CA1190065A - Method of producing powder metal articles - Google Patents
Method of producing powder metal articlesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1190065A CA1190065A CA000376537A CA376537A CA1190065A CA 1190065 A CA1190065 A CA 1190065A CA 000376537 A CA000376537 A CA 000376537A CA 376537 A CA376537 A CA 376537A CA 1190065 A CA1190065 A CA 1190065A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- powder metal
- iron
- metal member
- base powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RYQKRHYMXYRYLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Cu].[C].[Fe] Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu].[C].[Fe] RYQKRHYMXYRYLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/02—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of sliding-contact bearings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
Abstract
A METHOD OF PRODUCING POWDER
METAL ARTICLES
Abstract of the Disclosure A method of bonding together two or more powdered metal members is provided which comprises forming a first iron base powder metal member having the desired configuration, with the first powder metal base metal member containing a sufficient amount of copper to cause it to expand upon sintering; forming a second iron base powder metal member into a configuration such that it is adapted to engage in an interference fit relationship at least part of the first iron base powder metal member, with the second iron base powder metal member containing a sufficient amount of nickel to cause it to shrink upon sintering; bringing the first iron base powder metal member into contact with the second iron base powder metal member in such a manner that when they are subjected to a sintering treatment the first member expands against the second member which, in turn shrinks against the first member; and heating the so-bonded members at a sintering temperature which is sufficient to cause them to be-come metallurgically bonded together.
METAL ARTICLES
Abstract of the Disclosure A method of bonding together two or more powdered metal members is provided which comprises forming a first iron base powder metal member having the desired configuration, with the first powder metal base metal member containing a sufficient amount of copper to cause it to expand upon sintering; forming a second iron base powder metal member into a configuration such that it is adapted to engage in an interference fit relationship at least part of the first iron base powder metal member, with the second iron base powder metal member containing a sufficient amount of nickel to cause it to shrink upon sintering; bringing the first iron base powder metal member into contact with the second iron base powder metal member in such a manner that when they are subjected to a sintering treatment the first member expands against the second member which, in turn shrinks against the first member; and heating the so-bonded members at a sintering temperature which is sufficient to cause them to be-come metallurgically bonded together.
Description
6~1)(3~5 Background of the Invention The present inventlon concerns a method of bonding together two or more powder metal members or s~ructures. The method of the invention is accomplished by fabricating one powder metal member from an iron base composition which contains copper so as to cause it to expand upon sintering and another powder metal member from an iron base compositlon which contains nickel so as to cause it to shrink upon sin~ering. These members are configured such that they engage each other in an interference fit relationshlp and upon sintering become metallurgically bonded together~
Powder metallurgy is a technique which is often utilized to fabricate intrically~shaped articles. Its advantages over con-ventional metal fabrlcating techniques are well known. However, difficulty is often experienced when one attempts to permanently bond two powder metal members or articles together.
In the past, to accomplish the bonding of sintered powder metal artlcles together such techniques as brazing, molten metal infiltration and simple mechanical bonding employing interference fit arrangement have all been utilized with varying degrees of suc-cessO
However, brazing techniques are undesirable due to the fact that they require multiple heat treatments and the use of ex pensive brazing materials.
Likewise, molten metal infiltration techniques suffer from a plurality of problems. The main problem is that the bond achieved is usually imperfect and the technique is generally limited to ~oin-ing or bonding together shapes having a limited degree of com~
plexity. In addition, this technique suffers from the fact that the process in itself and the material utilized therein are relatively expensive and, perhaps most i~portantly, that it is difficult to control the size of the final structure.
The use of an interference Eit arrangement to bond powder metal articles together has met with some limited success. ~owever, this technique is deficient in that mechanical ~oints are unreliable as they have a tendency to separate when sub~ect to vibrations and 0~36~i can only be used on si~iple configuratlon6.
Accordlngly, it 18 the principal ob~ect of the present invention to provide a method oE bonding together two or more powder metal members or article~ regardless of their degree of complexity so as to produce a resultant structure which i8 metallurgically bonded together.
Another obJect of the invention i5 to provide a method of bondlng together t~o or more powder metal members or artlcles 80 as to obtain an integral bond betwelen the respective membera or articl~s in an economic and efficient manner under production con-ditions.
These and other ob~ects of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of the followlng speclfication and claim3.
Summary of the Invention In one aspect, the present in~ention concerns a method of bonding together two or more powdered metal member~ compr~sing:
formin~ a first iron base powder metal member havlng the desired configuration, with the first iron base powder metal member contaln-ing a sufficlent amount of copper to cause it to expand upon sinter-lng; formlng a second iron base powder metal member into a con-figuration such that lt is adapted to engage in an lnterference fit relationsh~p at least part of the flrst iron base powder metal member, with the second iron base powder metal member contalning a sufficient amount of nickel to cause lt to shrlnk upon sinterlng;
bringing the first iron base powder metal member into contact with the second iron base powder metal member in such a manner that when the members are sub~ected to a slnterlng treatment the first member expands against the second member which, in turn, shrinks against said first member; and heating the members at a sintering tem-perature which is sufficient to cause the members to become metallurgically bonded together.
In another a~pect, the present lnvention concerns a ~intered powdered metal article which is obtained by a process which comprises: forming a first iron base powder metal member having the 3~i desired c.onfiguration, wlth the first iron base ~powder metal member containing a sufficlent amount oE copper to cause it to expand upon sintering, forming a second iron base powder metal member into a configuration such that it i8 adapted to engage in an interference fit relationship at least part oE the first iron base powder metal member, with the second -lron base powder metal member containing a sufficient amount of nickel to cause it to shrlnk upon sintering;
bringing the flrst iron base po~der metal member lnto contact ~/ith the second iron base powder metal member in 9uch a manner that when the members are sub~ected to a sintering treatment the Eirst member expands against the second member whlch, ln turn, shrinks against the first member; and heating the members at a sinterlng temperature whlch ls suffi.cient to cause the members to become metallurglcally bonded together.
Brief Description of the Drawings The lnvention may take physl.cal form lrl certaln parts and arrangement of parts, the preferred embodiments which will be de-scrlbed in detall in the speclflcation and lllustrated ln the accompanying drawings whlch form a part hereof and wherein:
FIGURE l is a plan view of a bearing assembly produced accordlng to the subject invention;
FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view talcen along lines 2-2 in FIGURE l; and FIGURE 3 is a photomlcrograph of the bond area formed be-tween the first powder metal member and the second powder metal member.
Deta_led Description of the Preferred Embodlment of the Inventlon Referring now to the drawlngs whereln the showlngs are for the purpose of lllustrating the preferred embodiment of the inven-tion only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, Figures 1 and 2 show a bearing assembly generally designated A which consists of a first or inner powder member 10 and a second or outer powder metal member 12.
The inner member lO is somewhat oval in shape and has an upper surface 14 and a lower surface 16. An aperture 18 is formed in the inner member 10 and is adapted to receive or support a rotat-able member (not shown).
The outer member 12 is generally rectangular in cross-sectional configuration and has opposed sides 20, 22 and 24, 26 and is provided with a first outwardly extending f]ange 28 and a second outwardly extending flang~ 30. An aperture 32 is provided in the outer member 12 which is configured such that it is adapted to re-ceive in an interference fit relationship i~mer member 10.
In the practice of the lpresent invention9 the first iron base powder metal member or structure is fashioned to the desired configuration by conventional powder metal technlques from a mixture of lron base powder9 copper powder and powdered carbon, with the copper being present in an amount sufficient to cause the resultant member to expand upon sintering. In this regard, excellent results are achieved when the first iron base powder metal member is fabricated from a composition which contains from about 93 to about 96 weight percent iron, from about 3.0 to about 6.0 weight percent copper, and from about 0.5 to about 1.0 weight percent carbonO The technlques utilized to form such an article are well known in the art and as they do not form a part of the present invention will not be discussed herein in detailO All that is critical is that the first iron base powder metal article be fabricated from an iron base composition which contains sufficient amount of copper to cause it to expand upon sintering.
The second iron base powder metal member or structure is, likewise, fabricated by conventional powder metal techniques into a configuration such that it is adapted to engage in an interference fit relationship at least part of the first iron base powder metal member. The second iron base powder metal article is ~abricated from a mixture of iron base powder, nickel powder and carbon powder, with the nickel powder being present in an amount sufficient to cause the resultant member to shrink upon sintering. In this re-gard, excellent results are achieved when the second iron base powder metal member is fabricated from a composition which contains from about 95 to about 9~.5 weight percent iron, from about 2.0 to about 4.0 weight percent nickel and from about 0.5 to about l.0 weight percene carbon. As the technique utilized to Fo~m the second iron base powder metal member i9 well known in the art and does not form a part of the sub~ect lnvention, it will not be discussed here-in in detail.
In practice, a Eirst iron base powder metal member is fabricated from a composition of the type described above with a typical configuration being that shown in the drawings. This powder metal member is then brought into contact in an interference fit re-lationship with a second iron base powder metal member, of the com-posltion described above, in such a manner that the respective members are mechanically bonded together.
The so-arranged assembly is then subjected to a sintering treatment in a reducing gas atmosphere at a temperature preferably in the range of from about ~,000-2,150~F. ~owever, the exact sintering temperature utilized is not critical except it is required that it be of sufficient magnitude so as to cause copper to diffuse into the second or outer member to cause both the first or inner and second or outer members to become metallurgically bonded together by the formation of a complex iron-copper-nickel-carbon a]loy at the interface therebetween. It is thought that this unique metallurgi-cal bond is caused by the diffusion of copper in~o the outer member.
This diffusion is assisted by ehe presence of carbon, which pre~
ferably is originally added to the mixture of powdered metals as graphite. Durlng the sintering treatment, the graphite goes into solution ln both the inner and outer members. The copper diffuses through the wall of the outer member at a temperature of about
Powder metallurgy is a technique which is often utilized to fabricate intrically~shaped articles. Its advantages over con-ventional metal fabrlcating techniques are well known. However, difficulty is often experienced when one attempts to permanently bond two powder metal members or articles together.
In the past, to accomplish the bonding of sintered powder metal artlcles together such techniques as brazing, molten metal infiltration and simple mechanical bonding employing interference fit arrangement have all been utilized with varying degrees of suc-cessO
However, brazing techniques are undesirable due to the fact that they require multiple heat treatments and the use of ex pensive brazing materials.
Likewise, molten metal infiltration techniques suffer from a plurality of problems. The main problem is that the bond achieved is usually imperfect and the technique is generally limited to ~oin-ing or bonding together shapes having a limited degree of com~
plexity. In addition, this technique suffers from the fact that the process in itself and the material utilized therein are relatively expensive and, perhaps most i~portantly, that it is difficult to control the size of the final structure.
The use of an interference Eit arrangement to bond powder metal articles together has met with some limited success. ~owever, this technique is deficient in that mechanical ~oints are unreliable as they have a tendency to separate when sub~ect to vibrations and 0~36~i can only be used on si~iple configuratlon6.
Accordlngly, it 18 the principal ob~ect of the present invention to provide a method oE bonding together two or more powder metal members or article~ regardless of their degree of complexity so as to produce a resultant structure which i8 metallurgically bonded together.
Another obJect of the invention i5 to provide a method of bondlng together t~o or more powder metal members or artlcles 80 as to obtain an integral bond betwelen the respective membera or articl~s in an economic and efficient manner under production con-ditions.
These and other ob~ects of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of the followlng speclfication and claim3.
Summary of the Invention In one aspect, the present in~ention concerns a method of bonding together two or more powdered metal member~ compr~sing:
formin~ a first iron base powder metal member havlng the desired configuration, with the first iron base powder metal member contaln-ing a sufficlent amount of copper to cause it to expand upon sinter-lng; formlng a second iron base powder metal member into a con-figuration such that lt is adapted to engage in an lnterference fit relationsh~p at least part of the flrst iron base powder metal member, with the second iron base powder metal member contalning a sufficient amount of nickel to cause lt to shrlnk upon sinterlng;
bringing the first iron base powder metal member into contact with the second iron base powder metal member in such a manner that when the members are sub~ected to a slnterlng treatment the first member expands against the second member which, in turn, shrinks against said first member; and heating the members at a sintering tem-perature which is sufficient to cause the members to become metallurgically bonded together.
In another a~pect, the present lnvention concerns a ~intered powdered metal article which is obtained by a process which comprises: forming a first iron base powder metal member having the 3~i desired c.onfiguration, wlth the first iron base ~powder metal member containing a sufficlent amount oE copper to cause it to expand upon sintering, forming a second iron base powder metal member into a configuration such that it i8 adapted to engage in an interference fit relationship at least part oE the first iron base powder metal member, with the second -lron base powder metal member containing a sufficient amount of nickel to cause it to shrlnk upon sintering;
bringing the flrst iron base po~der metal member lnto contact ~/ith the second iron base powder metal member in 9uch a manner that when the members are sub~ected to a sintering treatment the Eirst member expands against the second member whlch, ln turn, shrinks against the first member; and heating the members at a sinterlng temperature whlch ls suffi.cient to cause the members to become metallurglcally bonded together.
Brief Description of the Drawings The lnvention may take physl.cal form lrl certaln parts and arrangement of parts, the preferred embodiments which will be de-scrlbed in detall in the speclflcation and lllustrated ln the accompanying drawings whlch form a part hereof and wherein:
FIGURE l is a plan view of a bearing assembly produced accordlng to the subject invention;
FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view talcen along lines 2-2 in FIGURE l; and FIGURE 3 is a photomlcrograph of the bond area formed be-tween the first powder metal member and the second powder metal member.
Deta_led Description of the Preferred Embodlment of the Inventlon Referring now to the drawlngs whereln the showlngs are for the purpose of lllustrating the preferred embodiment of the inven-tion only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, Figures 1 and 2 show a bearing assembly generally designated A which consists of a first or inner powder member 10 and a second or outer powder metal member 12.
The inner member lO is somewhat oval in shape and has an upper surface 14 and a lower surface 16. An aperture 18 is formed in the inner member 10 and is adapted to receive or support a rotat-able member (not shown).
The outer member 12 is generally rectangular in cross-sectional configuration and has opposed sides 20, 22 and 24, 26 and is provided with a first outwardly extending f]ange 28 and a second outwardly extending flang~ 30. An aperture 32 is provided in the outer member 12 which is configured such that it is adapted to re-ceive in an interference fit relationship i~mer member 10.
In the practice of the lpresent invention9 the first iron base powder metal member or structure is fashioned to the desired configuration by conventional powder metal technlques from a mixture of lron base powder9 copper powder and powdered carbon, with the copper being present in an amount sufficient to cause the resultant member to expand upon sintering. In this regard, excellent results are achieved when the first iron base powder metal member is fabricated from a composition which contains from about 93 to about 96 weight percent iron, from about 3.0 to about 6.0 weight percent copper, and from about 0.5 to about 1.0 weight percent carbonO The technlques utilized to form such an article are well known in the art and as they do not form a part of the present invention will not be discussed herein in detailO All that is critical is that the first iron base powder metal article be fabricated from an iron base composition which contains sufficient amount of copper to cause it to expand upon sintering.
The second iron base powder metal member or structure is, likewise, fabricated by conventional powder metal techniques into a configuration such that it is adapted to engage in an interference fit relationship at least part of the first iron base powder metal member. The second iron base powder metal article is ~abricated from a mixture of iron base powder, nickel powder and carbon powder, with the nickel powder being present in an amount sufficient to cause the resultant member to shrink upon sintering. In this re-gard, excellent results are achieved when the second iron base powder metal member is fabricated from a composition which contains from about 95 to about 9~.5 weight percent iron, from about 2.0 to about 4.0 weight percent nickel and from about 0.5 to about l.0 weight percene carbon. As the technique utilized to Fo~m the second iron base powder metal member i9 well known in the art and does not form a part of the sub~ect lnvention, it will not be discussed here-in in detail.
In practice, a Eirst iron base powder metal member is fabricated from a composition of the type described above with a typical configuration being that shown in the drawings. This powder metal member is then brought into contact in an interference fit re-lationship with a second iron base powder metal member, of the com-posltion described above, in such a manner that the respective members are mechanically bonded together.
The so-arranged assembly is then subjected to a sintering treatment in a reducing gas atmosphere at a temperature preferably in the range of from about ~,000-2,150~F. ~owever, the exact sintering temperature utilized is not critical except it is required that it be of sufficient magnitude so as to cause copper to diffuse into the second or outer member to cause both the first or inner and second or outer members to become metallurgically bonded together by the formation of a complex iron-copper-nickel-carbon a]loy at the interface therebetween. It is thought that this unique metallurgi-cal bond is caused by the diffusion of copper in~o the outer member.
This diffusion is assisted by ehe presence of carbon, which pre~
ferably is originally added to the mixture of powdered metals as graphite. Durlng the sintering treatment, the graphite goes into solution ln both the inner and outer members. The copper diffuses through the wall of the outer member at a temperature of about
2,050F and alloys with the iron and nickel present creating a material which has a higher melting point than 2,050F. As the sintering temperature utilized is lower than 2,050F, this material freezes resulting in a metallurgically diffused ~oint which has been found to be stronger than the individual strength of both the inner and outer materials themselves. Afeer slntering, the actual ~oint area cannot l~e seen by using no~lal viewing methods. However, the bond which is formed between the respective members, whlch are
3~
~oined according to the teachlngs of the present invention, is clearly observable ln Figure 3 which is a photomicrograph having a magnification of 50 times. In the photomicrograph, the reference character D shows the structure of the inner member and reference character E shows the copperlcarbon diffuslon area zone of the outer member generally identified F.
The bearing assembly shown in Figures 1 and 2 was fabricated as follows:
The outer member was formed in a suitable mold from a com-position which contained about 97.5 weight percent iron, 200 weight percent nickel and 0.5 weight percent carbon. The particle size of the iron was -~0 mesh (U.S. Sieve). The particle size of the nickel was in the range of 4-7 microns. The particle si~e of the carbon was about 2 microns. These materia~s were mixed and poured into a suitable mold and compacted at a pressure oE about 30 T.S.I.
The inner member was formed from a mixture of about 94.25 weight percent iron, 5.0 weight percent copper and 0.75 weight per-cent carbon. The mi~ture was poured into a suitable mold and com-pacted at a pressure of about 30 T.S.I.
The inner member was positioned ln an interference fit re-lationship in aperture 32 of outer member 12. This structure was then placed in a furnace and heated in an endothermic atmosph~re to a temperature of about 29050F for a period of about 0.2 hours.
The resultant structure was then removed from the sin~er-ing furnace and it was observed that the inner member was metal-lurgically bonded to the outer member.
From the foregoing, it is obvious that the technique of the present invention makes it possible to fabricate complicated powder metal articles from a plurality of parts in an efficient and economical manner. In production, the technique of the present invention results in significant energy and cost savings.
While there have been described herein what are at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of this invention9 it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the inverltion, and it i8, there~Eo~e~ intended the appended claim~ to cover all s~ch changes ancl ~odificatiorls as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
~oined according to the teachlngs of the present invention, is clearly observable ln Figure 3 which is a photomicrograph having a magnification of 50 times. In the photomicrograph, the reference character D shows the structure of the inner member and reference character E shows the copperlcarbon diffuslon area zone of the outer member generally identified F.
The bearing assembly shown in Figures 1 and 2 was fabricated as follows:
The outer member was formed in a suitable mold from a com-position which contained about 97.5 weight percent iron, 200 weight percent nickel and 0.5 weight percent carbon. The particle size of the iron was -~0 mesh (U.S. Sieve). The particle size of the nickel was in the range of 4-7 microns. The particle si~e of the carbon was about 2 microns. These materia~s were mixed and poured into a suitable mold and compacted at a pressure oE about 30 T.S.I.
The inner member was formed from a mixture of about 94.25 weight percent iron, 5.0 weight percent copper and 0.75 weight per-cent carbon. The mi~ture was poured into a suitable mold and com-pacted at a pressure of about 30 T.S.I.
The inner member was positioned ln an interference fit re-lationship in aperture 32 of outer member 12. This structure was then placed in a furnace and heated in an endothermic atmosph~re to a temperature of about 29050F for a period of about 0.2 hours.
The resultant structure was then removed from the sin~er-ing furnace and it was observed that the inner member was metal-lurgically bonded to the outer member.
From the foregoing, it is obvious that the technique of the present invention makes it possible to fabricate complicated powder metal articles from a plurality of parts in an efficient and economical manner. In production, the technique of the present invention results in significant energy and cost savings.
While there have been described herein what are at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of this invention9 it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the inverltion, and it i8, there~Eo~e~ intended the appended claim~ to cover all s~ch changes ancl ~odificatiorls as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of bonding together two or more powdered metal members comprising:
forming a first iron base powder metal member having the desired configuration, with said first iron base powder metal member containing carbon and a suffi-cient amount of copper to cause it to expand upon sintering;
forming a second iron base powder metal member into a configuration such that it is adapted to engage in an interference fit relationship at least part of said first iron base powder metal member, with said second iron base powder containing carbon and a sufficient amount of nickel to cause said member to shrink upon sintering;
bringing said first iron base powder metal member into contact with said second iron base powder metal member in such a manner that when said members are subject to a sintering treatment said first member expands against said second member which, in turn, shrinks against said first member; and heating said members at a sintering temperature which is sufficient to cause said members to become metallurgically bonded together by forming a strong alloy comprising iron-copper nickel-carbon at the interface.
forming a first iron base powder metal member having the desired configuration, with said first iron base powder metal member containing carbon and a suffi-cient amount of copper to cause it to expand upon sintering;
forming a second iron base powder metal member into a configuration such that it is adapted to engage in an interference fit relationship at least part of said first iron base powder metal member, with said second iron base powder containing carbon and a sufficient amount of nickel to cause said member to shrink upon sintering;
bringing said first iron base powder metal member into contact with said second iron base powder metal member in such a manner that when said members are subject to a sintering treatment said first member expands against said second member which, in turn, shrinks against said first member; and heating said members at a sintering temperature which is sufficient to cause said members to become metallurgically bonded together by forming a strong alloy comprising iron-copper nickel-carbon at the interface.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said first iron base powder metal member is fabricated from a composition which contains, in weight percent, from about 93 to 96 percent iron, from about 3.0 to 6.0 percent copper, and from about 0.5 to 1 percent carbon.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said first iron base powder metal member is fabricated from a composition which contains in weight percent about 94.25 percent iron, about 5.0 percent copper and about 0.75 percent carbon.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said second iron powder metal member is fabricated from a composition which contains, in weight percent, from about 95 to 97.5 percent iron, from about 2 to 4 percent nickel and from about 0.5 to 1 percent carbon.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said second iron base powdered metal member contains, in weight percent, about 97.5 percent iron, about 2.0 percent nickel and about 0.5 percent carbon.
6. A sintered powdered metal article comprising a first sintered iron component part comprising copper and carbon, and a second sintered iron component part com-prising nickel and carbon, said first and second parts being metallurgically bonded together by a strong alloy comprising iron-copper nickel-carbon at the interface obtained by a method which comprises:
forming a first iron base powder metal member having the desired configuration, with said first iron base powder metal member containing carbon and a suffi-cient amount of copper to cause it to expand upon sinter-ing;
forming a second iron base powder metal member into a configuration such that it is adapted to engage in an interference fit relationship at least part of said first iron base powder metal member, with said second iron base powder containing carbon and a sufficient amount of nickel to cause said member to shrink upon sintering;
bringing said first iron base powder metal member into contact with said second iron base powder metal member in such a manner that when said members are subjected to a sintering treatment said first member expands against said second member which, in turn, shrinks against said first member; and heating said members at a sintering temperature which is sufficient to cause said members to become metallurgically bonded together by forming a strong alloy comprising iron-copper nickel-carbon at the interface.
forming a first iron base powder metal member having the desired configuration, with said first iron base powder metal member containing carbon and a suffi-cient amount of copper to cause it to expand upon sinter-ing;
forming a second iron base powder metal member into a configuration such that it is adapted to engage in an interference fit relationship at least part of said first iron base powder metal member, with said second iron base powder containing carbon and a sufficient amount of nickel to cause said member to shrink upon sintering;
bringing said first iron base powder metal member into contact with said second iron base powder metal member in such a manner that when said members are subjected to a sintering treatment said first member expands against said second member which, in turn, shrinks against said first member; and heating said members at a sintering temperature which is sufficient to cause said members to become metallurgically bonded together by forming a strong alloy comprising iron-copper nickel-carbon at the interface.
7. The article of claim 6, wherein said first iron base powder metal member is fabricated from a composition which contains, in weight percent, from about 93 to 96 percent iron, from about 3.0 to 6.0 percent copper, and from about 0.5 to 1 percent carbon.
8. The article of claim 7, wherein said first iron base powder metal member is fabricated from a composition which contains, in weight percent, about 94.25 percent iron, about 5.0 percent copper and about 0.75 percent carbon.
9. The article of claim 6, wherein said second iron base powder metal member is fabricated from a composition which contains, in weight percent, from about 95 to 97.5 percent iron, from about 2 to 4 per-cent nickel and from about 0.5 to 1.0 percent carbon.
10. The article of claim 9, wherein said second iron base powdered metal member contains, in weight percent, about 97.5 percent iron, about 2 percent nickel and about 0.5 percent carbon.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14747680A | 1980-05-07 | 1980-05-07 | |
| US147,476 | 1980-05-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1190065A true CA1190065A (en) | 1985-07-09 |
Family
ID=22521713
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000376537A Expired CA1190065A (en) | 1980-05-07 | 1981-04-29 | Method of producing powder metal articles |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS572803A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6968081A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8102797A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1190065A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3117282A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES501916A0 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2075554A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1170945B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63162801A (en) * | 1986-12-26 | 1988-07-06 | Toyo Kohan Co Ltd | Manufacture of screw for resin processing machine |
| WO1997018051A1 (en) * | 1993-04-13 | 1997-05-22 | Aozt 'novomet-Perm' | Process for producing composite articles |
| JP3398465B2 (en) * | 1994-04-19 | 2003-04-21 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Manufacturing method of composite sintered body |
| DE4418268A1 (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1995-11-30 | Schunk Sintermetalltechnik Gmb | Process for connecting molded parts |
| FR2792859B1 (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2001-07-06 | Renault | SINTERED CONNECTING ROD COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE FRICTION RING BONDED BY HOT METAL DIFFUSION AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD |
| US8770324B2 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2014-07-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth-boring tools including sinterbonded components and partially formed tools configured to be sinterbonded |
-
1981
- 1981-04-21 AU AU69680/81A patent/AU6968081A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1981-04-29 GB GB8113220A patent/GB2075554A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-04-29 CA CA000376537A patent/CA1190065A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-30 DE DE19813117282 patent/DE3117282A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-05-01 JP JP6531181A patent/JPS572803A/en active Pending
- 1981-05-05 IT IT48394/81A patent/IT1170945B/en active
- 1981-05-06 BR BR8102797A patent/BR8102797A/en unknown
- 1981-05-06 ES ES501916A patent/ES501916A0/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8148394A0 (en) | 1981-05-05 |
| GB2075554A (en) | 1981-11-18 |
| JPS572803A (en) | 1982-01-08 |
| ES8302114A1 (en) | 1982-12-16 |
| DE3117282A1 (en) | 1982-01-14 |
| BR8102797A (en) | 1982-02-02 |
| AU6968081A (en) | 1981-11-12 |
| IT1170945B (en) | 1987-06-03 |
| ES501916A0 (en) | 1982-12-16 |
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