CA1179852A - Sewer manhole channel construction and method - Google Patents
Sewer manhole channel construction and methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA1179852A CA1179852A CA000408030A CA408030A CA1179852A CA 1179852 A CA1179852 A CA 1179852A CA 000408030 A CA000408030 A CA 000408030A CA 408030 A CA408030 A CA 408030A CA 1179852 A CA1179852 A CA 1179852A
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- channel elements
- elements
- inlet
- manhole construction
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Abstract
SEWER MANHOLE CHANNEL CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
In a sewer manhole construction having a cylindrical bottom section adapted for placement within the ground at a pre-determined depth and having bottom and side walls, there being spaced inlet and outlet openings in the side wall above the bottom wall adapted to receive the ends of sewer conduits.
The improvement which comprises a flooring upon the bottom wall including a plurality of pre-formed filler channel elements of polygonal shape and of uniform height which are mounted upon and around the bottom wall adjacent the side wall. Adjacent inner walls and opposing walls of the filler channel elements define a first channel which underlies and interconnects the inlet and outlet openings. Each channel element has a plurality of upright apertures therethrough. A layer of concrete fills the apertures and interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and side wall partly fills the first channel and overlies the channel elements extending the floor above the channel elements. A concave floor channel is formed in the top of the concrete flooring in vertical registry with the first channel and at its ends communicating with the inlet and outlet openings.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
In a sewer manhole construction having a cylindrical bottom section adapted for placement within the ground at a pre-determined depth and having bottom and side walls, there being spaced inlet and outlet openings in the side wall above the bottom wall adapted to receive the ends of sewer conduits.
The improvement which comprises a flooring upon the bottom wall including a plurality of pre-formed filler channel elements of polygonal shape and of uniform height which are mounted upon and around the bottom wall adjacent the side wall. Adjacent inner walls and opposing walls of the filler channel elements define a first channel which underlies and interconnects the inlet and outlet openings. Each channel element has a plurality of upright apertures therethrough. A layer of concrete fills the apertures and interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and side wall partly fills the first channel and overlies the channel elements extending the floor above the channel elements. A concave floor channel is formed in the top of the concrete flooring in vertical registry with the first channel and at its ends communicating with the inlet and outlet openings.
Description
~ACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Sewer manholes are openings through the street surf ace to a sewer to provide easier inspection and cleaning. They are placed usually at intervals of 300 to 500 feet and a straight line portion of the sewer extends between a pair of adjacent manholes. Manholes are usually circular in plan, having a cast-iron opening in the street surface which is covered with a corrugated cast-iron cover. Usually the manhole enlarges to about 4 feet in diameter and continues at ~his diameter down to the sewer elevation. This provides ample space for cleaning or unstopping the sewer with the conventional ~' ., . _ ~ . .. . .
..; . ~ , ~. :
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segmented sewer rods commonly used. The sewage is carried through the manhole floor in channels in the floor with the depth of the channels from 1/2 of the sewer diameter up to the full diameter of the sewer ends which extend into the manhole.
In some constructions sewer manholes are poured concrete and in other constructions and as shown in the preferred embodiment consist of a seriesof cylindrical reinforced concrete sections having cooperating annular portions and grooves to provide an upright cylinder and including a cylindrical bottom sec~ion which includes bottom and circular side walls.
Heretofore, to provide a flooring for the bottom section of the manhole which is spaced below sewer conduits a quantity of concrete is normally poured which extends from the bottom of the section up to and adjacent the side wall openings which receive the sewer conduits. Conventionally a U-shaped channel is formed in the top surface of the flooring which communicates with respective inlet and outlet or a plurality of inlets and outlets so that sewage from the sewer conduits flows through the channels in the bottom of the flooringdirectly through the manhole construction and outwardly thereof.
Examples of manhole constructions are shown in the following United States Patents:
4,102,088 4,127,990
Sewer manholes are openings through the street surf ace to a sewer to provide easier inspection and cleaning. They are placed usually at intervals of 300 to 500 feet and a straight line portion of the sewer extends between a pair of adjacent manholes. Manholes are usually circular in plan, having a cast-iron opening in the street surface which is covered with a corrugated cast-iron cover. Usually the manhole enlarges to about 4 feet in diameter and continues at ~his diameter down to the sewer elevation. This provides ample space for cleaning or unstopping the sewer with the conventional ~' ., . _ ~ . .. . .
..; . ~ , ~. :
( ~L~L7~35~
segmented sewer rods commonly used. The sewage is carried through the manhole floor in channels in the floor with the depth of the channels from 1/2 of the sewer diameter up to the full diameter of the sewer ends which extend into the manhole.
In some constructions sewer manholes are poured concrete and in other constructions and as shown in the preferred embodiment consist of a seriesof cylindrical reinforced concrete sections having cooperating annular portions and grooves to provide an upright cylinder and including a cylindrical bottom sec~ion which includes bottom and circular side walls.
Heretofore, to provide a flooring for the bottom section of the manhole which is spaced below sewer conduits a quantity of concrete is normally poured which extends from the bottom of the section up to and adjacent the side wall openings which receive the sewer conduits. Conventionally a U-shaped channel is formed in the top surface of the flooring which communicates with respective inlet and outlet or a plurality of inlets and outlets so that sewage from the sewer conduits flows through the channels in the bottom of the flooringdirectly through the manhole construction and outwardly thereof.
Examples of manhole constructions are shown in the following United States Patents:
4,102,088 4,127,990
2,1 66,632
- 3,276,176 These patents are identified merely as showing the various types of sewer manhole constructions.
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SUMMARY OF THE INYENTION
An important feature of the invention is that in the formation of the concrete flooring for the bottom section of a manhole construction there is first loosely positioned upon the bottom wall of the bottom section a plurality of pre-formed channel elements of polygonal shape and of plastic material and of a uniform height. These are mounted upon and around the bottom wall and adjacent to the side wall.
It is a further feature to arrange the channel elements so as to define a first channel which extends between the wall inlets and outlets and wherein the channel elements have a plurality of upright apertures extending therethrough.
The flooring is completed by the pouring of concrete over the filler channel elements filling all of the apertures in the channel elements andthe interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and the side wall and further filling the first channel so as to overlie the channel elements and to provide a flooring above the channel elements. A concave floor channel is formed in the top of the concrete fioor lining, and is in registry with the first channel and at its ends communicates with the inlet and outlet openings.
It is a further feature of the present invention to provide as a part of the flooring for the cylindrical bottom section of a sewer manhole a series of pre-formed channel elerr.ents of polygonal shape and of a porous plastic material filling a substantial portion of the space over the bottom wall of the bottom section and with the flooring completed by the pouring thereover of a layer of concrete which fills all of the apertures in the channel elements and fills the interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and the side walls and partly fills the primary channel defined by adjacent walls ofthe channel element.
l~'iJgBS2 It is a further feature of the invention to provide a plurality of pre-forrned channel elements of polygonal shape such as triangular and rectangular for illustration, of a plastlc material preferably a foam plastic material and of a uniform height. These channel elements have upright side walls which define a general passageway in the flooring in registry with the inlet and outlet openings receiving sewer connections.
It is a further feature to provide as a part of the flocring a series of cylindrical columns of concrete which fill the apertures of the respective channel elements and which extend to a layer of concrete which overlies the channel elements to complete the top surface of the flooring as a unit structure.
It is a further feature of the present invention, by the use of the properly shaped and-properly positioned and located channel elements to define afiller within the flooring so that only 2096 of the concrete is needed as heretofore required to form such flooring.
These and other objects will be seen from the following specification and daims in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:
THF DRAWINGS
Fi~ure 1 is a f ragmentary vertical section of a manhole construction having a cylindrical bottom section adapted to receive the ends of sewer conduits, taken in the direction of arrows 1-1 of Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a plan sectional view thereof.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of one of the pre-formed channel elements.
~ 79~5~' ~ igure 4 is a perspective view of another of the pre-f ormed channel elements.
Figure 5 is a plan section similar to Figure 2 illustrating a four-way manhole employing four spaced channel elements.
Figure 6 is a plan view of a modified form of channel element located with respect to the side wall of the manhole fragmentarily shown.
Figure 7 is a plan section similar to Figure 5 showing a straight through manhole which includes six channel elements.
Figure 8 is a fragmentary plan view of a modified form of channel element with its - straight side adjacent the inner wall of the manhole, fragmentarily shown.
Figure 9 is a plan section similar to Figure 7 illustrating a dead-end manhole and employing seven channel elements.
Figure 10 is a plan view of a modified channel element of triangular shape with rounded corners spaced with respect to an adjacent manhole wall, fragmentarily shown.
Figure 11 is a plan section similar to Figure 9 illustrating a three-way manhole and employing five channel elements.
Figure 12 is a plan view of a different form of channel element of triangular shape with one straight side spaced adjacent the manhole side wall fragmentarily shown.
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Figure 13 is a plan section similar to Figure 11 showing a bend in a manhole channel and employing six channel elements.
Figure 14 is a fragmentary vertical section of the channel element of Figures 3 or 4.
- Figure 15 is a ~ragmentary vertical section of a modified cross-section showing a pair of spaced inset leclges.
Figure 16 is a fragmentary vertical section of a modified channel elernent having a convex outer surface.
Figure 17 is a fragmentary section of a modified channel element which includes a lower concave portion and an upper convex portion.
It will be understood that the above drawings illustrate merely preferred embodiments of the invention, and that other embodiments are contemplated within the scope of the claims hereafter set forth.
DESCRIPllON OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INYENllON
Referring to ~he drawings Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, a manhole construction generally indicated at 11 which has a cylindrical bottom section 13of concrete having an annular side wall 15 and a bottom wall 17. The sewer manhole including a series of aligned interlocked concrete sections such as shown in Figure 1 is adapted for placement within the ground upon the excavated ground surface 1'3, and with respect to the wall 21 of a filled hole forming a part of the excavatiorl.
A portion of a first sewer pipe 23 is f~agmentarily shown as extending loosely into and through the wall 15 within an inlet opening 25 therein and sealed with respect to the wall opening by an annular flexible seal 27 of suitable material such as PVC or other plastic sealer. A second sewer pipe fragmentarily shown at 29, Figure 2, extends through a second outlet opening 30 within wall 15 and is suitably sealed therein as at 27.
First sewer pipe 23 has an inlet 31 upon the interior of the bottom section 15 and the second sewer pipe 29 has an outlet opening 33 which communicates with the interior of the bottom section 13; Both of the openings 25 and 30 are normally spaced above the bottom wall 17 and with respect to the present floor assembly 35.
A flooring is provided upon the bottom wall 17 and which includes a series of pre-located pre-formed channel elements 37 and 39 of polygonal shapeand of a plastic material and of uniform height. These channel elements are of alightweight pourous construction normally made of a foam plastic construction ora styrofoam and are mounted upon and around the bottom wall 17 and adjacent `
the side wall 15 in the manner shown in Figure 2. The channel elements are loosely spaced upon the bottom wall side-to-side or edge-to-edge so that an inner wall of some of the elements is aligned with the inner wall of adjacent elementsand is spaced from the inner wall of other opposed elements to define a first channel which underlies and extends between the inlet and outlet openings 25 and 30.
Channel element 37 has a base portion 41 of triangular shape and a top portion 43 also of triangular shape which at its sides is inset from the sides of the base portion to define the continuous ledge 45 between the base and top portions.
~l~9~S~
A series of spaced bores 47, preferably cylindrical, extend through the channel elements 37 and 39. The triangular channel elements 37 have truncated corners 49 upon the base thereof and the corner portions of the top members are similarly truncated at 51. Thus the ledge 45 is continuous around the periphery of the channel element 37.
The second form of channel element 39 is generally rectangular, includes a base portion 53 and thereover an inset top portion 55 defining ledges 57 at opposite ends of the channel element.
The channel elements are of lightweight porous plastic construction and are arranged loosely upon the bottom wall 17 of the bottom section as in Figures 1 and 2 closely spaced with respect to ~he sidë wall 15 and spaced with respect to each other. Thus one wall or corner of the respective pre-located channel elements together with opposing walls define first general channel 58 which extends between the inlet opening 25, Figure 1, and the outlet opening 30. This first channel underlies and extends between said inlet and outlet openings.
The flooring is completed by a layer of concrete 59 which is poured into the bottom section, which fills the respective channel element apertures 47, fills the interstices between adjacent channel elements and the spaces between side walls of the channel elements and the corresponding wall 15 of the bottom section of the sewer manhole.
The concrete is poured to a depth so as to overlie the respective channel elements as shown in Figure 1 and partly fills first channel 58 defined by the above cooperating sides of the channel elements.
9~
Within the concrete fill 59, there is formed before it has hardened the elongated channel 61 generally concave in cross-section and extending to a height at least 1/2 the height of the sewer pipe inlets and outlets 31, 33.
In the illustrative embodiment the concave floor channel 61 overlies channel 58 defined by the adjacent aligned and opposed sides of the channel elements and provides a communicating passage which extends between the sewer pipes 23 and 29.
In the illustrative embodiment top edges of the open-top channel 61 extend up to at least 1/2 the height of the sewer pipes. It is contemplated that channel 61 could be of a height the same as the diameter of the sewer pipes 23, 29, fragmentarily shown, and which project into the cylindrical bottom section of the manhole and for passage of sewage through the manhole.
The top surface of the flooring is sloped as at 63 towards the floor cha`nnel 61 and provides a floor for a workman to stand for inspecting the sewer connections or employing tools for cleaning out blocked portions of either of the sewer pipes- whlch project into the bottom section of the manhole.
By the use of the series of pre-located channel elements 37, 39 upon the bottom wall 17 a considerable amount of concrete is saved. It is estimated that approximately 20% concrete is all that is needed compared to the conventional construction wherein the flooring consisted entirely of concrete from the bottom wall 17 up to the sloped flooring at 63.
A modified manhole bottom section is designated at 65 in Figure 5 which shows the corresponding sewer pipe 67 projecting into a corresponding inlet opening 69 and suitably sealed therein. A fourth sewer pipe 71, ~ 1'7~8$;~
fragmentarily shown, extends through an additional spaced outlet or inlet opening 73 within wall 15 and is suitably sealed therein.
There are four channel elements 37 employed in the modification of Figure 5 for the four-way passage manhole construction and wherein the basic channel 58 defined by inner walls of the channel elements is of cross-shape.
The floor channel shown at 75 is similarly of cross-shape, overlies channel 58 defined by the respective channel element, opens upwardly and provides communication between the inner ends of the respective sewer pipes to establish communication and the passage of sewage through the base of the manhole such as shown by the arrows, for illustration only.
A slightly modified form of channel element is designated at 77 in Figure 6, of generally triangular shape but having a pair of outer wall portions 99 which extend at an obtuse angle to each other and are dosely spaced with respect to the wall 15 of the manhole bottom section, fragmentarily shown.
A further modified manhole bottom section is designated at 101 in Figure 7 of the straight pass-through type and wherein the respective sewer conduits 23 and 29 are in alignment. The communicating floor channel ~03 is formed in the concrete flooring so as to extend between and communicate with the sewer pipe sections 23 and 29 for transmitting sewage through the channel 103 such as shown by the arrows. In this construction there are employed four channel elements 37 and a pair of opposed spaced channel elements 39 to define the straight line channel.
Figure 8 shows in plan a modified shape of channel element 105 which has a generally semi-circular wall lO7 and one flat wall 108 which is spaced adjacent to the side wall 15 of the bottom section 13 which is fragmentarily shown.
~ 7~8~
Figure 9 is a similar plan section of a modified bottom section 109 referred to as a dead-end manhole since there is no passage therethrough. In this case there is a single inlet aperture 25 in the side wall 15. The end of sewer pipe 23 projects through aperture 25 and is sealed therein at 27.
A series of seven spaced channel elements of both types 37 and 39 are arranged in a convenient manne. upon the bottom wall 17 of the cylindrical bottom section so that their sides generally define a channel 58 which extends radially of and communicates with sewer pipe 23. On completion of the flooring with the pouring of the concrete 59 over the pre-arranged channel elements there is formed in the top surface thereof the upwardly opening strai~ht U-shaped channel lll which extends substantially past the center of the manhole section and communicates with the outlet 31 of sewer pipe 23. There could be a removable plug 113 applied to the inlet end of the sewer pipe 23, if desired. Itcan be assumed that in use normally the dead-end manhole is provided for connection to the sewer pipe 23 but that sewage normally is not passing therethrough.
Figure 10 is a fragmentary plan view of a slightly modified triangularly shaped channel element 115 with rounded corners and- having an arcuate wall 117 which is spaced dosely with respect to the side wall 15 of the bottom section 13, which is fragmentarily shown. This channel element nevertheless has the inset top portion to define the peripheral ledge 45 the same as above-described with respect to channel element 37.
A slightly modified cylindrical bottom section for a manhole construction is shown at 119 in Figure 11 which is in the form of a three-way manhole construction.
117g~5~
In this arrangement of the flooring for the manhole bottom section there are employed four triangularly shaped channel elements 37 and a single rectangular channel element 39 so that there is defined in the top surface of the concrete flooring the channel 121 of T-shape adapted for registry with the respective sewer pipe segments shown at 23, 29 and 71.
A modified channel elemlent 123 is shown in plan in Figure 12, of triangular shape and wherein the hypotenuse side 125 is closely spaced with respect to the wall 15 of the bottom section 13, fragmentarily shown.
A modified bottom section is further shown at 127 in Figure 13 to define a bend in the sewer pipe connections designated by the channel 129 which is formed in the floor surface. This includes the series of six channel elementsfive being triangulĂ r shape at 37 and one being rectangular shape at 39. These define generally the obtuse angle in the floor channel 129 which is formed for the passage through the manhole between the obtuse angularly related pipe sections 23 and 67.
Figure 14 is a fragmentary vertical section of the channel element 37 of Figure 3 which includes bottom portion 41 and the inset top portion 43 defining the ledge 45 as further shown in Figure 3.
A modified channel element is shown at 131 in Figure 15 and in vertical cross-section has in addition to the bottom portion 41 and the top portion 43 the intermediate and inset portion 130 defining an intermediate ledge 135.
In the pouring of the flooring 59 over the assembled channel elements the poured concrete is adapted for cooperative.registry with ledge 45 or the series of ledges 45 and 135.
~L~79~5~
' Fi~ure 16 ~ra~mentarily shows in vertical section a slightly different form of channel element which has an exterior surface which is convex as shown at 137.
A further modified vertical section of channel elem~nt is shown at 141 which includes the lower concaYe surface 143 and the merging top convex surface 145. Figures 15, 16 and 17 are merely illustrative of different cross-sectional shapes which the filler channel elements may employ.
The primary function of the respective pre-formed channel elements as they are assembled upon the base 17 OI the bottom section of the manhole is to serve as fillers to occupy space and at the same time define the basic channel 58 to establish communication between at least a pair of sewer conduits or a plurality of sewer conduits.
The flooring which is poured into the cylindrical bottom section fills the apertures 47 in the respective elements, fills the interstices between the respective elements and the spaces between the elements and the wall of the bottom section and further overlies the assembled group of channel elements to complete the flooring such as shown at 35 in Figure 1. The respective communicating upwardly opening channel is formed in the top surface of $he flooring so as to establish fluid communication between the respective inlets and ou$1ets of the corresponding sewer pipes.
The pr~formed channel elements 37 and 39 may be made from any suitable material such as precast concrete, aluminum, etc., in addition to the plastic and styrofoam materials mentioned previously. The material utilized must withstand the loads and forces encountered in a manhole.
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SUMMARY OF THE INYENTION
An important feature of the invention is that in the formation of the concrete flooring for the bottom section of a manhole construction there is first loosely positioned upon the bottom wall of the bottom section a plurality of pre-formed channel elements of polygonal shape and of plastic material and of a uniform height. These are mounted upon and around the bottom wall and adjacent to the side wall.
It is a further feature to arrange the channel elements so as to define a first channel which extends between the wall inlets and outlets and wherein the channel elements have a plurality of upright apertures extending therethrough.
The flooring is completed by the pouring of concrete over the filler channel elements filling all of the apertures in the channel elements andthe interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and the side wall and further filling the first channel so as to overlie the channel elements and to provide a flooring above the channel elements. A concave floor channel is formed in the top of the concrete fioor lining, and is in registry with the first channel and at its ends communicates with the inlet and outlet openings.
It is a further feature of the present invention to provide as a part of the flooring for the cylindrical bottom section of a sewer manhole a series of pre-formed channel elerr.ents of polygonal shape and of a porous plastic material filling a substantial portion of the space over the bottom wall of the bottom section and with the flooring completed by the pouring thereover of a layer of concrete which fills all of the apertures in the channel elements and fills the interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and the side walls and partly fills the primary channel defined by adjacent walls ofthe channel element.
l~'iJgBS2 It is a further feature of the invention to provide a plurality of pre-forrned channel elements of polygonal shape such as triangular and rectangular for illustration, of a plastlc material preferably a foam plastic material and of a uniform height. These channel elements have upright side walls which define a general passageway in the flooring in registry with the inlet and outlet openings receiving sewer connections.
It is a further feature to provide as a part of the flocring a series of cylindrical columns of concrete which fill the apertures of the respective channel elements and which extend to a layer of concrete which overlies the channel elements to complete the top surface of the flooring as a unit structure.
It is a further feature of the present invention, by the use of the properly shaped and-properly positioned and located channel elements to define afiller within the flooring so that only 2096 of the concrete is needed as heretofore required to form such flooring.
These and other objects will be seen from the following specification and daims in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:
THF DRAWINGS
Fi~ure 1 is a f ragmentary vertical section of a manhole construction having a cylindrical bottom section adapted to receive the ends of sewer conduits, taken in the direction of arrows 1-1 of Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a plan sectional view thereof.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of one of the pre-formed channel elements.
~ 79~5~' ~ igure 4 is a perspective view of another of the pre-f ormed channel elements.
Figure 5 is a plan section similar to Figure 2 illustrating a four-way manhole employing four spaced channel elements.
Figure 6 is a plan view of a modified form of channel element located with respect to the side wall of the manhole fragmentarily shown.
Figure 7 is a plan section similar to Figure 5 showing a straight through manhole which includes six channel elements.
Figure 8 is a fragmentary plan view of a modified form of channel element with its - straight side adjacent the inner wall of the manhole, fragmentarily shown.
Figure 9 is a plan section similar to Figure 7 illustrating a dead-end manhole and employing seven channel elements.
Figure 10 is a plan view of a modified channel element of triangular shape with rounded corners spaced with respect to an adjacent manhole wall, fragmentarily shown.
Figure 11 is a plan section similar to Figure 9 illustrating a three-way manhole and employing five channel elements.
Figure 12 is a plan view of a different form of channel element of triangular shape with one straight side spaced adjacent the manhole side wall fragmentarily shown.
~-~ 79135~
Figure 13 is a plan section similar to Figure 11 showing a bend in a manhole channel and employing six channel elements.
Figure 14 is a fragmentary vertical section of the channel element of Figures 3 or 4.
- Figure 15 is a ~ragmentary vertical section of a modified cross-section showing a pair of spaced inset leclges.
Figure 16 is a fragmentary vertical section of a modified channel elernent having a convex outer surface.
Figure 17 is a fragmentary section of a modified channel element which includes a lower concave portion and an upper convex portion.
It will be understood that the above drawings illustrate merely preferred embodiments of the invention, and that other embodiments are contemplated within the scope of the claims hereafter set forth.
DESCRIPllON OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INYENllON
Referring to ~he drawings Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, a manhole construction generally indicated at 11 which has a cylindrical bottom section 13of concrete having an annular side wall 15 and a bottom wall 17. The sewer manhole including a series of aligned interlocked concrete sections such as shown in Figure 1 is adapted for placement within the ground upon the excavated ground surface 1'3, and with respect to the wall 21 of a filled hole forming a part of the excavatiorl.
A portion of a first sewer pipe 23 is f~agmentarily shown as extending loosely into and through the wall 15 within an inlet opening 25 therein and sealed with respect to the wall opening by an annular flexible seal 27 of suitable material such as PVC or other plastic sealer. A second sewer pipe fragmentarily shown at 29, Figure 2, extends through a second outlet opening 30 within wall 15 and is suitably sealed therein as at 27.
First sewer pipe 23 has an inlet 31 upon the interior of the bottom section 15 and the second sewer pipe 29 has an outlet opening 33 which communicates with the interior of the bottom section 13; Both of the openings 25 and 30 are normally spaced above the bottom wall 17 and with respect to the present floor assembly 35.
A flooring is provided upon the bottom wall 17 and which includes a series of pre-located pre-formed channel elements 37 and 39 of polygonal shapeand of a plastic material and of uniform height. These channel elements are of alightweight pourous construction normally made of a foam plastic construction ora styrofoam and are mounted upon and around the bottom wall 17 and adjacent `
the side wall 15 in the manner shown in Figure 2. The channel elements are loosely spaced upon the bottom wall side-to-side or edge-to-edge so that an inner wall of some of the elements is aligned with the inner wall of adjacent elementsand is spaced from the inner wall of other opposed elements to define a first channel which underlies and extends between the inlet and outlet openings 25 and 30.
Channel element 37 has a base portion 41 of triangular shape and a top portion 43 also of triangular shape which at its sides is inset from the sides of the base portion to define the continuous ledge 45 between the base and top portions.
~l~9~S~
A series of spaced bores 47, preferably cylindrical, extend through the channel elements 37 and 39. The triangular channel elements 37 have truncated corners 49 upon the base thereof and the corner portions of the top members are similarly truncated at 51. Thus the ledge 45 is continuous around the periphery of the channel element 37.
The second form of channel element 39 is generally rectangular, includes a base portion 53 and thereover an inset top portion 55 defining ledges 57 at opposite ends of the channel element.
The channel elements are of lightweight porous plastic construction and are arranged loosely upon the bottom wall 17 of the bottom section as in Figures 1 and 2 closely spaced with respect to ~he sidë wall 15 and spaced with respect to each other. Thus one wall or corner of the respective pre-located channel elements together with opposing walls define first general channel 58 which extends between the inlet opening 25, Figure 1, and the outlet opening 30. This first channel underlies and extends between said inlet and outlet openings.
The flooring is completed by a layer of concrete 59 which is poured into the bottom section, which fills the respective channel element apertures 47, fills the interstices between adjacent channel elements and the spaces between side walls of the channel elements and the corresponding wall 15 of the bottom section of the sewer manhole.
The concrete is poured to a depth so as to overlie the respective channel elements as shown in Figure 1 and partly fills first channel 58 defined by the above cooperating sides of the channel elements.
9~
Within the concrete fill 59, there is formed before it has hardened the elongated channel 61 generally concave in cross-section and extending to a height at least 1/2 the height of the sewer pipe inlets and outlets 31, 33.
In the illustrative embodiment the concave floor channel 61 overlies channel 58 defined by the adjacent aligned and opposed sides of the channel elements and provides a communicating passage which extends between the sewer pipes 23 and 29.
In the illustrative embodiment top edges of the open-top channel 61 extend up to at least 1/2 the height of the sewer pipes. It is contemplated that channel 61 could be of a height the same as the diameter of the sewer pipes 23, 29, fragmentarily shown, and which project into the cylindrical bottom section of the manhole and for passage of sewage through the manhole.
The top surface of the flooring is sloped as at 63 towards the floor cha`nnel 61 and provides a floor for a workman to stand for inspecting the sewer connections or employing tools for cleaning out blocked portions of either of the sewer pipes- whlch project into the bottom section of the manhole.
By the use of the series of pre-located channel elements 37, 39 upon the bottom wall 17 a considerable amount of concrete is saved. It is estimated that approximately 20% concrete is all that is needed compared to the conventional construction wherein the flooring consisted entirely of concrete from the bottom wall 17 up to the sloped flooring at 63.
A modified manhole bottom section is designated at 65 in Figure 5 which shows the corresponding sewer pipe 67 projecting into a corresponding inlet opening 69 and suitably sealed therein. A fourth sewer pipe 71, ~ 1'7~8$;~
fragmentarily shown, extends through an additional spaced outlet or inlet opening 73 within wall 15 and is suitably sealed therein.
There are four channel elements 37 employed in the modification of Figure 5 for the four-way passage manhole construction and wherein the basic channel 58 defined by inner walls of the channel elements is of cross-shape.
The floor channel shown at 75 is similarly of cross-shape, overlies channel 58 defined by the respective channel element, opens upwardly and provides communication between the inner ends of the respective sewer pipes to establish communication and the passage of sewage through the base of the manhole such as shown by the arrows, for illustration only.
A slightly modified form of channel element is designated at 77 in Figure 6, of generally triangular shape but having a pair of outer wall portions 99 which extend at an obtuse angle to each other and are dosely spaced with respect to the wall 15 of the manhole bottom section, fragmentarily shown.
A further modified manhole bottom section is designated at 101 in Figure 7 of the straight pass-through type and wherein the respective sewer conduits 23 and 29 are in alignment. The communicating floor channel ~03 is formed in the concrete flooring so as to extend between and communicate with the sewer pipe sections 23 and 29 for transmitting sewage through the channel 103 such as shown by the arrows. In this construction there are employed four channel elements 37 and a pair of opposed spaced channel elements 39 to define the straight line channel.
Figure 8 shows in plan a modified shape of channel element 105 which has a generally semi-circular wall lO7 and one flat wall 108 which is spaced adjacent to the side wall 15 of the bottom section 13 which is fragmentarily shown.
~ 7~8~
Figure 9 is a similar plan section of a modified bottom section 109 referred to as a dead-end manhole since there is no passage therethrough. In this case there is a single inlet aperture 25 in the side wall 15. The end of sewer pipe 23 projects through aperture 25 and is sealed therein at 27.
A series of seven spaced channel elements of both types 37 and 39 are arranged in a convenient manne. upon the bottom wall 17 of the cylindrical bottom section so that their sides generally define a channel 58 which extends radially of and communicates with sewer pipe 23. On completion of the flooring with the pouring of the concrete 59 over the pre-arranged channel elements there is formed in the top surface thereof the upwardly opening strai~ht U-shaped channel lll which extends substantially past the center of the manhole section and communicates with the outlet 31 of sewer pipe 23. There could be a removable plug 113 applied to the inlet end of the sewer pipe 23, if desired. Itcan be assumed that in use normally the dead-end manhole is provided for connection to the sewer pipe 23 but that sewage normally is not passing therethrough.
Figure 10 is a fragmentary plan view of a slightly modified triangularly shaped channel element 115 with rounded corners and- having an arcuate wall 117 which is spaced dosely with respect to the side wall 15 of the bottom section 13, which is fragmentarily shown. This channel element nevertheless has the inset top portion to define the peripheral ledge 45 the same as above-described with respect to channel element 37.
A slightly modified cylindrical bottom section for a manhole construction is shown at 119 in Figure 11 which is in the form of a three-way manhole construction.
117g~5~
In this arrangement of the flooring for the manhole bottom section there are employed four triangularly shaped channel elements 37 and a single rectangular channel element 39 so that there is defined in the top surface of the concrete flooring the channel 121 of T-shape adapted for registry with the respective sewer pipe segments shown at 23, 29 and 71.
A modified channel elemlent 123 is shown in plan in Figure 12, of triangular shape and wherein the hypotenuse side 125 is closely spaced with respect to the wall 15 of the bottom section 13, fragmentarily shown.
A modified bottom section is further shown at 127 in Figure 13 to define a bend in the sewer pipe connections designated by the channel 129 which is formed in the floor surface. This includes the series of six channel elementsfive being triangulĂ r shape at 37 and one being rectangular shape at 39. These define generally the obtuse angle in the floor channel 129 which is formed for the passage through the manhole between the obtuse angularly related pipe sections 23 and 67.
Figure 14 is a fragmentary vertical section of the channel element 37 of Figure 3 which includes bottom portion 41 and the inset top portion 43 defining the ledge 45 as further shown in Figure 3.
A modified channel element is shown at 131 in Figure 15 and in vertical cross-section has in addition to the bottom portion 41 and the top portion 43 the intermediate and inset portion 130 defining an intermediate ledge 135.
In the pouring of the flooring 59 over the assembled channel elements the poured concrete is adapted for cooperative.registry with ledge 45 or the series of ledges 45 and 135.
~L~79~5~
' Fi~ure 16 ~ra~mentarily shows in vertical section a slightly different form of channel element which has an exterior surface which is convex as shown at 137.
A further modified vertical section of channel elem~nt is shown at 141 which includes the lower concaYe surface 143 and the merging top convex surface 145. Figures 15, 16 and 17 are merely illustrative of different cross-sectional shapes which the filler channel elements may employ.
The primary function of the respective pre-formed channel elements as they are assembled upon the base 17 OI the bottom section of the manhole is to serve as fillers to occupy space and at the same time define the basic channel 58 to establish communication between at least a pair of sewer conduits or a plurality of sewer conduits.
The flooring which is poured into the cylindrical bottom section fills the apertures 47 in the respective elements, fills the interstices between the respective elements and the spaces between the elements and the wall of the bottom section and further overlies the assembled group of channel elements to complete the flooring such as shown at 35 in Figure 1. The respective communicating upwardly opening channel is formed in the top surface of $he flooring so as to establish fluid communication between the respective inlets and ou$1ets of the corresponding sewer pipes.
The pr~formed channel elements 37 and 39 may be made from any suitable material such as precast concrete, aluminum, etc., in addition to the plastic and styrofoam materials mentioned previously. The material utilized must withstand the loads and forces encountered in a manhole.
Claims (26)
I CLAIM:
1. In a sewer manhole construction having a cylindrical bottom section adapted for placement within the ground at a pre-determined depth, and having bottom and side walls;
there being spaced inlet and outlet openings in said side wall above said bottom wall adapted to receive the ends of sewer conduits;
the improvement comprising a flooring upon said bottom wall, said flooring including a plurality of pre-formed channel elements of polygonal shapeand of uniform height, mounted upon and around said bottom wall adjacent said side wall, one inner wall of each element registering with the inner walls of adjacent elements and spaced from the inner wall of opposed elements to generally define a first channel underlying and interconnecting said inlet and outlet openings;
each channel element having a plurality of upright apertures extending therethrough;
and a layer of concrete filling all of said apertures and the interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and side wall, partly filling said first channel and overlying said channel elementsproviding a flooring above the channel elements;
there being a concave floor channel formed in the top of said concrete flooring in registry with said first channel and at its ends communicating with said inlet and outlet openings.
there being spaced inlet and outlet openings in said side wall above said bottom wall adapted to receive the ends of sewer conduits;
the improvement comprising a flooring upon said bottom wall, said flooring including a plurality of pre-formed channel elements of polygonal shapeand of uniform height, mounted upon and around said bottom wall adjacent said side wall, one inner wall of each element registering with the inner walls of adjacent elements and spaced from the inner wall of opposed elements to generally define a first channel underlying and interconnecting said inlet and outlet openings;
each channel element having a plurality of upright apertures extending therethrough;
and a layer of concrete filling all of said apertures and the interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and side wall, partly filling said first channel and overlying said channel elementsproviding a flooring above the channel elements;
there being a concave floor channel formed in the top of said concrete flooring in registry with said first channel and at its ends communicating with said inlet and outlet openings.
2. In the manhole construction of claim 1, said floor channel at one end being of a height at least 1/2 the diameter of the adjacent sewer conduit end.
3. In the manhole construction of claim 1, said floor channel being of a height at least 1/2 the height of the adjacent sewer conduit ends.
4. In the manhole construction of claim 1, said sewer conduit ends projecting through said inlet and outlet respectively, and sealing means betweensaid conduit ends and side wall.
5. In the manhole construction of claim 1, the concrete filling the channel element apertures defining a series of concrete columns within said channel elements and terminating in the top of said flooring.
6. In the manhole construction of claim 1, said channel elements being of a shape to loosely fill the space between the side walls and arranged side-by-side to define said first channel.
7. In the manhole construction of claim 6, said channel elements being generally triangular and rectangular respectively.
8. In the manhole construction of claim 1, said channel elements having a base portion and a top portion inset along some sides to provide a ledge between said base and top portions.
9. In the manhole construction of claim 1, said channel elements being of styrofoam.
10. In the manhole construction of claim 7, the triangular channel elements and rectangular elements being placed so as to form the corners and sides of the floor channel.
11. In the manhole construction of claim 1, some of said channel elements being triangular, each triangular element having a base portion and a top portion inset along its sides from the sides of the base portion to define acontinuous ledge around said channel element between said base and top portions.
12. In the manhole construction of claim 11, the corners of the base and top portions being truncated.
13. In the manhole construction of claim 1, some of said channel elements being rectangular having a base portion and a top portion, opposite ends of the top portion being inset from the corresponding ends of the base portion defining a ledge at opposite ends of said channel element between said base and top portions.
14. In the manhole construction of claim 1, there being four inlet and outlet openings spaced around said side wall;
each receiving an end of a sewer conduit, the channel elements being triangular and spaced with their sides and corners arranged to define a first channel of cross-shape, the concrete floor channel being similarly shaped.
each receiving an end of a sewer conduit, the channel elements being triangular and spaced with their sides and corners arranged to define a first channel of cross-shape, the concrete floor channel being similarly shaped.
15. In the manhole construction of claim 1, said inlet and outlet openings extending at right angles to each other.
16. In the manhole construction of claim 1, said inlet and outlet openings being aligned.
17. In the manhole construction of claim 1, there being three inlet and outlet openings, said floor channel being of T-shape.
18. In the manhole construction of claim 1, the axes of said inlet and outlet openings being arranged at an obtuse angle, said floor channel having a corresponding obtuse angle.
19. In the manhole construction of claim 1, some of said channel elements being triangular, and arranged so that the hypotenuse side is arranged closely adjacent the interior side wall of said bottom section.
20. In the manhole construction of claim 1, some of said channel elements being semi-circular in plan with one straight side.
21. In the manhole construction of claim 1, said channel elements having a base portion, an inset intermediate portion defining a first ledge and a top portion inset from the intermediate portion defining a second ledge.
22. In the manhole construction of claim 1, said channel elements in vertical section having a convex outer surface.
23. In the manhole construction of claim 1, said channel elements in vertical section having a lower concave portion terminating in an upper convex portion.
24. In the manhole construction of claim 1, the top surface of said flooring being sloped inwardly from opposed sides to said floor channel.
25. In a dead-end sewer manhole construction having a cylindrical bottom section adapted for placement within the ground at a pre-determined depth, and having bottom and side walls;
there being an inlet opening in said side wall above said bottom wall adapted to receive the end of a sewer conduit;
the improvement comprising a flooring upon said bottom wall, said flooring including a plurality of pre-formed channel elements of polygonal shape and of uniform height, mounted upon and around said bottom wall adjacent said side wall, one inner wall of each element registering with the inner walls of adjacent elements and spaced from the inner wall of opposed elements to generally define a first radial channel underlying said inlet opening;
each channel element having a plurality of upright apertures extending therethrough;
and a layer of concrete filling all of said apertures and the interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and side wall, partly filling said first channel and overlying said channel elements providing a flooring above the channel elements;
there being a concave floor channel formed in the top of said concrete flooring in registry with said first channel and at one end communicating with said inlet.
there being an inlet opening in said side wall above said bottom wall adapted to receive the end of a sewer conduit;
the improvement comprising a flooring upon said bottom wall, said flooring including a plurality of pre-formed channel elements of polygonal shape and of uniform height, mounted upon and around said bottom wall adjacent said side wall, one inner wall of each element registering with the inner walls of adjacent elements and spaced from the inner wall of opposed elements to generally define a first radial channel underlying said inlet opening;
each channel element having a plurality of upright apertures extending therethrough;
and a layer of concrete filling all of said apertures and the interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and side wall, partly filling said first channel and overlying said channel elements providing a flooring above the channel elements;
there being a concave floor channel formed in the top of said concrete flooring in registry with said first channel and at one end communicating with said inlet.
26. For a sewer manhole construction having a cylindrical bottom section adapted for placement within the ground at a pre-determined depth and having bottom and side walls, with inlet and outlet openings in said side walls above said bottom wall adapted to receive the ends of sewer pipes;
the improvement comprising the method of constructing a flooring for said bottom section which comprises:
assemblying a plurality of pre-formed channel elements of polygonal shape and of uniform height upon said bottom wall, said channel elements having a plurality of bores extending therethrough;
spacing said channel elements closely adjacent said side wall;
locating and arranging the channel elements to generally define a first passageway between said channel elements extending between said inlet and outlet openings;
pouring concrete into the bottom section, filling the apertures of the channel elements, filing the interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and said wall and partly filling said first passageway to a height above the channel elements equal to at least 1/2 the height of said inlet and outlet openings;
and forming a channel in the top surface of the flooring in vertical registry with said first passageway so as to extend between and interconnect said inlet and outlet openings to provide sewage passageway through said manhole.
the improvement comprising the method of constructing a flooring for said bottom section which comprises:
assemblying a plurality of pre-formed channel elements of polygonal shape and of uniform height upon said bottom wall, said channel elements having a plurality of bores extending therethrough;
spacing said channel elements closely adjacent said side wall;
locating and arranging the channel elements to generally define a first passageway between said channel elements extending between said inlet and outlet openings;
pouring concrete into the bottom section, filling the apertures of the channel elements, filing the interstices between the channel elements and between the channel elements and said wall and partly filling said first passageway to a height above the channel elements equal to at least 1/2 the height of said inlet and outlet openings;
and forming a channel in the top surface of the flooring in vertical registry with said first passageway so as to extend between and interconnect said inlet and outlet openings to provide sewage passageway through said manhole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000408030A CA1179852A (en) | 1982-07-26 | 1982-07-26 | Sewer manhole channel construction and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000408030A CA1179852A (en) | 1982-07-26 | 1982-07-26 | Sewer manhole channel construction and method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1179852A true CA1179852A (en) | 1984-12-27 |
Family
ID=4123286
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000408030A Expired CA1179852A (en) | 1982-07-26 | 1982-07-26 | Sewer manhole channel construction and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1179852A (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-07-26 CA CA000408030A patent/CA1179852A/en not_active Expired
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