CA1178074A - Flexible coupling - Google Patents
Flexible couplingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1178074A CA1178074A CA000374672A CA374672A CA1178074A CA 1178074 A CA1178074 A CA 1178074A CA 000374672 A CA000374672 A CA 000374672A CA 374672 A CA374672 A CA 374672A CA 1178074 A CA1178074 A CA 1178074A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hub
- segments
- sleeve
- elastomeric elements
- engage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/50—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members
- F16D3/64—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members comprising elastic elements arranged between substantially-radial walls of both coupling parts
- F16D3/68—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members comprising elastic elements arranged between substantially-radial walls of both coupling parts the elements being made of rubber or similar material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Steering Controls (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure Disclosed herein is an improved flexible coupling in which the torque is transmitted by elastomeric elements in compression. The structure of the present invention includes a sleeve assembly comprised of a plurality of independent arcuate elements which permits the elastomeric elements to be assembled into the coupling or removed therefrom radially.
Description
1~'7~()7~
IMPROVED FLEXIBI.E COUPLING
Background of the Invention 1. Fie]d of the Invention This invention relates to flexible couplings and, more particularly, to flexible couplings in which torque is transmitted between two shafts by means of elastomeric elements in compression.
IMPROVED FLEXIBI.E COUPLING
Background of the Invention 1. Fie]d of the Invention This invention relates to flexible couplings and, more particularly, to flexible couplings in which torque is transmitted between two shafts by means of elastomeric elements in compression.
2. Description of the P_ior ~rt Flexible couplings for transmitting torque between misaligned driving and driven shafts by means of elastomeric elements in compression are old and well known in the art, see IJ.S. Patent No. 2,~373,590. Such couplings have not only demonstrated the ability to compensate for misalignment between the driving and driven shaft but also to protect the driving and driven members from shock loading and vibration. While over the years these couplings have given good service in the field, assembly and disassembly is a difficult problem because the elastomeric elements must be inserted in the cavity formed by the sleeve and hub axially and be precompressed during the process of insertion. This problem of precompression during insertion becomes increasingly severe as the size of the coupling increases. Also, if the coupling must be disassembled, as in the case when the coupled machinery must be replaced, all the elastomeric elements are normally damaged in the process and must be replaced, thereby increasing the cost of maintenance. Further, the cost of these types of couplings has always been relatively high. For the foregoing reasons these type flexible couplings have not achieved the degree of acceptance in industry that the performance and reliability they provide would ordinarily have achieved.
Summary of the Invention The present invention overcomes the foregoing problems of the prior art by providing a flexible coupling in which the elastomeric elements can be ~, assembled into the coupling or removed therefrom radially. The elastomeric elements are inserted into the sleeve segments and assembled radially over a hub blade without the need of the degree of precompression required by the prior art. The present invention minimizes the problem of assembly and disassembly. Also, the cost of the coupling has been significantly reduced.
The sleeve element of the coupling is comprised of a plurality of segments adapted to retain the elastomeric elements in operable contact with the coupling hub which is mounted on a driving or driven shaft. The individual elements of the sleeve are mated to the rigid hub which is 10mounted on a driving or driven shaft by means of a retainer means. The retainer means is fixed to the rigid hub by means of fasteners.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is an isometric view of the coupling of the present invention in the process of being assembled;
Figure 2 is a fragmentary end view, in section of the coupling of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a fragmentary side view, in section of the coupling of Figure l;
Figure 4 is a fragmentary side view, in section, of two couplings of the 20present invention in a back-to-back arrangement;
Figure 5 is a fragmentary side view, in section, of a flywheel mounted coupling of the present invention; and Figure 6 is a fragmentary end view, in section, of an alternate embodiment of the coupling of the present invention.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment -Referring to Figure 2, the coupling of the present invention generally designated 10 is comprised of a hub 12 which is made of steel and is adapted to he keyed to .1 shaft, 14 by means of key 16. Fixed to hub 12 by a weld 18 are a l~t7~074 plurality of blades 20. It will be understood that a conventional cast hub can be used in place of this fabricated hub. In the preferred embodiment, hub 12 has five blades. As will be described below, the hub may have less or more blades than the preferred embodiment. As shown in Figure l, each blade 20 is adapted to abut the adjoining blade at interface 22. Each blade is of like length and width.
The sleeve element of the coupling is comprised of a plurality of part cylindrical or C-shaped segments 28. Segments 28 are determined by displacing a straight line parallel to itself while being perpendicular to and constantly intersecting a planar curve defined by three arcs and two lines. In the preferred embodiment, since the hub 12 has five blades 20, the sleeve is comprised of five part cylindrical metallic segments.
Each segment must be of identical axial length and at least as long as blades 20. The faces 33 and 34 thereof must be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the outer periphery 35. Each of the segments 28 are placed around the blades of hub 12 as shown in Figure 1. The segments 28 are constructed so that the angle between the straight portions 29 is slightly less than 360 divided by 5, it being understood that if more or less than 5 segments are used then the angle between the straight portions will be less than 360 divided by the number of elements. This will insure that when the segments 28 and blades 24 are assembled around hub 12 as described below, the segments 28 will contact in the area of tips 31, but when the coupling is finally assembled the straight portions 29 will mate and form interface 30 of significant area. Elastomeric elements 24 of this preferred embodiment are solid cylinders of an elastomeric material such as rubber.
0~7~
As shown in Figure 1 when a pair of elastomeric elemen~s 24 are inserted in segments 28 and segments 28 of the sleeYe are placed around the blades 20 of hub 12 a small amount of precompression is created in 7~
each element 24. The assembled hub and sleeve is now placed between retainer ring 26 and rigid hub 36, Figures 1 and 3. However, retainer ring 26 is independent of hub 12 and shaft 14. Rigid hub 36 is mounted on driven shaft 46. The assembled hub and sleeve are now fixed between the retainer ring 26 and the rigid hub 36 by means of bolts 40 which extend through openings 42 in rigid hub 36 and 44 in retainer ring 26. In the preferred embodiment five bolts are used for symmetry with the blades of the hub 12 and segments 28.
~ Retainer ring 26 and rigid hub 36 have mirror image ~ffl~crs 32 and 38.
Because of chamfers 32 and 38 and the clamping effect caused by bolts 40, the segments 28 move radially toward the axis of the coupling compressing the elastomeric elements 24 in the process of clamping. Whereas the segments 28 of the sleeve are solidly clamped between retainer ring 26 and rigid hub 36 by reason of the contact with faces 33 and 34, the hub 12 is free to move, within limits, in the axial, radial and angular directions so that the coupling can accommodate misalignment be~ween the driving and driven shafts.
It is clear from the foregoing that rotation of shaft 14 will cause rotation of hub 12 and blades 20. Torque will be transmitted from blades 20 to elastomeric elements 24 to sleeve segments 28 which are fixed to rigid hub 36.
The torque will cause rotation of hub 36 and shaft 46.
An alternative embodiment of the coupling is shown in Figure 4 when two such couplings are used to correct relatively large misalignments. This arrangement is known in the art as "full flex". In this embodiment driving hub 12 transmits the torque to a driven hub 48 through two couplings as described in the preferred embodiment minus the rigid hubs but interconnected by a common plate 50. In this embodiment the bolts 40 of each coupling are threaded in staggered and tapped holes 52 of said plate 50. Plate 50 has chamfered guides 07'~
54 and 56 on both sides to accommodate the cylindrical segments 28 of the sleeves as previously described. In order to maintain a reasonable dynamic balance guide bushings 56 may be used bstween retainer rings 26 and hubs 12 and 48.
Another embodiment of the coupling of the present invention is used in connection with internal combustion engines. The coupling is mounted on the engine's flywheel 58, as illustrated in Figure 5. An adapter 60 is bolted to the flywheel 58 in a conventional manner. The adaptor, which acts as a rigid hub, is provided with chamfered guides 62 and tapped holes 64. Cylindrical segments 28 are fitted in the same manner as previously described, using retainer ring 26 and bolts 40. The torque from the flywheel is thus trans-mitted to the shaft 14 through the hub 12.
It is known that the present invention could be embodied in a configura-tion other than a circular one. One such configuration is illustrated in Figure 6.
If desired in any embo~iment of the present invsntion, a continuous cir-cumferential band 66 can be welded to the outside circumference of the elements 28, as shown typically in Figure 3. It will be understood, however, that use of band 66 eliminates the advantage of radial assembly of the elastomeric elements but the cost benefit of the invention is retained.
While I have described certain preferred embodiments of my invention, it will be understood that it may otherwise bs embodied within the scope of the following claims.
Summary of the Invention The present invention overcomes the foregoing problems of the prior art by providing a flexible coupling in which the elastomeric elements can be ~, assembled into the coupling or removed therefrom radially. The elastomeric elements are inserted into the sleeve segments and assembled radially over a hub blade without the need of the degree of precompression required by the prior art. The present invention minimizes the problem of assembly and disassembly. Also, the cost of the coupling has been significantly reduced.
The sleeve element of the coupling is comprised of a plurality of segments adapted to retain the elastomeric elements in operable contact with the coupling hub which is mounted on a driving or driven shaft. The individual elements of the sleeve are mated to the rigid hub which is 10mounted on a driving or driven shaft by means of a retainer means. The retainer means is fixed to the rigid hub by means of fasteners.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is an isometric view of the coupling of the present invention in the process of being assembled;
Figure 2 is a fragmentary end view, in section of the coupling of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a fragmentary side view, in section of the coupling of Figure l;
Figure 4 is a fragmentary side view, in section, of two couplings of the 20present invention in a back-to-back arrangement;
Figure 5 is a fragmentary side view, in section, of a flywheel mounted coupling of the present invention; and Figure 6 is a fragmentary end view, in section, of an alternate embodiment of the coupling of the present invention.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment -Referring to Figure 2, the coupling of the present invention generally designated 10 is comprised of a hub 12 which is made of steel and is adapted to he keyed to .1 shaft, 14 by means of key 16. Fixed to hub 12 by a weld 18 are a l~t7~074 plurality of blades 20. It will be understood that a conventional cast hub can be used in place of this fabricated hub. In the preferred embodiment, hub 12 has five blades. As will be described below, the hub may have less or more blades than the preferred embodiment. As shown in Figure l, each blade 20 is adapted to abut the adjoining blade at interface 22. Each blade is of like length and width.
The sleeve element of the coupling is comprised of a plurality of part cylindrical or C-shaped segments 28. Segments 28 are determined by displacing a straight line parallel to itself while being perpendicular to and constantly intersecting a planar curve defined by three arcs and two lines. In the preferred embodiment, since the hub 12 has five blades 20, the sleeve is comprised of five part cylindrical metallic segments.
Each segment must be of identical axial length and at least as long as blades 20. The faces 33 and 34 thereof must be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the outer periphery 35. Each of the segments 28 are placed around the blades of hub 12 as shown in Figure 1. The segments 28 are constructed so that the angle between the straight portions 29 is slightly less than 360 divided by 5, it being understood that if more or less than 5 segments are used then the angle between the straight portions will be less than 360 divided by the number of elements. This will insure that when the segments 28 and blades 24 are assembled around hub 12 as described below, the segments 28 will contact in the area of tips 31, but when the coupling is finally assembled the straight portions 29 will mate and form interface 30 of significant area. Elastomeric elements 24 of this preferred embodiment are solid cylinders of an elastomeric material such as rubber.
0~7~
As shown in Figure 1 when a pair of elastomeric elemen~s 24 are inserted in segments 28 and segments 28 of the sleeYe are placed around the blades 20 of hub 12 a small amount of precompression is created in 7~
each element 24. The assembled hub and sleeve is now placed between retainer ring 26 and rigid hub 36, Figures 1 and 3. However, retainer ring 26 is independent of hub 12 and shaft 14. Rigid hub 36 is mounted on driven shaft 46. The assembled hub and sleeve are now fixed between the retainer ring 26 and the rigid hub 36 by means of bolts 40 which extend through openings 42 in rigid hub 36 and 44 in retainer ring 26. In the preferred embodiment five bolts are used for symmetry with the blades of the hub 12 and segments 28.
~ Retainer ring 26 and rigid hub 36 have mirror image ~ffl~crs 32 and 38.
Because of chamfers 32 and 38 and the clamping effect caused by bolts 40, the segments 28 move radially toward the axis of the coupling compressing the elastomeric elements 24 in the process of clamping. Whereas the segments 28 of the sleeve are solidly clamped between retainer ring 26 and rigid hub 36 by reason of the contact with faces 33 and 34, the hub 12 is free to move, within limits, in the axial, radial and angular directions so that the coupling can accommodate misalignment be~ween the driving and driven shafts.
It is clear from the foregoing that rotation of shaft 14 will cause rotation of hub 12 and blades 20. Torque will be transmitted from blades 20 to elastomeric elements 24 to sleeve segments 28 which are fixed to rigid hub 36.
The torque will cause rotation of hub 36 and shaft 46.
An alternative embodiment of the coupling is shown in Figure 4 when two such couplings are used to correct relatively large misalignments. This arrangement is known in the art as "full flex". In this embodiment driving hub 12 transmits the torque to a driven hub 48 through two couplings as described in the preferred embodiment minus the rigid hubs but interconnected by a common plate 50. In this embodiment the bolts 40 of each coupling are threaded in staggered and tapped holes 52 of said plate 50. Plate 50 has chamfered guides 07'~
54 and 56 on both sides to accommodate the cylindrical segments 28 of the sleeves as previously described. In order to maintain a reasonable dynamic balance guide bushings 56 may be used bstween retainer rings 26 and hubs 12 and 48.
Another embodiment of the coupling of the present invention is used in connection with internal combustion engines. The coupling is mounted on the engine's flywheel 58, as illustrated in Figure 5. An adapter 60 is bolted to the flywheel 58 in a conventional manner. The adaptor, which acts as a rigid hub, is provided with chamfered guides 62 and tapped holes 64. Cylindrical segments 28 are fitted in the same manner as previously described, using retainer ring 26 and bolts 40. The torque from the flywheel is thus trans-mitted to the shaft 14 through the hub 12.
It is known that the present invention could be embodied in a configura-tion other than a circular one. One such configuration is illustrated in Figure 6.
If desired in any embo~iment of the present invsntion, a continuous cir-cumferential band 66 can be welded to the outside circumference of the elements 28, as shown typically in Figure 3. It will be understood, however, that use of band 66 eliminates the advantage of radial assembly of the elastomeric elements but the cost benefit of the invention is retained.
While I have described certain preferred embodiments of my invention, it will be understood that it may otherwise bs embodied within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An improved flexible coupling for transmitting torque between a driving and driven shaft, comprising:
(a) a plurality of elastomeric elements;
(b) first hub means adapted to be fixed to a shaft, said first hub having a plurality of blade means adapted to engage said elastomeric element;
(c) sleeve means comprised of a plurality of segments, each of said segments adapted to be positioned radially toward said blades of said first hub to maintain a plurality of said elastomeric elements in engagement with a blade of said first hub during rotation of said coupling;
(d) retainer means having chamfered guide means adapted to engage said sleeve elements; and (e) second hub means adapted to be fixed to a second shaft placed in substantial alignment with said first shaft, said second hub having chamfered guide means adapted to engage said sleeve elements and being fixed to said retainer means by fastening means, whereby rotation of one of said hubs will cause rotation of the other hub through said elastomeric elements.
(a) a plurality of elastomeric elements;
(b) first hub means adapted to be fixed to a shaft, said first hub having a plurality of blade means adapted to engage said elastomeric element;
(c) sleeve means comprised of a plurality of segments, each of said segments adapted to be positioned radially toward said blades of said first hub to maintain a plurality of said elastomeric elements in engagement with a blade of said first hub during rotation of said coupling;
(d) retainer means having chamfered guide means adapted to engage said sleeve elements; and (e) second hub means adapted to be fixed to a second shaft placed in substantial alignment with said first shaft, said second hub having chamfered guide means adapted to engage said sleeve elements and being fixed to said retainer means by fastening means, whereby rotation of one of said hubs will cause rotation of the other hub through said elastomeric elements.
2. The flexible coupling of Claim 1 wherein said segments of said sleeve means are C-shaped in cross section.
3. The flexible coupling of Claim 2 wherein the outside peripheries of said segments are operably connected.
4. An improved flexible coupling for transmitting torque between a driving and driven shaft, comprising;
(a) a plurality of elastomeric elements;
(b) first hub means adapted to be fixed to a first shaft, said first hub having a plurality of blade means adapted to engage said elastomeric elements;
(c) sleeve means comprised of a plurality of segments, each of said segments adapted to be positioned radially toward said blades of said first hub to maintain a plurality of said elastomeric elements in engagement with a blade of said hub during rotation to said coupling;
(d) retainer means having chamfered guide means adapted to engage said segments of said sleeve;
(e) second hub means adapted to be fixed to a second shaft in substantial alignment with first shaft, said second hub means having a plurality of blade means adapted to engage said elastomeric elements;
(f) second sleeve means comprised of a plurality of segments, each of said segments adapted to be positioned radially, said blades of said second hub maintaining a plurality of said elastomeric elements in engagement with a blade means of said second hub;
(g) second retainer means having chamfered guide means adapted to engage said segments of said second sleeve; and (h) plate means having chamfered guide means adapted to receive said segments of said first and second sleeve means and being fixed to said first and second retainer means by fastening means, whereby rotation of one of said hubs will cause rotation of the other hub through elastomeric elements.
(a) a plurality of elastomeric elements;
(b) first hub means adapted to be fixed to a first shaft, said first hub having a plurality of blade means adapted to engage said elastomeric elements;
(c) sleeve means comprised of a plurality of segments, each of said segments adapted to be positioned radially toward said blades of said first hub to maintain a plurality of said elastomeric elements in engagement with a blade of said hub during rotation to said coupling;
(d) retainer means having chamfered guide means adapted to engage said segments of said sleeve;
(e) second hub means adapted to be fixed to a second shaft in substantial alignment with first shaft, said second hub means having a plurality of blade means adapted to engage said elastomeric elements;
(f) second sleeve means comprised of a plurality of segments, each of said segments adapted to be positioned radially, said blades of said second hub maintaining a plurality of said elastomeric elements in engagement with a blade means of said second hub;
(g) second retainer means having chamfered guide means adapted to engage said segments of said second sleeve; and (h) plate means having chamfered guide means adapted to receive said segments of said first and second sleeve means and being fixed to said first and second retainer means by fastening means, whereby rotation of one of said hubs will cause rotation of the other hub through elastomeric elements.
5. The flexible coupling of Claim 4 wherein said segments of said first and second sleeve means are C-shaped in cross section.
6. The flexible coupling of Claim 5 wherein the outside peripheries of said first and second segments are interconnected.
7. A flexible coupling for transmitting torque from a flywheel to a driven shaft, comprising;
(a) a plurality of elastomeric elements;
(b) hub means adapted to be fixed to a driven shaft, said hub having a plurality of blade means adapted to engage said elastomeric elements;
(c) sleeve means comprised of a plurality of segments, each of said segments adapted to be positioned radially toward said blades of said hub to maintain a plurality of said elastomeric elements in engagement with a blade means of said hub during rotation of said coupling;
(d) retainer means having chamfered guide means adapted to engage said segments of said sleeve; and (e) adapter means fixed to said flywheel, said adapter means having chamfered means adapted to receive said segments of said sleeve and being fixed to said retainer means by fastening means.
(a) a plurality of elastomeric elements;
(b) hub means adapted to be fixed to a driven shaft, said hub having a plurality of blade means adapted to engage said elastomeric elements;
(c) sleeve means comprised of a plurality of segments, each of said segments adapted to be positioned radially toward said blades of said hub to maintain a plurality of said elastomeric elements in engagement with a blade means of said hub during rotation of said coupling;
(d) retainer means having chamfered guide means adapted to engage said segments of said sleeve; and (e) adapter means fixed to said flywheel, said adapter means having chamfered means adapted to receive said segments of said sleeve and being fixed to said retainer means by fastening means.
8. The flexible coupling of Claim 7 wherein said segments of said sleeve means are C-shaped in cross section.
9. The flexible coupling of Claim 8 wherein the outside peripheries of said segments are operably connected.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14625380A | 1980-05-05 | 1980-05-05 | |
US146,253 | 1980-05-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1178074A true CA1178074A (en) | 1984-11-20 |
Family
ID=22516518
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000374672A Expired CA1178074A (en) | 1980-05-05 | 1981-04-03 | Flexible coupling |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS56156524A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1178074A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3113813A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2481769A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2075151B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1142422B (en) |
NL (1) | NL8101893A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA812205B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN85101485B (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1987-03-11 | 成都无缝钢管厂 | Safety shaft coupling with rubber-elasticity for heavy torque |
GB201209060D0 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2012-07-04 | Renold Plc | A flexible coupling |
DE102013004583A1 (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2014-09-18 | Centa-Antriebe Kirschey Gmbh | elastic shaft coupling |
DE102013005142B4 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2019-03-28 | Delta Antriebstechnik GmbH | Claw coupling with an elastically einfederbaren tooth element |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR53050E (en) * | 1943-07-20 | 1945-09-06 | Kattwinkel | Cardan shaft |
US2873590A (en) * | 1955-12-16 | 1959-02-17 | Louis P Croset | Flexible couplings, dampers, gearwheels and like devices |
JPS441131Y1 (en) * | 1965-02-15 | 1969-01-17 | ||
JPS447451Y1 (en) * | 1966-02-28 | 1969-03-20 | ||
US3675750A (en) * | 1970-12-08 | 1972-07-11 | Koppers Co Inc | Flexible centrifugal clutch coupling |
-
1981
- 1981-03-31 JP JP4830181A patent/JPS56156524A/en active Pending
- 1981-04-02 ZA ZA00812205A patent/ZA812205B/en unknown
- 1981-04-03 CA CA000374672A patent/CA1178074A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-06 DE DE19813113813 patent/DE3113813A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-04-15 FR FR8107584A patent/FR2481769A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-04-16 NL NL8101893A patent/NL8101893A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-05-01 GB GB8113488A patent/GB2075151B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-05 IT IT48396/81A patent/IT1142422B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS56156524A (en) | 1981-12-03 |
FR2481769A1 (en) | 1981-11-06 |
GB2075151A (en) | 1981-11-11 |
IT8148396A0 (en) | 1981-05-05 |
GB2075151B (en) | 1984-05-02 |
IT1142422B (en) | 1986-10-08 |
NL8101893A (en) | 1981-12-01 |
ZA812205B (en) | 1982-04-28 |
DE3113813A1 (en) | 1982-01-28 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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MKEX | Expiry |