CA1174428A - Modular-skeleton type building - Google Patents
Modular-skeleton type buildingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1174428A CA1174428A CA000427122A CA427122A CA1174428A CA 1174428 A CA1174428 A CA 1174428A CA 000427122 A CA000427122 A CA 000427122A CA 427122 A CA427122 A CA 427122A CA 1174428 A CA1174428 A CA 1174428A
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- posts
- vertical
- building
- vertical profile
- foundation
- Prior art date
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A building construction system that permits the erection of a modular-skeleton structure type building in a very short time utilizing relatively unskilled labour. The construction system utilizes a skeleton-type structure consisting of vertical metal profile posts which extend from the foundation to the horizontal roof girders in a single unit of uniform cross-section. The vertical profile posts are pierced in the vicinity of the base by at least one wire cable which extends parallel to the external walls of the building and which is passed through lower-lying holding devices. The holding devices are fixed in the foundation.
Tensioning devices are provided by means of which the wire cable can be tensioned in a downwardly-directed manner whereby pressure downwardly on the foundation is exerted on the vertical profile posts.
A building construction system that permits the erection of a modular-skeleton structure type building in a very short time utilizing relatively unskilled labour. The construction system utilizes a skeleton-type structure consisting of vertical metal profile posts which extend from the foundation to the horizontal roof girders in a single unit of uniform cross-section. The vertical profile posts are pierced in the vicinity of the base by at least one wire cable which extends parallel to the external walls of the building and which is passed through lower-lying holding devices. The holding devices are fixed in the foundation.
Tensioning devices are provided by means of which the wire cable can be tensioned in a downwardly-directed manner whereby pressure downwardly on the foundation is exerted on the vertical profile posts.
Description
7fl~8 This invention relate~ to a pre-fabricated house con~truction and more particularly a modular-sk0leton structure building construction that can be quickly assembled from a relatively small number of pre-fabricated compc~nents with a minimurn input of unskilled labour.
E~ACK~ROUND OF TtlE INVENTION
.
There is a strong need in the building construction industry, and particularly the private home construction industry, for a simple, high quality, rigid, ~tahle, ~torm and earthquake-proof building construction sy~tem that utilizes relatively few long lastirlg components and permit~ rapid building erection time involvi~g basically unskilled labour. Existing building con~truction systems in the industrialized world are expensive, complicated, labour intensive and time consurJIing to erect.
SUMMARY OE Ttl INVI~ TIOW
~rh~ applicant' fi modular-ske1etvn structure 20 buil~ing construc~ion ~y~teM co~npriaes a skeleton construction combined wi ~h grid elements . The materials o~ con~truc~ion are mainly long lasti ng and s~urdy non-corrodable metals, plastic~ and naturally occuring and ~ynthetic material~. The ~ystem is ver~atile in that the rnodular-type components permit a wide range of individual cu~tom de~igns to be constructed. The materials uaed to con~truct the building are relatively few in nurnber and type (compared to conventional houses) and enable ailnple and rapid construction becau~e the comporlent~ are standardized and pre-fabricated.
~ ~7~42B
The applicant' 8 con~truction sy~tem i~
particularly suitable for priv~te homes (re~idential blocks, bungalows and detached house~ and for indu~trial sh~ds and camps.
The 3ystem i~ believed to be superior to known construction ~ystems because of the short construction tims involved and the quality of building that is erected. Th~ sy~tem is de~igned for easy self-assembly by basically un~killed labour, including the owner, ~ince all easy-to-follow as~embly plans and drawing~ are supplied. The systeln perlllit~ flexible d~si~ns and individual housing developmentR to be custom built to suit terr~in and individu~l tastes of con~uJIlers.
The structures erected are basically earthquake-proof, since the colnponencs are somewhat elastic in nature and neither wood nor stone is used for load-carrying elemell~s. Th~ system u~es a grid design comprising a skeleton-type structure constructed of pre-fabricated elements which can be asselnbled basically by hand. ~he grid element con~truction ~y~tenl doe~ not require the use of heavy lift equipment or a crane at the site.
The grid-type con~truction system can be disa~embled in whole ~r in par~ thereby perrnitting exten~ione or modiEications o th0 bu1lding to be made ea~ily.
Th~ ~y~tem inclu~e~ a baselllent Inade of alurninwn elements conYtructed accordiny to the ~alne systelrl a~ the ~uper structure which Ineans ~hat all component~ r~quired to construct ~n-l colnplete building ~.~7a~8 including the ba~ement, can be ~upplied by one firm. No separate bas ment contractor is required. The basement elements, by utilizing ttle same ba~ic materials, perlnit short cons~ruction time and dry constfuction corlditions. The basement includes pre-fabricated window~ and window-wells.
The basement con~truction i~ of elastic de~ign and a~ with other components of the building is earthquake-proof. Both basement and living level, including the roof, can be erected cost-effectively and without mortar by labour that i~ basically unskilled.
All al~ninwn po~ts and all basement w211 elements are of very stur~y design and feature anticapillary connections. All window~ and doors of the system have triple glazing thereby en~uring favourable K-values with minilnulll thermal conductivi~y. Windows, doors dlld shutter~ for the ;nain floor are pre-fabricated.
The con~truction system is fully suitable for coln~lete erection by the buyer. The colll~lete home, including ba~ement, living level and roof structure, can be a&selnbled in only ~ few days by ba~ically unskilLed labour following the as~embly plans, drawiny~ and simple con~ruction ord~r.
The r~y~tem i8 light-weight, very stable and of dry and hygienic d9sign. Excellent pfoperties are o~fered for countrie~ where earthquaXes are a ri~k. The ~keleton-type ~trùcture make~ substantial u0e of aluminum panel~ in a grid-type 3tructure, and i~
resistant to termite~, timber worms and decay.
r~e sy~teln can be qupplied with different ~ 3
E~ACK~ROUND OF TtlE INVENTION
.
There is a strong need in the building construction industry, and particularly the private home construction industry, for a simple, high quality, rigid, ~tahle, ~torm and earthquake-proof building construction sy~tem that utilizes relatively few long lastirlg components and permit~ rapid building erection time involvi~g basically unskilled labour. Existing building con~truction systems in the industrialized world are expensive, complicated, labour intensive and time consurJIing to erect.
SUMMARY OE Ttl INVI~ TIOW
~rh~ applicant' fi modular-ske1etvn structure 20 buil~ing construc~ion ~y~teM co~npriaes a skeleton construction combined wi ~h grid elements . The materials o~ con~truc~ion are mainly long lasti ng and s~urdy non-corrodable metals, plastic~ and naturally occuring and ~ynthetic material~. The ~ystem is ver~atile in that the rnodular-type components permit a wide range of individual cu~tom de~igns to be constructed. The materials uaed to con~truct the building are relatively few in nurnber and type (compared to conventional houses) and enable ailnple and rapid construction becau~e the comporlent~ are standardized and pre-fabricated.
~ ~7~42B
The applicant' 8 con~truction sy~tem i~
particularly suitable for priv~te homes (re~idential blocks, bungalows and detached house~ and for indu~trial sh~ds and camps.
The 3ystem i~ believed to be superior to known construction ~ystems because of the short construction tims involved and the quality of building that is erected. Th~ sy~tem is de~igned for easy self-assembly by basically un~killed labour, including the owner, ~ince all easy-to-follow as~embly plans and drawing~ are supplied. The systeln perlllit~ flexible d~si~ns and individual housing developmentR to be custom built to suit terr~in and individu~l tastes of con~uJIlers.
The structures erected are basically earthquake-proof, since the colnponencs are somewhat elastic in nature and neither wood nor stone is used for load-carrying elemell~s. Th~ system u~es a grid design comprising a skeleton-type structure constructed of pre-fabricated elements which can be asselnbled basically by hand. ~he grid element con~truction ~y~tenl doe~ not require the use of heavy lift equipment or a crane at the site.
The grid-type con~truction system can be disa~embled in whole ~r in par~ thereby perrnitting exten~ione or modiEications o th0 bu1lding to be made ea~ily.
Th~ ~y~tem inclu~e~ a baselllent Inade of alurninwn elements conYtructed accordiny to the ~alne systelrl a~ the ~uper structure which Ineans ~hat all component~ r~quired to construct ~n-l colnplete building ~.~7a~8 including the ba~ement, can be ~upplied by one firm. No separate bas ment contractor is required. The basement elements, by utilizing ttle same ba~ic materials, perlnit short cons~ruction time and dry constfuction corlditions. The basement includes pre-fabricated window~ and window-wells.
The basement con~truction i~ of elastic de~ign and a~ with other components of the building is earthquake-proof. Both basement and living level, including the roof, can be erected cost-effectively and without mortar by labour that i~ basically unskilled.
All al~ninwn po~ts and all basement w211 elements are of very stur~y design and feature anticapillary connections. All window~ and doors of the system have triple glazing thereby en~uring favourable K-values with minilnulll thermal conductivi~y. Windows, doors dlld shutter~ for the ;nain floor are pre-fabricated.
The con~truction system is fully suitable for coln~lete erection by the buyer. The colll~lete home, including ba~ement, living level and roof structure, can be a&selnbled in only ~ few days by ba~ically unskilLed labour following the as~embly plans, drawiny~ and simple con~ruction ord~r.
The r~y~tem i8 light-weight, very stable and of dry and hygienic d9sign. Excellent pfoperties are o~fered for countrie~ where earthquaXes are a ri~k. The ~keleton-type ~trùcture make~ substantial u0e of aluminum panel~ in a grid-type 3tructure, and i~
resistant to termite~, timber worms and decay.
r~e sy~teln can be qupplied with different ~ 3
2~
aca~e opt.ionsl eor exalnple:
~a) Pla~tic cement pla~ter fini~h (b) Buikling paneli in diff~rent colours and shapes (c~ Conve~tional tiln~er panels in different forms td) Alwninwn panels forming a vapour barrier, ~e3 Ready-l~ixe~ external pldster with glass fibre rein~orcement in all colours; and ~) Tile panelLing to form d curtain wall for decoration. This latter option is not earthquake-proof.
The grid-type con~tructiorl ~y:iteln i9 particularly well suited for the in~tallation or a~elnbly of standard ~rid mea~ure doors arld win~ow~
including shutters which do not require modifications.
The construction system includes a stairlless-steel hot-air heating ~ystem which can be 20 fired with wood. This heatiny systeln i8 ~uitable for tiled s~ove and fireplace heating underfloor and radiator heating. The system can include a reflector-ba~ed solar-collector heating sy~teln.
The construction sy~tem ~ermits ~very type of home ~orln and layout. All type~ of roof covers can be u~ed. The type to be u~ed i~ generally dependent on the built-up enviro~nent. Roof coverirlys con~isting of clay tiles, Pla~tic tile~ or concrete tiles can be u~ed. A
corrugated-aluminum roof can be ~uppl ied for earthquake-prone regions. The house system can be ~ ~74~2~
~upplied with different roof options, e.g. flat roof, flat-~addle roof, s~ddle roo, sutldeck roof, hipped roo~, hil~p~d saddle roof.
The elelnent~ for the ~ystem can be supplied on a turnkey basis, including sanitary fittings and equip-nent, lavatory and bathrooms, completely equipped kitchens, wall paper~, timber ceilings, floor carpet~, optional ceramic-tile or wood parquetr-y floors, and including the complete heating system.
The house component~ are easily transported from one location to another becau~e parts of the construction element~ can be used to crate and containexize other elelnents of the construction. This significantly reduces packaging cost4, which can be a najor expenqe item in conventional syste~
STATEMENT OF T~E INv~NlrIoN
. _ __ __ _ _ _ __ The house con~truction of the inventiorl elnuloyq a skeleton-type structure which ~onsists of vertical metal profile postq which extell~ froln the oun~ation oE the house to hori~ontal roof girders in a single unit of uniform cross-section. The roof girders are attached to the vertical metal profile post~ by means of slotted tension bolts. Tha one-piece v~rtical profile po~t~ have a cross-~ection which is e~sentially the combination of a T-~ection and a U-~ec~ion. In the lower uart of the building, ba~emerlt wall elelnent4 axtend into the vertical profile pos~s with angl~d leg~
on the in~ide o the buildiny. In this position, they are secured by a bracing tube.
~lou~e construction u~iny a ~keleton-type 2~
structure with po~t~ and horizontal girde.r~, charactaris~d in tha~ the post~ are made of lne~al an~
are single-unit vertical profile po~t~, ~upported on a foundation whose unifor~n cro~4-~ection extends fran the foundation to the hori~ontal roof girder~, the vertical profiled posts and the hori~ontal roof girder~ being interconnected by tension bolts.
A hou~e construction aB de~cribed wherein each ten~ion bolt penetrates the re~pective horizontal roof yirder and engages in a central section of the vertical profile post with it~ lower end which is split and the nut of the bolt engage~ in an opening in the central section.
A hou~e con~truction a~ described wherein heat~ ulating arld stabilizing ~im~er core~ are inserted in the upper part of the vertical profile po~t~
on the inner side of the posts.
A house constru~tion ai des~ribed wherein disa~embleable vertically arranged bdselnellt wall elelnent~ having approxilllately a U-shape hori~ontaL
cros~-section, with two ley~ extending froln the base engaging in a rece~s in the vertical profile post.
A house construction a~ de~cribed wherein the ends of the l~g~ of the basemen~ wall element~ have a U-shape bend which opens to the outside, with the legs of the neighbouring ba~ement wall element~ forming a wedge-~hape recess opening to the in~ide and the leg end~ engaging in vertical groove~ oE the vertical profile poets, being ~ecured in that position by a catch in~erted in the recess of the vertical profile po~t.
4~2~
A house con~t;ruction as descfibed wherein the basement wall element accomodate~ a pl.ate-type protec-tive element between its legs.
A house construction a~ de~cribed wherein a plur~lity of vertical profile post~ a:re perletrated at leas~ at their upper end~ by horizontal steel cable~
that brace each of the po~t~.
A hou~e con6truction a~ de~cribed wherein the horizontal floor girders re~t on the upper sides of basement wall elements and are connected with the vertical profile post~ by tension element~.
A house construction a~ described wher~in the vertical profile posts support a wall combination con~isting of one or Illore wall element.s, colnprising a facade element separating wall and an interior wall element.
A building structure of the skeleton structure type with vertical profile posts resting on a foull~ation, charact0rise~ in that the centr~1 web~ of the vertical profil~ pos~ are pierced in the vicinity of the base by at least one wire cable which extends parallel to the external walls of the building and which i~ pa~sed through lower-lying holding device~, the holding devices being Eixed in said foundation, and ten~ioning devices are provided by means of which the wire cable can be ten3ioned in a downwardly-direct0d manner whereby pres~ure downwardly on the fourldation i~
~xerted on the vertical profile po8t8.
A building ~tructure of the ~keleton ~tructure type with vertical profile po~t~ ~pacially oriented f~
around the walls, including the corner~, characteri~ed in that at lea~t the corner vertical profile posts re~t on and are guyed onto a horizontal girder, in the vicinity of ~he base of the posts by a longitu~inally slit tensioning bolt which hold~ the web of the vertical profile po~t.
A building structure as described wherein the vertical profile posts are constructed with an I shaped girder crois-section with bent out flanyes by which two of said vertical profile po~ts ~re engagable with each other wh~n juxtapo~itioned with one another in a corner location.
A building structure as described wherein the vertical profile posts have therein substantially ll-chaped hole~ spaced at interva:ls over more than hal~
the length of their web.
A building structure as de~cribed wherein the lenyth of the web~i~ at least one and one third tilnes the width of th~ parallel legs.
A building ~tructure as described wherein on both sides of the space in which the wire cable is located, wall element~ made of therlnally insulating material are placed, the outer wall elelnent being additiolldlly covexetl by a facade eleinent.
A buildin~ structure, chardcteriset1 in that bas~ en~ wall elem~n~ wi~h an approxilnately ll-shaped hori~rltal cro~s-sectiorl ar~ providel1 wllerl wdll eletnents dre j~xtapositioned to one another, the bent-out legs on the adjacent ba~ement waLl element~ defirlirl~J a V-shap~-l space, thc legs each containing a bowetl-out section for ~79~8 a terlsioniny bolt to pa~ therethrough, and the baseJnent wall elements each having a hole therein for accolno~ating a nut or a bolt-head connected to the tensioning bolt.
A building structure a~ described whereirl re~ting on the end face of two adjacent bas~lnent wall ~lements there i9 a nori~ontal floor girder through which a tensioning bolt passes, the bolt having therein a longitudinal slit at the ~op in which the central web of a vertical profile post engages.
A building structure with a roof ridge, characterised in that par~ of the building is con tructed a~ a transportation container for the remaining part~ of the building Rtructure, the transportation container being slmaller colnpared to the fini~hed building ~tructure with regard to i~s extent in the longitudinaL directiorl of the roof ridge.
A building structure as ~escribed wherein the b~se~ nt wdll elelnent~ r~t dt the ha~e on th~
oundatiorl~, the V-~haped space~ in the e]ements are o~en toward~ th~ out~ide of the building, an~ the baRement wall elements are anchored by means of oblique guying elements.
A building structure a~ de~cribed wherein a transverse bolt passe~ throu-~h the bent-out le~s of adjacellt ba~elnent wall ele)nents and the guying element i8 a wire cable which project~ into the V-Ahape~ ~pace and i~ connected to the tran~ver~e bolt.
A building ~tructure as ~escribed wherein the V-Ahaped ~pace which is open towards the out~ide of the ~ ~74~2~3 buildin~ by the bent-out legs o~ the baseln~llt wall elements is covered and maintained by a vertical rail.
DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 represents a perspective vi~w of part of the ~keleton structure of the building;
FIGURE 2 repre~ents a vertical section through one execution varian~ with interior elements;
FIGURE 3 r~presents a hofizontal section throuyh a vertical profile po~t with basemerlt wall elements attached to it;
F~GURE 4 represents a hori~ontal section through one floor girder, mounted to one vertical profile post;
FIGURE 5 represents a horizontal section taken along the line V V in FIGURE 2;
E'IGURE G repr~sents a side e1evation view of a joint variation used to attach a floor b.~n to a vertical profile post;
FIGURE 7 r~presents a plan elevation view of a v~riant of a basement floor be~n attached to a vertical profil~ post, a~ il1u~trated in FIGUR~ 6;
FICURE 8 represents a detaiL o~ the ten~ion-bolt connection;
FIGUI~ 9 r~presents a cross-section sid~
e1evatiorl view of a hou~e con~truction;
FIGU~E 10 repr~sents a detailed vertical cro~s-section view of a basement cei1in~ con~truction;
FIGURE 11 repr~ ents a detailed vertical cross-~ection view of an upper leveL bearn ~upport;
FIGURE 12 represents a detailed vertical ;~7~
cross-section view of a variation of upper level bealn support;
FIGURE 13 represents a detailed vertical cross-section view of an upper level beaZn support with a wall attac~nent;
FIGURE 14 represents a horizontal cross-section view of an exterior wall construction including a corner;
FIGUR~ 15 representri a detailed horizon~al cross-sectiorl view of an exterior wall construction, with insulation in the wall cavity;
FIGURE 16 represents a detailed horizontal cross-section view of an exterior wall construction;
F'IGURE 17 represents a perspective view of a sk~leton ~tructure with v~rtical profile posts w~lich are guyed down to the foundations by means of a wire cable;
FIGURE 1~ represel~ts a perspective illustration of an elnbodiment in which -the vertical l~rofile po ts a~e guy~ onto a fr~n~e con~istiny of profile rails;
FIGUR~ 19 represents a vertical section throu~3h a ba~e section with a floor ~irder screwed to a vertical profile post;
FIGURE 20 represents a horizontal section through a double-walled embodilnent;
FIGURE 21 repre~ents a perspective illustratiorl of the bolt connection of a ba~elllent wall part to ceilin~ bea~ns and vertical profile posts:
l~IGURE 22 represents a perspective illustratiorl in wtlich d base~ment walL ele~ rlt re~t~ ~t the base of a concrete forlnulation;
FIGURE 2~ represents a schelndtic perspective illu~tration of a buildirly s~ructure wher~: a transpor~ation eontainer ir- be i ng used to accolnodate the relnainder of the house.
Dl','l'AIhl'D D~CRIPTION OF ~MBODIM~NTS OE' '11111. lLiV~NTION
The house construction usiny the ~keleton-type de~ign according to tlle invention, as tnay be ~een in ~ICUR~ 1, includes a plurality of vertical profile posts 2 arranged in parallel grid form. These extend respectively from a foundation 3, whieh i~ preferably eonstructed of ma60nry work, to corre~ponding horizontal roof girder~ 4~ The vertieal profile posts 2 have a uniform eros~-seetion throughout, and are construc~ed of a single pieee of metal, preferably alwninurn.
The eross-seetion eonstruetion of vertical profile post 2 is shown in detail in ~IGUK~ 3. It eon~ists of an outer trallsver~e web 5, a eentre web 7, an inner tr~n~ver~e w~b 6 and paralLel l~-J~ ~ ~xtending froln the latt~r. Legq ~ have on~ U-~hape transv~r~e web 10 each at their free ends forlnill~ one vertical, longi~udinal ~roove 15 eaeh. The tWO paraLlel leg~ 8 limit a reee~s 9 whieh opens to the inside of the hous e .
The eonneetion o~ eaeh horizontal roof girder 4 with a related vertical profile po~t 2, a~ ean be jeen in E'IGURE 2, i9 Inade by rneans of a tension bolt 14, whieh penetrates the horizontal roof girder 4 in one ~ore. In the centre web 7 of edch vertieal profile post 2, clo~e to it~ upper end, there is positioned one opening 16 to take up the nut 11. The lower end of the shank of ten~ion bolt 14 ha~ a longitudinal groove which engages in the centre web 7 of the vertical profile po~t 2. The nu~ 11 is placed on the yrooved end of tension bolt 14, enyaging in opening 16. By clamping it, a force is exerted which contracts the two element~, a~ shown in detail in ~IGUR~ 6.
Rafters 18, as seen in FIGURES 1 and 2, are placed on the upper side of the horizontal roof gixders 4. In addition, there are steel cables 20 which horizontally penetrate the top of the centre webs 7 of the vertical profile posts 2 and are braced on the outside in order to provide a support for the vertical profile posts 2. Other steel cableR 20 are also located in the hori~ontal roof girders 4. The vertical profile posts 2 ar~ spaced alld braced from edch o~her pref~rably by horizorltal tension bol~.
lrl tt~ wr~ r~lly irl l~IGURE ~ arl~ in d~tail itl l~'LCUI~ 3, there are verticcllly placed baselnent wall element~ 24 along the inside of the house. These coslsist preferably of alu~ or other suitable materials an~i include a flat lLate section 26 and two legs 28 sloping downward at the ends and forming an essentially U-shape cross-section ~w}-len seen in a horizontal plane as in ~IGUR~ 3). The two legs 28 are tapered toward each other ~o that a w~-lge-shape opening 31 forms between two neighbouring basernent wall element~ 24 ~see E'IGURE 3). The individual baselnent wall elements 24 r~t against each other and their width ~ ll7~L4 Z8 is sized such that any two such basement wall elements 24 side by side car1 be arranged between two vertical profile postA 2. The ends 29 of the leys 28 o the basement wall elements 24 are bent to fo~m a U shape and engage between the two parallel legs 8 on a related vertical profile post 2, in which they are securecl by a vertical braciny tube l9. In the braced conditioll, the bent ends 29 engage in vertical grooves lS of the vertical profile posts 2, for1lle(1 by transverse tabs lO
at the ends of parallel legs 8. The bracillg tube 19 is only inserted from above ater the basement wall elements 24 have b~en installed and ensures that the basement wall element~ 24 are secured in their respective positions.
Parallel to the plate element 2G of the basement wall ele1nents 24, protective boards 34 are inserted, and these may, for example, be made of expanded plastic or impregnated corruyated cardboard.
Panel element~ 32 are installed between the inner and outer transver4e webs 5 and 6 of the vertical proile po6ts 2 and are adapted in heiyht to correspond with the terrain. Panel ele1nents 32 may be cc~nstructecl of a core of cork particles sandwiche~1 between particle board outer panel~ utilizing adhesive and considerable heat and ~ressure. ~anel elements 32 n1ay also be expand~d pol~tyrene beads sandwiche~ between illner, layer~ of pdrticle board an~ outer layer~ of aluminwn ~heetir1g utilizincJ ad11esive, hedt ar1d ~-re~ure.
In the part of the vertical proile posts 2 ~xtending above basement level, timber cores 36 are used ~'7~
in a dual manner as a reinforcement of the vertical profile posts 2 for heat insulation and fire protection.
The hori~ontal flooc girders 38 are supported by the upper edge of the basement wall elelnents 24 and preferably contain one shoulder each. E'louring is laid on floor yirders 38.
FIGU~ 4 ~hows the fa~terlincJ of one floor girder 38 to one vertical profile po~t 2. An angular tab 44 is attached to both sides of the floor girder 3 by mean~ of bolts 46 and screws 480 A U-shape bracket 42 engages in the tab 44 and is secured by nuts 43 at the ends. The bracket 42 penetrates a bore in the vertical profile post 2 in such a way that the bracket 42 is held both by the parallel legs 8 and by the centre web 7. The face 39 of the floor girder 38 is ~upported by the transverse tabA 10 at the end of the parallel legs 8, when nuts 43 have beerl Lightened.
E'ICUR~S 2 and 5 (the latter in detdi1) show a varidnt ~uitabl~ for ~uildiny~ with int~rior Eitting~.
I~ o~ n~k~ ~2, ~ u~l~wl~ lt~ aul~' 4, ~lu~
are a pair of nearly Z-shape attachlnent elemerlts 56, which grip behlnd the tran~verse web~ 6 of the vertical profile post 2. Tab~ 58 are attached to the respective elements 56 by means of bolts 60, allowin~ the floor girders 38 to be ~ecured against the transverse tabs 10 of the vertical profile post 2. A vertical tension bolt G2 penetrates floor girder 38 and a rec~angular binding rafter 63, horizontally installed, on the underside of the joist. ~upporting wall element~ 64 are ~rovide~ o the inside of the building on which the floor elelnent~
~ 15 -Z~
are placed.
On the outsi-le of the building (a3 6hown in FIGURE 5), the outer transverse webs 5 of the post 2 are surrounded by an insulation layer 54 to enhance hea~
in~ulation properties. Extt3rnal acadl3 elements 50 are fastened to the separating walls 32 b~ mean~ of ~pacers 52. The panel-type separating walls 32 are inserted between the outer tran~vers~ webs 5 and the inner transver~e webs 6 of the vertical ~rofile posts 2.
In this way, the vertical profile posts 2 carry a stable, insulation efficient three-wall structure, i.e.
facade elements 50, separating walls 32, and interior wall elements 64.
A variant for fastening the floor girder 38 to the vertical profile po~t 2 ia to provide the retaining tab 58, which engages in an outer vertical groove formed by the parallel legs 8 and the transverse tab 10, with a t~sioning ~vice. This ten~ioniny device contain~ a cone which engag~ri on one side in an opening or a longitudinal hole by mealls of a nut which re~ts in floor gird~r 38 ~siulilar to ~crew-type connection 46 shown in FICURE 4) to pull the face 39 of the floor yirdt3r 38 against the transve~se tabs 10 of the vertical profile post 2.
Another variant is characterised by extended tension bolt~ 14, whicll penetrate th0 ra~ters L8 as well as the hori~ontal roof girder 14 and draw these again6t the horizontal roof girder 14.
FICURE 7 illustrates a plan sectiorlal view of a method of ~ecuring a floor yirder 3~ to a vertical 2~3 profiLe poat 2, which In~thod ~ alterrlative ~o tho~
illustrated and di~cussed above in associ~tion with FIGUxES 4 ~nd 5. A po~t connector 65 i~ secured to floor gir~er 38 by a bolt 66. Wherl the girder 38 is being installed, connector 65 i~ tippe~ upwardly about bolt 66, the girder i~ slid down the post 2 from the top, and then, when in place, connector ~5 i5 tilted hori~ontally and ~napped in place about post 2.
Connector 65 may then be nailed to girder 38 Por strength. A vertical wood core piece 67 is positioned within po~t 2 as ~hown.
A ~ide elevation vi~w of conslector 65, bolt 66, floor girder 38, and post 2, as in~talled, is illustrated in FIGURE 6. A stiffener 68 i~ located below girder 38 where it joins post 2.
Referring to E'IGURE 9, which represents a side eleva~ion ~ro ~-~ection view of a colllpl~t~l hoU9&
cvn~truction partly excavated into the si(ie of a hill, it may be seen that, except for the part that is un~er~round, which preferably i~ of alu~ ulll, th~ ~a~ic frame-work for the exterior walls consists of vertical profile po~t 2, external facade elements 50, insulating panel~ 32, interior panel~ 34, and internal faca~e sheet~ 24, connected and fitte~ together as shown. The roof, includiny exterior ~hingles 70 or the like, and underlying sheetiny 72, and braciny 74, are ~noun-ted on rat~r~ 18, which are secured together by ~teel c~bles 20, and ~ecure~ to the vertical profile posts 2 by mean~ o ten~ion bolt~ 14 and po~t opening~
'l'he basement floor is normally pour ~L7~
concrete, with a floor fini~h o~ some conventional type above it. The basement wall that is against the excavated earth can be con~tructed of some suitable ear~h contacting ulaterid1. Preferably, al~nill~n inner panels 80 and 82 with expanded poly~tyrerle foarn cores and aluminum exterior ~heet~ for corro~ion ~,rotection against ground fl~id~ are u~ed. The vertical profile po~ts 2 on that 3ide of the building are secured on the foundation by bolts 84. An outer wall base plate 76 made of an inert material seals the outer walls ~ith the surrounding ground. The interior surface can be a bas~nent wall element 24 to corform with the opposite and a~jacent wall~ of the ba~ement. Reinforcing laterally extending steel cabl~l or rods 84 can be ~ecured in the basement walls.
The rnain floor of the buildiny i~ 6upported by laterally exterlding floor girders 38. Ttlese are each conn~cted at the end~ to re~pective posts 2 by connecting mean~ such as that di~closed and ~iscussed above in r~lation to FIGURES 4 and 5, including bolt~ 42 or 46, or by the mean~ discus~ed previously in relation to FIGURES 6 and 7. The floor girders 3~ support cross beaJns 86, 100r ~h~eting 88, and overlying carpet or other floor material.
The ba~ernent ceiling i8 formed by panel~ 90, held in pl~ce between the parallel floor girder~ 38.
The main floor ceiling i~ constructe(l in a manner somewhat analo~3o~s to the floor betwe~en the baselnent and the Illa.~n floor, althouyh the main floor ceiling doe~ not have to be able to ~u~port a traffic load and hence can ~7~
be of somewhat lighter construction. RooE girder~ 4 are po itioned betweerl an~ connected to r~spective pO~ff 2 and rafter~ 18. Panel~ 92 are positioned betwe~n the roof girders 4 to o~n the main floor ceiling.
FIGURE 10 illu~trate~ a typical cross-section floor con~truction including a floor yird~r 38, ceiling panels 90 on eact~ side and floor sheeting ~8 (all shown in section).
FIGURE 11 illus~rates a typical crc~ss-section of floor con~truction taken at a point where a baqement wall is in place. The wall panel 94 is connected to ceiling panel~ 90 by means of a cross brace 96. A pair of co~ds 98 i~ positioned between wall panels 94 an~
ceiling panel~ 90 to provi~e a t:ight joint.
FIGURE 12 illu~trates a typical cros~-section of an alternative floor con~truction showing floor girder 38 and panels 90 in section. This cross-section ~hows a dacorative bealrl 100 which is suitable in areas where there i~ no wall.
FIGURE 13 illustrate~ a typical cross-section of an alternative floor construction sl~owiny floor gircler 38 and panels 90 in 6ection and a ~all panel 94 also in ~ection. The wall panel i~ secure~ irl place with nail~ 102 betweerl parallel runners 104.
As ffhown in F~GURE 14, which illustrates a top ~ectional view of a typical wall confftruction, th~ walls can be constructed o~ three basic layerff of ma~erial~, i r~quired, for maxilnum hea~ insula~iorl benefits, both to keep heat in the building in cold climates or keep heat out of the building in hc)t climates. One or two of these wall3 can be omitted, if required.
The vertical profile po~t~ 2 are ~ecured spacially by steal rod~ 20. Panels 32 are po~itione~
between each of the posts 2. A vertical timber core 36 i~ po~ition~d within each po~t 2. Insulation 106 iA
installed between the panels 32 and the outer wall 50.
Inller walls constructed of panels 34 are secured -to the inner sides o postq 2. ~IGURE 14 also shows sections of wall detail made up of support pos-ts 110, wall sandwich panels 113, door frames 125, and corner support posts 126.
FIGURES 15 and 16 illu6trate plan section views of wall sectionq useful respectively for a cold weather country and a hot weather country. The wall construction ~hown in FI~URE 15 ha~ insulation 69 in the wall cavity. The wall con~truction shown in FIGURE 16 ha~ only air in the cavity. Cool air ~roln the b~ tl~, or ~ tl~r~t~ y ~ ir ~s~ ioll~r ~ y circulated through this cavity to help keep the wallq cool.
The panels 32 positioned between the vertical profile postq 2, and elsewhere in the building are known and can be constructed in a number of alternative conv~ntional ways.
FIGURE 17 qhows a skeleton structure in which firstly the vertical profile posts 2 ar~ erected. They rest on foundations 3 which are preerably made of solid building materials. The lower ends of the vertical profile po~ts 2 are ~et down freely on these foundation~; however, it would also be conceivable ~or a ~7~
short section to be built in. On -their central web, the vertical profile po~t~ 2 are provided with ~-shaped cut-out~ 16 which are spaced at intervals and extend ov~r the whole height. In the lowe~t zone of each of the~e vertical proile postu 2, and at a defined distance froln their lower end face, a bore i~ proYided, through which a wire cable 22 i9 drawn. Between adjacent vertical profile posts 2, there is at least one lug 23 or other holding device for the wire cable 22, anchored .in the foundations 3. The bore in the vertical profile posts 2 for the wire cable is located above the lugs 23 BO that when the wire cable 22 is tensiorled with a tensioning device a downwards traction effect on the foun~ations 3 is exerted by the vertical profile posts 2. The tensioning device is constructed in such a way that the wire cable 22 is connected to a threaded bolt 55 on which is screwed a nu~ 11 by medns of which the t~nsioning force can be produced. The luy 23 ~nay dlso ~e con~tructed as a hook, ring or tubuLar part, arld p~r~l~it~ relative di~place~ nt therethrouyll of the wire cable 22 in its longitudinal direction. In this way, the ~tability of the building structure is greatly increased in the event Or earthquakes or 4torms.
FIGURE 18 ~hows a generally similar construction to that in FIGURE 17, ex~ep~ that, instead of foundation~ made of building material~, floor rails 25 made of metal are provided. These are connected ~ogether at the corners to form a frame.
Again, the vertical profile posts 2 rest freely on these ba~e rail B 29 and are urged downwardly by the wire cable 22. An upwardly extending flange 27 on the inner face of the base rail 25 act3 as a stop for the vertical profile posts. The plurality of wire cables 22, each extending over only one longitudinal face of the building and ten~ioned at it~ re&pective end, can be u~ad, or only one sinyle wir~ cable 22 Inay be u~ed, extending over all four side~ of the building.
FIGURE 19 represents an embodiment of a buildi~g structure which does not have a basement. The floor joi6ts 38 each rest on ~upporting ~locks 37 which are rnade, for exa~ple, from aeroconcrete and rest direc-tly on the ground. The vertical p~ofile posts 2 in this instance are tensioned on floor joists 38 made of wood by means of a ten~ioning bolt 14 which iR slit lonyitudinally through it~ upper section and engages with the central web 7 of the vertical profile post 2.
The nut 11 i~ located in the hole 16 through the vertic~l profile post 2 and thus holds the two ~lit part~ o~ the terl~ionirl~ screw 14 together and make~ it po~sible to s~t the vertical profile posts 2 firmly on the floor joiste 38. A fralnework 53 of lathes i~
built on the floor jois~ 38, and the floor panels 51 or the like are laid on thi~ framework.
~ IGURE 20 ~how~ a horiYon~al section through a building struct~re in w~ich a double-wall type of construction is u~ed. In this ~ructure, the H-~haped vertical profile post~ 2 are di~po~ec~ so that the central web 7 extend~ at right-angle~ to the respective side of the building. In the corrlers, the~e vertical profile po~t~ 2 engage with each other and th~reby z~
provide a high degree of rigidity. The outer wall panels 32 and the inner wall panels 33 are all equipped with projecting plate elements which engaye in the vertical pxofile posts 23. ~etween these outer and inner wall panel~ 32, 33, there i~ a space 35 in which the lower par~ of the wire cable 22 with the tensioning devices 11, 5S i~ located. Facade elemen~s 50 made, for example, out of concrete, are fi~ed on the outer wall panel 32. This double-walled method of construciton provides an additional insulatin~ and ventilation effect, u~eful in both cold and hot regions. In hot regions, the air itl the space 35 may be cooled, which provides an air-conditioning efect.
FIGURE 21 shows a perspective illu~tration of the connection of the basement wall elements 24 to a floor joist 38 and to a vertical profile post 2. The basement wall elements 24, which have a U-shaped hori~ontal ~ection and are made, for example, from aluminwn, have a flat vertical plate element 2~ and a bsnS-out leg 28 on both ~ides. Wherl two of such ba~elnent wall alement~ 24 are juxtapositioned together, a V-~haped ~pace 31 i~ produced between the respective leg~ 28. A bowe~-out ~ection 49 for the passaye therethrough of a tensioning bolt 14 i8 provided towards the top of the legs in the central reyion. At a certain distance from the upper edges of these basement wall elements 24, rectangular holes 41 are provided in the legs 2R, and a nut 11, or a bolt-head, is located in these holes. The nut 11 lies again~t a washer 45 adapted to the hole 41 and provided with bent-up tabs to ~ ~,i ~:~L7~2~
hold it in position.
The horizontal floor joist 38 is ~upported on the upper edge of the basement wall elements 24. A
piece of sheet metal 47, serving to distribute the pre~ure, is di~posed b~tween the floor joiit 38 and the ver~ical profile post 2 placed thereon. A nut 11 is located in the cut-out 16 in the central web 7 of ~hi~
vertical profile post 2, being screwed onto the longitudinally slit tensioning bolt 14. The central web 7 of the vertical profile post Z project~ into this longitudinal slit in the tensioning bolt 14, 80 that a secure connection iB obtained when the nut 11 is ~crewed down tightly. The central web 7 and the longitudinal c~ntral axis of the floor joist 38 are located at least approximately in the same vertical plane. The distance "a" of this central web 7 ~hould ~nount to at least on~
and one third tilneR the width "b", and preferably to approxilllately one alld ~even-eighths time~ this width.
The end~ of the parallel leg~ 8 are provided with transverse tabs 10 which extend parallel ~o the cen~ral web 7. ~he end~ of th~ tabs 10 are ben~ inwards to forln vertical grooves lS.
In FIGURE 22, an embodiment is shown in which the basement wall element~ 24 rest at the base on the concrete foundations 3. The V-shaped space 3l forloed by two adjacent bcnt-out les 28 is open towar~s the out~ide of the building and is covered on the outside by a vertical rail 77. This ha~ a substantially U-shaped cro~s-section and each end engages behind the reRpective channels 83 at the ends of the legs 28 by inwardly-projecting rail sections 81. In order to enable the ~ertical rail~ 77 to be inser~ed in place, the end face of the floor joist 38 is set back relative to the channel 83. The legs 28 are traversed by a through-bolt 75 which holds one loop 85 of a wire cable 73 serving as a guying element. The wire cable 73 projects into the V-shaped space 31 between two adjacent legs 28 and extends obliquely downwardly to a picket 87 which is seated i~ the foundations 3 or has been harn~ered into the ground. The wire cable 73 i8 formed into a loop 89 in the vicinity o the picket B7. It i~ also possible to e~fect adju table tensioning of ~he wire cable 73 by using a tensioning bolt. This oblique tensioning is carried out mainly on 910ping sites, or when the building is provided with a basernent on one sille, to secure the basement wall elements against lateral pressure of earth piled against the building. A ceiling profile rail 91 with an angular cross-section is placed on the top edge of the ba~elnent wall element~ 24.
~IGURE 23 shows schema-tically how part of the builiding ~tructure carl serve as a transportation container in which the remaining ~tructural eleluents of the building which is to be erected ax~ corltained. Two floor joi~ts 38 can be used as ~kid~. In this way, the container 59 can be transported with the aid of a traction vehicle in ~now in an upright position, in the direction of the arrow T, the lang~h of the building being governed by the length of the floor joists 38, and the width correspondirlg approxirnately to the distance between the two floor jois-t~ 38. The dimensions of the ~ 25 ~
~74~8 trarls~or~d~ion contain~r 59 in the longitudinal direction of the roof ridge 57 i~ le~s than that of the finished erected ~uilding. In ~his way, addi~ional packiny cost~ are avoided an~ it is possible to deliver to site even larye-roomed buildinys wi~h d SlilalL
transportation volume.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the foregoing disclo~ure, many alterations and modifications are possible in the practice of this invention without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Accordingly, the scop~ of ~he invention i~ to be construed in accordance with the substance of the following claims.
aca~e opt.ionsl eor exalnple:
~a) Pla~tic cement pla~ter fini~h (b) Buikling paneli in diff~rent colours and shapes (c~ Conve~tional tiln~er panels in different forms td) Alwninwn panels forming a vapour barrier, ~e3 Ready-l~ixe~ external pldster with glass fibre rein~orcement in all colours; and ~) Tile panelLing to form d curtain wall for decoration. This latter option is not earthquake-proof.
The grid-type con~tructiorl ~y:iteln i9 particularly well suited for the in~tallation or a~elnbly of standard ~rid mea~ure doors arld win~ow~
including shutters which do not require modifications.
The construction system includes a stairlless-steel hot-air heating ~ystem which can be 20 fired with wood. This heatiny systeln i8 ~uitable for tiled s~ove and fireplace heating underfloor and radiator heating. The system can include a reflector-ba~ed solar-collector heating sy~teln.
The construction sy~tem ~ermits ~very type of home ~orln and layout. All type~ of roof covers can be u~ed. The type to be u~ed i~ generally dependent on the built-up enviro~nent. Roof coverirlys con~isting of clay tiles, Pla~tic tile~ or concrete tiles can be u~ed. A
corrugated-aluminum roof can be ~uppl ied for earthquake-prone regions. The house system can be ~ ~74~2~
~upplied with different roof options, e.g. flat roof, flat-~addle roof, s~ddle roo, sutldeck roof, hipped roo~, hil~p~d saddle roof.
The elelnent~ for the ~ystem can be supplied on a turnkey basis, including sanitary fittings and equip-nent, lavatory and bathrooms, completely equipped kitchens, wall paper~, timber ceilings, floor carpet~, optional ceramic-tile or wood parquetr-y floors, and including the complete heating system.
The house component~ are easily transported from one location to another becau~e parts of the construction element~ can be used to crate and containexize other elelnents of the construction. This significantly reduces packaging cost4, which can be a najor expenqe item in conventional syste~
STATEMENT OF T~E INv~NlrIoN
. _ __ __ _ _ _ __ The house con~truction of the inventiorl elnuloyq a skeleton-type structure which ~onsists of vertical metal profile postq which extell~ froln the oun~ation oE the house to hori~ontal roof girders in a single unit of uniform cross-section. The roof girders are attached to the vertical metal profile post~ by means of slotted tension bolts. Tha one-piece v~rtical profile po~t~ have a cross-~ection which is e~sentially the combination of a T-~ection and a U-~ec~ion. In the lower uart of the building, ba~emerlt wall elelnent4 axtend into the vertical profile pos~s with angl~d leg~
on the in~ide o the buildiny. In this position, they are secured by a bracing tube.
~lou~e construction u~iny a ~keleton-type 2~
structure with po~t~ and horizontal girde.r~, charactaris~d in tha~ the post~ are made of lne~al an~
are single-unit vertical profile po~t~, ~upported on a foundation whose unifor~n cro~4-~ection extends fran the foundation to the hori~ontal roof girder~, the vertical profiled posts and the hori~ontal roof girder~ being interconnected by tension bolts.
A hou~e construction aB de~cribed wherein each ten~ion bolt penetrates the re~pective horizontal roof yirder and engages in a central section of the vertical profile post with it~ lower end which is split and the nut of the bolt engage~ in an opening in the central section.
A hou~e con~truction a~ described wherein heat~ ulating arld stabilizing ~im~er core~ are inserted in the upper part of the vertical profile po~t~
on the inner side of the posts.
A house constru~tion ai des~ribed wherein disa~embleable vertically arranged bdselnellt wall elelnent~ having approxilllately a U-shape hori~ontaL
cros~-section, with two ley~ extending froln the base engaging in a rece~s in the vertical profile post.
A house construction a~ de~cribed wherein the ends of the l~g~ of the basemen~ wall element~ have a U-shape bend which opens to the outside, with the legs of the neighbouring ba~ement wall element~ forming a wedge-~hape recess opening to the in~ide and the leg end~ engaging in vertical groove~ oE the vertical profile poets, being ~ecured in that position by a catch in~erted in the recess of the vertical profile po~t.
4~2~
A house con~t;ruction as descfibed wherein the basement wall element accomodate~ a pl.ate-type protec-tive element between its legs.
A house construction a~ de~cribed wherein a plur~lity of vertical profile post~ a:re perletrated at leas~ at their upper end~ by horizontal steel cable~
that brace each of the po~t~.
A hou~e con6truction a~ de~cribed wherein the horizontal floor girders re~t on the upper sides of basement wall elements and are connected with the vertical profile post~ by tension element~.
A house construction a~ described wher~in the vertical profile posts support a wall combination con~isting of one or Illore wall element.s, colnprising a facade element separating wall and an interior wall element.
A building structure of the skeleton structure type with vertical profile posts resting on a foull~ation, charact0rise~ in that the centr~1 web~ of the vertical profil~ pos~ are pierced in the vicinity of the base by at least one wire cable which extends parallel to the external walls of the building and which i~ pa~sed through lower-lying holding device~, the holding devices being Eixed in said foundation, and ten~ioning devices are provided by means of which the wire cable can be ten3ioned in a downwardly-direct0d manner whereby pres~ure downwardly on the fourldation i~
~xerted on the vertical profile po8t8.
A building ~tructure of the ~keleton ~tructure type with vertical profile po~t~ ~pacially oriented f~
around the walls, including the corner~, characteri~ed in that at lea~t the corner vertical profile posts re~t on and are guyed onto a horizontal girder, in the vicinity of ~he base of the posts by a longitu~inally slit tensioning bolt which hold~ the web of the vertical profile po~t.
A building structure as described wherein the vertical profile posts are constructed with an I shaped girder crois-section with bent out flanyes by which two of said vertical profile po~ts ~re engagable with each other wh~n juxtapo~itioned with one another in a corner location.
A building structure as described wherein the vertical profile posts have therein substantially ll-chaped hole~ spaced at interva:ls over more than hal~
the length of their web.
A building structure as de~cribed wherein the lenyth of the web~i~ at least one and one third tilnes the width of th~ parallel legs.
A building ~tructure as described wherein on both sides of the space in which the wire cable is located, wall element~ made of therlnally insulating material are placed, the outer wall elelnent being additiolldlly covexetl by a facade eleinent.
A buildin~ structure, chardcteriset1 in that bas~ en~ wall elem~n~ wi~h an approxilnately ll-shaped hori~rltal cro~s-sectiorl ar~ providel1 wllerl wdll eletnents dre j~xtapositioned to one another, the bent-out legs on the adjacent ba~ement waLl element~ defirlirl~J a V-shap~-l space, thc legs each containing a bowetl-out section for ~79~8 a terlsioniny bolt to pa~ therethrough, and the baseJnent wall elements each having a hole therein for accolno~ating a nut or a bolt-head connected to the tensioning bolt.
A building structure a~ described whereirl re~ting on the end face of two adjacent bas~lnent wall ~lements there i9 a nori~ontal floor girder through which a tensioning bolt passes, the bolt having therein a longitudinal slit at the ~op in which the central web of a vertical profile post engages.
A building structure with a roof ridge, characterised in that par~ of the building is con tructed a~ a transportation container for the remaining part~ of the building Rtructure, the transportation container being slmaller colnpared to the fini~hed building ~tructure with regard to i~s extent in the longitudinaL directiorl of the roof ridge.
A building structure as ~escribed wherein the b~se~ nt wdll elelnent~ r~t dt the ha~e on th~
oundatiorl~, the V-~haped space~ in the e]ements are o~en toward~ th~ out~ide of the building, an~ the baRement wall elements are anchored by means of oblique guying elements.
A building structure a~ de~cribed wherein a transverse bolt passe~ throu-~h the bent-out le~s of adjacellt ba~elnent wall ele)nents and the guying element i8 a wire cable which project~ into the V-Ahape~ ~pace and i~ connected to the tran~ver~e bolt.
A building ~tructure as ~escribed wherein the V-Ahaped ~pace which is open towards the out~ide of the ~ ~74~2~3 buildin~ by the bent-out legs o~ the baseln~llt wall elements is covered and maintained by a vertical rail.
DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 represents a perspective vi~w of part of the ~keleton structure of the building;
FIGURE 2 repre~ents a vertical section through one execution varian~ with interior elements;
FIGURE 3 r~presents a hofizontal section throuyh a vertical profile po~t with basemerlt wall elements attached to it;
F~GURE 4 represents a hori~ontal section through one floor girder, mounted to one vertical profile post;
FIGURE 5 represents a horizontal section taken along the line V V in FIGURE 2;
E'IGURE G repr~sents a side e1evation view of a joint variation used to attach a floor b.~n to a vertical profile post;
FIGURE 7 r~presents a plan elevation view of a v~riant of a basement floor be~n attached to a vertical profil~ post, a~ il1u~trated in FIGUR~ 6;
FICURE 8 represents a detaiL o~ the ten~ion-bolt connection;
FIGUI~ 9 r~presents a cross-section sid~
e1evatiorl view of a hou~e con~truction;
FIGU~E 10 repr~sents a detailed vertical cro~s-section view of a basement cei1in~ con~truction;
FIGURE 11 repr~ ents a detailed vertical cross-~ection view of an upper leveL bearn ~upport;
FIGURE 12 represents a detailed vertical ;~7~
cross-section view of a variation of upper level bealn support;
FIGURE 13 represents a detailed vertical cross-section view of an upper level beaZn support with a wall attac~nent;
FIGURE 14 represents a horizontal cross-section view of an exterior wall construction including a corner;
FIGUR~ 15 representri a detailed horizon~al cross-sectiorl view of an exterior wall construction, with insulation in the wall cavity;
FIGURE 16 represents a detailed horizontal cross-section view of an exterior wall construction;
F'IGURE 17 represents a perspective view of a sk~leton ~tructure with v~rtical profile posts w~lich are guyed down to the foundations by means of a wire cable;
FIGURE 1~ represel~ts a perspective illustration of an elnbodiment in which -the vertical l~rofile po ts a~e guy~ onto a fr~n~e con~istiny of profile rails;
FIGUR~ 19 represents a vertical section throu~3h a ba~e section with a floor ~irder screwed to a vertical profile post;
FIGURE 20 represents a horizontal section through a double-walled embodilnent;
FIGURE 21 repre~ents a perspective illustratiorl of the bolt connection of a ba~elllent wall part to ceilin~ bea~ns and vertical profile posts:
l~IGURE 22 represents a perspective illustratiorl in wtlich d base~ment walL ele~ rlt re~t~ ~t the base of a concrete forlnulation;
FIGURE 2~ represents a schelndtic perspective illu~tration of a buildirly s~ructure wher~: a transpor~ation eontainer ir- be i ng used to accolnodate the relnainder of the house.
Dl','l'AIhl'D D~CRIPTION OF ~MBODIM~NTS OE' '11111. lLiV~NTION
The house construction usiny the ~keleton-type de~ign according to tlle invention, as tnay be ~een in ~ICUR~ 1, includes a plurality of vertical profile posts 2 arranged in parallel grid form. These extend respectively from a foundation 3, whieh i~ preferably eonstructed of ma60nry work, to corre~ponding horizontal roof girder~ 4~ The vertieal profile posts 2 have a uniform eros~-seetion throughout, and are construc~ed of a single pieee of metal, preferably alwninurn.
The eross-seetion eonstruetion of vertical profile post 2 is shown in detail in ~IGUK~ 3. It eon~ists of an outer trallsver~e web 5, a eentre web 7, an inner tr~n~ver~e w~b 6 and paralLel l~-J~ ~ ~xtending froln the latt~r. Legq ~ have on~ U-~hape transv~r~e web 10 each at their free ends forlnill~ one vertical, longi~udinal ~roove 15 eaeh. The tWO paraLlel leg~ 8 limit a reee~s 9 whieh opens to the inside of the hous e .
The eonneetion o~ eaeh horizontal roof girder 4 with a related vertical profile po~t 2, a~ ean be jeen in E'IGURE 2, i9 Inade by rneans of a tension bolt 14, whieh penetrates the horizontal roof girder 4 in one ~ore. In the centre web 7 of edch vertieal profile post 2, clo~e to it~ upper end, there is positioned one opening 16 to take up the nut 11. The lower end of the shank of ten~ion bolt 14 ha~ a longitudinal groove which engages in the centre web 7 of the vertical profile po~t 2. The nu~ 11 is placed on the yrooved end of tension bolt 14, enyaging in opening 16. By clamping it, a force is exerted which contracts the two element~, a~ shown in detail in ~IGUR~ 6.
Rafters 18, as seen in FIGURES 1 and 2, are placed on the upper side of the horizontal roof gixders 4. In addition, there are steel cables 20 which horizontally penetrate the top of the centre webs 7 of the vertical profile posts 2 and are braced on the outside in order to provide a support for the vertical profile posts 2. Other steel cableR 20 are also located in the hori~ontal roof girders 4. The vertical profile posts 2 ar~ spaced alld braced from edch o~her pref~rably by horizorltal tension bol~.
lrl tt~ wr~ r~lly irl l~IGURE ~ arl~ in d~tail itl l~'LCUI~ 3, there are verticcllly placed baselnent wall element~ 24 along the inside of the house. These coslsist preferably of alu~ or other suitable materials an~i include a flat lLate section 26 and two legs 28 sloping downward at the ends and forming an essentially U-shape cross-section ~w}-len seen in a horizontal plane as in ~IGUR~ 3). The two legs 28 are tapered toward each other ~o that a w~-lge-shape opening 31 forms between two neighbouring basernent wall element~ 24 ~see E'IGURE 3). The individual baselnent wall elements 24 r~t against each other and their width ~ ll7~L4 Z8 is sized such that any two such basement wall elements 24 side by side car1 be arranged between two vertical profile postA 2. The ends 29 of the leys 28 o the basement wall elements 24 are bent to fo~m a U shape and engage between the two parallel legs 8 on a related vertical profile post 2, in which they are securecl by a vertical braciny tube l9. In the braced conditioll, the bent ends 29 engage in vertical grooves lS of the vertical profile posts 2, for1lle(1 by transverse tabs lO
at the ends of parallel legs 8. The bracillg tube 19 is only inserted from above ater the basement wall elements 24 have b~en installed and ensures that the basement wall element~ 24 are secured in their respective positions.
Parallel to the plate element 2G of the basement wall ele1nents 24, protective boards 34 are inserted, and these may, for example, be made of expanded plastic or impregnated corruyated cardboard.
Panel element~ 32 are installed between the inner and outer transver4e webs 5 and 6 of the vertical proile po6ts 2 and are adapted in heiyht to correspond with the terrain. Panel ele1nents 32 may be cc~nstructecl of a core of cork particles sandwiche~1 between particle board outer panel~ utilizing adhesive and considerable heat and ~ressure. ~anel elements 32 n1ay also be expand~d pol~tyrene beads sandwiche~ between illner, layer~ of pdrticle board an~ outer layer~ of aluminwn ~heetir1g utilizincJ ad11esive, hedt ar1d ~-re~ure.
In the part of the vertical proile posts 2 ~xtending above basement level, timber cores 36 are used ~'7~
in a dual manner as a reinforcement of the vertical profile posts 2 for heat insulation and fire protection.
The hori~ontal flooc girders 38 are supported by the upper edge of the basement wall elelnents 24 and preferably contain one shoulder each. E'louring is laid on floor yirders 38.
FIGU~ 4 ~hows the fa~terlincJ of one floor girder 38 to one vertical profile po~t 2. An angular tab 44 is attached to both sides of the floor girder 3 by mean~ of bolts 46 and screws 480 A U-shape bracket 42 engages in the tab 44 and is secured by nuts 43 at the ends. The bracket 42 penetrates a bore in the vertical profile post 2 in such a way that the bracket 42 is held both by the parallel legs 8 and by the centre web 7. The face 39 of the floor girder 38 is ~upported by the transverse tabA 10 at the end of the parallel legs 8, when nuts 43 have beerl Lightened.
E'ICUR~S 2 and 5 (the latter in detdi1) show a varidnt ~uitabl~ for ~uildiny~ with int~rior Eitting~.
I~ o~ n~k~ ~2, ~ u~l~wl~ lt~ aul~' 4, ~lu~
are a pair of nearly Z-shape attachlnent elemerlts 56, which grip behlnd the tran~verse web~ 6 of the vertical profile post 2. Tab~ 58 are attached to the respective elements 56 by means of bolts 60, allowin~ the floor girders 38 to be ~ecured against the transverse tabs 10 of the vertical profile post 2. A vertical tension bolt G2 penetrates floor girder 38 and a rec~angular binding rafter 63, horizontally installed, on the underside of the joist. ~upporting wall element~ 64 are ~rovide~ o the inside of the building on which the floor elelnent~
~ 15 -Z~
are placed.
On the outsi-le of the building (a3 6hown in FIGURE 5), the outer transverse webs 5 of the post 2 are surrounded by an insulation layer 54 to enhance hea~
in~ulation properties. Extt3rnal acadl3 elements 50 are fastened to the separating walls 32 b~ mean~ of ~pacers 52. The panel-type separating walls 32 are inserted between the outer tran~vers~ webs 5 and the inner transver~e webs 6 of the vertical ~rofile posts 2.
In this way, the vertical profile posts 2 carry a stable, insulation efficient three-wall structure, i.e.
facade elements 50, separating walls 32, and interior wall elements 64.
A variant for fastening the floor girder 38 to the vertical profile po~t 2 ia to provide the retaining tab 58, which engages in an outer vertical groove formed by the parallel legs 8 and the transverse tab 10, with a t~sioning ~vice. This ten~ioniny device contain~ a cone which engag~ri on one side in an opening or a longitudinal hole by mealls of a nut which re~ts in floor gird~r 38 ~siulilar to ~crew-type connection 46 shown in FICURE 4) to pull the face 39 of the floor yirdt3r 38 against the transve~se tabs 10 of the vertical profile post 2.
Another variant is characterised by extended tension bolt~ 14, whicll penetrate th0 ra~ters L8 as well as the hori~ontal roof girder 14 and draw these again6t the horizontal roof girder 14.
FICURE 7 illustrates a plan sectiorlal view of a method of ~ecuring a floor yirder 3~ to a vertical 2~3 profiLe poat 2, which In~thod ~ alterrlative ~o tho~
illustrated and di~cussed above in associ~tion with FIGUxES 4 ~nd 5. A po~t connector 65 i~ secured to floor gir~er 38 by a bolt 66. Wherl the girder 38 is being installed, connector 65 i~ tippe~ upwardly about bolt 66, the girder i~ slid down the post 2 from the top, and then, when in place, connector ~5 i5 tilted hori~ontally and ~napped in place about post 2.
Connector 65 may then be nailed to girder 38 Por strength. A vertical wood core piece 67 is positioned within po~t 2 as ~hown.
A ~ide elevation vi~w of conslector 65, bolt 66, floor girder 38, and post 2, as in~talled, is illustrated in FIGURE 6. A stiffener 68 i~ located below girder 38 where it joins post 2.
Referring to E'IGURE 9, which represents a side eleva~ion ~ro ~-~ection view of a colllpl~t~l hoU9&
cvn~truction partly excavated into the si(ie of a hill, it may be seen that, except for the part that is un~er~round, which preferably i~ of alu~ ulll, th~ ~a~ic frame-work for the exterior walls consists of vertical profile po~t 2, external facade elements 50, insulating panel~ 32, interior panel~ 34, and internal faca~e sheet~ 24, connected and fitte~ together as shown. The roof, includiny exterior ~hingles 70 or the like, and underlying sheetiny 72, and braciny 74, are ~noun-ted on rat~r~ 18, which are secured together by ~teel c~bles 20, and ~ecure~ to the vertical profile posts 2 by mean~ o ten~ion bolt~ 14 and po~t opening~
'l'he basement floor is normally pour ~L7~
concrete, with a floor fini~h o~ some conventional type above it. The basement wall that is against the excavated earth can be con~tructed of some suitable ear~h contacting ulaterid1. Preferably, al~nill~n inner panels 80 and 82 with expanded poly~tyrerle foarn cores and aluminum exterior ~heet~ for corro~ion ~,rotection against ground fl~id~ are u~ed. The vertical profile po~ts 2 on that 3ide of the building are secured on the foundation by bolts 84. An outer wall base plate 76 made of an inert material seals the outer walls ~ith the surrounding ground. The interior surface can be a bas~nent wall element 24 to corform with the opposite and a~jacent wall~ of the ba~ement. Reinforcing laterally extending steel cabl~l or rods 84 can be ~ecured in the basement walls.
The rnain floor of the buildiny i~ 6upported by laterally exterlding floor girders 38. Ttlese are each conn~cted at the end~ to re~pective posts 2 by connecting mean~ such as that di~closed and ~iscussed above in r~lation to FIGURES 4 and 5, including bolt~ 42 or 46, or by the mean~ discus~ed previously in relation to FIGURES 6 and 7. The floor girders 3~ support cross beaJns 86, 100r ~h~eting 88, and overlying carpet or other floor material.
The ba~ernent ceiling i8 formed by panel~ 90, held in pl~ce between the parallel floor girder~ 38.
The main floor ceiling i~ constructe(l in a manner somewhat analo~3o~s to the floor betwe~en the baselnent and the Illa.~n floor, althouyh the main floor ceiling doe~ not have to be able to ~u~port a traffic load and hence can ~7~
be of somewhat lighter construction. RooE girder~ 4 are po itioned betweerl an~ connected to r~spective pO~ff 2 and rafter~ 18. Panel~ 92 are positioned betwe~n the roof girders 4 to o~n the main floor ceiling.
FIGURE 10 illu~trate~ a typical cross-section floor con~truction including a floor yird~r 38, ceiling panels 90 on eact~ side and floor sheeting ~8 (all shown in section).
FIGURE 11 illus~rates a typical crc~ss-section of floor con~truction taken at a point where a baqement wall is in place. The wall panel 94 is connected to ceiling panel~ 90 by means of a cross brace 96. A pair of co~ds 98 i~ positioned between wall panels 94 an~
ceiling panel~ 90 to provi~e a t:ight joint.
FIGURE 12 illu~trates a typical cros~-section of an alternative floor con~truction showing floor girder 38 and panels 90 in section. This cross-section ~hows a dacorative bealrl 100 which is suitable in areas where there i~ no wall.
FIGURE 13 illustrate~ a typical cross-section of an alternative floor construction sl~owiny floor gircler 38 and panels 90 in 6ection and a ~all panel 94 also in ~ection. The wall panel i~ secure~ irl place with nail~ 102 betweerl parallel runners 104.
As ffhown in F~GURE 14, which illustrates a top ~ectional view of a typical wall confftruction, th~ walls can be constructed o~ three basic layerff of ma~erial~, i r~quired, for maxilnum hea~ insula~iorl benefits, both to keep heat in the building in cold climates or keep heat out of the building in hc)t climates. One or two of these wall3 can be omitted, if required.
The vertical profile po~t~ 2 are ~ecured spacially by steal rod~ 20. Panels 32 are po~itione~
between each of the posts 2. A vertical timber core 36 i~ po~ition~d within each po~t 2. Insulation 106 iA
installed between the panels 32 and the outer wall 50.
Inller walls constructed of panels 34 are secured -to the inner sides o postq 2. ~IGURE 14 also shows sections of wall detail made up of support pos-ts 110, wall sandwich panels 113, door frames 125, and corner support posts 126.
FIGURES 15 and 16 illu6trate plan section views of wall sectionq useful respectively for a cold weather country and a hot weather country. The wall construction ~hown in FI~URE 15 ha~ insulation 69 in the wall cavity. The wall con~truction shown in FIGURE 16 ha~ only air in the cavity. Cool air ~roln the b~ tl~, or ~ tl~r~t~ y ~ ir ~s~ ioll~r ~ y circulated through this cavity to help keep the wallq cool.
The panels 32 positioned between the vertical profile postq 2, and elsewhere in the building are known and can be constructed in a number of alternative conv~ntional ways.
FIGURE 17 qhows a skeleton structure in which firstly the vertical profile posts 2 ar~ erected. They rest on foundations 3 which are preerably made of solid building materials. The lower ends of the vertical profile po~ts 2 are ~et down freely on these foundation~; however, it would also be conceivable ~or a ~7~
short section to be built in. On -their central web, the vertical profile po~t~ 2 are provided with ~-shaped cut-out~ 16 which are spaced at intervals and extend ov~r the whole height. In the lowe~t zone of each of the~e vertical proile postu 2, and at a defined distance froln their lower end face, a bore i~ proYided, through which a wire cable 22 i9 drawn. Between adjacent vertical profile posts 2, there is at least one lug 23 or other holding device for the wire cable 22, anchored .in the foundations 3. The bore in the vertical profile posts 2 for the wire cable is located above the lugs 23 BO that when the wire cable 22 is tensiorled with a tensioning device a downwards traction effect on the foun~ations 3 is exerted by the vertical profile posts 2. The tensioning device is constructed in such a way that the wire cable 22 is connected to a threaded bolt 55 on which is screwed a nu~ 11 by medns of which the t~nsioning force can be produced. The luy 23 ~nay dlso ~e con~tructed as a hook, ring or tubuLar part, arld p~r~l~it~ relative di~place~ nt therethrouyll of the wire cable 22 in its longitudinal direction. In this way, the ~tability of the building structure is greatly increased in the event Or earthquakes or 4torms.
FIGURE 18 ~hows a generally similar construction to that in FIGURE 17, ex~ep~ that, instead of foundation~ made of building material~, floor rails 25 made of metal are provided. These are connected ~ogether at the corners to form a frame.
Again, the vertical profile posts 2 rest freely on these ba~e rail B 29 and are urged downwardly by the wire cable 22. An upwardly extending flange 27 on the inner face of the base rail 25 act3 as a stop for the vertical profile posts. The plurality of wire cables 22, each extending over only one longitudinal face of the building and ten~ioned at it~ re&pective end, can be u~ad, or only one sinyle wir~ cable 22 Inay be u~ed, extending over all four side~ of the building.
FIGURE 19 represents an embodiment of a buildi~g structure which does not have a basement. The floor joi6ts 38 each rest on ~upporting ~locks 37 which are rnade, for exa~ple, from aeroconcrete and rest direc-tly on the ground. The vertical p~ofile posts 2 in this instance are tensioned on floor joists 38 made of wood by means of a ten~ioning bolt 14 which iR slit lonyitudinally through it~ upper section and engages with the central web 7 of the vertical profile post 2.
The nut 11 i~ located in the hole 16 through the vertic~l profile post 2 and thus holds the two ~lit part~ o~ the terl~ionirl~ screw 14 together and make~ it po~sible to s~t the vertical profile posts 2 firmly on the floor joiste 38. A fralnework 53 of lathes i~
built on the floor jois~ 38, and the floor panels 51 or the like are laid on thi~ framework.
~ IGURE 20 ~how~ a horiYon~al section through a building struct~re in w~ich a double-wall type of construction is u~ed. In this ~ructure, the H-~haped vertical profile post~ 2 are di~po~ec~ so that the central web 7 extend~ at right-angle~ to the respective side of the building. In the corrlers, the~e vertical profile po~t~ 2 engage with each other and th~reby z~
provide a high degree of rigidity. The outer wall panels 32 and the inner wall panels 33 are all equipped with projecting plate elements which engaye in the vertical pxofile posts 23. ~etween these outer and inner wall panel~ 32, 33, there i~ a space 35 in which the lower par~ of the wire cable 22 with the tensioning devices 11, 5S i~ located. Facade elemen~s 50 made, for example, out of concrete, are fi~ed on the outer wall panel 32. This double-walled method of construciton provides an additional insulatin~ and ventilation effect, u~eful in both cold and hot regions. In hot regions, the air itl the space 35 may be cooled, which provides an air-conditioning efect.
FIGURE 21 shows a perspective illu~tration of the connection of the basement wall elements 24 to a floor joist 38 and to a vertical profile post 2. The basement wall elements 24, which have a U-shaped hori~ontal ~ection and are made, for example, from aluminwn, have a flat vertical plate element 2~ and a bsnS-out leg 28 on both ~ides. Wherl two of such ba~elnent wall alement~ 24 are juxtapositioned together, a V-~haped ~pace 31 i~ produced between the respective leg~ 28. A bowe~-out ~ection 49 for the passaye therethrough of a tensioning bolt 14 i8 provided towards the top of the legs in the central reyion. At a certain distance from the upper edges of these basement wall elements 24, rectangular holes 41 are provided in the legs 2R, and a nut 11, or a bolt-head, is located in these holes. The nut 11 lies again~t a washer 45 adapted to the hole 41 and provided with bent-up tabs to ~ ~,i ~:~L7~2~
hold it in position.
The horizontal floor joist 38 is ~upported on the upper edge of the basement wall elements 24. A
piece of sheet metal 47, serving to distribute the pre~ure, is di~posed b~tween the floor joiit 38 and the ver~ical profile post 2 placed thereon. A nut 11 is located in the cut-out 16 in the central web 7 of ~hi~
vertical profile post 2, being screwed onto the longitudinally slit tensioning bolt 14. The central web 7 of the vertical profile post Z project~ into this longitudinal slit in the tensioning bolt 14, 80 that a secure connection iB obtained when the nut 11 is ~crewed down tightly. The central web 7 and the longitudinal c~ntral axis of the floor joist 38 are located at least approximately in the same vertical plane. The distance "a" of this central web 7 ~hould ~nount to at least on~
and one third tilneR the width "b", and preferably to approxilllately one alld ~even-eighths time~ this width.
The end~ of the parallel leg~ 8 are provided with transverse tabs 10 which extend parallel ~o the cen~ral web 7. ~he end~ of th~ tabs 10 are ben~ inwards to forln vertical grooves lS.
In FIGURE 22, an embodiment is shown in which the basement wall element~ 24 rest at the base on the concrete foundations 3. The V-shaped space 3l forloed by two adjacent bcnt-out les 28 is open towar~s the out~ide of the building and is covered on the outside by a vertical rail 77. This ha~ a substantially U-shaped cro~s-section and each end engages behind the reRpective channels 83 at the ends of the legs 28 by inwardly-projecting rail sections 81. In order to enable the ~ertical rail~ 77 to be inser~ed in place, the end face of the floor joist 38 is set back relative to the channel 83. The legs 28 are traversed by a through-bolt 75 which holds one loop 85 of a wire cable 73 serving as a guying element. The wire cable 73 projects into the V-shaped space 31 between two adjacent legs 28 and extends obliquely downwardly to a picket 87 which is seated i~ the foundations 3 or has been harn~ered into the ground. The wire cable 73 i8 formed into a loop 89 in the vicinity o the picket B7. It i~ also possible to e~fect adju table tensioning of ~he wire cable 73 by using a tensioning bolt. This oblique tensioning is carried out mainly on 910ping sites, or when the building is provided with a basernent on one sille, to secure the basement wall elements against lateral pressure of earth piled against the building. A ceiling profile rail 91 with an angular cross-section is placed on the top edge of the ba~elnent wall element~ 24.
~IGURE 23 shows schema-tically how part of the builiding ~tructure carl serve as a transportation container in which the remaining ~tructural eleluents of the building which is to be erected ax~ corltained. Two floor joi~ts 38 can be used as ~kid~. In this way, the container 59 can be transported with the aid of a traction vehicle in ~now in an upright position, in the direction of the arrow T, the lang~h of the building being governed by the length of the floor joists 38, and the width correspondirlg approxirnately to the distance between the two floor jois-t~ 38. The dimensions of the ~ 25 ~
~74~8 trarls~or~d~ion contain~r 59 in the longitudinal direction of the roof ridge 57 i~ le~s than that of the finished erected ~uilding. In ~his way, addi~ional packiny cost~ are avoided an~ it is possible to deliver to site even larye-roomed buildinys wi~h d SlilalL
transportation volume.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the foregoing disclo~ure, many alterations and modifications are possible in the practice of this invention without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Accordingly, the scop~ of ~he invention i~ to be construed in accordance with the substance of the following claims.
Claims (16)
1. A building structure of the skeleton structure type with vertical profile posts resting on a foundation, characterized in that the central webs of the vertical profile posts are pierced in the vicinity of the base by at least one wire cable which extends parallel to the external walls of the building and which is passed through lower-lying holding devices, the holding devices being fixed in said foundation, and tensioning devices are provided by means of which the wire cable can be tensioned in a downwardly-directed manner whereby pressure down-wardly on the foundation is exerted on the vertical profile posts.
2. A building structure according to Claim 1 wherein the vertical profile posts are spacially oriented around the walls, including the corners, and at least the corner vertical profile posts rest on and are guyed onto a horizontal girder in the vicinity of the base of the posts by a longitudinally slit tensioning bolt which holds the web of the vertical profile post.
3. A building structure according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the vertical profile posts are constructed with an I-shaped girder cross-section with bent out flanges, by which two of said vertical profile posts are engagable with each other when juxtapositioned with one another in a corner location.
- Page 1 of Claims -
- Page 1 of Claims -
4. A building structure according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the vertical profile posts have therein substan-tially H-shaped holes spaced at intervals over more than half the length of their web.
5. A building structure according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the length of the web is at least one and one third times the width of the parallel legs.
6. A building structure according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein wall elements made of thermally insulating material are placed on both sides of the space in which the wire cable is located, the outer wall element being additionally covered by a facade element.
7. A building structure according to Claim 1 wherein basement wall elements with an approximately U-shaped horizontal cross-section are provided when wall elements are juxtapositioned to one another, the bent-out legs on the adjacent basement wall elements defining a V-shaped space, the legs each containing a bowed-out section for a tensioning bolt to pass therethrough, and the basement wall elements each having a hold therein for accomo-dating a nut or a bolt-head connected to the tensioning bolt.
8. A building structure according to Claim 7 wherein resting on the end face of two adjacent basement wall elements there is a horizontal floor girder through which a tensioning bolt passes, the bolt having therein a longitudinal slit at the top in which the central web of a vertical profile post engages.
9. Building construction comprising a foundation;
- Page 2 of Claims -a plurality of vertical posts positioned on said foundation and extending upwardly therefrom, spaced from each other;
a wire cable extending parallel to external walls of the building construction and attached to said vertical posts;
holding elements secured to said foundation, located intermediate the vertical posts and deflecting said wire cable from a straight-line direction between the posts, and securing the wire cable to the foundation, said wire cable being arranged in the shape of a V
which is open upwardly;
and tensioning means attached to the wire cable beyond said vertical posts for applying a down-wardly directed force vector to said posts towards the foundation and exerting downward pressure on the founda-tion by the vertical posts independently of the weight of building elements carried by said posts, and to hold said posts in upwardly directed position against the foundation.
- Page 2 of Claims -a plurality of vertical posts positioned on said foundation and extending upwardly therefrom, spaced from each other;
a wire cable extending parallel to external walls of the building construction and attached to said vertical posts;
holding elements secured to said foundation, located intermediate the vertical posts and deflecting said wire cable from a straight-line direction between the posts, and securing the wire cable to the foundation, said wire cable being arranged in the shape of a V
which is open upwardly;
and tensioning means attached to the wire cable beyond said vertical posts for applying a down-wardly directed force vector to said posts towards the foundation and exerting downward pressure on the founda-tion by the vertical posts independently of the weight of building elements carried by said posts, and to hold said posts in upwardly directed position against the foundation.
10. A building construction according to Claim 9 wherein two vertical post members are located at the corners, a horizontal girder member being located beneath the base of said posts;
and tension bolts holding the respective post member in vertical engagement with the horizontal girder member, said tension members engaging the post member and passing through the girder member.
- Page 3 of Claims -
and tension bolts holding the respective post member in vertical engagement with the horizontal girder member, said tension members engaging the post member and passing through the girder member.
- Page 3 of Claims -
11. A building construction according to Claim 10 wherein said vertical post members comprise I-shaped girder cross-sections having flanges with bent-out extensions which permit interengagement of two adjacent vertical post members, when juxtaposi-tioned with respect to each other in a corner location.
12. A building construction according to Claim 9 wherein said vertical post members have longitudinally extending webs;
and substantially H-shaped holes being formed in said webs, spaced at recurring intervals over more than half of the length of the web.
and substantially H-shaped holes being formed in said webs, spaced at recurring intervals over more than half of the length of the web.
13. A building construction according to Claim 9 wherein said post members comprise I-beam shaped elements having a web, the length of which is at least one and one third times the width of the parallel cross element of the I-beam post element.
14. A building construction according to Claim 9, further including wall elements made of thermally insulating material, and placed on both sides of a space in which the wire cable is located;
and a facade element being placed at the outer side of the outer wall element.
and a facade element being placed at the outer side of the outer wall element.
15. A building construction according to Claim 9, further comprising basement wall elements having an approximately U-shaped horizontal cross section;
the legs of adjacent basement wall elements being bent inwardly to form inwardly directed V-shaped spaces, the legs each containing a bowed-out or bulged out portion - Page 4 of Claims -and a tensioning bolt passing through the V-shaped space in the bowed-out or bulged-out portion, and connecting the basement wall elements to a floor girder;
said basement wall elements, in the region of the bowed-out or bulged-out portion being formed with an opening dimensioned to receive a nut or bolt head connected to the tensioning bolt.
the legs of adjacent basement wall elements being bent inwardly to form inwardly directed V-shaped spaces, the legs each containing a bowed-out or bulged out portion - Page 4 of Claims -and a tensioning bolt passing through the V-shaped space in the bowed-out or bulged-out portion, and connecting the basement wall elements to a floor girder;
said basement wall elements, in the region of the bowed-out or bulged-out portion being formed with an opening dimensioned to receive a nut or bolt head connected to the tensioning bolt.
16. A building construction according to Claim 15 wherein a vertical member is positioned above the girder member;
and said tensioning bolt passes through the girder member and into the vertical post member for engagement therewith and attachment thereto.
- Page 5 of Claims -
and said tensioning bolt passes through the girder member and into the vertical post member for engagement therewith and attachment thereto.
- Page 5 of Claims -
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000427122A CA1174428A (en) | 1981-01-30 | 1983-04-29 | Modular-skeleton type building |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369829A CA1152280A (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1981-01-30 | Modular-skeleton type building |
| CA000427122A CA1174428A (en) | 1981-01-30 | 1983-04-29 | Modular-skeleton type building |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369829A Division CA1152280A (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1981-01-30 | Modular-skeleton type building |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1174428A true CA1174428A (en) | 1984-09-18 |
Family
ID=25669245
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000427122A Expired CA1174428A (en) | 1981-01-30 | 1983-04-29 | Modular-skeleton type building |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1174428A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-04-29 CA CA000427122A patent/CA1174428A/en not_active Expired
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