CA1169412A - Method of producing a lined structure - Google Patents
Method of producing a lined structureInfo
- Publication number
- CA1169412A CA1169412A CA000374352A CA374352A CA1169412A CA 1169412 A CA1169412 A CA 1169412A CA 000374352 A CA000374352 A CA 000374352A CA 374352 A CA374352 A CA 374352A CA 1169412 A CA1169412 A CA 1169412A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cavities
- space
- walls
- metal powder
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
METHOD OF PRODUCING A LINED STRUCTURE
Abstract of the Disclosure The method of forming a lining in the cavities of a body by application of powdered metal consolidated and bonded thereon by a hot isostatic pressing process. A space lining the cavities in the body is provided by tubular members, one intersecting with the other, powdered metal fills the space, a vacuum is drawn on the space, the body is subjected to forming conditions and then the body cavities are machined to their final shape with such machining generally removing the tubular members.
Abstract of the Disclosure The method of forming a lining in the cavities of a body by application of powdered metal consolidated and bonded thereon by a hot isostatic pressing process. A space lining the cavities in the body is provided by tubular members, one intersecting with the other, powdered metal fills the space, a vacuum is drawn on the space, the body is subjected to forming conditions and then the body cavities are machined to their final shape with such machining generally removing the tubular members.
Description
Back~round There is a need for a high strength structure with cor-rosion resistant internal metal surfaces as, for example, a gate valve installed in a line containing corrosive fluids under high pressure~ Such a valve could be made of AISI 4130 steel and have an interior (valve chamber and passages~ lined with a 300 Series stainless steel.
Many attempts have been made to provide such structures.
U.S. Patent Nos. 3,349,789 and 2,497,780 each provide valves with liners which must be secured and sealed in the flow passages but no provisions are made to line the valve chambers.
Products have been made by the hot isostatic pressure process by creating a space which is filled wlth powdered metal and surrounded with a flexible material which can main-tain a seal under the forming temperature and pressure. The powdered metal when subjected to the heat and pressure becomes consolidated into the desired shape. The prior art methods have been devoted to forming solid structures or coating the exterior of a structure. Other e~amples of prior art may be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,631,5~3, 3,992,202 and 4,142,888, but such prior art does not disclose any method of using the hot isostatic pressing process to form a lining within cavities of a structure such as, for example, a valve body or a blowout preventer body.
Summary The present invention relates to an improved hot iso-static pressing method of lining the cavities of a body. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is well known in the art and is des-cribed, for example, in Chapter 9 of the "Powder Metallurgy Equipment Manual" of the Powder Metallurgy Equipment Association, 2nd Ed. 1977. The method includes the steps of establishing a space within the body cavities bounded by the cavity walls and a yieldable mold filling the space with a powdered metal, draw-ing a vacuum on the space, and subjecting the body to forming temperature and pressure whereby a lining of the consolidated powdered metal is formed with the body cavity.
In accordance with one aspect, the invention is the method of lining a body having a plurality of intersecting cavities including the steps of positioning a thin metal struc-ture within each of said cavities of said body in spaced relationto the walls of said cavities, securing said metal structures to said body to provide an interconnected space within said cavities, filling said space with metal powder, evacuating gas from said space, and subjecting said body, said structures, and said powder to elevated temperature and pressure sufficient to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected metal coating lining said cavities.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is the method of lining a body having a plurality of intersecting cavities including the steps of securing and sealing a thin metal sealed structure within the intersecting body cavities in spaced relation to the walls of the cavities to provide an ,, ",:
interconnected sealed space between said structure and the walls of said cavities, filling said interconnected sealed space with metal powder, evacuating gas from the said space, subjecting the body with the sealed structure and metal powder therein to a temperature of approximately 2100F and pressure of approximately 15,000 psi for a period of approximately two hours, to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected lining in said cavities, cooling the lined body, and machining the lined cavities to the desired dimensions.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is the method of lining a metal body having intersecting cavities including the steps of positioning a pressure -transmitting m~tal mold within and spaced from the walls of the intersecting cavities in the body to provide an interconnected sealed space within said cavities, filling the interconnected space between the mold and the walls of said cavities with metal powder, drawing a vacuum on said space filled with metal powder, and subjecting the body and mold to sufficient temperature and pressure for a sufficiently long period to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected metal lining of the cavities.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is the method of applying a corrosion resistant coating to inter-secting internal surfaces of a high strength pressure vessel comprising securing and sealing a yieldable mold in spaced relationship to the surfaces to be coated to provide an inter-connected sealed space lining said surfaces, filling the space between the surfaces and the mold with metal powder, drawing a vacuum in the space, and subjecting the mold, metal powder and structure to elevated temperature and pressure sufficient to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected metal coating on the surfaces.
- 2a -,.. .
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is the method of producing a lined valve structure from a body having a chamber and flow passages connected therewith including the steps of machining the walls of the chamber and the flow passages over-sized in a valve body, nickel plating the machined walls of the chamber and the flow passages, inserting a stainless steel can into the chamber, said can being sized to be spaced from the machined, nickel-plated walls of the chamber, a sleeve extending through and sealed to said can, inserting a stainless steel tube into the body flow passages and through the sleeve, said sleeve being spaced from the machined, nickel-plated walls of the flow passages, securing end closure rings around the open ends of said can and said tube, securing said end closure rings to the exterior of said valve body to ensure that said can and said sleeve are spaced uniformly from the machined walls of the body, one of said closure rings having a fill tube extending therethrough, flowing a stainless steel metal powder through said fill tube into the space in said cavity and passages surrounding said can and said tube, vibrating said val~e body to assure complete filling of the space with the metal powder, withdrawing gas from said space to reduce the pressure therein, closing and sealing the fill tube, heating the body, can, sleeve and metal powder under forming pressure to forming tem~erature in an autoclave, maintaining the temperature and pressure in the autoclave for the sufficient ti~e to cause the metal powder to be consolidated into a lining, allowing the lined body to cool, and machining the lined chamber and passages to their desired dimensions.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is the method of producing a lined valve structure from a body having a chamber and flow passages connected therewith including the steps of machining the walls of the chamber and the flow passages over-sized in a valve body, nickel plating the machined - 2b -4 ~ ~
walls of the chamber and the flow passages, inserting a stain-less steel can into the chamber, said can being sized to be spaced from the machined, nickel-plated walls of the chamber, inserting a can into the body flow passages, said cans being sized to be spaced from the machined, nickel-plated walls of the flow passages and from the can in the chamber, securing end closure rings around the open ends of said cans, securing said end closure rings to the exterior of said valve body to ensure that said cans are spaced uniformly from the machined walls of the body, one of said closure rings having a fill tube extending therethrough, flowing a stainless steel metal powder through said fill tube into the space in said cavity and passages sur-rounding said cans, vibrating said valve body to assure complete filling of the space with the metal powder, withdrawing gas from said space to reduce the pressure therein, closing and sealing the fill tube, heating the body, cans, and metal powder under forming pressure to forming temperature in an autoclave, main-taining the temperature and pressure in the autoclave for the sufficient time to cause the metal powder to be consolidated into a lining, allowing the lined body to cool, and machining the lined chamber and passages to their desired dimensions.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is a lined valve body comprising an alloy steel body having a valve chamber and flow passages intersecting therewith, and a hot isostatic pressure consolidated powdered metal lining the walls of the valve chamber and the flow passages.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is a lined structure comprising a body having a plurality of inter-secting cavities therein, and a hot isostatic pressure consoli-dated powdered metal lining the walls of the cavities.
- 2c -Brief Description of the Drawings These and other objects and advantages of the present invention are hereinafter set forth and explained with reference to the drawings wherein:
- 2d -'f,~
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a valve body illus-trating the struc~ure used to provide the space within the cavities of the structure.
FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the completed struc-ture showing the finished structure with the consolidated metal lining after machining.
Descri~tion of the Preferred Embodiments Valve body 10, shown in FIG. 1, is an alloy steel struc-ture having cavities including flow passages 12 and valve chamber 14 which are to be provided with a corrosion resistant lining.
To prepare for the addition of metal powder, can 16, having thin tube 18, flat bottom 20 and thin sleeve 22 ex-tending through the intermediate portion of tube 18 is in-serted into valve chamber 14. Bottom 20 is sealed to the end of tube 18 as by welding and sleeve 22 is also sealed to tube 18 as by welding. Thin tube 24 is inserted through passages 12 and sleeve 22 as shown. Ring 26 is welded to the exterior of can 16 and to ~he exterior of body 10 as shown and rings 28 and 30 are welded around the ends of tube 24 and to the exterior of body 10. Fill tube 32 extends through ring 26 and fill tube 34 extends through ring 30. The structure of can 16, tube 24 and their sealing rings 26, 28 and 30 provides a space 36 within the walls of passages 12 and chamber 14.
This structure functions as a pressure transmitting yieldable mold or thin metal sealed structure as hereinafter explained.
It is important that all of the welds in the structure of can 16, sleeve 22 and tube 24 be air tight and remain so during the consolidation step to exclude air from the heated metal powder.
4 ~ ~
Space 36 within body cavities 12 and 14 is then filled through fill tubes 32 and 34 with a suitable metal po~der, such as 316 stainless steel. It is recommended that body 10 be vibrated during filling of space 36 so that it is com-pletely filled with the metal powder before proceeding to the next step. It is preferred that the material of can 16, tube 24 and rings 26, 28 and 30 be similar to the material used for the lining. Also, it is suggested that space be sufficiently large to provide a lining of consolida~ed metal which is sufficiently thick to allow for machininy to the final shape without any depressions or holidays in the fini-shed lining. When the same material is used for can 16 and tube 24, a portlon of the fininshed lining may be the material of can 16 and tube 24.
When space 36 is completely filled, a vacuum is drawn thereon by connection of suitable means such as a vacuum pump (not shown) to either or both of fill tuhes 32 and 34. Suffi-cient vacuum should be drawn so that the amount of gases present in space 36 will not interfere with the formation of a suitable consolidated metal lining. When the desired vacuum is reached fill tubes 32 and 34 are closed and sealed. If desired, suitable valves (not shown) may be secured thereon so that they may be closed when the vacuum drawing step is fini-shed. Such valve~ are recommended to be leak proof when subjected to forming conditions.
Thereafter, body 10 is placed in an autoclave (not shown) or other suitable device wharein it is subjected to forming temperature (2100F approximately1 and pressure (15,000 psi approximately). The body 10 is retained in such forming condition for several hours and then it is allowed to cool.
During exposure to forming conditions in the autoclave, can 16 and tube 24~ being yieldable, are expanded to compress 1~(34~2 the powdered metal against the walls of passages 12 and cham-ber 14. The heat and pressure thus cause the metal to be consolidated into a solid lining within the body which is completely bonded to the walls of passages 12 and chamber 14.
If can 16 and tube 24 are made of the same material as the lining, they will be integral with the lining and may form a part of the final product.
The cooled body 10 is heat treated as required to obtain the desired mechanical properties and then machined to the shape shown in FIG. 3. It then has a uniform smooth corrosion resistant lining 40 on the walls of passages 12 and cham-ber 14. If can 16 and tube 24 are made of a different mater-ial from the lining, they will preferably be en~irely removed during the machining step.
It is suggested that the walls to be lined by the method of the present invention be nickel plated as preparation for the forming of a lining by the method of the present inven-tion. It is believed that the nickel plating prevents oxida-tion, helps obtain bond continuity and prevents the chrome in the metal powder from migrating into the alloy and forming an undesired martensitic structure.
It is contemplate~ that the method of the present inven-tion may be used to provide linings of nickel, nick~l alloys, tantalum, Hastelloy alloys, copper, copper alloysl cobalt base alloys, stainless steels and titanium alloys and carbides bonded to a body of various grades of alloy steel, carbon - steel or stainless steels.
The method of the present invention provides a lining on the walls of intersecting bores or cavities in a thick-walled pressure vessel by using the pressuxe vessel as the base metal to accept the hot isostatic pressed metal powder. The struc-ture shown and described is an alloy steel valve body lined X
with stainless steel. The method may be used to line the bore and guideways of a blowout preventer body by using two stain-less steel tubes as the mold around the space in which the metal powder is placed in place of the tube and can described.
The formation conditions (temperature, pressure~ time and degree of vacuu~) are well known and should be adjusted to the particular materials being used.
Many attempts have been made to provide such structures.
U.S. Patent Nos. 3,349,789 and 2,497,780 each provide valves with liners which must be secured and sealed in the flow passages but no provisions are made to line the valve chambers.
Products have been made by the hot isostatic pressure process by creating a space which is filled wlth powdered metal and surrounded with a flexible material which can main-tain a seal under the forming temperature and pressure. The powdered metal when subjected to the heat and pressure becomes consolidated into the desired shape. The prior art methods have been devoted to forming solid structures or coating the exterior of a structure. Other e~amples of prior art may be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,631,5~3, 3,992,202 and 4,142,888, but such prior art does not disclose any method of using the hot isostatic pressing process to form a lining within cavities of a structure such as, for example, a valve body or a blowout preventer body.
Summary The present invention relates to an improved hot iso-static pressing method of lining the cavities of a body. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is well known in the art and is des-cribed, for example, in Chapter 9 of the "Powder Metallurgy Equipment Manual" of the Powder Metallurgy Equipment Association, 2nd Ed. 1977. The method includes the steps of establishing a space within the body cavities bounded by the cavity walls and a yieldable mold filling the space with a powdered metal, draw-ing a vacuum on the space, and subjecting the body to forming temperature and pressure whereby a lining of the consolidated powdered metal is formed with the body cavity.
In accordance with one aspect, the invention is the method of lining a body having a plurality of intersecting cavities including the steps of positioning a thin metal struc-ture within each of said cavities of said body in spaced relationto the walls of said cavities, securing said metal structures to said body to provide an interconnected space within said cavities, filling said space with metal powder, evacuating gas from said space, and subjecting said body, said structures, and said powder to elevated temperature and pressure sufficient to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected metal coating lining said cavities.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is the method of lining a body having a plurality of intersecting cavities including the steps of securing and sealing a thin metal sealed structure within the intersecting body cavities in spaced relation to the walls of the cavities to provide an ,, ",:
interconnected sealed space between said structure and the walls of said cavities, filling said interconnected sealed space with metal powder, evacuating gas from the said space, subjecting the body with the sealed structure and metal powder therein to a temperature of approximately 2100F and pressure of approximately 15,000 psi for a period of approximately two hours, to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected lining in said cavities, cooling the lined body, and machining the lined cavities to the desired dimensions.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is the method of lining a metal body having intersecting cavities including the steps of positioning a pressure -transmitting m~tal mold within and spaced from the walls of the intersecting cavities in the body to provide an interconnected sealed space within said cavities, filling the interconnected space between the mold and the walls of said cavities with metal powder, drawing a vacuum on said space filled with metal powder, and subjecting the body and mold to sufficient temperature and pressure for a sufficiently long period to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected metal lining of the cavities.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is the method of applying a corrosion resistant coating to inter-secting internal surfaces of a high strength pressure vessel comprising securing and sealing a yieldable mold in spaced relationship to the surfaces to be coated to provide an inter-connected sealed space lining said surfaces, filling the space between the surfaces and the mold with metal powder, drawing a vacuum in the space, and subjecting the mold, metal powder and structure to elevated temperature and pressure sufficient to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected metal coating on the surfaces.
- 2a -,.. .
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is the method of producing a lined valve structure from a body having a chamber and flow passages connected therewith including the steps of machining the walls of the chamber and the flow passages over-sized in a valve body, nickel plating the machined walls of the chamber and the flow passages, inserting a stainless steel can into the chamber, said can being sized to be spaced from the machined, nickel-plated walls of the chamber, a sleeve extending through and sealed to said can, inserting a stainless steel tube into the body flow passages and through the sleeve, said sleeve being spaced from the machined, nickel-plated walls of the flow passages, securing end closure rings around the open ends of said can and said tube, securing said end closure rings to the exterior of said valve body to ensure that said can and said sleeve are spaced uniformly from the machined walls of the body, one of said closure rings having a fill tube extending therethrough, flowing a stainless steel metal powder through said fill tube into the space in said cavity and passages surrounding said can and said tube, vibrating said val~e body to assure complete filling of the space with the metal powder, withdrawing gas from said space to reduce the pressure therein, closing and sealing the fill tube, heating the body, can, sleeve and metal powder under forming pressure to forming tem~erature in an autoclave, maintaining the temperature and pressure in the autoclave for the sufficient ti~e to cause the metal powder to be consolidated into a lining, allowing the lined body to cool, and machining the lined chamber and passages to their desired dimensions.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is the method of producing a lined valve structure from a body having a chamber and flow passages connected therewith including the steps of machining the walls of the chamber and the flow passages over-sized in a valve body, nickel plating the machined - 2b -4 ~ ~
walls of the chamber and the flow passages, inserting a stain-less steel can into the chamber, said can being sized to be spaced from the machined, nickel-plated walls of the chamber, inserting a can into the body flow passages, said cans being sized to be spaced from the machined, nickel-plated walls of the flow passages and from the can in the chamber, securing end closure rings around the open ends of said cans, securing said end closure rings to the exterior of said valve body to ensure that said cans are spaced uniformly from the machined walls of the body, one of said closure rings having a fill tube extending therethrough, flowing a stainless steel metal powder through said fill tube into the space in said cavity and passages sur-rounding said cans, vibrating said valve body to assure complete filling of the space with the metal powder, withdrawing gas from said space to reduce the pressure therein, closing and sealing the fill tube, heating the body, cans, and metal powder under forming pressure to forming temperature in an autoclave, main-taining the temperature and pressure in the autoclave for the sufficient time to cause the metal powder to be consolidated into a lining, allowing the lined body to cool, and machining the lined chamber and passages to their desired dimensions.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is a lined valve body comprising an alloy steel body having a valve chamber and flow passages intersecting therewith, and a hot isostatic pressure consolidated powdered metal lining the walls of the valve chamber and the flow passages.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention is a lined structure comprising a body having a plurality of inter-secting cavities therein, and a hot isostatic pressure consoli-dated powdered metal lining the walls of the cavities.
- 2c -Brief Description of the Drawings These and other objects and advantages of the present invention are hereinafter set forth and explained with reference to the drawings wherein:
- 2d -'f,~
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a valve body illus-trating the struc~ure used to provide the space within the cavities of the structure.
FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the completed struc-ture showing the finished structure with the consolidated metal lining after machining.
Descri~tion of the Preferred Embodiments Valve body 10, shown in FIG. 1, is an alloy steel struc-ture having cavities including flow passages 12 and valve chamber 14 which are to be provided with a corrosion resistant lining.
To prepare for the addition of metal powder, can 16, having thin tube 18, flat bottom 20 and thin sleeve 22 ex-tending through the intermediate portion of tube 18 is in-serted into valve chamber 14. Bottom 20 is sealed to the end of tube 18 as by welding and sleeve 22 is also sealed to tube 18 as by welding. Thin tube 24 is inserted through passages 12 and sleeve 22 as shown. Ring 26 is welded to the exterior of can 16 and to ~he exterior of body 10 as shown and rings 28 and 30 are welded around the ends of tube 24 and to the exterior of body 10. Fill tube 32 extends through ring 26 and fill tube 34 extends through ring 30. The structure of can 16, tube 24 and their sealing rings 26, 28 and 30 provides a space 36 within the walls of passages 12 and chamber 14.
This structure functions as a pressure transmitting yieldable mold or thin metal sealed structure as hereinafter explained.
It is important that all of the welds in the structure of can 16, sleeve 22 and tube 24 be air tight and remain so during the consolidation step to exclude air from the heated metal powder.
4 ~ ~
Space 36 within body cavities 12 and 14 is then filled through fill tubes 32 and 34 with a suitable metal po~der, such as 316 stainless steel. It is recommended that body 10 be vibrated during filling of space 36 so that it is com-pletely filled with the metal powder before proceeding to the next step. It is preferred that the material of can 16, tube 24 and rings 26, 28 and 30 be similar to the material used for the lining. Also, it is suggested that space be sufficiently large to provide a lining of consolida~ed metal which is sufficiently thick to allow for machininy to the final shape without any depressions or holidays in the fini-shed lining. When the same material is used for can 16 and tube 24, a portlon of the fininshed lining may be the material of can 16 and tube 24.
When space 36 is completely filled, a vacuum is drawn thereon by connection of suitable means such as a vacuum pump (not shown) to either or both of fill tuhes 32 and 34. Suffi-cient vacuum should be drawn so that the amount of gases present in space 36 will not interfere with the formation of a suitable consolidated metal lining. When the desired vacuum is reached fill tubes 32 and 34 are closed and sealed. If desired, suitable valves (not shown) may be secured thereon so that they may be closed when the vacuum drawing step is fini-shed. Such valve~ are recommended to be leak proof when subjected to forming conditions.
Thereafter, body 10 is placed in an autoclave (not shown) or other suitable device wharein it is subjected to forming temperature (2100F approximately1 and pressure (15,000 psi approximately). The body 10 is retained in such forming condition for several hours and then it is allowed to cool.
During exposure to forming conditions in the autoclave, can 16 and tube 24~ being yieldable, are expanded to compress 1~(34~2 the powdered metal against the walls of passages 12 and cham-ber 14. The heat and pressure thus cause the metal to be consolidated into a solid lining within the body which is completely bonded to the walls of passages 12 and chamber 14.
If can 16 and tube 24 are made of the same material as the lining, they will be integral with the lining and may form a part of the final product.
The cooled body 10 is heat treated as required to obtain the desired mechanical properties and then machined to the shape shown in FIG. 3. It then has a uniform smooth corrosion resistant lining 40 on the walls of passages 12 and cham-ber 14. If can 16 and tube 24 are made of a different mater-ial from the lining, they will preferably be en~irely removed during the machining step.
It is suggested that the walls to be lined by the method of the present invention be nickel plated as preparation for the forming of a lining by the method of the present inven-tion. It is believed that the nickel plating prevents oxida-tion, helps obtain bond continuity and prevents the chrome in the metal powder from migrating into the alloy and forming an undesired martensitic structure.
It is contemplate~ that the method of the present inven-tion may be used to provide linings of nickel, nick~l alloys, tantalum, Hastelloy alloys, copper, copper alloysl cobalt base alloys, stainless steels and titanium alloys and carbides bonded to a body of various grades of alloy steel, carbon - steel or stainless steels.
The method of the present invention provides a lining on the walls of intersecting bores or cavities in a thick-walled pressure vessel by using the pressuxe vessel as the base metal to accept the hot isostatic pressed metal powder. The struc-ture shown and described is an alloy steel valve body lined X
with stainless steel. The method may be used to line the bore and guideways of a blowout preventer body by using two stain-less steel tubes as the mold around the space in which the metal powder is placed in place of the tube and can described.
The formation conditions (temperature, pressure~ time and degree of vacuu~) are well known and should be adjusted to the particular materials being used.
Claims (18)
1. The method of lining a body having a plurality of intersecting cavities including the steps of positioning a thin metal structure within each of said cavities of said body in spaced relation to the walls of said cavities, securing said metal structures to said body to provide an interconnect-ed space within said cavities, filling said space with metal powder, evacuating gas from said space, and subjecting said body, said structures, and said powder to elevated temperature and pressure sufficient to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected metal coating lining said cav-ities.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said thin metal structure includes a can positioned in each of said cavities and spaced from the walls of the cavities and from each other.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein said thin metal structure includes a can in one cavity and a sleeve extending slidably through said can and in the other inter-secting cavity.
4. The method of lining a body having a plurality of intersecting cavities including the steps of securing and sealing a thin metal sealed structure within the intersecting body cavities in spaced relation to the walls of the cavities to provide an interconnected sealed space between said struc-ture and the walls of said cavities, filling said intercon-nected sealed space with metal powder, evacuating gas from the said space, subjecting the body with the sealed structure and metal powder therein to a temperature of approximately 2100°F
and pressure of approximately 15,000 psi for a period of approximately two hours, to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected lining in said cavities, cooling the lined body, and machining the lined cavities to the desired dimensions.
and pressure of approximately 15,000 psi for a period of approximately two hours, to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected lining in said cavities, cooling the lined body, and machining the lined cavities to the desired dimensions.
5. The method according to claim 4 including the steps of nickel plating said body cavities prior to said securing step.
6. The method according to claim 4 wherein said machin-ing step removes the thin metal sealed structure from the interior of the lined cavities.
7. The method according to claim 4 wherein said cav-ities include two intersecting cavities.
8. The method of lining a metal body having intersect-ing cavities including the steps of positioning a pressure transmitting metal mold within and spaced from the walls of the intersecting cavities in the body to provide an intercon-nected sealed space within said cavities, filling the inter-connected space between the mold and the walls of said cav-ities with metal powder, drawing a vacuum on said space filled with metal powder, and subjecting the body and mold to suffi-cient temperature and pressure for a sufficiently long period to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform intercon-nected metal lining of the cavities.
9. The method of applying a corrosion resistant coating to intersecting internal surfaces of a high strength pressure vessel comprising securing and sealing a yieldable mold in spaced relationship to the surfaces to be coated to provide an interconnected sealed space lining said surfaces, filling the space between the surfaces and the mold with metal powder, drawing a vacuum in the space, and subjecting the mold, metal powder and structure to elevated temperature and pressure sufficient to consolidate the metal powder into a dense uniform interconnected metal coating on the surfaces.
10. The method according to claim 9 including the step of nickel plating said surfaces prior to the securing step.
11. The method according to claim 9 wherein said vessel is a high strength alloy steel and said coating is a stainless steel.
12. The method according to claim 9 including the step of machining off the mold and excess coating.
13. The method according to claim 11 wherein said mold is stainless steel and including the step of machining said mold and coating to provide the desired corrosion resistant internal surfaces.
14. The method of producing a lined valve structure from a body having a chamber and flow passages connected therewith including the steps of machining the walls of the chamber and the flow passages over-sized in a valve body, nickel plating the machined walls of the chamber and the flow passages, inserting a stainless steel can into the chamber, said can being sized to be spaced from the machined, nickel-plated walls of the chamber, a sleeve extending through and sealed to said can, inserting a stainless steel tube into the body flow passages and through the sleeve, said sleeve being spaced from the machined, nickel-plated walls of the flow passages, securing end closure rings around the open ends of said can and said tube, securing said end closure rings to the exterior of said valve body to ensure that said can and said sleeve are spaced uniformly from the machined walls of the body, one of said closure rings having a fill tube extending therethrough, flowing a stainless steel metal powder through said fill tube into the space in said cavity and passages surrounding said can and said tube, vibrating said valve body to assure com-plete filling of the space with the metal powder, withdrawing gas from said space to reduce the pressure therein, closing and sealing the fill tube, heating the body, can, sleeve and metal powder under forming pressure to forming temperature in an autoclave, maintaining the temperature and pressure in the autoclave for the sufficient time to cause the metal powder to be consolidated into a lining, allowing the lined body to cool, and machining the lined chamber and passages to their desired dimensions.
15. The method of producing a lined valve structure from a body having a chamber and flow passages connected therewith including the steps of machining the walls of the chamber and the flow passages over-sized in a valve body, nickel plating the machined walls of the chamber and the flow passages, inserting a stainless steel can into the chamber, said can being sized to be spaced from the machined, nickel-plated walls of the chamber, inserting a can into the body flow passages, said cans being sized to be spaced from the ma-chined, nickel-plated walls of the flow passages and from the can in the chamber, securing end closure rings around the open ends of said cans, securing said end closure rings to the exterior of said valve body to ensure that said cans are spaced uniformly from the machined walls of the body, one of said closure rings having a fill tube extending therethrough, flowing a stainless steel metal powder through said fill tube into the space in said cavity and passages surrounding said cans, vibrating said valve body to assure complete filling of the space with the metal powder, withdrawing gas from said space to reduce the pressure therein, closing and sealing the fill tube, heating the body, cans, and metal powder under forming pressure to forming temperature in an autoclave, maintaining the temperature and pressure in the autoclave for the sufficient time to cause the metal powder to be consol-idated into a lining, allowing the lined body to cool, and machining the lined chamber and passages to their desired dimensions.
16. A lined valve body comprising an alloy steel body having a valve chamber and flow passages intersecting there-with, and a hot isostatic pressure consolidated powdered metal lining the walls of the valve chamber and the flow passages.
17. A lined structure comprising a body having a plurality of intersecting cavities therein, and a hot isostatic pressure consolidated powdered metal lining the walls of the cavities.
18. A lined structure produced in accordance with the method of claim 1 wherein the lined cavities in the structure are continuously lined intersecting cavities.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13887480A | 1980-04-10 | 1980-04-10 | |
| US06/138,874 | 1980-04-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1169412A true CA1169412A (en) | 1984-06-19 |
Family
ID=22484052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000374352A Expired CA1169412A (en) | 1980-04-10 | 1981-04-01 | Method of producing a lined structure |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS56156704A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR225958A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU539934B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1169412A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH643766A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3114659A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI811095L (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2491189B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2073783B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX156130A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO160289C (en) |
| SG (1) | SG87885G (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA812303B (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2522543A1 (en) * | 1982-03-05 | 1983-09-09 | Rolls Royce | PROCESS FOR APPLYING A COMPOSITE MATERIAL COATING ON PARTS |
| EP0089155A3 (en) * | 1982-03-05 | 1983-12-07 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Composite articles and a method for their manufacture |
| CA1206130A (en) * | 1982-04-10 | 1986-06-17 | William L. Mccollough | Valve body with powdered metal lining and method for making the same |
| GR79748B (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1984-10-31 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | |
| US4544523A (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1985-10-01 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Cladding method for producing a lined alloy article |
| US4606883A (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1986-08-19 | J. Wizemann Gmbh & Co. | Method of manufacturing a metallic composite article |
| CA1259458A (en) * | 1984-02-08 | 1989-09-19 | Edward L. Raymond | Wellhead structure and method of producing same |
| JPS60181208A (en) * | 1984-02-28 | 1985-09-14 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Manufacture of multi-shaft cylinder for plastic molding machine |
| JPS6126705A (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1986-02-06 | Kinzoku Giken Kk | Formation of metallic coating surface onto metallic product by hip treatment |
| JPS62235402A (en) * | 1986-04-02 | 1987-10-15 | Nippon Koshuha Kogyo Kk | Production of composite hollow member |
| JPS63219507A (en) * | 1987-03-09 | 1988-09-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Lining method with lining material |
| DE3726056A1 (en) * | 1987-08-06 | 1989-03-02 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPONENTS WITH DIFFERENT WALL THICKNESSES |
| US4976915A (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1990-12-11 | Kuroki Kogyosho Co., Ltd. | Method for forming a powdered or a granular material |
| IE69544B1 (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1996-09-18 | Fordbrook Eng Ltd | A lining method and apparatus |
| JP2721132B2 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1998-03-04 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Oil-free screw compressor |
| US6878412B2 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2005-04-12 | Bodycote Imt, Inc. | Corrosion resistant component and method for fabricating same |
| EP1892372A1 (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-02-27 | Cameron International Corporation | Flow block |
| EP3486029A1 (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-05-22 | HIPtec AS | A method for manufacturing a metal based frame, and a metal based frame |
| CN115570781A (en) * | 2022-10-04 | 2023-01-06 | 罗浮阀门集团有限公司 | Valve body lining process of safety valve |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2497780A (en) * | 1945-04-27 | 1950-02-14 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Reducing thermal shock high-temperature valve |
| FR1015184A (en) * | 1950-02-27 | 1952-08-28 | Advanced Globe Valve | |
| US3349789A (en) * | 1965-05-24 | 1967-10-31 | Gray Tool Co | Lubricated wedge gate valve |
| US3753704A (en) * | 1967-04-14 | 1973-08-21 | Int Nickel Co | Production of clad metal articles |
| BE758306A (en) * | 1969-11-12 | 1971-04-01 | Federal Mogul Corp | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SENSITIVELY MASSIVE EXTRUDED PRODUCTS FROM A POWDERED METAL |
| GB1392716A (en) * | 1971-05-11 | 1975-04-30 | Ici Ltd | Moulding |
| US3992202A (en) * | 1974-10-11 | 1976-11-16 | Crucible Inc. | Method for producing aperture-containing powder-metallurgy article |
| AT344346B (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1978-07-10 | Voest Ag | DEVICE FOR LEADING A CAST RAND |
| US4016008A (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1977-04-05 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Clad metal tubes |
| US4065302A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1977-12-27 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Powdered metal consolidation method |
| US4137619A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1979-02-06 | General Electric Company | Method of fabricating composite structures for water cooled gas turbine components |
| US4135286A (en) * | 1977-12-22 | 1979-01-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Sputtering target fabrication method |
-
1981
- 1981-03-30 GB GB8109896A patent/GB2073783B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-01 CA CA000374352A patent/CA1169412A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-06 AU AU69117/81A patent/AU539934B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-04-07 ZA ZA00812303A patent/ZA812303B/en unknown
- 1981-04-08 MX MX186764A patent/MX156130A/en unknown
- 1981-04-08 CH CH235681A patent/CH643766A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-04-09 FR FR8107142A patent/FR2491189B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-09 FI FI811095A patent/FI811095L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-04-09 NO NO811228A patent/NO160289C/en unknown
- 1981-04-10 AR AR284929A patent/AR225958A1/en active
- 1981-04-10 DE DE19813114659 patent/DE3114659A1/en active Granted
- 1981-04-10 JP JP5420781A patent/JPS56156704A/en active Granted
-
1985
- 1985-11-23 SG SG878/85A patent/SG87885G/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2491189B1 (en) | 1986-05-16 |
| CH643766A5 (en) | 1984-06-29 |
| JPS649365B2 (en) | 1989-02-17 |
| AU6911781A (en) | 1981-10-15 |
| SG87885G (en) | 1986-07-18 |
| GB2073783A (en) | 1981-10-21 |
| NO811228L (en) | 1981-10-12 |
| MX156130A (en) | 1988-07-15 |
| DE3114659A1 (en) | 1982-01-28 |
| DE3114659C2 (en) | 1991-12-19 |
| JPS56156704A (en) | 1981-12-03 |
| AU539934B2 (en) | 1984-10-25 |
| NO160289B (en) | 1988-12-27 |
| NO160289C (en) | 1989-04-05 |
| GB2073783B (en) | 1984-10-10 |
| AR225958A1 (en) | 1982-05-14 |
| ZA812303B (en) | 1982-04-28 |
| FR2491189A1 (en) | 1982-04-02 |
| FI811095L (en) | 1981-10-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |