CA1166043A - Process for producing a powder metal part - Google Patents
Process for producing a powder metal partInfo
- Publication number
- CA1166043A CA1166043A CA000357866A CA357866A CA1166043A CA 1166043 A CA1166043 A CA 1166043A CA 000357866 A CA000357866 A CA 000357866A CA 357866 A CA357866 A CA 357866A CA 1166043 A CA1166043 A CA 1166043A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- powder metal
- composition
- producing
- ranging
- dew point
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
Abstract
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A POWDER METAL PART
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A process for producing a powder metal part is disclosed.
A powder metal composition comprising 1.0 - 2.5% Ni, 0.3 - 0.7% Mo, 0.15 - 0.30% Mn, 0.5 - 1.5 % Cu, 0.3 - 0.7% C, 0.5 - 1.0% zinc stearate, the balance being Fe, is first compacted. The compressed part is sintered at a temperature of about 2000°F to 2150°F for about 15 to 30 minutes in a furnace having a dew point ranging from about 20°F to 60°F and under an endothermic atmosphere.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A process for producing a powder metal part is disclosed.
A powder metal composition comprising 1.0 - 2.5% Ni, 0.3 - 0.7% Mo, 0.15 - 0.30% Mn, 0.5 - 1.5 % Cu, 0.3 - 0.7% C, 0.5 - 1.0% zinc stearate, the balance being Fe, is first compacted. The compressed part is sintered at a temperature of about 2000°F to 2150°F for about 15 to 30 minutes in a furnace having a dew point ranging from about 20°F to 60°F and under an endothermic atmosphere.
Description
.ti6UgL3 BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
I. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a process for producing powder metal parts from an Fe-Ni Mn-Mo powder composition which contains small amounts of copper.
II. Description of the Prior Art Many commercial powder metals are available for fabrication of metal parts by compacting, sintering, and heat treating. One of the more frequently used and readily available metal powders is manufactured and marketed by Hoeganaes Corp. under the trade ~k~ Ancorsteel 4600V. Although this metal powder when used in the fabrication of parts has shown good results, it has certain shortcomings which would be advantageous to eliminateO The specific composition of Ancorsteel 4600V is 1.8% Ni, 0.25~ Mn, 0.5% Mo and the balance being Fe. This composition with appro-priate amounts of carbon and zinc stearate will hereina~ter be referred to as the known composition. It has been found that using this composition results in too much shrinkage during the sintering stage and the parts are generally difficult to machine.
Obviously, it would be advantageous if these shortcomings could be eliminated without sacrificing the generally high strength and ductility possessed in parts made from such a metal powder composition.
_z_ ., ' ~
'6~ 3 ~I
SUMMARY OP THE INVENTION
It has been found unusually advantageous to add a small quantity of copper to the Xnown composition when metal parts are to be fabricated. Including the small quantity of copper to the known composition and processing parts made from these composi-tions in accordance with the process described hereinbelow has not only resulted in better machinability and reduction of shrinkage of the parts, but surprisingly has yielded parts with higher tensile strengths and higher toughness. The known com-position with a small amount of copper will hereinafter be referred to as the disclosed composition. Furthermore, all per-cent figures described herein are percent by weight unless ex-pressed otherwise.
The basic objects of this invention are achieved by proc-essing powder metal parts by compacting a powder metal composition q comprising 1.0 - 2.5% Ni, 0.3 - 0.7% Mo, O.lS - 0.30% Mn, 0~5 -1.5~ Cu, 0.3 - 0~7~ Cr 0.5 - 1.0% zinc stearate, the balance being Fe; and sintering the compressed part at a temperature ranging from about 2000F to 2150E~ for about 15 to 30 minutes in a fur~
nace having a dew point ranging from about 20F to 60F and under an endothermic atmosphere~ It is preferred that the powder be compacted under sufficient pressure to form a part having a density -ranging from about 6~4 g/cc to about 7.1 gjcc. Furthermore~ a sin-tering temperature of about 2050F with a dew point of about 3Q -35F has been found to be ideally suited for this process. Although many of the known endothermic type atmospheres can be used, I have found that an atmosphere comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon monoxide is preferred.
6'(~3 ~ESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBGDIMENTS
It has been found tha~ adding 0.5 - 1.5% copper to known mix-tures of 1.0 - 2.5% Ni, 0.15 - 0.30% Mn, 0~3 - 0.7~ Mo~ 0.3 0.7~ C
and 0.5 - 1.0% zinc stearate, the balance being iron, has resulted in a metal powder which, when compacted, sintered and heat treated, results in a metal part having unusually good properties. This is particularly true of the metal part that results from the sin-tering stage. As is known, it is advantageous to have a sintered piece with high strength as the same may be subjected to stresses during the heat treat stageO
In adding the copper to the known composition and sintering in accordance with the process described herein, it was found that the tensile strength increased after heat treating, the fracture tough-ness increased after heat treating and as to machineabllity it was found that drill bits used to machine the heat treated products made in a~cordance with this invention lasted from 50 - 100% longer.
EXAMPLE I
. .
A composition was prepared having the following ingredients:
Material Amount Copper 0.82 Glidden Metals Corp.
Graphite 0-55%
Grade 1651 Southwestern Çraphite Co.
Zinc Stearate 0.75%
Zinc Stearate PM
Penick Corp.
Pre-Alloyed Powder Ni 1.8 Ancorsteel 4600V Mo 0.6 Hoeganaes Corp. Mn 0.25~
Fe Balance A 1.25" X 0.5" x ~25" transverse rupture bar was compacted at 50 tsi and sintered at 2050F for 15 - 30 minutes, with a dew point of 35 - 55F and under endothermic atmosphere. There was only 0.0006" shrinkage in length. After carbonitriding at 1550~
for 30 minutes, the base was oil quenched and tempered at 350F
for one hour. There was only 0.0008" expansion.
In addition to maintaining stable dimensions, high strength and toughness was also achieved.
A number of samples having the above dimensions from both the known and the disclosed compositions were made in processes similar to that described above. In one series of tests the per-centages of components as stated above were kept constant and the amount of copper was varied from 0O77 to 1. 22% r In another series of tests the percentages of components were kept constant as stated above and the carbon content was varied from 0.35 to 0.55%. All such samples were found to give superior results.
The samples resulting from Example I were found to have a transverse rupture strength of approximately 160,~00 psi after sintering and a transverse rupture strength of approximately 200,000 psi after heat treating for the disclosed composition.
This compares with a transverse rupture strength of approxi~ately 1~1,000 psi for the known composition in the sintered condition and approximately 196,000 psi in the heated treated condition~
Th~ disclosed composition was found to have a fractured toughness as sintered o~ approximately 21~000 psi-inl/2 and 23,000 psi-inl/2 in the heat treated condition. This compares with the known com-position having a sintered fractured toughness of approximately 21,000 psi-inl/2 both in the sintered and heat treated condition.
-With respect to machineability, a test was run wherein a drill bit with a load of 24 lbs. was applied to the above samples and rotated at a speed of ltO00 RPM. These loades were applied to samples whicn had a thickness of approximately 1/4". For the dis-closed composition it was found that approximately 11 seconds were re~uired to drill through a sample and for the known composition approximately 15 seconds were required. Even more significant was that the drill bit showed considerably more wear after drilling through the known composition than it did after drilling through the disclosed composition.
The tensile strength of samples made from the disclosed com-position was measured at 81,000 psi sintered and 125,000 psi heat treated whereas samples made ~rom the known composition were found to be 75,000 psi and 110,000 psi respectively.
EXAMPLE I I
A composition was prepared having the following ingredients:
Material Amount Copper 1.0%
G~idden Metals Corp.
Graphite 0.45 Grade 1651 Southwestern Graphite Co.
Zinc Stearate 0~75 Zinc Stearate PM
Penick Corp~
Pre-Alloyed Powder Ni 1.8%
Ancorsteel 4600V Mo 0,5%
-~ ~oeganaes Corp. Mn 0.2%
Fe Balance The above composition was compacted as follows:
Density Pressure , 6.72 g/cc 40 tsi 6.4 ~/cc 28 tsi The composition was sintered in a moving belt sintering furnace under the following conditions:
Endothermic Atmosphere 60~ ~by vol.) N
20% (by volO) H2 20~ tby vol.) CO
Dew Point 31F and 61F
. . . _ .
Temperature 2050F (~ 50F) Time at Temperature 15 minutes (Belt speed of approxi-mately 2 ft.~min.) Cooling Rate 1.5 to 2.5 F/sec.
The properties of the sintered composition were as follows:
Transverse Dimensional Bulk Dens ~ ~uptu.re Strength Chan~e Hardness 6.72 124,000 psi 0.0004'l (shrinkage) RB 65 6.48 9~,000 psi 0.0007"
(shrinkage) ~ 50 When parts formed of the Ancorsteel 4600V alloy with 0.45%
carbon ~known composition) was sintered by the process described herein the following properties were observed.
Transverse Dimensional Bulk Density Ru~ture Strength Change Hardness . . . ~
6.76 110,000 psi 0.0025"
(shrinkage) ~ 60 -~ 6.5 92,000 psi 0.0028"
- (shrinkage) ~ 50 Example III
A composition was prepared having the following ingredients:
Material Amount .
Copper ~o75%
Alcan 8081 Graphite 0-53 Grade 1651-B
Southwestern Graphite Co.
zinc Stearate 0.76 Mallinckrodt Flowmet 2 Pre-Alloyed Powder Ni 1.85 Ancorsteel 4600V Mo 0.52~
Hoeganaes Corp. Mn 0.1~%
Fe Balance The above composition was compacted as follows:
Density Pressure 7.~3 g/cc 50 tsi The composition was sintered in a moving belt sintering furnace under the following conditions.
Endothermic Atmosphe_e 40% tby vol.) N2 40% (by vol.) H2 20% (by vol.) CO
Dew Point 35F
: Tem~erature 2050F (_ 20F) Time at Temperature 27 minutes Cooling Rate 10F/se~.
The properties of the sintered composition were as follows:
Transverse DimensionalBulk - Densit~ Rupture Strength chan~e Hardness . . _ ~ . . _ . ~
7.03 ~/cc 175,000 psi 0.~002"
(shrinkage)RC 27 As a consequence, it has been found that substantially better results are achieved by making parts using the known composition when 0.5 - 1.5~ of copper is added thereto, and by employing the sinterin~ process as disclosed. These findin~s have been unexpected as one would not expect the increased physical properties that have been discovered.
I. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a process for producing powder metal parts from an Fe-Ni Mn-Mo powder composition which contains small amounts of copper.
II. Description of the Prior Art Many commercial powder metals are available for fabrication of metal parts by compacting, sintering, and heat treating. One of the more frequently used and readily available metal powders is manufactured and marketed by Hoeganaes Corp. under the trade ~k~ Ancorsteel 4600V. Although this metal powder when used in the fabrication of parts has shown good results, it has certain shortcomings which would be advantageous to eliminateO The specific composition of Ancorsteel 4600V is 1.8% Ni, 0.25~ Mn, 0.5% Mo and the balance being Fe. This composition with appro-priate amounts of carbon and zinc stearate will hereina~ter be referred to as the known composition. It has been found that using this composition results in too much shrinkage during the sintering stage and the parts are generally difficult to machine.
Obviously, it would be advantageous if these shortcomings could be eliminated without sacrificing the generally high strength and ductility possessed in parts made from such a metal powder composition.
_z_ ., ' ~
'6~ 3 ~I
SUMMARY OP THE INVENTION
It has been found unusually advantageous to add a small quantity of copper to the Xnown composition when metal parts are to be fabricated. Including the small quantity of copper to the known composition and processing parts made from these composi-tions in accordance with the process described hereinbelow has not only resulted in better machinability and reduction of shrinkage of the parts, but surprisingly has yielded parts with higher tensile strengths and higher toughness. The known com-position with a small amount of copper will hereinafter be referred to as the disclosed composition. Furthermore, all per-cent figures described herein are percent by weight unless ex-pressed otherwise.
The basic objects of this invention are achieved by proc-essing powder metal parts by compacting a powder metal composition q comprising 1.0 - 2.5% Ni, 0.3 - 0.7% Mo, O.lS - 0.30% Mn, 0~5 -1.5~ Cu, 0.3 - 0~7~ Cr 0.5 - 1.0% zinc stearate, the balance being Fe; and sintering the compressed part at a temperature ranging from about 2000F to 2150E~ for about 15 to 30 minutes in a fur~
nace having a dew point ranging from about 20F to 60F and under an endothermic atmosphere~ It is preferred that the powder be compacted under sufficient pressure to form a part having a density -ranging from about 6~4 g/cc to about 7.1 gjcc. Furthermore~ a sin-tering temperature of about 2050F with a dew point of about 3Q -35F has been found to be ideally suited for this process. Although many of the known endothermic type atmospheres can be used, I have found that an atmosphere comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon monoxide is preferred.
6'(~3 ~ESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBGDIMENTS
It has been found tha~ adding 0.5 - 1.5% copper to known mix-tures of 1.0 - 2.5% Ni, 0.15 - 0.30% Mn, 0~3 - 0.7~ Mo~ 0.3 0.7~ C
and 0.5 - 1.0% zinc stearate, the balance being iron, has resulted in a metal powder which, when compacted, sintered and heat treated, results in a metal part having unusually good properties. This is particularly true of the metal part that results from the sin-tering stage. As is known, it is advantageous to have a sintered piece with high strength as the same may be subjected to stresses during the heat treat stageO
In adding the copper to the known composition and sintering in accordance with the process described herein, it was found that the tensile strength increased after heat treating, the fracture tough-ness increased after heat treating and as to machineabllity it was found that drill bits used to machine the heat treated products made in a~cordance with this invention lasted from 50 - 100% longer.
EXAMPLE I
. .
A composition was prepared having the following ingredients:
Material Amount Copper 0.82 Glidden Metals Corp.
Graphite 0-55%
Grade 1651 Southwestern Çraphite Co.
Zinc Stearate 0.75%
Zinc Stearate PM
Penick Corp.
Pre-Alloyed Powder Ni 1.8 Ancorsteel 4600V Mo 0.6 Hoeganaes Corp. Mn 0.25~
Fe Balance A 1.25" X 0.5" x ~25" transverse rupture bar was compacted at 50 tsi and sintered at 2050F for 15 - 30 minutes, with a dew point of 35 - 55F and under endothermic atmosphere. There was only 0.0006" shrinkage in length. After carbonitriding at 1550~
for 30 minutes, the base was oil quenched and tempered at 350F
for one hour. There was only 0.0008" expansion.
In addition to maintaining stable dimensions, high strength and toughness was also achieved.
A number of samples having the above dimensions from both the known and the disclosed compositions were made in processes similar to that described above. In one series of tests the per-centages of components as stated above were kept constant and the amount of copper was varied from 0O77 to 1. 22% r In another series of tests the percentages of components were kept constant as stated above and the carbon content was varied from 0.35 to 0.55%. All such samples were found to give superior results.
The samples resulting from Example I were found to have a transverse rupture strength of approximately 160,~00 psi after sintering and a transverse rupture strength of approximately 200,000 psi after heat treating for the disclosed composition.
This compares with a transverse rupture strength of approxi~ately 1~1,000 psi for the known composition in the sintered condition and approximately 196,000 psi in the heated treated condition~
Th~ disclosed composition was found to have a fractured toughness as sintered o~ approximately 21~000 psi-inl/2 and 23,000 psi-inl/2 in the heat treated condition. This compares with the known com-position having a sintered fractured toughness of approximately 21,000 psi-inl/2 both in the sintered and heat treated condition.
-With respect to machineability, a test was run wherein a drill bit with a load of 24 lbs. was applied to the above samples and rotated at a speed of ltO00 RPM. These loades were applied to samples whicn had a thickness of approximately 1/4". For the dis-closed composition it was found that approximately 11 seconds were re~uired to drill through a sample and for the known composition approximately 15 seconds were required. Even more significant was that the drill bit showed considerably more wear after drilling through the known composition than it did after drilling through the disclosed composition.
The tensile strength of samples made from the disclosed com-position was measured at 81,000 psi sintered and 125,000 psi heat treated whereas samples made ~rom the known composition were found to be 75,000 psi and 110,000 psi respectively.
EXAMPLE I I
A composition was prepared having the following ingredients:
Material Amount Copper 1.0%
G~idden Metals Corp.
Graphite 0.45 Grade 1651 Southwestern Graphite Co.
Zinc Stearate 0~75 Zinc Stearate PM
Penick Corp~
Pre-Alloyed Powder Ni 1.8%
Ancorsteel 4600V Mo 0,5%
-~ ~oeganaes Corp. Mn 0.2%
Fe Balance The above composition was compacted as follows:
Density Pressure , 6.72 g/cc 40 tsi 6.4 ~/cc 28 tsi The composition was sintered in a moving belt sintering furnace under the following conditions:
Endothermic Atmosphere 60~ ~by vol.) N
20% (by volO) H2 20~ tby vol.) CO
Dew Point 31F and 61F
. . . _ .
Temperature 2050F (~ 50F) Time at Temperature 15 minutes (Belt speed of approxi-mately 2 ft.~min.) Cooling Rate 1.5 to 2.5 F/sec.
The properties of the sintered composition were as follows:
Transverse Dimensional Bulk Dens ~ ~uptu.re Strength Chan~e Hardness 6.72 124,000 psi 0.0004'l (shrinkage) RB 65 6.48 9~,000 psi 0.0007"
(shrinkage) ~ 50 When parts formed of the Ancorsteel 4600V alloy with 0.45%
carbon ~known composition) was sintered by the process described herein the following properties were observed.
Transverse Dimensional Bulk Density Ru~ture Strength Change Hardness . . . ~
6.76 110,000 psi 0.0025"
(shrinkage) ~ 60 -~ 6.5 92,000 psi 0.0028"
- (shrinkage) ~ 50 Example III
A composition was prepared having the following ingredients:
Material Amount .
Copper ~o75%
Alcan 8081 Graphite 0-53 Grade 1651-B
Southwestern Graphite Co.
zinc Stearate 0.76 Mallinckrodt Flowmet 2 Pre-Alloyed Powder Ni 1.85 Ancorsteel 4600V Mo 0.52~
Hoeganaes Corp. Mn 0.1~%
Fe Balance The above composition was compacted as follows:
Density Pressure 7.~3 g/cc 50 tsi The composition was sintered in a moving belt sintering furnace under the following conditions.
Endothermic Atmosphe_e 40% tby vol.) N2 40% (by vol.) H2 20% (by vol.) CO
Dew Point 35F
: Tem~erature 2050F (_ 20F) Time at Temperature 27 minutes Cooling Rate 10F/se~.
The properties of the sintered composition were as follows:
Transverse DimensionalBulk - Densit~ Rupture Strength chan~e Hardness . . _ ~ . . _ . ~
7.03 ~/cc 175,000 psi 0.~002"
(shrinkage)RC 27 As a consequence, it has been found that substantially better results are achieved by making parts using the known composition when 0.5 - 1.5~ of copper is added thereto, and by employing the sinterin~ process as disclosed. These findin~s have been unexpected as one would not expect the increased physical properties that have been discovered.
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A process for producing a powder metal part comprising the steps of compacting a powder metal composition comprising 1.0 - 2.5 wt.% Ni, 0.3 - 0.7 wt.% Mo, 0.15 - 0.30 wt.% Mn, 0.5 - 1.5 wt.% Cu, 0.3 - 0.7 wt.% C, 0.5 - 1.0 wt.% æinc stearate, the balance being Fe; and sintering the compressed part at a temper-ature ranging from about 2000°F to about 2150°F for about 15 to about 30 minutes in a furnace having a dew point ranging from about 20°F to about 60°F and under an endothermic atmosphere.
2. A process for producing a powder metal part comprising the steps of compacting a powder metal composition comprising 1.0 - 2.5 wt.% Ni, 0.3 - 0.7 wt.% Mo, 0.15 - 0.30 wt.% Mn, 0.5 - 1.5 wt.% Cu, 0.3 - 0.7 wt.% C, 0.5 - 1.0 wt.% zinc stearate, the balance being Fe under sufficient pressure to form a part having a density ranging from about 6.4 g/cc to about 7.1 g/cc; and sintering the compressed part at a temperature ranging from about 2000°F to abou-t 2150°F for about 15 to about 30 minutes in a furnace having a,dew point ranging from about 20°F to abouk 60°F
and under an endothermic atmosphere.
and under an endothermic atmosphere.
3. A process according to claim 2 wherein said sintering kemperature is about 2050°F.
4. A process according to claim 2 wherein said dew point ranges from about 30 - 35°F.
5. A process according to claim 2 wherein said endothermic atmosphere is formed of a gas comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US6824879A | 1979-08-20 | 1979-08-20 | |
| US068,248 | 1979-08-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1166043A true CA1166043A (en) | 1984-04-24 |
Family
ID=22081348
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000357866A Expired CA1166043A (en) | 1979-08-20 | 1980-08-08 | Process for producing a powder metal part |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0024217B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5669351A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6137380A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8005201A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1166043A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3068524D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107419186A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-12-01 | 张家港振江粉末冶金制品有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method of helical gear |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5069714A (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1991-12-03 | Quebec Metal Powders Limited | Segregation-free metallurgical powder blends using polyvinyl pyrrolidone binder |
| SE9101819D0 (en) * | 1991-06-12 | 1991-06-12 | Hoeganaes Ab | ANNUAL BASED POWDER COMPOSITION WHICH SINCERATES GOOD FORM STABILITY AFTER SINTERING |
| CN101680063B (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2013-06-19 | 霍加纳斯股份有限公司 | Iron-based powder and composition thereof |
| MY153686A (en) * | 2009-08-17 | 2015-03-13 | Univ Sains Malaysia | A process for producing a metal-matrix composite of significant ?cte between the hard base-metal and the soft matrix |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1492601A (en) * | 1966-09-13 | 1967-08-18 | Hoganas Billesholms Ab | Process for manufacturing low alloy powder and powder thus obtained |
| GB1541006A (en) * | 1975-11-12 | 1979-02-21 | Bsa Sintered Components Ltd | Metal powder compositions |
| SE7612279L (en) * | 1976-11-05 | 1978-05-05 | British Steel Corp | FINALLY DISTRIBUTED STEEL POWDER, AND WAY TO PRODUCE THIS. |
| US4094559A (en) * | 1976-12-30 | 1978-06-13 | Textron Inc. | Flanged bearing cartridge |
| GB1576143A (en) * | 1977-07-20 | 1980-10-01 | Brico Eng | Sintered metal articles |
| DE7828214U1 (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1979-01-04 | Britax (Wingard) Ltd., Chichester, Sussex (Grossbritannien) | LATCH FOR CONNECTING SEAT BELTS |
| US4170474A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1979-10-09 | Pitney-Bowes | Powder metal composition |
-
1980
- 1980-08-08 CA CA000357866A patent/CA1166043A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-12 AU AU61373/80A patent/AU6137380A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1980-08-18 BR BR8005201A patent/BR8005201A/en unknown
- 1980-08-19 JP JP11393680A patent/JPS5669351A/en active Pending
- 1980-08-20 EP EP80302885A patent/EP0024217B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-20 DE DE8080302885T patent/DE3068524D1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107419186A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-12-01 | 张家港振江粉末冶金制品有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method of helical gear |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0024217A1 (en) | 1981-02-25 |
| AU6137380A (en) | 1981-02-26 |
| BR8005201A (en) | 1981-03-04 |
| DE3068524D1 (en) | 1984-08-16 |
| JPS5669351A (en) | 1981-06-10 |
| EP0024217B1 (en) | 1984-07-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |