CA1164425A - Luminaire apparatus with multiple light source - Google Patents
Luminaire apparatus with multiple light sourceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1164425A CA1164425A CA000376632A CA376632A CA1164425A CA 1164425 A CA1164425 A CA 1164425A CA 000376632 A CA000376632 A CA 000376632A CA 376632 A CA376632 A CA 376632A CA 1164425 A CA1164425 A CA 1164425A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- socket
- cam
- axis
- reflector
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
- F21V19/04—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders with provision for changing light source, e.g. turret
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fastening Of Light Sources Or Lamp Holders (AREA)
Abstract
TITLE
LUMINAIRE APPARATUS WITH MULTIPLE LIGHT SOURCES INCLUDING
METHOD AND MEANS FOR SWITCHING AND ADJUSTING FOCUS OF THE
LIGHT SOURCE
ABSTRACT
A holder, for example a multiple light source socket, is mechanically travelled in a supporting structure, in both rotary and linear paths of travel.
Rotary travel provides for interchangeably locating lamps along a focal axis in a luminaire housing. Linear travel of the socket provides a focusing adjustment for each lamp along the focal axis to position it at a desired point of focus. In one form the supporting structure may comprise a miner's cap lamp having an externally located knob which may be manually turned by a miner to move the socket member. Other forms of supporting structures and movable parts may be provided as hereinafter disclosed.
LUMINAIRE APPARATUS WITH MULTIPLE LIGHT SOURCES INCLUDING
METHOD AND MEANS FOR SWITCHING AND ADJUSTING FOCUS OF THE
LIGHT SOURCE
ABSTRACT
A holder, for example a multiple light source socket, is mechanically travelled in a supporting structure, in both rotary and linear paths of travel.
Rotary travel provides for interchangeably locating lamps along a focal axis in a luminaire housing. Linear travel of the socket provides a focusing adjustment for each lamp along the focal axis to position it at a desired point of focus. In one form the supporting structure may comprise a miner's cap lamp having an externally located knob which may be manually turned by a miner to move the socket member. Other forms of supporting structures and movable parts may be provided as hereinafter disclosed.
Description
~1~4425 BAC~GROUND OF THE INVENTION
It has been recognized in the luminaire art that it is advantageous, in certain types of luminaires, to provide dual light sources, the second of which may be utilized as a backup light source in the event of failure of the first or primary light source.
Desirable features of such an arrangement may include:
(1) substan~ially identical operating and optical character-istics of the system, regardless of which light source is energized; (2) both light sources focusable, i.e. the dim-ensional relationship between the filament of the energizedlight source and the focal point of the optical system ~reflector, lens, etc.) being adjustable along the focal, i.e., central axis of the optical system; (3) switching means to selectively energize and position the light sources, as well as to provide an "off" (neither source energized) position; and (4) switching, positioning and focusing prefer-ably being accomplished by rotation of a single switch knob mounted externally of the luminaire apparatus.
Use of multiple light sources and means for energizing such light sources is well known in the art and has been disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patents 1184400,1845399, 2079732, 3529146, 3529147, 2123435 and 1757887~
More recently by the assignee of the present invention has disclosed a rotating socket arrangement carrying a plur-ality of bulbs combined with a housing body and operated by manual rotation of a knob member to selectively move one bulb out of a focal point of an optical system and another bulb into the said focal point while energizing same. However this arrangement does provide means for individual focusing of either of the light sources.
Similarly, the multiple light source arrangements of the prior art patents noted above do not provide for individual focusing of alternative light sources. To date no proposed system, so far as the applicants are aware, has met all of the above criteria in a satisfactory manner.
~S MI~ARY OF THE_INVENTION
This inven~ion is ~oncerned with a luminaire apparatus having multiple light sourees and with a method and means for switching and adjusting focus of the light sources. The invention further relates in general to an improved method and apparatus for meehanically producing travel of a holder part in a supporting struc-ture, wherein the movable part may be reversibly rotated, with its axis of rotation being movable along a linear path of travel whieh is at right angles to the said axis of rotation.
It is a ehief objeet of the invention to provide an improved luminaire apparatus in w}~ich a baekup or emergency light souree is provided in addition to a primary light souree. A luminaire of the sort used as a miner's cap lamp is particularly of interest.
It is another objeet of the invention to provide two or more separate light sourees in the form of separate bulbs, selectively energizable by manual adjustment of a switch knob loeated externally of the luminaire body~ in which eaeh of the light sourees, when energized, will pro-vide optical lighting characteristics of substantially equivalent quality but which may ha~e differing intensity.
It is a still further object of the invention ~o provide individual focus adjustment for eaeh energized light source, to be accomplished by moving the said light source along a focal axis of the optical system of the luminaire apparatus, S
Still another object of the invention is to provide an "off" position in which no bulb is energized in a location intermediate of adjacent energized posi-tions.
Still another object of the invention is to provide all of the functions recited above by means of continuous and reversible rotation of a single switch knob.
It has been determined that the foregoing ob-jectives may be realized by mounting a holder body such as a multiple light source socket in a supporting struc-ture which may be a luminaire housing having a reflector body to produce both rotary and linear travel. In carrying out these mo~ions there has been devised a unique cam structure and cam follower part. The cam follower part is constructed integrally with the multiple light source socket and is arranged to be resiliently held in engagement with the cam structure.
Rotary travel induced, for example, by turning the cam structure with a knob located externally of the luminaire housing provides for interchangeably locating lamps in the multiple light source socket along a focal axis of the reflector body. Linear travel of the socket, also induced by rotating the cam structure, provides a focusing adjustment for each lamp along the focal axis to position it at a desired point of focus. A further important feature of the invention is the construction of the luminaire housing with chambers and guide parts as well as channeled portions in which the movement of the compo-nents may be carried out in a desired manner.
BRlEF D~SCRlPTION OF THE ~RAWII~GS
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the luminaire apparatus of the invention.
Figure 2 i6 a rear elevational view of the apparatus of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a front elevationa] view of the apparatus with a lens portion partly broken away to show a socket aperture and bulb mounted in the socket.
Figure 4 is an exploded view of the apparatus showing constituent parts thereof in perspective.
Figure 5 is a frorlt elevational view of the housing body with all components removed.
Figure 6 is is a plan cross-sectional view taken centrally of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a detail perspective view of a dual socket component of the invention as viewed from the rear to illustrate a caM follower portion formed in the socket member.
Figure 8 is a plan cross-section taken on the line 8-8 of Figure 1.
Figure 9 is a plan cross-section similar to Figure 8, but showing the socket component in a different position of adjustment.
Figure 10 is another cross-section similar to Figures 8 and 9, but illustrating the socket advanced forwardly in the housing to provide a focusing adjustment.
Figure 11 is another view similar to Figures 8-10, but illustrating the socket in an intermediate "off" position of the electrical switching means.
Figure 12 is a view ~urther illustrating the apparatus of Figures 8-11 with the socket having been rotated to position a second ~ulb along the focal axis.
Figure 13 again illustrates the arrangement of Figure 12 with the socket in an advanced position.
Figure 14 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the apparatus.
Figure 15 is a detail elevational view showing fragmentarily portions of the housing and electrical engagement of the contact elements.
Figure 16 is a perspective view of a cam element.
Figure 17 is an end view of the cam element of Figure 16.
Figure 18 is a diagrammatic plan view of a cam and a portion of a cam follower.
Figure 19 is a graph showing values used to derive the surfaces of the cam.
Figure 20 is another graph showing other values used to derive the surface of the cam.
Figure 21 is a cross-section taken on the cam along vertical line 21-21 of Figure 17.
Figure 22 is a table of dimensions which relate to the derivation of Figure 21.
Figure 23 is an elevational view of another form of cam.
Figure 24 is an end view of the cam of Figure 23.
It has been recognized in the luminaire art that it is advantageous, in certain types of luminaires, to provide dual light sources, the second of which may be utilized as a backup light source in the event of failure of the first or primary light source.
Desirable features of such an arrangement may include:
(1) substan~ially identical operating and optical character-istics of the system, regardless of which light source is energized; (2) both light sources focusable, i.e. the dim-ensional relationship between the filament of the energizedlight source and the focal point of the optical system ~reflector, lens, etc.) being adjustable along the focal, i.e., central axis of the optical system; (3) switching means to selectively energize and position the light sources, as well as to provide an "off" (neither source energized) position; and (4) switching, positioning and focusing prefer-ably being accomplished by rotation of a single switch knob mounted externally of the luminaire apparatus.
Use of multiple light sources and means for energizing such light sources is well known in the art and has been disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patents 1184400,1845399, 2079732, 3529146, 3529147, 2123435 and 1757887~
More recently by the assignee of the present invention has disclosed a rotating socket arrangement carrying a plur-ality of bulbs combined with a housing body and operated by manual rotation of a knob member to selectively move one bulb out of a focal point of an optical system and another bulb into the said focal point while energizing same. However this arrangement does provide means for individual focusing of either of the light sources.
Similarly, the multiple light source arrangements of the prior art patents noted above do not provide for individual focusing of alternative light sources. To date no proposed system, so far as the applicants are aware, has met all of the above criteria in a satisfactory manner.
~S MI~ARY OF THE_INVENTION
This inven~ion is ~oncerned with a luminaire apparatus having multiple light sourees and with a method and means for switching and adjusting focus of the light sources. The invention further relates in general to an improved method and apparatus for meehanically producing travel of a holder part in a supporting struc-ture, wherein the movable part may be reversibly rotated, with its axis of rotation being movable along a linear path of travel whieh is at right angles to the said axis of rotation.
It is a ehief objeet of the invention to provide an improved luminaire apparatus in w}~ich a baekup or emergency light souree is provided in addition to a primary light souree. A luminaire of the sort used as a miner's cap lamp is particularly of interest.
It is another objeet of the invention to provide two or more separate light sourees in the form of separate bulbs, selectively energizable by manual adjustment of a switch knob loeated externally of the luminaire body~ in which eaeh of the light sourees, when energized, will pro-vide optical lighting characteristics of substantially equivalent quality but which may ha~e differing intensity.
It is a still further object of the invention ~o provide individual focus adjustment for eaeh energized light source, to be accomplished by moving the said light source along a focal axis of the optical system of the luminaire apparatus, S
Still another object of the invention is to provide an "off" position in which no bulb is energized in a location intermediate of adjacent energized posi-tions.
Still another object of the invention is to provide all of the functions recited above by means of continuous and reversible rotation of a single switch knob.
It has been determined that the foregoing ob-jectives may be realized by mounting a holder body such as a multiple light source socket in a supporting struc-ture which may be a luminaire housing having a reflector body to produce both rotary and linear travel. In carrying out these mo~ions there has been devised a unique cam structure and cam follower part. The cam follower part is constructed integrally with the multiple light source socket and is arranged to be resiliently held in engagement with the cam structure.
Rotary travel induced, for example, by turning the cam structure with a knob located externally of the luminaire housing provides for interchangeably locating lamps in the multiple light source socket along a focal axis of the reflector body. Linear travel of the socket, also induced by rotating the cam structure, provides a focusing adjustment for each lamp along the focal axis to position it at a desired point of focus. A further important feature of the invention is the construction of the luminaire housing with chambers and guide parts as well as channeled portions in which the movement of the compo-nents may be carried out in a desired manner.
BRlEF D~SCRlPTION OF THE ~RAWII~GS
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the luminaire apparatus of the invention.
Figure 2 i6 a rear elevational view of the apparatus of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a front elevationa] view of the apparatus with a lens portion partly broken away to show a socket aperture and bulb mounted in the socket.
Figure 4 is an exploded view of the apparatus showing constituent parts thereof in perspective.
Figure 5 is a frorlt elevational view of the housing body with all components removed.
Figure 6 is is a plan cross-sectional view taken centrally of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a detail perspective view of a dual socket component of the invention as viewed from the rear to illustrate a caM follower portion formed in the socket member.
Figure 8 is a plan cross-section taken on the line 8-8 of Figure 1.
Figure 9 is a plan cross-section similar to Figure 8, but showing the socket component in a different position of adjustment.
Figure 10 is another cross-section similar to Figures 8 and 9, but illustrating the socket advanced forwardly in the housing to provide a focusing adjustment.
Figure 11 is another view similar to Figures 8-10, but illustrating the socket in an intermediate "off" position of the electrical switching means.
Figure 12 is a view ~urther illustrating the apparatus of Figures 8-11 with the socket having been rotated to position a second ~ulb along the focal axis.
Figure 13 again illustrates the arrangement of Figure 12 with the socket in an advanced position.
Figure 14 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the apparatus.
Figure 15 is a detail elevational view showing fragmentarily portions of the housing and electrical engagement of the contact elements.
Figure 16 is a perspective view of a cam element.
Figure 17 is an end view of the cam element of Figure 16.
Figure 18 is a diagrammatic plan view of a cam and a portion of a cam follower.
Figure 19 is a graph showing values used to derive the surfaces of the cam.
Figure 20 is another graph showing other values used to derive the surface of the cam.
Figure 21 is a cross-section taken on the cam along vertical line 21-21 of Figure 17.
Figure 22 is a table of dimensions which relate to the derivation of Figure 21.
Figure 23 is an elevational view of another form of cam.
Figure 24 is an end view of the cam of Figure 23.
2~
Figure 25 is a diagraT~natic plan view of another form of cam and cam follower arrangement.
Figure 26 is a chart showing values used to derive ~he cam surface o~ the cam shown in Figure 25. ~
Figure 27 is another chart showing further values which may be used to derive the surface of the cam shown in Figure 25.
Figures 28 and 29 are charts illustrating values used to construct the surface of a modified form of cam.
Figures 30 to 33 illustrate a modification of the invention in which a holder body is utili~ed to position sensing devices including light sensing and heat sensing.
Figures 34 through 37 illustrate another modification of the invention in which a holder body is utilized to transfer energy in machine tooling operation.
Figure 38 is a diagram illustrating values used in deriving a cam surface which provides a constant pressure angle between a cam and a cam follower surface.
1~4~Z5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVF,NTION
The present invention relates broadly to an improved method and apparatus for mechanically producing travel of a movable holder part in a supportin~ struct~re, wherein the holder part may be reversibly rotated with its S axis of rotation being reciprocably movable along a linear path of travel which is perpendicular to the said axis of rotation. Travel of the holder part, thus controlled, is based upon the concept of utilizing a three-dimensional cam which, in a preferred embodiment, is of lobular con-struction presenting a surface mathematically derived froma plurality of predetermined dimensional relationshi?s.
In one preferred form the invention is concerned .with a luminiare apparatus characterized by multiple light sources in a movable socket structure, and further characterized by a cam follower and three-dimensional cam arrangemen~ for switching and adjusting the light sources in a manner parti-cularly suited to the requirements for a miner's cap lamp apparatus.
Principal parts of the invention apparatus include:
20 (1) a housing which ls formed with a cam and socket charnber;
(2) a reflector body which is rnounted in the housing and formed with a socket aperture; (3) a cam assembly rotatably supported in the cam and socket chamber; (4) a multiple light source socket located between the cam assembly and the reflector body and mounted for rotation in the cam and socket chamber about an axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the cam assembly; and (5) means for resiliently urging the socket into engagement with the cam assembly.
1~ 25 Consideri.ny these parts in more detail, attention is directed to Figure 1. This Figure illustrates one ernbodi-ment of the invention appara-tus generally denoted by the arrow 1 and includes a housing 2 closed at one side by a lens 4. At an opposite side the housi.ng is formed with an exten-sion denoted by the arrow 6. The extension 6 const.itutes an enclosure which defines a cam and socket chamber hereinafter described in detail. In Figure 2 the extension 6 is further illustrated as viewed from the rear.
In Figure 3 the front of the housing 2 is illus-trated with portions of the lens 4 being broken away to more clearly show a reflector body 8. An inner part of reflector body 8 is removed to provi.de a socket aperture 10 in which is received a socket reflector portion 12 and a bulb member 17.
Fiyure 4 i]lustrates the housing 2 on a larger scale and with a portion broken away to more clearly show the cam assembly rotatably mounted in a cam and socket cham-ber denoted by arrow 11. Arrow S denotes a multiple liaht source socket removed from the chamber, together with means for engaging the socket with the cam assembly. In this embodiment the socket is designed to receive a pair of bulbs including bulbs 17 and 14.
Included in the cam assembly shown in Figure 4 is a cam member denoted by arrow 15. This cam member con-stitutes a highly important component of the invention and is characterized by a unique lobular construction wherein a pair of lobes 15A and 15B are arranged in predetermined spaced relationship to one another at opposite sides of an intermediate body portion 15C of a reduced substantially oval cross-section. The shape of the cam 15 and the arrangement of the lobes 15A and 15B with respect to one another are further illustrated in various oyerative positions in Figures 8, 9, lO, 11, 12 and 13. Figures 16 and 17 are detail Fi~ures still further intended to illustrate the cons~ruction of the cam portions 15A, lSB and l5C.
From an inspection of these Figures it will be ob-served that the peripheral dimensions of the intermediate body portion l5C, taken centrally of its longitudinal axis, is at a minimum value. Increasing peripheral dimensions are present in the ca~ surfaces extending outwardly alon~ either side of the lntermediate body portion 15C. A disclosure of the derivation of these peripheral dimensions of increasing magnitude is hereinafter disclosed in detail.
Cam 15 (Figure 4) is mounted on a shaft 16 which is rotatably received through shaft supporting walls 6A and 6B formed integrally with the inner side of the housing extension 6.
The supporting walls 6A and 6B are more clearly shown in Figure 5 and include bearing portions 7A and 7B for shaft 16. These walls are also arranged in spaced apart relation to constitute inner guide surfaces for oppo.site outer ends of the cam 15 when the shaft 16 is rotated. These wall portions 6A and 6B
are also shown in Figure 6.
Friction spring element 15D is compressibly héld between the wall portion 6A and projections 13A and 13B more clearly shown in Figure 5. A collar 15E, which is solidly fixed on shaft 16, resiliently bears against the friction string 15D (Figure 4). The cam and shaft are maintained, by means of the friction spring, in any position into which they may be turned. The collar 15E is formed with a hole in which is received and held a keying end of a shaft extension part 16D (Figure 8). An outer end of shaft extension 16D
is located through one side of housing extension 6 and supports a knob 18 for manually turning the shaft 16 and the cam 15.
Referring in further detail to Fiyure 4, the multiple li.ght source socket S is shown in separated relationship to the cam member 15. Also shown in separated relationship to the socket S is shown means for resiliently engaging the socket S with the ca~ 15 including retaining spring members 24 and 26 and driver pins 32 and 34. Also indicated in Figure 4 are electrical contact springs 28 and 30 as well as electrical contact buttons Sl and S3, separated by a non-conductive button S2 located on the socket member.
Electrical current is supplied, for example, from a miner's cap lamp battery or other suitable source and is conducted through the housing into the cam and socket chamber through a cable P received in a suitable cable entry Pl, as shown in Fiqure 1. Cable conductors P2 and P3, i.llustrated in Figure 4, are designed to have connector ring terminations R2 and R3, detachably secured against internally threaded lug portions P4 and P6 which are formed integrally with the inner side of the housing 2 and which present flat surfaces P~ and P9. The connector ring termination R2, together with contact spring 30 and retaininq spring 26, are secured to lugs P4 and P5 by screws P6' and P7.
In assembling the parts noted, contact spring 30 has its end portions positioned on respective flat surfaces P8 and P14 of the lugs P4 and P5 and screw P6' is located through a hole 30A in an angle part 30B of contact spring 30. Screw P6' also passes through a hole 26A of re~aining spring 26 to hold both the contact spring and the retainer spring in firmly anchored relationship against the internally threaded lug P4. Similarly, screw P7 is located through a hole 26B in retaining spring 26 and threaded into lug P5. Spring 26 is formed with an angle part 26D which overlies an ad~acent end portion of contact spring 30 and, when the screw P7 is threaded into the lug P5, it secures both the contact sp~ing and retain-ing spring in fixed relation to the luy P5.
-]2-4~25 It will be understood that a second set of internally threaded lug portions are provided having a second set of flat surfaces (not shown in Figure 4).
Screw P10, as shown in Figure 4, is located through a hole 24A in retaining spring 24 which is formed with an angle part 24D for engaging against an end 28A of con-tact spring 28. The end 28~ and angle part 24D are fir~ly fixed together against an internally ~hreaded lug portion P20 (Figure 5) into which screw P10 is threaded. Screw P12 is lo-cated through hole 24B of retaining spring 24 and also passesthrough a hole 28C in an angle part 28B. I'he spring elements 24 and 28 are held together by screw P12 in the manner already described.
It will be noted that the retaining springs 24 and 26 are formed with flexible intermediate portions having respective driver pin ~etainer parts as 24C and 26C in which driver pins 32 and 34 may be engaged and, as is later des-cribed, provide for reciprocating movement of the driver pins while the said pins are constantly held under tension.
In addition, the contact springs 28 and 30 are formed with detents 28n and 30D in which respective c~ntact buttons are guided during linear travel of the socket in the operation of the cam and socket mechanism.
It is pointed out that, in engaging the socket with the cam 15, it is essential that the socket be provided with suitable cam follower means. Such cam follower means is illustrated in further detai~ in Figure 7. As will be noted therein, socket S includes a body portion which presents parallel spaced apart sides 40 and 42 and rearwardly con-verging walls 44 and 46 occuring at right anqles to the sides40 and 42. Formed integrally with the body portions is a cam ~ ~4~25 follower extension 48, which may be of reduced thickness as shown in Figure 7, and which is constructed with converginy cam follower surfaces 50 and 52. Extending above and below the cam follower extension 48 are cylindrical parts 54 and 56 having respective trunnions 58 and 60 of reduced diameter.
The surfaces 50 and 52 are tangential to the cylindrical parts 54 and 56 and end at their points of tangency to provide a substantially arcuate bearing portion 51.
At an opposite side the body portion of socket S is formed with dual reflector parts 12 and 13 (Figure 8) in which are located the bulb members 17 and 14 noted above. It will be seen that the dimensional configuration of reflector parts 12 and 13 is chosen such that the socket aperture 10 in ~he reflector body 8 may be substantially closed by either reflector part. It will also be understood that while a dual lamp socket arrange-ment is employed in the embodiment described it may be desired to apply the principles of the invention to other forms of holder and cam bodies as disclosed below.
The socket body S, together with its cylindrical parts and the trunnions 58 and 60 of reduced diameter, are designed to be adjustably supported for both rotary:and linear movement in suitably formed channel members for re-ceiving and guiding the trunnions 58 and 60. In Figure S
a channel construction is illustrated, formed integrally of the housing 2 and consisting of spaced apart channels which are denoted by the numerals 62 and 64. These channels are shown in Figure 5 and are also illustrated in Figures5 and 14. It will be understood that the channels preferably are constructed, by molding or other means, as an integral part of the housing extension 6.
1~i4~25 When assembling the various components of Figure 4 in operating relationship to one another the shaft 16 is first fully engaged with the cam lS. Friction spring element 15D, in a compressed state, is then engaged bet~-een projections 13A and 13B formed in the housing extension 6 and the wall 6A.' The cam 15, shaft 16 and collar 15E are engaged in the housing such that the cam 15 is confined between wall parts 6A and 6B with opposite ends of the shaft 16 being received in bearing portions 7A and 7B. The driver pins 32 and 34 are then inserted into respective channels 62 and 64.
Thereafter, the socket trunnions 58 and 60 are en-gaged in respective channel parts 62 and 64 respectively and moved inwardly until contact is made between the surface of arcuate bearing part 51 and the intermediate body portion '15C of cam 15 at a point where the carn presents its minimum corss-sectional dimension to the bearing points, as is shown in Figure 8. Driver pins 32 and 34 thus come into cont~act with respective trunnions 58 and 60.
Contact springs 28 and 30, together with retaining springs 24 and'26 and screws P6', P7, PlO and Pl2, are then secured together with respective lug portions in the manner explained above. When the screws are tightly fastened, as shown in Figures 9-13, the pin retaining parts 24C and 26C
resiliently bear against the driver pins 32 and 34, thus yieldably securing the pins.
It will be observed that the cam portion 15C, due to its oval cross-sectional shape as is most clearly shown in Figure 14, has a minimum dimension measured along one axis and a maxi,mum dimension measured along an axis at right angles to the said first axis.
S
Therefore, as cam 15 is rotated such that its in-termediate body portion 15C is rotated from a position of minimt~ dimension sh~wn in Figure 14 to a position in whlch it presents its maximum dimension to the cam follower, the bearing part 51 is progresgively advanced outwardly a~ainst the resiliently maintained forces of retainer springs 24 and 26 until the maximum dimension referred to is reached. There-after, continued cam rotation allows the springs to force the driver pins and socket rearwardly thus imparting recipro-cating linear travel to the socket body S.
In Figures 9-13 inclusive reversible movement of the socket along a linear path of travel is illustrated in a series of positions induced by rotation of cam 15. Accompanying this linear travel is rotation of socket S through an arc of 60 degrees about an axis extending at right angles to the linear path of travel.
Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8, but shown with the socket S having been rotated through an arc of 60 degrees to position the bulb 14 along the focal axis of the reflector body 8 and this arrangement may constitute a normal starting position with the bulb 14 being energized by a miner.
In Figure 10 there is illustrated a socket S and its energized bulb 14 moved outwardly by cam portion l5C
along a linear path of travel which provides a desired focusing of the bulb 14 at a selected point along the focal axis of the reflector body 8. The term "focal axis" may be defined as the central axis of the reflector body.
It will be noted that in Figures 9 and 10 the detent portions 28D and 30D of contact springs 28 and 30 respectively are engaged to make electrical contact with contact buttons as Sl.
zs In Figure 11 the socket S has been rotated through an arc of 30 into a position induced by :rotative engagement of cam lobe 15B with cam follower edge 52. In this position detent portions of the contact springs are engaged with non-conductor buttons as S2 and both of the bulbs 14 and 17 arelocated in an "off" position required when the apparatus is not to be used.
In Figure 12 continue~ movement of cam lobe 15B
has completed rotation of the socket into a position in which bulb 17 is located along the focal axis of the re-flector body and has become energized. Cam body portion 15C
then presents its minimum cross-sectional dimension to the bearing part 51. In both Figures 12 and 13 detent portions 28D and 30D are engaged to make electrical contact with contact buttons as S3.
In Figure 13 the cam body 15 has been further rotated such that the engagement between bearing part 51 and the in-termediate cam body portion 15C has advanced the socket S along the axis of the reflector body 8 to provide focusing at a desired point along the said axis. Further rotation of cam 15 provides for progressively engaging cam lobe 15A against the cam follower edge 50 to rotate the socket back through the off position of Figure 11 and into the starting position shown in Figure 9.
~ ~ 4~ 5 In Figure 16 the cam 15 and its intermediate body portion 15C, together with the cam lobes 15A and 15B, are shown in perspective to provide a clearer understanding of the relative position of these parts with respect to one another and with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the cam. Figure 17 illustrates an end view of cam 15. It will be apparent that to carry out the positioning steps of Figures 9-13 inclusive the varying cross-sectional peripheral dimensions of the cam parts are required to be of a predeter~ined value which is related to the cam follower edges 50 and 52 and their arrangement with respect to one another.
As earlier pointed out, the peripheral dimensions which are present in the cam lS, as defined by the varying cam surfaces, have in accordance with the invention been derived mathematically. In Figures 18-22 there is disclosed one specific embodiment of mathematically derived values.
Figure 18 is a diagrammatic view which is intended to illustrate schematically a multiple light source socket, arrow A30, of the type shown in Figures 1-15 and it will be understood that the socket contains two bulbs and two respective reflector portions for fitting into a reflector aperture in a reflector body corresponding to reflector body 8.
As shown in Figure 18, the socket A30 includes sections A2 and A4 which are intended to be representative of two socket portions. In this embodiment each of these socket portions subtends a maximum angle of 60 degrees, the vertices of the said angles being at the central axis A14 of the trunnion part A6, which axis coincides with the axis of rotation of the socket A30.
In Figure 18 there is also indicated an angle ~ , defined by central axes A8 and A10 of the socket portions A2 and A4 respectively, and also being of a magni.tude of 60.
From ~hese parameters it will be apparent that rotation of socket A30 through a 60 angle (or in the more general case, through angle ~ ) is required to position alternate bulb members on the central axis A12 of the luminaire system.
This axis A12 also denotes the direction of required linear or focusing travel of the ~runnion part A6 and the socket body.
In accordance with the invention, the trunnion part A6 is formed as an extension of cylindrical part A16 and this cylindrical part is provided, in the example, with a radius equal to 0.136 inches. Tangent to this part are sides Al8 and A20, which sides are parallel to boundaries A22 and A24 of diagrammatically represented socket portions A2 and A4 respectively. In the position shown in Figure 18 side A20 forms an angle ~ with the axis of rotation A26 of cam member A28. In the general case ~ '_ 90 _ ~ ;
Substituting 60 for 1 yields an angle ~ of 90 ~ ~ 60 Complete switching, i.e. rotation of the member A30 to a position such that portion A2 is operative with its central axis A8 lying on the central axis A12 of the luminaire system noted above, will changec~ to some other angle which may be defined as ~ - ~, or in this case, 0 .
l~G4425 It is desired to accomplish this switching in ~he second quadrant of rotation of cam member A28, with the full quadrant available for such switching. ~ return to the original position will be accomplished in the ourth quadrant of cam member rotation This may be shown graphically by plotting the angle of cam member rotation, denoted by ~, as an abscissa and angle o~ as an ordinate; such a plot is illustrated in Figure 19.
It is also desired to provide, in this case, linear motion equivalent to a value of 0.062 inches. This motion will take place in an outward direction (directional arrow A32 of Figure 18) in the second and fourth quadrants.
Minimum diameter of cam member A28 is arbitrarily selected as 0.125 inches.
The parameter r may be defined as one-half of the minimum diameter of cam member A28 plus the radius of cylindrical portion A16 plus the amount of linear travel for any given angle of cam rotation g . This value r may also be plotted against angle ~; this is illustrated in Figure 20.
These plotted relationships may be solved t~
produce a function R of variables r,c~ and x, where r and ~ are defined as above and x is defined as the dis-tance along the cam member A28 from axis A12, as is shown in Figure 18. This relationship is, in this case:
R = r + x tan c~ - (.136/cos ~ ) Cylindrical portion A16 makes it desireable to modify the surface of cam element A28 to provide a smooth mating with the said cylindrical portion; this portion of the cam surface may befined as R = r - .136 cos ~sin -1 (x/.136~
bearing in mind that the value 0.136 is equivalent to the radius of cylindrical portion A16.
~ 2 ~
Thus the cam surface may be defined as R = r - .136 cos sin 1)`(x/.136)J~ for 0~ x ~.136 sin ~-' R = r + x tan ~ - (.136/cos ~ ) for .136 sin ~ ~x ~x' where x' is the maximum value for x.
Note that corners may be rounded over or flattened as shown.
A diagrammatic crOss-section of cam element A28 is shown in Figure 21 with the said cross-section taken at ~ = 0.
A table of values for R for various values of x appears in Figure 22; values are taken around the periphery of the cross-section in a clockwise direction starting from point ~.
The preferred embodiment of the invention includes a cam member whose peripheral dimension increases graduall~
as it extends toward outer ends of the cam body. However, 15' a simpler cam construction may be employed. One such simpler form is shown in Figures 23 and 24. Referring to these Figures, numeral 100 generally denotes a cam member comprising an inter-mediate body portion 102 of substantially constant cross-section and having oppositely disposed projections 104 and 106 at either,end thereof. The peripheral dimension of the intermediate portion 102 is substantially collstant along its length; projections 104 and 106 correspond to lobular pro-jections 15A and 15B of the earlier cam embodiment disclosed.
A cam made in accordance with Figures 23 and 24 may provide a rotative movement which is less smooth in operation when compared with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
It may be desired to provide other embodiments of this invention in which certain of the parameters are changed.
For example, it may be desired to provide a socket component for carrying three bulbs in which the third bulb may be of a reduced wattage so as to reduce battery drain during an emergency. Such a socket holder body is shown diagrammatically in Figure 25, along wi~h certain portions of its associated cam element.
1~6~25 Since there are ~hree socket elements shown dia-grammatically in Figure 25 and denoted by references F2, F4 and F6 respectively, provision must be made to move any one of the ~hree into position along the axis F8 of linear travel. This requires division of the available 180 of rotary motion into five equal segments, each of 36. Angle ~ , i.e., the angle between the central axes of adjacent socket segments (Figure 25), will also be 36. A cylindrical part F10, bearing trunnion extensions as F12, is provided as beEore, as are cam follower surfaces F14 and F16 (paral]el to schematically shown boundaries F18 and F20 respectively).
Desired performance may be plotted graphically in a manner similar to that already disclosed; Figure 26 shows a plot of rotary motion angle c~ versus angle of cam rotation ~t. Angle c~O is equal to 0 , while angle c~ (maximum rotàtion) will be 72 as shown.
Cam rotation provides the following sequence of operations:
1. Segment F2 moves outward to provide focusing.
2. Socket is moved back while simultaneously being rotated to position segment F4 along the focal axis.
Figure 25 is a diagraT~natic plan view of another form of cam and cam follower arrangement.
Figure 26 is a chart showing values used to derive ~he cam surface o~ the cam shown in Figure 25. ~
Figure 27 is another chart showing further values which may be used to derive the surface of the cam shown in Figure 25.
Figures 28 and 29 are charts illustrating values used to construct the surface of a modified form of cam.
Figures 30 to 33 illustrate a modification of the invention in which a holder body is utili~ed to position sensing devices including light sensing and heat sensing.
Figures 34 through 37 illustrate another modification of the invention in which a holder body is utilized to transfer energy in machine tooling operation.
Figure 38 is a diagram illustrating values used in deriving a cam surface which provides a constant pressure angle between a cam and a cam follower surface.
1~4~Z5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVF,NTION
The present invention relates broadly to an improved method and apparatus for mechanically producing travel of a movable holder part in a supportin~ struct~re, wherein the holder part may be reversibly rotated with its S axis of rotation being reciprocably movable along a linear path of travel which is perpendicular to the said axis of rotation. Travel of the holder part, thus controlled, is based upon the concept of utilizing a three-dimensional cam which, in a preferred embodiment, is of lobular con-struction presenting a surface mathematically derived froma plurality of predetermined dimensional relationshi?s.
In one preferred form the invention is concerned .with a luminiare apparatus characterized by multiple light sources in a movable socket structure, and further characterized by a cam follower and three-dimensional cam arrangemen~ for switching and adjusting the light sources in a manner parti-cularly suited to the requirements for a miner's cap lamp apparatus.
Principal parts of the invention apparatus include:
20 (1) a housing which ls formed with a cam and socket charnber;
(2) a reflector body which is rnounted in the housing and formed with a socket aperture; (3) a cam assembly rotatably supported in the cam and socket chamber; (4) a multiple light source socket located between the cam assembly and the reflector body and mounted for rotation in the cam and socket chamber about an axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the cam assembly; and (5) means for resiliently urging the socket into engagement with the cam assembly.
1~ 25 Consideri.ny these parts in more detail, attention is directed to Figure 1. This Figure illustrates one ernbodi-ment of the invention appara-tus generally denoted by the arrow 1 and includes a housing 2 closed at one side by a lens 4. At an opposite side the housi.ng is formed with an exten-sion denoted by the arrow 6. The extension 6 const.itutes an enclosure which defines a cam and socket chamber hereinafter described in detail. In Figure 2 the extension 6 is further illustrated as viewed from the rear.
In Figure 3 the front of the housing 2 is illus-trated with portions of the lens 4 being broken away to more clearly show a reflector body 8. An inner part of reflector body 8 is removed to provi.de a socket aperture 10 in which is received a socket reflector portion 12 and a bulb member 17.
Fiyure 4 i]lustrates the housing 2 on a larger scale and with a portion broken away to more clearly show the cam assembly rotatably mounted in a cam and socket cham-ber denoted by arrow 11. Arrow S denotes a multiple liaht source socket removed from the chamber, together with means for engaging the socket with the cam assembly. In this embodiment the socket is designed to receive a pair of bulbs including bulbs 17 and 14.
Included in the cam assembly shown in Figure 4 is a cam member denoted by arrow 15. This cam member con-stitutes a highly important component of the invention and is characterized by a unique lobular construction wherein a pair of lobes 15A and 15B are arranged in predetermined spaced relationship to one another at opposite sides of an intermediate body portion 15C of a reduced substantially oval cross-section. The shape of the cam 15 and the arrangement of the lobes 15A and 15B with respect to one another are further illustrated in various oyerative positions in Figures 8, 9, lO, 11, 12 and 13. Figures 16 and 17 are detail Fi~ures still further intended to illustrate the cons~ruction of the cam portions 15A, lSB and l5C.
From an inspection of these Figures it will be ob-served that the peripheral dimensions of the intermediate body portion l5C, taken centrally of its longitudinal axis, is at a minimum value. Increasing peripheral dimensions are present in the ca~ surfaces extending outwardly alon~ either side of the lntermediate body portion 15C. A disclosure of the derivation of these peripheral dimensions of increasing magnitude is hereinafter disclosed in detail.
Cam 15 (Figure 4) is mounted on a shaft 16 which is rotatably received through shaft supporting walls 6A and 6B formed integrally with the inner side of the housing extension 6.
The supporting walls 6A and 6B are more clearly shown in Figure 5 and include bearing portions 7A and 7B for shaft 16. These walls are also arranged in spaced apart relation to constitute inner guide surfaces for oppo.site outer ends of the cam 15 when the shaft 16 is rotated. These wall portions 6A and 6B
are also shown in Figure 6.
Friction spring element 15D is compressibly héld between the wall portion 6A and projections 13A and 13B more clearly shown in Figure 5. A collar 15E, which is solidly fixed on shaft 16, resiliently bears against the friction string 15D (Figure 4). The cam and shaft are maintained, by means of the friction spring, in any position into which they may be turned. The collar 15E is formed with a hole in which is received and held a keying end of a shaft extension part 16D (Figure 8). An outer end of shaft extension 16D
is located through one side of housing extension 6 and supports a knob 18 for manually turning the shaft 16 and the cam 15.
Referring in further detail to Fiyure 4, the multiple li.ght source socket S is shown in separated relationship to the cam member 15. Also shown in separated relationship to the socket S is shown means for resiliently engaging the socket S with the ca~ 15 including retaining spring members 24 and 26 and driver pins 32 and 34. Also indicated in Figure 4 are electrical contact springs 28 and 30 as well as electrical contact buttons Sl and S3, separated by a non-conductive button S2 located on the socket member.
Electrical current is supplied, for example, from a miner's cap lamp battery or other suitable source and is conducted through the housing into the cam and socket chamber through a cable P received in a suitable cable entry Pl, as shown in Fiqure 1. Cable conductors P2 and P3, i.llustrated in Figure 4, are designed to have connector ring terminations R2 and R3, detachably secured against internally threaded lug portions P4 and P6 which are formed integrally with the inner side of the housing 2 and which present flat surfaces P~ and P9. The connector ring termination R2, together with contact spring 30 and retaininq spring 26, are secured to lugs P4 and P5 by screws P6' and P7.
In assembling the parts noted, contact spring 30 has its end portions positioned on respective flat surfaces P8 and P14 of the lugs P4 and P5 and screw P6' is located through a hole 30A in an angle part 30B of contact spring 30. Screw P6' also passes through a hole 26A of re~aining spring 26 to hold both the contact spring and the retainer spring in firmly anchored relationship against the internally threaded lug P4. Similarly, screw P7 is located through a hole 26B in retaining spring 26 and threaded into lug P5. Spring 26 is formed with an angle part 26D which overlies an ad~acent end portion of contact spring 30 and, when the screw P7 is threaded into the lug P5, it secures both the contact sp~ing and retain-ing spring in fixed relation to the luy P5.
-]2-4~25 It will be understood that a second set of internally threaded lug portions are provided having a second set of flat surfaces (not shown in Figure 4).
Screw P10, as shown in Figure 4, is located through a hole 24A in retaining spring 24 which is formed with an angle part 24D for engaging against an end 28A of con-tact spring 28. The end 28~ and angle part 24D are fir~ly fixed together against an internally ~hreaded lug portion P20 (Figure 5) into which screw P10 is threaded. Screw P12 is lo-cated through hole 24B of retaining spring 24 and also passesthrough a hole 28C in an angle part 28B. I'he spring elements 24 and 28 are held together by screw P12 in the manner already described.
It will be noted that the retaining springs 24 and 26 are formed with flexible intermediate portions having respective driver pin ~etainer parts as 24C and 26C in which driver pins 32 and 34 may be engaged and, as is later des-cribed, provide for reciprocating movement of the driver pins while the said pins are constantly held under tension.
In addition, the contact springs 28 and 30 are formed with detents 28n and 30D in which respective c~ntact buttons are guided during linear travel of the socket in the operation of the cam and socket mechanism.
It is pointed out that, in engaging the socket with the cam 15, it is essential that the socket be provided with suitable cam follower means. Such cam follower means is illustrated in further detai~ in Figure 7. As will be noted therein, socket S includes a body portion which presents parallel spaced apart sides 40 and 42 and rearwardly con-verging walls 44 and 46 occuring at right anqles to the sides40 and 42. Formed integrally with the body portions is a cam ~ ~4~25 follower extension 48, which may be of reduced thickness as shown in Figure 7, and which is constructed with converginy cam follower surfaces 50 and 52. Extending above and below the cam follower extension 48 are cylindrical parts 54 and 56 having respective trunnions 58 and 60 of reduced diameter.
The surfaces 50 and 52 are tangential to the cylindrical parts 54 and 56 and end at their points of tangency to provide a substantially arcuate bearing portion 51.
At an opposite side the body portion of socket S is formed with dual reflector parts 12 and 13 (Figure 8) in which are located the bulb members 17 and 14 noted above. It will be seen that the dimensional configuration of reflector parts 12 and 13 is chosen such that the socket aperture 10 in ~he reflector body 8 may be substantially closed by either reflector part. It will also be understood that while a dual lamp socket arrange-ment is employed in the embodiment described it may be desired to apply the principles of the invention to other forms of holder and cam bodies as disclosed below.
The socket body S, together with its cylindrical parts and the trunnions 58 and 60 of reduced diameter, are designed to be adjustably supported for both rotary:and linear movement in suitably formed channel members for re-ceiving and guiding the trunnions 58 and 60. In Figure S
a channel construction is illustrated, formed integrally of the housing 2 and consisting of spaced apart channels which are denoted by the numerals 62 and 64. These channels are shown in Figure 5 and are also illustrated in Figures5 and 14. It will be understood that the channels preferably are constructed, by molding or other means, as an integral part of the housing extension 6.
1~i4~25 When assembling the various components of Figure 4 in operating relationship to one another the shaft 16 is first fully engaged with the cam lS. Friction spring element 15D, in a compressed state, is then engaged bet~-een projections 13A and 13B formed in the housing extension 6 and the wall 6A.' The cam 15, shaft 16 and collar 15E are engaged in the housing such that the cam 15 is confined between wall parts 6A and 6B with opposite ends of the shaft 16 being received in bearing portions 7A and 7B. The driver pins 32 and 34 are then inserted into respective channels 62 and 64.
Thereafter, the socket trunnions 58 and 60 are en-gaged in respective channel parts 62 and 64 respectively and moved inwardly until contact is made between the surface of arcuate bearing part 51 and the intermediate body portion '15C of cam 15 at a point where the carn presents its minimum corss-sectional dimension to the bearing points, as is shown in Figure 8. Driver pins 32 and 34 thus come into cont~act with respective trunnions 58 and 60.
Contact springs 28 and 30, together with retaining springs 24 and'26 and screws P6', P7, PlO and Pl2, are then secured together with respective lug portions in the manner explained above. When the screws are tightly fastened, as shown in Figures 9-13, the pin retaining parts 24C and 26C
resiliently bear against the driver pins 32 and 34, thus yieldably securing the pins.
It will be observed that the cam portion 15C, due to its oval cross-sectional shape as is most clearly shown in Figure 14, has a minimum dimension measured along one axis and a maxi,mum dimension measured along an axis at right angles to the said first axis.
S
Therefore, as cam 15 is rotated such that its in-termediate body portion 15C is rotated from a position of minimt~ dimension sh~wn in Figure 14 to a position in whlch it presents its maximum dimension to the cam follower, the bearing part 51 is progresgively advanced outwardly a~ainst the resiliently maintained forces of retainer springs 24 and 26 until the maximum dimension referred to is reached. There-after, continued cam rotation allows the springs to force the driver pins and socket rearwardly thus imparting recipro-cating linear travel to the socket body S.
In Figures 9-13 inclusive reversible movement of the socket along a linear path of travel is illustrated in a series of positions induced by rotation of cam 15. Accompanying this linear travel is rotation of socket S through an arc of 60 degrees about an axis extending at right angles to the linear path of travel.
Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8, but shown with the socket S having been rotated through an arc of 60 degrees to position the bulb 14 along the focal axis of the reflector body 8 and this arrangement may constitute a normal starting position with the bulb 14 being energized by a miner.
In Figure 10 there is illustrated a socket S and its energized bulb 14 moved outwardly by cam portion l5C
along a linear path of travel which provides a desired focusing of the bulb 14 at a selected point along the focal axis of the reflector body 8. The term "focal axis" may be defined as the central axis of the reflector body.
It will be noted that in Figures 9 and 10 the detent portions 28D and 30D of contact springs 28 and 30 respectively are engaged to make electrical contact with contact buttons as Sl.
zs In Figure 11 the socket S has been rotated through an arc of 30 into a position induced by :rotative engagement of cam lobe 15B with cam follower edge 52. In this position detent portions of the contact springs are engaged with non-conductor buttons as S2 and both of the bulbs 14 and 17 arelocated in an "off" position required when the apparatus is not to be used.
In Figure 12 continue~ movement of cam lobe 15B
has completed rotation of the socket into a position in which bulb 17 is located along the focal axis of the re-flector body and has become energized. Cam body portion 15C
then presents its minimum cross-sectional dimension to the bearing part 51. In both Figures 12 and 13 detent portions 28D and 30D are engaged to make electrical contact with contact buttons as S3.
In Figure 13 the cam body 15 has been further rotated such that the engagement between bearing part 51 and the in-termediate cam body portion 15C has advanced the socket S along the axis of the reflector body 8 to provide focusing at a desired point along the said axis. Further rotation of cam 15 provides for progressively engaging cam lobe 15A against the cam follower edge 50 to rotate the socket back through the off position of Figure 11 and into the starting position shown in Figure 9.
~ ~ 4~ 5 In Figure 16 the cam 15 and its intermediate body portion 15C, together with the cam lobes 15A and 15B, are shown in perspective to provide a clearer understanding of the relative position of these parts with respect to one another and with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the cam. Figure 17 illustrates an end view of cam 15. It will be apparent that to carry out the positioning steps of Figures 9-13 inclusive the varying cross-sectional peripheral dimensions of the cam parts are required to be of a predeter~ined value which is related to the cam follower edges 50 and 52 and their arrangement with respect to one another.
As earlier pointed out, the peripheral dimensions which are present in the cam lS, as defined by the varying cam surfaces, have in accordance with the invention been derived mathematically. In Figures 18-22 there is disclosed one specific embodiment of mathematically derived values.
Figure 18 is a diagrammatic view which is intended to illustrate schematically a multiple light source socket, arrow A30, of the type shown in Figures 1-15 and it will be understood that the socket contains two bulbs and two respective reflector portions for fitting into a reflector aperture in a reflector body corresponding to reflector body 8.
As shown in Figure 18, the socket A30 includes sections A2 and A4 which are intended to be representative of two socket portions. In this embodiment each of these socket portions subtends a maximum angle of 60 degrees, the vertices of the said angles being at the central axis A14 of the trunnion part A6, which axis coincides with the axis of rotation of the socket A30.
In Figure 18 there is also indicated an angle ~ , defined by central axes A8 and A10 of the socket portions A2 and A4 respectively, and also being of a magni.tude of 60.
From ~hese parameters it will be apparent that rotation of socket A30 through a 60 angle (or in the more general case, through angle ~ ) is required to position alternate bulb members on the central axis A12 of the luminaire system.
This axis A12 also denotes the direction of required linear or focusing travel of the ~runnion part A6 and the socket body.
In accordance with the invention, the trunnion part A6 is formed as an extension of cylindrical part A16 and this cylindrical part is provided, in the example, with a radius equal to 0.136 inches. Tangent to this part are sides Al8 and A20, which sides are parallel to boundaries A22 and A24 of diagrammatically represented socket portions A2 and A4 respectively. In the position shown in Figure 18 side A20 forms an angle ~ with the axis of rotation A26 of cam member A28. In the general case ~ '_ 90 _ ~ ;
Substituting 60 for 1 yields an angle ~ of 90 ~ ~ 60 Complete switching, i.e. rotation of the member A30 to a position such that portion A2 is operative with its central axis A8 lying on the central axis A12 of the luminaire system noted above, will changec~ to some other angle which may be defined as ~ - ~, or in this case, 0 .
l~G4425 It is desired to accomplish this switching in ~he second quadrant of rotation of cam member A28, with the full quadrant available for such switching. ~ return to the original position will be accomplished in the ourth quadrant of cam member rotation This may be shown graphically by plotting the angle of cam member rotation, denoted by ~, as an abscissa and angle o~ as an ordinate; such a plot is illustrated in Figure 19.
It is also desired to provide, in this case, linear motion equivalent to a value of 0.062 inches. This motion will take place in an outward direction (directional arrow A32 of Figure 18) in the second and fourth quadrants.
Minimum diameter of cam member A28 is arbitrarily selected as 0.125 inches.
The parameter r may be defined as one-half of the minimum diameter of cam member A28 plus the radius of cylindrical portion A16 plus the amount of linear travel for any given angle of cam rotation g . This value r may also be plotted against angle ~; this is illustrated in Figure 20.
These plotted relationships may be solved t~
produce a function R of variables r,c~ and x, where r and ~ are defined as above and x is defined as the dis-tance along the cam member A28 from axis A12, as is shown in Figure 18. This relationship is, in this case:
R = r + x tan c~ - (.136/cos ~ ) Cylindrical portion A16 makes it desireable to modify the surface of cam element A28 to provide a smooth mating with the said cylindrical portion; this portion of the cam surface may befined as R = r - .136 cos ~sin -1 (x/.136~
bearing in mind that the value 0.136 is equivalent to the radius of cylindrical portion A16.
~ 2 ~
Thus the cam surface may be defined as R = r - .136 cos sin 1)`(x/.136)J~ for 0~ x ~.136 sin ~-' R = r + x tan ~ - (.136/cos ~ ) for .136 sin ~ ~x ~x' where x' is the maximum value for x.
Note that corners may be rounded over or flattened as shown.
A diagrammatic crOss-section of cam element A28 is shown in Figure 21 with the said cross-section taken at ~ = 0.
A table of values for R for various values of x appears in Figure 22; values are taken around the periphery of the cross-section in a clockwise direction starting from point ~.
The preferred embodiment of the invention includes a cam member whose peripheral dimension increases graduall~
as it extends toward outer ends of the cam body. However, 15' a simpler cam construction may be employed. One such simpler form is shown in Figures 23 and 24. Referring to these Figures, numeral 100 generally denotes a cam member comprising an inter-mediate body portion 102 of substantially constant cross-section and having oppositely disposed projections 104 and 106 at either,end thereof. The peripheral dimension of the intermediate portion 102 is substantially collstant along its length; projections 104 and 106 correspond to lobular pro-jections 15A and 15B of the earlier cam embodiment disclosed.
A cam made in accordance with Figures 23 and 24 may provide a rotative movement which is less smooth in operation when compared with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
It may be desired to provide other embodiments of this invention in which certain of the parameters are changed.
For example, it may be desired to provide a socket component for carrying three bulbs in which the third bulb may be of a reduced wattage so as to reduce battery drain during an emergency. Such a socket holder body is shown diagrammatically in Figure 25, along wi~h certain portions of its associated cam element.
1~6~25 Since there are ~hree socket elements shown dia-grammatically in Figure 25 and denoted by references F2, F4 and F6 respectively, provision must be made to move any one of the ~hree into position along the axis F8 of linear travel. This requires division of the available 180 of rotary motion into five equal segments, each of 36. Angle ~ , i.e., the angle between the central axes of adjacent socket segments (Figure 25), will also be 36. A cylindrical part F10, bearing trunnion extensions as F12, is provided as beEore, as are cam follower surfaces F14 and F16 (paral]el to schematically shown boundaries F18 and F20 respectively).
Desired performance may be plotted graphically in a manner similar to that already disclosed; Figure 26 shows a plot of rotary motion angle c~ versus angle of cam rotation ~t. Angle c~O is equal to 0 , while angle c~ (maximum rotàtion) will be 72 as shown.
Cam rotation provides the following sequence of operations:
1. Segment F2 moves outward to provide focusing.
2. Socket is moved back while simultaneously being rotated to position segment F4 along the focal axis.
3. Segment F4 moves outward to provide focusing.
4. Socket is moved back while simultaneously being rotated to position segment F6 along the focal axis.
5. Segment F6 moves outward to provide focusing.
6. Socket is moved back while simultaneously being rotated to position segment F2 along the focal axis.
7. Segment F4 moves outward to provide focusing.
8. Socket is moved back while simultaneously being rotated to position segment F2 along the focal axis.
2~
Since eight regions of operation are required, each region will occupy 45 of cam rotation. ~-is the angle of socket rotation and c~ is plotted versus ~ in Figure 26.
Dimension r is plotted versus ~ in Figure 27; note that r is defined in a manner similar to that previously described. For purposes of Figure 27 maximum and minimum values of r are denoted r'0 and rO respectively.
Equations may be mathematically and geometrically derived from the plots as before.
Note that many other configurations are possible;
virtually any combination of rotary and linear motion in the manner specified may be obtained without departing from the principles of the invention. For example, it may be desired to provide the following sequence of operation for the socket of Figure 25:
1. Segment F2 moves outward gradually to r' to provide focusing.
2. Socket moves back to r abruptly; rotary motion then positions socket segment F4 along the focal axis.
3. Segment F4 moves outward gradually to r' to provide focusing.
4. Socket moves bac~ to rO abruptly; rotary motion then positions segment F6 along the focal axis~
5. Segment F6 moves outward gradually to r' to provide focusing.
6. Socket moves back to r abruptly; rotary motion then positions segment F2 along the focal axis.
Here six regions of operation are required; plots corresponding to Figures 26 and 27 are shown as Figures 28 and 29 for this case. It will be noted from Figure 2~ that the rotary motion of ~ is not reversible.
The method and apparatus for moving a holder body i.n accordance with this invention may be utilized in other forms of apparatus in addition to energy emitting devices such as a l.uminaire apparatus. Figure 30 i.llustrates a modification of apparatus in which a holder body suppPrts energy sensing means with the several parts being indicated diagrammatically. The sensing means is arranged to detect and, if desired, measure automatically and sequentially radiant energy such as visible light and temperatures within an enclosure body 60' wherein the only means of acces~ to the interior of the enclosure body is through a single wall aperture 62'.
A cam and cam follower assembly includes a holder body 63, cam follower suraces 64A and 64B formed on the holder body, and cam means 66. Supported in the holder body is a sensor 68 consisting of a photocell for measuring visible light and a sensor 70' comprising, for example, a the~mocouple for measuring heat. Cam 66 is constructed in the manner dis-closed above with curved surfaces derived from value such as illustrated diagrammatically in Figures 32 and 33. The cam may be driven by a motor 72'. Electrical contact between the active sensor and a read-out device 74 is carried out in the same manner as earlier disclosed with contact springs (not shown) carrying out electrical contact with contact buttons which are suitably connected to a power source (also not shown).
It is intended that the movement of a holder in accordance with the invention methods may also be employed with various other energy sensing devices such as bolometers and the like~
and it may also be desired to utilize both an energy emitting device and an energy sensing device in a common holder body of the invention.
~ 5 In addition to energy emitting and energy sensing devices, it may also be desired to combine with a cam actuated nolder body energy transferring means such as has, for example, been il.lustrated in Figures 34-36 inclusive. Arrow 80 denotes a small machine tool which is utilized to shape a workpiece arrow 82 (Figure 35), As shown in Figure 35 it will be ob-served that the workpiece 82 is made of cylindrical form and a portion 84 at one end has been provided with a reduced diameter.
The machine 80 comprises a motor 82' having operatively connected thereto a drive wheel 88 which drives a belt 90 in turn engaged around a chuck member 92. Received in the chuck member 92 is a length of cylindrical rod stock 94. In combination with this apparatus is a holder body 96 formed with cam follower surfaces of the type earlier disclosed engageable with a cam 98. The holder body 96 has supported therein two cutting tools including a tool 102' which produces the end 84 of workpiece 82, and a tool 100' which cuts the piece of stock to a desired length. Cam 98 is fixed on a shaft 104' driven by a motor 106'.
Curves for deriving the surfaces of cam 98 are shown in Figures 36 and 37. It will be noted that no electrical power need be applied to the holder and cam follower surfaces.
However, for other devices, e.g. tools for drilling and countersinking, it may be desired to provide at least one small electrical motor, which may be located within the holder body and which may be connected to a suitable power source via contact springs and buttons as previously disclosed.
It will also be noted that the shaft 104' may have supported thereon additional cam elements and associated devices generally indicated by the enclosure body llO which may, for example, open and close chuck member 92 and advance the stock 94.
In certain embodiments, most particularly where ~ools are being driven as in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 34-36, it may be desired to have the linear travel of the holder body and its cam follower surfaces not vary in a linear relationship with the angle of cam rotation as shown, but to provide a cam surface which produces a constant pressure angle between the cam s~rface and the cam follower surface. The radius of the cam element, it will be noted, will still vary between rO and rl for angles between 0 and 90 . The precise radius R may be calculated by referring to Figure 37.
In Figure 37 the pressure angle is denoted as (~ and is defined as the angle between the normal to the radius R and the tangent line to the surface for any given point thereon.
It may be desireable to have the angle ~ held constant as R
varies between Rl (where ~= 0 ) and R (where ~ = 90 or radians).
Thus:
~ = tanl ~dR ~= constant, or (Rd~) dR
Rd~ = C
and:
dR = C d~
R
lnR Cl~ + C2 (C2 is a constant) elnR = eCl~ + C2 R =(eCl~r) (ec2) now let eC2 = C3 R = C3 eCl 4'~5and apply boundary conditions:
R(O) = Rl R( ~) R2 Rl = C3 e C1 = C3 5 and R = C3 e 13~= R eCl or R = e C
ln 2 = C
Rl ~2_ R2 ~ Rl 1 and R = Rle ~ where ~ is in radians.
This relationship may be superimposed on the curve (Figure 37 of r vs. ~, where Rl = rO and R2 = rl, replacing the iinear relationship shown.
In the luminaire embodiment of Figures 26 and 27, the pressure angle of the numerical example varies between 17.65 and 11.98. Applying the above relationships, the pressure angle may be held constant at 14.47. The actual curve will differ only very slightly from that shown in Figure 27, however.
2~
Since eight regions of operation are required, each region will occupy 45 of cam rotation. ~-is the angle of socket rotation and c~ is plotted versus ~ in Figure 26.
Dimension r is plotted versus ~ in Figure 27; note that r is defined in a manner similar to that previously described. For purposes of Figure 27 maximum and minimum values of r are denoted r'0 and rO respectively.
Equations may be mathematically and geometrically derived from the plots as before.
Note that many other configurations are possible;
virtually any combination of rotary and linear motion in the manner specified may be obtained without departing from the principles of the invention. For example, it may be desired to provide the following sequence of operation for the socket of Figure 25:
1. Segment F2 moves outward gradually to r' to provide focusing.
2. Socket moves back to r abruptly; rotary motion then positions socket segment F4 along the focal axis.
3. Segment F4 moves outward gradually to r' to provide focusing.
4. Socket moves bac~ to rO abruptly; rotary motion then positions segment F6 along the focal axis~
5. Segment F6 moves outward gradually to r' to provide focusing.
6. Socket moves back to r abruptly; rotary motion then positions segment F2 along the focal axis.
Here six regions of operation are required; plots corresponding to Figures 26 and 27 are shown as Figures 28 and 29 for this case. It will be noted from Figure 2~ that the rotary motion of ~ is not reversible.
The method and apparatus for moving a holder body i.n accordance with this invention may be utilized in other forms of apparatus in addition to energy emitting devices such as a l.uminaire apparatus. Figure 30 i.llustrates a modification of apparatus in which a holder body suppPrts energy sensing means with the several parts being indicated diagrammatically. The sensing means is arranged to detect and, if desired, measure automatically and sequentially radiant energy such as visible light and temperatures within an enclosure body 60' wherein the only means of acces~ to the interior of the enclosure body is through a single wall aperture 62'.
A cam and cam follower assembly includes a holder body 63, cam follower suraces 64A and 64B formed on the holder body, and cam means 66. Supported in the holder body is a sensor 68 consisting of a photocell for measuring visible light and a sensor 70' comprising, for example, a the~mocouple for measuring heat. Cam 66 is constructed in the manner dis-closed above with curved surfaces derived from value such as illustrated diagrammatically in Figures 32 and 33. The cam may be driven by a motor 72'. Electrical contact between the active sensor and a read-out device 74 is carried out in the same manner as earlier disclosed with contact springs (not shown) carrying out electrical contact with contact buttons which are suitably connected to a power source (also not shown).
It is intended that the movement of a holder in accordance with the invention methods may also be employed with various other energy sensing devices such as bolometers and the like~
and it may also be desired to utilize both an energy emitting device and an energy sensing device in a common holder body of the invention.
~ 5 In addition to energy emitting and energy sensing devices, it may also be desired to combine with a cam actuated nolder body energy transferring means such as has, for example, been il.lustrated in Figures 34-36 inclusive. Arrow 80 denotes a small machine tool which is utilized to shape a workpiece arrow 82 (Figure 35), As shown in Figure 35 it will be ob-served that the workpiece 82 is made of cylindrical form and a portion 84 at one end has been provided with a reduced diameter.
The machine 80 comprises a motor 82' having operatively connected thereto a drive wheel 88 which drives a belt 90 in turn engaged around a chuck member 92. Received in the chuck member 92 is a length of cylindrical rod stock 94. In combination with this apparatus is a holder body 96 formed with cam follower surfaces of the type earlier disclosed engageable with a cam 98. The holder body 96 has supported therein two cutting tools including a tool 102' which produces the end 84 of workpiece 82, and a tool 100' which cuts the piece of stock to a desired length. Cam 98 is fixed on a shaft 104' driven by a motor 106'.
Curves for deriving the surfaces of cam 98 are shown in Figures 36 and 37. It will be noted that no electrical power need be applied to the holder and cam follower surfaces.
However, for other devices, e.g. tools for drilling and countersinking, it may be desired to provide at least one small electrical motor, which may be located within the holder body and which may be connected to a suitable power source via contact springs and buttons as previously disclosed.
It will also be noted that the shaft 104' may have supported thereon additional cam elements and associated devices generally indicated by the enclosure body llO which may, for example, open and close chuck member 92 and advance the stock 94.
In certain embodiments, most particularly where ~ools are being driven as in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 34-36, it may be desired to have the linear travel of the holder body and its cam follower surfaces not vary in a linear relationship with the angle of cam rotation as shown, but to provide a cam surface which produces a constant pressure angle between the cam s~rface and the cam follower surface. The radius of the cam element, it will be noted, will still vary between rO and rl for angles between 0 and 90 . The precise radius R may be calculated by referring to Figure 37.
In Figure 37 the pressure angle is denoted as (~ and is defined as the angle between the normal to the radius R and the tangent line to the surface for any given point thereon.
It may be desireable to have the angle ~ held constant as R
varies between Rl (where ~= 0 ) and R (where ~ = 90 or radians).
Thus:
~ = tanl ~dR ~= constant, or (Rd~) dR
Rd~ = C
and:
dR = C d~
R
lnR Cl~ + C2 (C2 is a constant) elnR = eCl~ + C2 R =(eCl~r) (ec2) now let eC2 = C3 R = C3 eCl 4'~5and apply boundary conditions:
R(O) = Rl R( ~) R2 Rl = C3 e C1 = C3 5 and R = C3 e 13~= R eCl or R = e C
ln 2 = C
Rl ~2_ R2 ~ Rl 1 and R = Rle ~ where ~ is in radians.
This relationship may be superimposed on the curve (Figure 37 of r vs. ~, where Rl = rO and R2 = rl, replacing the iinear relationship shown.
In the luminaire embodiment of Figures 26 and 27, the pressure angle of the numerical example varies between 17.65 and 11.98. Applying the above relationships, the pressure angle may be held constant at 14.47. The actual curve will differ only very slightly from that shown in Figure 27, however.
Claims (23)
- Claim 1. Luminaire apparatus of the class des-cribed comprising a housing having a reflector chamber which is closed at one side of the housing by a radiation transmitting member, an opposite side of the housing being extended to form a lamp socket enclosure part and a cable entry space, said lamp socket enclosure part having received therein dual rotary socket means and lamp elements therein, said socket means being resiliently mounted in the lamp socket enclosure for sliding movement along the central axis of the re-flector chamber and being rotatable about an axis ex-tending at right angles to the said central axis.
- Claim 2. The invention of Claim 1 in which the enclosure body supports a reflector member, said reflector member being recessed to provide a lamp socket aperture through which the dual rotary socket means may be rotated, said lamp socket means being structured to define spaced apart concaved reflector surfaces in each of which respective lamp elements are arranged, electrical means for independently energizing the lamp elements, cam means supported for rotative movement in the housing, said cam means being engageable with the socket means to produce sliding movement for focusing in one portion of the cam and said cam in another position of adjustment being en-gageable with the socket means to turn the socket means about an axis extending at right angles to the said central axis.
- Claim 3. The invention of Claim 2 in which the cam means is formed with an intermediate body portion for carrying out sliding movement of the socket and said cam being further formed at its opposite outer ends with projections for turning the socket about an axis at right angles to the central axis of the reflector chamber.
- Claim 4. The invention of Claim 3 in which the lamp socket is resiliently supported by retaining springs secured to inner spaced apart side portions of the enclosure body,
- Claim 5. The invention of Claim 2 in which the lamp socket is slideably mounted on trunnion portions formed at spaced apart sides thereof and the trunnion portions are guided in channeled parts of the enclosure body and said trunnion portions being arranged to bear against pin members opposite ends of which are received in spring elements secured within the enclosure body.
- Claim 6. The invention of Claim 1 in which the enclosure body supports a reflector member, said reflector member being recessed to provide a lamp socket aperture through which the dual rotary socket means may be rotated, said lamp socket being structured to define spaced apart reflector surfaces in each of which respective lamp elements are arranged, electrical means for independently energizing the lamp elements, cam means supported for rotative move-ment in the housing, said cam means being engageable with the socket to produce sliding movement for focusing in one portion of the cam and said cam in another position of ad-justment being engageable with the socket to turn the socket about an axis extending at right angles to the said central axis of the reflector body and the enclosure body having supported thereon electrical contact means arranged in spaced apart relation to energize a lamp which is positioned along the central axis of the reflector body and further to maintain a condition wherein neither lamp is energized when neither bulb is positioned along said central axis.
- Claim 7. Luminaire apparatus comprising a housing closed at one side by a radiation transmitting member, an opposite side of the housing being formed with an extension defining chamber means, a reflector body mounted within the housing and being recessed to provide a socket aperture, a multiple light source socket having reflector portions and bulbs received in respective reflector portions, each of said reflector portions and respective bulbs being rotatable into a position to complement and substantially close the said socket aperture, cable means located through the housing extension for electrically connecting the bulbs to a power source, said a-paratus being further characterized by a cam and cam follower mechanism for moving the wocket longitudinally along the central axis of the reflector body and rotating the socket along an axis of rotation extending at right angles to the central axis of the reflector body.
- Claim 8. The invention of Claim 7 in which the cam and cam follower mechanism includes a cam member rotatably mounted in the housing and being characterized by a lobular construction in which lobes are formed at opposite ends of the cam and an intermediate body portion of oval cross-section.
- Claim 9. The invention of Claim 8 in which the cam member is formed with an intermediate portion of oval cross-section and cam follower edges which converge to provide a rounded bearing end engageable with the inter-mediate body portion of oval cross-section to produce move-ment of the socket along a linear path of travel extending at right angles to the axis of rotation of the socket in-duced by the cam lobes.
- Claim 10. The invention of Claim 9 in which the chamber means of the housing extension is formed with spaced apart channels and the rounded bearing end presenting trunnion portions at upper and lower sides thereof and arranged for reciprocating movement in the said channels.
- Claim 11. The invention of Claim 10 in which the cam and socket mechanism is further characterized by driver pin means anchored in the housing for compressibly engaging the driver pins and forcing them against respective trunnions of the socket.
- Claim 12. The invention of Claim 10 in which the said socket is characterized by at least one electrical contact button and the said housing has secured thereto at least one electrical contact spring engageable with the contact buttons.
- Claim 13. The invention of Claim 12 in which the housing body is further characterized by retaining springs secured to the housing for engagement with the driver pins.
- Claim 14. The invention of Claim 13 in which the retaining springs are formed with recessed portions in which ends of respective driver pins are received.
- Claim 15. The invention of Claim 14 in which are provided electrical contact buttons including at least one button for selectively energizing at least one bulb member and at least one button for maintaining all bulbs in a de-energized condition.
- Claim 16. Apparatus for positioning a holder body in a support structure, said holder body being mounted for rotation in the support structure about a displaceable axis, and means including a cam member located in the support structure for travelling the said holder body along a reversible linear path which extends at right angles to the said axis of rotation of the holder body.
- Claim 17. The apparatus of Claim 16 in which the cam member is rotatable in the support structure about an axis of rotation which is at right angles to the axis of rotation of the said holder body and to the said path of linear travel of the holder body.
- Claim 18. The invention of Claim 16 in which the holder body supports at least one energy emitting device.
- Claim 19. The invention of Claim 16 in which the holder body supports at least one energy sensing device.
- Claim 20. The invention of Claim 16 in which the holder body supports at least one energy transferring device.
- Claim 21. The invention of Claim 16 in which the holder body is included in a machine tool for carrying out successive cutting operations on a workpiece.
- Claim 22. A method of adjusting a movable body in a support structure characterized by rotating the body about an axis of rotation displaceable within a given plane and also linearly travelling the body along an axis contained within the said plane and perpendicular to the said axis of rotation.
- Claim 23. The invention of Claim 22 in which the said rotation of the body takes place along an oscillating path.
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14582780A | 1980-05-01 | 1980-05-01 | |
| US173,057 | 1993-12-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1164425A true CA1164425A (en) | 1984-03-27 |
Family
ID=22514736
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000376632A Expired CA1164425A (en) | 1980-05-01 | 1981-04-30 | Luminaire apparatus with multiple light source |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS56162402A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1164425A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA812764B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63202891A (en) * | 1987-02-19 | 1988-08-22 | 第一照明株式会社 | Illumination apparatus |
-
1981
- 1981-04-27 ZA ZA00812764A patent/ZA812764B/en unknown
- 1981-04-30 CA CA000376632A patent/CA1164425A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-01 JP JP6757481A patent/JPS56162402A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS56162402A (en) | 1981-12-14 |
| ZA812764B (en) | 1982-12-29 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |