CA1155424A - Aspirated vertical axis rotating drum sifter with vibratory and rolling contact clearers - Google Patents
Aspirated vertical axis rotating drum sifter with vibratory and rolling contact clearersInfo
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- CA1155424A CA1155424A CA000338731A CA338731A CA1155424A CA 1155424 A CA1155424 A CA 1155424A CA 000338731 A CA000338731 A CA 000338731A CA 338731 A CA338731 A CA 338731A CA 1155424 A CA1155424 A CA 1155424A
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- screen
- free
- cleaning
- drum
- thrower
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Abstract
CLEANING AND/OR GRADING MACHINE FOR FREE-FLOWING
MATERIALS
ABSTRACT OF DISCLOSURE
A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials comprises at least one cleaning and/or grading unit accommodated in a hollow housing which is secured on a frame and connected with an aspirating chamber; a batching device located in the upper part of said housing; an air separating channel installed in the same housing and com-prising a thrower of the free-flowing material; a rotor ins-talled in said drum having a material distributor in the upper part; said screen drum is built up of a number of con-secutively arranged sections each consisting of a screen in the form of a body of revolution ad secured on support-ing tings; the sections are interconnected by equidistant tie rods extending through said supporting rings which makes it possible to assemble these sections into standardized screen drums while the cleaners installed at the external side of said drum opposite to each other relative to the rotation axis of said drum ensure efficient cleaning of the holes of said screen.
MATERIALS
ABSTRACT OF DISCLOSURE
A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials comprises at least one cleaning and/or grading unit accommodated in a hollow housing which is secured on a frame and connected with an aspirating chamber; a batching device located in the upper part of said housing; an air separating channel installed in the same housing and com-prising a thrower of the free-flowing material; a rotor ins-talled in said drum having a material distributor in the upper part; said screen drum is built up of a number of con-secutively arranged sections each consisting of a screen in the form of a body of revolution ad secured on support-ing tings; the sections are interconnected by equidistant tie rods extending through said supporting rings which makes it possible to assemble these sections into standardized screen drums while the cleaners installed at the external side of said drum opposite to each other relative to the rotation axis of said drum ensure efficient cleaning of the holes of said screen.
Description
1 ~ ~.5~124 ~L~ANIN~ ~/O~ G~lr~ G ~CIIIN~ FOR FRI~E~ O~NG
N~1AT~`RI~S
;' The present inven~ion relates to separating machines and more particularly it relates to cleaning and/or grading ~ machines for free-flowing materials.
.~ ~he present invention can be used to separate v~rious free-~lowin~ materials in chemical, ore-mi~i~g and food industries and ~ery widely to clean and/or grade grain and ~eeds in agricultureO
In many ~echnological processe~ the clea~ing and/or grading machines for free-flowing materials ensuxe the pro-duction of a semi-~inished or finished product o~ the re-quired ~uality. For example9-tke modern agriculture practi-cally cannot be prov~ded with high-quality seeds vlithout the use o~ such machines. Known in the prior axt are ma~
t~tpes of separating machines which dif~er from one another mainly bg tha principle o~ sepaxating free-~lowin~ materials into fractions. 0~ all the types of separ~ting machines used in ag~ricul~ure -the most common ones are the air-and-screen separating machines which separate the free-~lowing materials by airblast and ~creens. In the first place these machines clean the seeds of many t~pes of impurities and grade them in order to select ~he most germina~i~g ones.
~herefore, improvemen~ of the known desi~ns of such machines and creati~n of radically new ones constitutes a vital tech-nical problemO
~ idely known-in the prior art are cleaning and/o~
.~
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grading machines for free-flowing materials which comprise a frame on which are mounted one or two vertical air channels with an aspirating chambers, a system of flat screens, a drive for vibrating the screens, and screen cleaning devices. In most cases such machines ensure the requisite quality of cleaning and/or grading of free-flowing materials but their output re-ferred to their mass is comparatively low. This should be attributed to the fact that the intensity of separation in these machines is governed mainly by the effect of gravity forces which have a certain value for each kind of mixture of free-flowing materials. Therefore, acceleration of the particles of a free-flowing material during separation does not exceed 9.81 m/s2 which limits the intensity of separation.
Known in the prior art is a cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials, including grain and seeds (see, for example Conoerse's et al U.S. patent no. 3,794,166, dated February 26, 1974, Cl USA 209/301). This machine comprises a housing with a movably mounted screen made in the form of a body of revolution, a drive which imparts a rotary motion and vertical vibration to the screen, a screen cleaner in the form of a body of revolution installed at one side of the screen and pressed by springs against its external surface. Such a machine gives a considerable gain in the output referred to its mass due to the utilization of the centrifugal forces of inertia of the particles of free-flowing materials for in-B
1 ~55424 tensifying the process of separation. However, this machine canincorporate only one screen and thus can separate the free-flowing material only into two fractions; the machine has no air sep-arating channel which prevents the free~flowing material from being cleaned and/or graded by the weight of the particles. In-asmuch as the screen cleaner is installed at only one side of the screen, this fails to ensure the required intensity of cleaning of the screen holes because after the screen has turned through an angle equal to approximately ~ radians, these holes are again heavily clogged with the particles of the separated material which cuts down sharply the output and performance of the machine. The use of only one type of hole cleaner with a smooth surface also reduces considerably the efficiency of the machine because a sizable proportion of the particles of the free-flowing material cannot be forced out of the holes by the cleaner of one type alone. These disadvantages reduce substantially the efficiency of such a machine in, say, agriculture.
There are also other known cleaning and/or grading machines for free-~lowing materials (see, for ex~mple, Goncharov's VSSR Author's Certificate No. 506439, issued Novem~er 21, 1975, Int. Cl. B07 B 1/44). This machine comprises several identical air-and-screen separating units rigidly secured on the frame, a drive for actuating the working elements of the units, and aspirating chambers connected with said units. Each unit :
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consists o~ a hollow housing accommodating a consecutivel~
arranged air-separating device and a vertical rotor~ Mou~ted movably on ~he rotor is a screen drum with several consecuti-vely arranged screens made i~ the form of a body of re~olu-tion. Installed on the upper part of the rotor, coaxiall~
therewith, on bearings i5 a thrower in the form of a trun-cated cone with a smooth surface, drive, by the rotor via a reduction unit. ~he` screen drum ~nd screens are of the in-separable construction, the ~cxeens being rigidly secured on the drum. At one side of the screen drum are installed screen cleaners made in the form of a body of revolution and provided with a bristl~ surface. The cleaners are arti-culated to the unit housing and pressed against the external surface of the screens. For receiving the free-flowing mate-rial each unit incorporates a batching device constituted by a cylindrical pipe with a gate installed thereon. he screens are put i~ vibratory motio~ by crank-type vibratQrs rigidly ~ecured to the frame of the machine. The sc~een dxum with screens rotates arou~d a vertical axis and simultaneously vibrates along the same a~is.
~ he free-~lowing material delivered into the machine is first treated with air for separating the "light'7 particles the~ consecutivel~ by several scraens for separating the material into the required ~umber of fractions. ~ue to ~he effect of the ce~trifugal forces of inertia on the particles of the material being ~ep æ a~ed by the rotating and vibrating 3creens the output and performa~ce of the la~tsr are radical~y 5 _ 1 ~5~24 improved. ~he amount of the material loaded int~ ~he machine can be controlled by ~chan~ing the height of the gap bet~een the gate and the thrower bottom.
r~his machine is favourably distinguished from the other prior art machines by high output and versatility~ for ex~mple, by the possibility of separating the material into more than two fractions and grading it by the weight of par-~icles. Eo~ever~ this machine has substantial disadvantages too.
The fact tha~ the screen drum and screens are inseparable and that the screens ar~ rigidly secured o~ the drum co~plicates considerably the replacement o~ screen~ in case of their wear or when shi~ting over to treatment of another kind of frea--floY~in~ material and reduces su~sta~tially the standardiza-tion of machines which incorporate screen drums-with a diffe-re~t number of screens. The use of only one type of cleaners, e.g. with a bristly surfa~e and installed only at one side of the screen drum constitutes the sam2 disadvantage as that of the oth2r machines. ~he provision ~n the machine of the reduction unit for driving the thrower complicates the design and impairs reliability. The batching device in the form of a cy~indrical pipe with a gate installed thereon fail~ to e~-SU~8 the requisite uniformity of batching of the free-flowing material thus r~d~cing th~ efficienc~ o~ the machine. All these factors taken to~ether complicate the employment of the machine and reduce the degree of ~tandardization of such machines characterized b~ dif~erent output and appll-_, ., . _ . .
1 ~ 55~24cation.
~he main obae~t of the present in~ention resides in a - considerable increase in the efficienc~ of separation of free-flowing materials.
Another object of the present invention resides in stepp~ ng Up the degree of standardization of the cleaning and~or grading machines fox free-flowing materials o~ diffe-rent output and applica~ion~
Still another object of the prese~t invention resides in simplifying substan~ially the replacement of screens ~n service.
An important objec~ of the present inYentiOn resides in simpli~ying the design o~ the cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowi~g materials.
¦ Another important object of the present invention resides is providing a cleaning and/or grading machine ~or ¦ free-flowing materials wherein a modi~ication of the desig~ -of the screen drum, screens, screen hole cleaner~, batching I device and thrower would increase considerably the ef~icienc~
I of the machine and simplify its desig~ and operatio~
I These and other object~ are accomplished b~ providing ¦ a cleaning and/or grading machine for ~ree-flowing material~
I comprising at least one cleaning and/or grading unit v~hose ¦ hollow housing is secured on the frame and accommodates the ! conse~Utivel~ arranged batching device, air-separati~g I channel with a ~ree-flowing material thrower inside, a rotox !
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i with a screen)drum whose upper part houses a material dis-tributor 9 screen cleaners installed at the external side of the drum in direct co~tact Y~ith said external sur~ace, and a drive ~astened on the frame and imparting to the drum a rotar~ and, simultaneously, vibratory motion, each unit being connected with an aspirating chamber wherein, accord-ing to the invention, the screen drum is o~ a built-up cons-truction consisting of several consecutively arr~nged sec-~ions, each section comprising a screen i~ the ~orm of a body of revolution secured on supporting rings, wherein all the sectio~s are interco~nected by the tie rods e~tend-ing through the supporting rings and wherein ~he screen cleaners are installed opposite to each other rela~ive to ths rotation axis of the dxum.
This l~yout of the machine increases considerably ! the effectiveness of separation of the free-flowing material and simul~aneously improves st~nd~rdization o~ such machine~
Of di~fere~t output and applicatio~.
It is practicable that the screen should be of a sepa-rable construction, consisting o~ several sections along its generating surface.
This design of the screen simpli~ies considerabl~ its replacement in the machin~.
The joints between the separable section~ of the screen should be enclosed in hollo~ straps whose ~al~s ~ill serve as stiffener ribs o~ the screen-This ensures the requisite sealing of the screen joints '~ ~
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and at the same time raises their sti~ness in a radial di-rection.
It is practicable ~hat the screens should be provided with cleaners having smooth and bristly sur~aces.
This will ensure a much more efficient cleaning of the scree~ holes from various particles of the material being separated.
The screen ho~es cleaner should be made in the form of a body of revolution , its shaft should be secured on a lever one end of which should be connected by a joint with the unit body~ the other end with a damper 2nd the cleaners should be pressed against the external surface of the screen drum by a spring.
This will improve considerably the stability o~ clean-er pressing against the screen thereby intensifying the clean-ing of the hole.
The damper should be made in the orm of a friction pai~ one element of which has the form of a cylinder and is movably linked wlth the unit body while the other element has the form of a current plate ri~idly co~nocted w~th the other end of the lever; the co~vex side of the curved plate should bs in contact with the cylinder and the centre of curvature of its surface should coincide with the centre of the joint.
This ~ill simplify the de~ign of the damper and ex~end its service life.
The distributor should be made in the or~ of a trun-1 ~5542~L
cated cone whose larger base points upward~
This will ensure a higher uniformity o~ supply of ~hematerial being separated onto the surface o~ the scree~.
~ he internal surface o~ the screen drum around the distri~utor should be provided with longitudinal ribs in the form o~ plates.
~ his will prevent tangential slipping of the material over the screen surface and ~nsure a more u~i~orm distribution of the material over the perimeter o~ the screen (along the line of its normal scction).
~ he batching device consists of an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe rigidly connected to each other with their longi-tudinal axes intersecting at an angle approximately equal to /2 and ths o~tlet pipe accommodates an adausting valYe.
This ensures uniform batching o~ the ~ree-flowing mate-rial thus improving the quality o~` separatio~.
The thrower o~ the lree ~lowing material is made o~ a guide cone rigidly connected to a throwing cone, the apices of both cones pointin~ in opposite directions and the guide cone being arranged coa~ially inside the throwing cone whose inter~al surface matches with the external sur~ace o~ the guide cone b~ a toroidal sur~ace; rigidl~ connected to these sur~aces are plate-like vanes whose height is considerably smaller th~n that o~ the throwing cone.
~ his ensures the required speed of delivery o~ the free-flowing ~aterial into the air-separating channel and ~ 10 -.. . . .
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simpli~'ies th~ design of the machine due to the reduction unit ~rom the thrower drive.
Now the inven-~ion will be explained by way of examples with re~erénce to the accompanying dra~ing, in which:
Fig. 1 is a ~tructural diagram o~ the cleaning and~or ~rading machine for free-flowi~g materia~s a~cording to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the rotor of the cleaning and/or grading unit o~-the cleaning and/ox grading machine ~or free-flowing materials according to the inven-tion;
~ ig. 3 is a cross section of the cleaning andJor gra-ding unit of the cleanin~ and~or grading machine ~or ~ree~
~lo~ing materials according to the inven~ion;
Fig. 4 is a section through the screën drum mounting hinge on the rotor of the cleaning and/or grading unit according to the invention;
~ ig. 5 is a structura~ diagxam o~ the screen c~eaner and its ~astening to the body of the c~eaning and/or grading unit according to the invention;
Fig. 6 ~s a section thxough khe batching device o~ the clean~ng and~or grading unit according to the invention~
~ ig. 7 is a section through the material ~hxower accord-ing to the inven~ion;
~ ig. 8 is a top ~iew of the material thrower accoxding to the invention.
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The cleaning and/or grading machine for free-f~owing materials comprises, for examp~e, two cleaning and/or grading units 1 (Fig, 1) installed on a common f~ame 2 and communica ted with an aspirating chamber 3. Mounted on the ~rame 2 are the drives ~ o~ the units 1. ~he machine according to the i~vention may also be provided for example with only one unit 1 which design will be dea~ with in detail below~
~ ach clea~in~ and/or grading unit 1 compxises a hollow housing 5 mounted on a ~rame 2. ~he housing ~ accommodates a circular air-separating channel 6 and a thrower 7 intended to deliver the ~ree-flowing material into the circular channel 6. ~ocated under the separating channel 6 is a roto~ 8 (Figs 1~2,~) with a screen drum 9~ Drum cleaners iO and 11 are installed on the housing 5 (Figs 1,3) at the e~ternal surface of the drum 9 in direct contact with the latter.
In the upper part of the housing 5 (Fig. 1~ is installed a ~atching device 12 which delivers the ~ree-f~owing material o~to the thrower 7.
~ he walls of the housi~g 5 are provided ~ith holes 13 admitting air in~o the channel 6 and with outlet channels 14,15,16,17 and hatches 18~ The housing 5 has an outlet 19 into the aspirating chamber 3. ~he outlet channels 14 and 15 of each unit are interconnected by collectors 20 and 21.
~ he aspirating chamber 3 has i~let channels 22 with valves ~3; it also has an outlet channel 24 with a valve 25 and a channel 26.
:
~ 12 -1:~55424 ~ he rotor 8 (Fig. 1) is installed on th~ housing 5 on bearings 27 and 2~. ~he bearing 27 is connected ~ith the housing 5 by a cone 29 which delivers the free-fLowing ma-terial to the rotor 8.
~ he rotor 8 (Figs 1,2) has an upper sha~t 30 rigidly connected with a plate 31, and a hollow lower shaft 32 ri-gidly.connected with a plata.33. ~he plates 31 and 33 are rigidly interconnected by three supports 34.
The screen drum 9 is secured on the rotor 8 ~Figs 1,2,3) by means of kangers 35 provided with hinges 36. The hangers 35 are arranged in threes in the upper and lower par~s of the screen drum and transmit the rotary movement from the rotor 8 to the screen drum 9, simultaneously parmitting the screen drum 9 to reciprocate (vibrate) in a ~ertical directio~.
The screen drum 9 (Figs 1~2,3) is of a built-up cons-truction consisting for e~ample of two consecutively arr~nged identical sections 37 and a section 389 each of thesQ sec-~ions comprising a screen 39 having the shape of a body of re-volu~ion, e.g. cylindrical. I~ is expedient that the scxeen 39 (Fig~ 2) sh~u~d be secured o~ supporting rings 40 and 41 i~ the section 38 and on supporting rings 41 in the section 37~
~ he suppor~ing rin~ 41 (Fig. ~) can be made, ~or example, of a strong and light material and comprise two concentricaLl~ arrange~ rims 42 and 43 interconnected b~
ribs 44. ~he inner rim 43 should have three equidistant through holes 45 (Fig~ 2, 3). The ring 40 (Fig. 2) can be made of the same material and, similarl~ to the ring 41, have equidistant holes 46.
~ here should be hollow spacer posts 47 installed between ths rings 40 and 41 (Figo 2) of the section 38 and bet~een the rings 41 o~ the section 37 opposite the holes 46 and 45 respectively~
Installed between the sections 37 and 38 opposi~e the holes 45 of the supporting rings 41 are the hinges 36 of the hangers 75 while located betw~en the sections 37 is a crosspiece 48 (~igs 1~293) so tha~ its ho~es 49 (Fig. 2) coincida with the holes ~5 in the supporting rings ~1. In the lower part o~ the screen drum 9 there also are the hinges 36 of the hangers 35 installed opposite the holes ~5 of ~he supporting ring 41. ~he sections 37 and 38 as well as the hinges 36 and the crosspiece 48 ~re held together b~ the e~uidistant tie rods 50 passin~ throu~h the holes 46 o~ the ring 40, the holes 45 of the rings 41, the.hinges 36 a~d the holes 4~ c~ the crosspiece 4~. .
This design of the screen drum 9 makes it possible to manufacture the screen drums from standardized sections 37 and 38 with a di~f2rent number o~ scr~ens in the c~eaning and~or grading machines for free-flowing materia~s o~ di~fe-rent output and applicatio~s. ~his ens~res a high structural standardization of these machines, thus r~ducing their manu-~acturIng and operating C08tS.
. ~he hangers 35 (Fig~ 1,2,3~) have the form of a rod with rings 51 (Fig. 4) a~ both ends. ~hese rings receive at ~ 14 -. . . . . .. .
~ ~55424 both sides sleeves 52 of a flexible and wear-resista~t materia~, e.g. rubber or ~lexible pol~urethane. Installed in-side the sleeves 52 are steel sleeves 5~ which accommoda~e a tie rod 50 at one end of the h~nger 35 (~ig. 2) and a post 54 a~ the other end, this post 54 being rigidly connected wit~ the rotor 8. This design ol the hangers 36 renders them highly dependable for the required kinematics of the s~reen drum 9.
Vanes 55 and 56 are rigidly attached to the rotor 8 (Fig. 1) a~d v~nes 57 and 58 (Figs 1a2)~ to the screen drum 9. ~hese vane~ are intended to unload the fractions o~ the ~aterial to be separated from the unit 1 ~Fig. 1).
Seals 59 ~ade of a ~exible material, e.g. rubber, are installed between the rings 41 (Fig. 2) i~ the joint between the sections 37 and 38.
The screen 39 (Figs 2,3) is ~ade separable along the generating line "A" (~ig. 2) o~ its sur~ace, being divided, ~or exa~p~e, into two identical parts I and II (Fig. ~)~
This design of the screen 39 simplifies considerably its rep~a-cement in the screen drum (Figs 1,2,~).
In the disclosed machine the screen 39 may be made separable into a larger number o~ parts1 for e~ample into three or four parts, depending on the screen diameter.
Each section ~7 and 38 (~ig. 2) should be provided with hollow straps 60 (~igs 2,3) secured rigid~y to th~
rings 40 and 41. The number of the straps 60 should be equal _, . . ~
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to the number o~ the separable parts of the screen 39, e.g.
I and II~ ~he j~inting portions 61 (~ig. 3) of the parts I
and II o~ the screens ~9 should be located bet~een the~lls 60I and 60II o~ the hollow straps 60. The walls 60I a~d 60 serve simu~taneousl~ as the radial stiffener ribs of the parts I and II o~ the screens 39~
~ his e~sures sealing of the parts I and II oX the screen 39 at the joints along the generating lino 'IA" (Figo2) and egtends considerably its seFvice li~e due to a higher stiffness in a radial direction.
~ he parts I and II (~ig. ~) o~ the screen 39 are held more reliably on the supporting rings ~0 and 41 (Fig~ 2) and in the hollow straps (Figs 2, 3) by clamps 62.
Each of the screens 39 (Figs 2~ 3) is cleaned b~ the jointly installed bWO cloaners 10 and 11 (Figs 1, 3) arranged opposite each other rela~ive to the rotation axis 6~ (~igs 1, 2) o~ the screen drum 9. O~e o~ the cleaners, ~or example 10 ( Figs 1, 3), has a smooth sur~ace and the othe.r one 11, a bristly surface. ~he number of the clea~ers o~ t~pes 10 and 11 may be greater~ for e~ample ~our~ depe~ding on the.
diameter o~ the screen 39. ~he cleaners 10 and 11 must be made in the lor~ of a bod~ o~ revo~ution whose shaft 54 ~Fig. 5) ls installed in a bearing 65 on a lever 66. One e~d 66" o~ the lever 66 is connected b~ a joi~t 67 an~ support 68 with a plate 69 rigidl~ secured on the housing 5. ~he other end 66' o~ the lever 66 .is connected to a damper 70.
~he damper 70 suppxesses the ~orced vibrations o~ the clea~
.
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1~$542 ners 10 and 11 ari~ing during rotatio~ of the screen drum 9 ~Figs 112,3).
~ he damper 70 (Fig. 5) can be, for example, of a friction type consistIng of two elements 71 and 72~ It is expedient that ~he element 71 should be made cylindrical in shape and connected by a post 73 and a hinge 74 v~ith the plate 69. ~he element 71 is made o~ anti-friction material, say, fluorinated plastic~ etc.
~ he element 72 has the form of a curved plate of a hard v7ear-resistant material and is rigidly connected with the end 66~ o~ the lever 66. ~he convex side 75 of the ele-~-ent 72 should contact the elem~nt 71 a~d the centre "0"' o~
curvature (radius of curvature t~l) of the sur~ace 75 should coincide with the centre "0" of the hinge 67. ~he suxface of the convex side 75 of the element 72 is smooth.
The elements 71 and 7~ are pressed against each o~her by a spring 76 which at the same time presses the cleaners 10 a~d 11 against the surface o~ the screens 39 (~igs 2,3,5) of the screen drum 9 (~igs 1,2,3) through ~ post 7? rigidly connected with the lever 66. ~he friction type of the damper 70 (Fig. 5) en~ures simplicity of its design and high opera-tional dependability.
The damper in the disclosed machine may a~so be hydrau-lic or ma~netoelectricl depending on the abrasive and mag~e-tic properties o~ the ~ree-~lowing material being separated.
The smooth cleaners 10 (Figs 1,~,5) may be made as, . - 1 1 1554~
sa~ t discs 78 (Figo 5~ slipped on the sha~t 64. It is ex-pedien~ that these discs should be made from a wear-resistant material?
It is practicable that the brist~y cleaners 11 ~Figs 1~ 3) should be in the ~orm of discs 79 (~ig~ 3) with resi-lient brist~es 80 secured thereto. ~he brist~es are made of, say, wear-resista~t synthetic materia~s.
~ he distributor 81 (~igs 1, 2) is rigid~y connected wi~h the sha~t 30 o~ the rotor 8 and is made in the ~orm o~
a truncated cone whose larger base 82 poirl~s upward.
~ igidly secured o~ ~he internal sur~ace o~ the screen dru~ 9, ~or e~ample on the ri~g 40 (Fig.2) around the distri-butor 81 are longitudinal ribs 83 (~igs 1, 2) in the form of plates. This design of the distributor 81 and the provision o~ the ribs 83 ensure uni~orm delivery and distribution of the free-f~owing material in the scre~n drum 9 (Figs 1,2,3).
~ he batching de~ice 1~ (Figs 196) consists o~ an in~et.
pipe 84 (Fig, 6) and an outlet pipe 85. The longitudinal axes 86`and 87 of the inlet pipe 84 and outlet pipe 85 intersect at an angl~ which is approximately equal to J~/2.
Installed inside the outlet pipe 85 is an adjustin~ valve 88 secured by a hinge 8~ to the pipe 85 which permi-t~ chan-ging the size of the gap "a". 0~ top, the out~et pipe 85 is closed with a cover 90 which can be made remoYable.
The thrower 7 ~igs 1,7,8) comprises a guide cone 91 rigidly connected to a thrower cone 92 (Fig~ 7). ~he cone - 18 ~ .
1 ~55~24 91 is arra~ged coaxially i~side the cone 92 and the cone apices point in opposite directîons.~he internal surface of the thrower cone 92 matches with the external surface of the guide cone 91 by a toroidal surface 93. Rigidly secured to these surfaces are plate-like vanes 94 (Figs 7~8) which can be arranged; for example, radially with rela-~ion to the centre ~5 (~ig~ 8) o~ the base 96 (~ig. 7) o~
the thrower 7 (Figs 1,7,8). ~he height h o~ the plate~like vanes 94 is considerabl~ smaller than the height E of the thrower cone 92. ~he base 96 of the thrower 7 is rigidly connected with the upper shaft ~0 (Figs 1~,3,7) o~ the rotor 8 (Figs 1,2).
Xotary motion is imparted to the rotor 8 o~ each unit 1 (Fig. 1) by an electric motor 97 with a pulley 98 installed on the frame; the pulley is connected by a belt transmission 99 with a pu~ley 100 rigidly secured on the rotor 8.
~ ibratory motion along the axis 63 is imparted to the scree~ drum 9 (~ig~ 1) by a vibrator 101 installed on ~he frame 2 and ~rovided with a cra~ shaft 102 connected with an electric motor 103. The crank 104 of the shaft 102 is linked movabl~ with a rod 105 (Figs 192)`which is connected with the crosspiece 48 by a spherical bearing 106.
~ o relieve the crank shaft 102 (Fig. 1) of the weight of the scree~ drum 9, the crosspiece 48 is connected b~ a spring 107 with the shaft 30 (Figs 1,2) of the ro~or 8. In this way the weight of the screen drum 9 is applied to the .. . . . .
~ ~5~24 rotor 8, Should it become ~ecessary to reduce the rated outpu-t of the machine according to tn~ inven~ion, it may be used with, say 3 only one unit 1 (Fig. 1). In this case the number of drives 4 will be correspondingly reduced, the dimensions o~ the ~rame will diminish proportionally and the aspirating chamber 3 wil~ be made with a corresponding~y smaller num-ber o~` ch~nnels 22 and valves 23. '~he collectors 20 ~nd 21 are eliminated altogether.
The c~ea~ing and/or ~rading machine for free-~lowing materials realized according to the prese~t invention func-tions as follows. As the electric motor 97 (~ig. 13 is switched ont ~he rotor 8 is set in rotation via the belt transmission 99. Simultaneously, the rotary motion is transmitted via the hangers 35 (~igs 1,293) from the rotor 8 to the screen drum 9. The cleaners 10 and 11 (Fi~s 1,33 pxessed ~gainst the screens 39 (Fi~s 2~) of the scree~ drum 9 (Figs 1,2) also start rotating due to the effect of the forces of friction.
As the electric motor 103 (Fig. 1) is turned on, the crank shaft 102 of the vibrator 101 also starts rotating so th~t thè rod 105 imparts ~ia crosspiece 48 vibrator~
(reciproca~ing) motion to the scree~ drum 9 (~igs 17 2) along the axis 63.
~ he free-flowi~g ma~erial to be separated e~ter~ at a certain velocity into the i~let pipe 84 ~Fig. 6) of the batching device 12 (Fig~ 1; 6) of each uni-t 1 (~ig~
-- ~0 --~1 15542~
Inasmuch as the batching device is realiæed in accordance with the present invention, the stream of the free-~loY~ing material is directed by the inlet pipe 84 into the outlet pipe 85 at an almost straight angle to the surface of the adjusting valve 88 and this reduces sharply -the velocity of the stream of the material being separated. Fr~m the outlet ~ipe 85 the material emerges at an almost constant speed which depends but very little on the velocit~ with which the material has entered the pipe 84. r~he amount of the material is batched by changing the size o~ the gap "a`' which is achieved b~ turning valve 88 in the hinge 89~
~his ensures uniform batching o~ the free-~lowing material when the disclosed machine is used under various conditions which improve~ considerably the ef~iciency o~ the machine.
~ rom the outl~t pipe 85 (Fig. 6) the material being separated ~alls in a metered stream on the guide co~e 91 (Fig. ?)` of the thrower 7 (Figs 1,7,8). ~his cone delivers the material uni~ormly to the vanes 94 (Figs 798) while the toroidal sur~ace 93 (~ig. 7) ~eeds it ~reel~ onto ~he inner surfàce o~ the thrower co~e 92. ~he ~anes 94 accelerate sharply the moYement of the material and deliver it in u~i~orm streams to the upper part (H - h) of the thrower cone 92. On this portion of the smooth surface of the cone 92 individual streams of the material merge into a solid ~low which is then introduced at the required speed into the circu~ar air sepa-rating cha~nel 6 (~ig. 1). ~his design o~ the thrower 7 _ 21 -1 ~55~24 (~ig~ 1~778) attains two effects simultaneously9i~e imparts the required velocity to the material being separated and distributes it uni~ormly in the separating cha~nel 6.
A ~an installed, for example, ou-tside of the disclosed machine, builds up a stream of air ~lowing through the holes 13 (Fig. 1), circular channel 6, outlet 19, chan~el 22, aspi-rating chamber 3, channel 26, and thence,/through an addi~i-onal air duct9 to the fan. The material distributed by the thrower 7 in the circular channe~ 6 is blown by the air stream which separa~es "light" particles ~rom said material and carries them into the aspiratin~ chamber 3 from where they are unloaded into the channel 2~ and are conducted through the valve 25 into the connector 20.
~ he velocity of the air flow in the cix~ular channel 6 is co~trolled by the valve 230 The material treated with air is directed b~ the cone 29 onto the distributor 81 rotating join~ly with the rotor 8.
Due to th~ design o~ the distributor 81 according to the present invention the free-flowin~ material slides over its internal surface radially and tangentially and i~ thus uni-~ormly distributed over the internal sur~ace of the ri~g 40 (~ig. 2) which is proYia~d with xibs 83 ~Figs 1, 2)~ ~h~
ribs 83 catch equal portions o~ the ~ree-~lowing material and rotate them at a speed equal to the rotation speed o~ the scxeen drum 9. At the same time the ribs 83 pre~en~ said portions of the material from sliding tangentially over the - 22 ~
-1 155~2~
internal surface of the ring 40 (~ig. 2). Al~ these ~actors ensure unifQrm distribution o~ the material along the peri-meter S (Fig. 3) of the screens 39 (Figs 2, ~) which is vital for highly efficient performance of the screens 39-~his increases the output and the performance o~ the screens 3~.
Joint rotation of the material with the screen drum 9 (~ig. 2) creates a centrifugal force of inertia which pres~
ses the material against the i~ternal surface of each screen 39 wh; le the vibrator~ motion of these screens join~ly with the screen drum 9 creates an additional force of inertia which interacts with the weight of the particles and ensures the progressive downward motion of the material o~er the surface of the screens 39. ~aken together, all these fac tors ensure intensive shifting, for example, of the smallest particles by the upper screen 39 (Fig. 2), of larger particles-by the middle screen 39 and of still larger particles, b~ the lo~e~ screen 39. Each fraction of the free-flowing material i~ unloaded, respectivel~ bg the rotating vanes 58957,56 ~Figs 1,2) into the outlet channels 14,15~16 (Fig. 1).
~ he largest particles of the material being separated ~ann ~rom the lower screen 39 and are unloaded by tho va~es 55 into the outlet chan~el 17~ In this manner the source mixture of the free-flowing material is divided into the required ~umber of fractions which is an import~t advan~r tage of the disclosed machine as compared with the prior art 1 ~5S424 machines.
~ he hollow straps 60 (Figs 2, 3) preven-t the material f~om falling through at the aoining zones 61 (Fig. 3) of the par~S I and II of the screens 39 which rules out the possi-bility of contami~ation of the produced fractions of the free-flowing material thereby improving the operational st~ndard of the machine according to the inventionO
As the free-flowing material ~s being sifted through the screens 39 (Figs 2, 3), their holes are intensively clogged with the particles of ~he material. ~he cleaners 10 and 11 (Figs 1, 3) force these particles out of the holes.
~he fact that the cleaners 10 and 11 are set opposite to each other relative to the rotation axis 63 (Figs 1, 2) of the screen drum 9 (Figs 1,2,3) according to the invention~
ensures a more intensive cleaning of the holes in the screens 39 (Figs 2, 3) than can be obtained in the pre~iously known ~achines wherein the cleaners of the type 10 or 11 are in-stalled a~ one side of the s¢reen drum. ~his likewise leads to a substantial improvement of performance of the screens 39.
~ he use of the cleaners with a smooth surface 10 (Figs 1~ 3) join-tly with the cleaners wi-th a bristly surface 11 in the machine according to the prese~t invention a~so im-proves the cleaning of the holes in the screens 39 (Figs 1,2,3) because the smooth cleaners 10 characterized bg sufficient stiffness are more efficien~ in freeing the screen holes from the fir~y stuck particles which mainlg ., , , ., . . . . ,, , ., .. .... , . . .. .. , . . ... , I
~ :~55~24 stand out abo~e the external sur~ace of the scree~s 39. 'rhe cleaners 11 (Figs 1, 3) with ~le~ible bristles 80 (Fig. 80) are more efficient in forcing out the particles that are embedded deep in the screen holes~ Just the join~ utiliza-tion of the cleaners 10 and 11 ensures a b~ far ~ore effecti~e cleaning o~ the holes than their separate employmen-t; t~i~
additiona~l~ raises the output ana per~ormance of the machine according to the present invention.
~ s the cleaners 10 and 11 (Fig. 3) roll over the sur-face o~ the screens ~9, they break contact with these screens periodically due to a number o~ factor8 acting on the cleaners 10, 11 such as, ~or example, the action of the particles standing out o~ the holes. This motion o~ the cleaners 10 and 11 reduces the intensity of hole c~eaning. ~he nega-'iv~ e ~ect o~ thi6 phenomenon is considerably limited by connecting the cleaners 10 a~d 11 with a friction damper 70 (~ig. 5). ~Yhen the cleaner 10 or 11 (Figs 39 5) breaks o~f ~rom the screen 39g the element 72 (Fig~ 5) of the damper 70 is displaced relative to the eleme~t 71 so that a considerable proportion o~ the kinetic energy of the cleaner 10 or 11 is spent for doing work by the forces of friction originated by the contact between the elements 71 and 72. The curved-plate shape o~ the element 72 whose centre of curvature "0 "' coincides with the centre i.o~. o~ the hinge 67 and the c~lindrical shape of the element 71 ensure s~ooth moveme~-t (sliding) of the element 71 withou~ scoring and wedging over __ . ~ __., . __ _ . _ ._ _ _.. ~. .. _ .. ... ,.. _ _._. _ . .. _ _ . __.. _ .. _ .. _ ._ . _.. ... _.. _ . _ .. _ - .. _.. .. __. _~ .r.--.. .- - - . - - .--.. .... -:
1 ~5~24 -the co~eæ surface 75 of the element 72. This increases considerabl~ the reliabi~ity of the damper 70 ~nd the stan-dard of cleaning of the screens 39 by the cleaners 10 and 1'1 (~igs 19 3).
In this ty,oe of cleaning and/or grading machines for free-~lowing materials it is essential that th~ screens should be efficientl~ cleaned easily removable and stan-dardized.It is just due to the ~act that the screen ~rum 9 (~'igs 1, 2) is built up of several sections 37 a~d 38, that the screens 39 are of the ~eparable construction consist-ing for e~ample of two parts I and II a~ong the generating surface and that the ~creen cleaners 10 ana 11 are installed opposite each other according to the invention, the machine acquires the basic advantage, that of a considerably higher efficiency ~nd a high degree of stanaardization. Besides, the joint employment of the smooth and bristl~ cleaners 10 and 11 and their joining with the friction damper 70 reali-zed according to the inven*ion i~pxo~es sti~l more the efficiency of the machine due to a more intensive cleani~g of the screen holes~ In addition to this ef~ect, the uni~orm deliver~ of the material onto the screens 39 due to the provision of the distributor 81 and ribs 83 according to the invention improves considerably the e~iciency o~ the disclosed machine.
Besides, the e~ficienc~ of the disclosed machine is increased due to the design o~ the batching device 12 ~ s 1 ~5542~
19 6) according to the invention which ensures uniform batch-ing of the free-flowing materials thereby improving their separation. ~he quality of separati~on of the free-flowing materials is also improved because the-:thrower 7 (~igs 1~7,8) realized according to the invention impart~ an optimum velo-cit~ to the material and distributes it uniforml~in the separating channel 5 (~ig. 1).
- ~7 . .
N~1AT~`RI~S
;' The present inven~ion relates to separating machines and more particularly it relates to cleaning and/or grading ~ machines for free-flowing materials.
.~ ~he present invention can be used to separate v~rious free-~lowin~ materials in chemical, ore-mi~i~g and food industries and ~ery widely to clean and/or grade grain and ~eeds in agricultureO
In many ~echnological processe~ the clea~ing and/or grading machines for free-flowing materials ensuxe the pro-duction of a semi-~inished or finished product o~ the re-quired ~uality. For example9-tke modern agriculture practi-cally cannot be prov~ded with high-quality seeds vlithout the use o~ such machines. Known in the prior axt are ma~
t~tpes of separating machines which dif~er from one another mainly bg tha principle o~ sepaxating free-~lowin~ materials into fractions. 0~ all the types of separ~ting machines used in ag~ricul~ure -the most common ones are the air-and-screen separating machines which separate the free-~lowing materials by airblast and ~creens. In the first place these machines clean the seeds of many t~pes of impurities and grade them in order to select ~he most germina~i~g ones.
~herefore, improvemen~ of the known desi~ns of such machines and creati~n of radically new ones constitutes a vital tech-nical problemO
~ idely known-in the prior art are cleaning and/o~
.~
.. .. . . .. . ... . ..
- 1~5$42~
grading machines for free-flowing materials which comprise a frame on which are mounted one or two vertical air channels with an aspirating chambers, a system of flat screens, a drive for vibrating the screens, and screen cleaning devices. In most cases such machines ensure the requisite quality of cleaning and/or grading of free-flowing materials but their output re-ferred to their mass is comparatively low. This should be attributed to the fact that the intensity of separation in these machines is governed mainly by the effect of gravity forces which have a certain value for each kind of mixture of free-flowing materials. Therefore, acceleration of the particles of a free-flowing material during separation does not exceed 9.81 m/s2 which limits the intensity of separation.
Known in the prior art is a cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials, including grain and seeds (see, for example Conoerse's et al U.S. patent no. 3,794,166, dated February 26, 1974, Cl USA 209/301). This machine comprises a housing with a movably mounted screen made in the form of a body of revolution, a drive which imparts a rotary motion and vertical vibration to the screen, a screen cleaner in the form of a body of revolution installed at one side of the screen and pressed by springs against its external surface. Such a machine gives a considerable gain in the output referred to its mass due to the utilization of the centrifugal forces of inertia of the particles of free-flowing materials for in-B
1 ~55424 tensifying the process of separation. However, this machine canincorporate only one screen and thus can separate the free-flowing material only into two fractions; the machine has no air sep-arating channel which prevents the free~flowing material from being cleaned and/or graded by the weight of the particles. In-asmuch as the screen cleaner is installed at only one side of the screen, this fails to ensure the required intensity of cleaning of the screen holes because after the screen has turned through an angle equal to approximately ~ radians, these holes are again heavily clogged with the particles of the separated material which cuts down sharply the output and performance of the machine. The use of only one type of hole cleaner with a smooth surface also reduces considerably the efficiency of the machine because a sizable proportion of the particles of the free-flowing material cannot be forced out of the holes by the cleaner of one type alone. These disadvantages reduce substantially the efficiency of such a machine in, say, agriculture.
There are also other known cleaning and/or grading machines for free-~lowing materials (see, for ex~mple, Goncharov's VSSR Author's Certificate No. 506439, issued Novem~er 21, 1975, Int. Cl. B07 B 1/44). This machine comprises several identical air-and-screen separating units rigidly secured on the frame, a drive for actuating the working elements of the units, and aspirating chambers connected with said units. Each unit :
: . .. ~ :- ,.
1 ~55~2~
consists o~ a hollow housing accommodating a consecutivel~
arranged air-separating device and a vertical rotor~ Mou~ted movably on ~he rotor is a screen drum with several consecuti-vely arranged screens made i~ the form of a body of re~olu-tion. Installed on the upper part of the rotor, coaxiall~
therewith, on bearings i5 a thrower in the form of a trun-cated cone with a smooth surface, drive, by the rotor via a reduction unit. ~he` screen drum ~nd screens are of the in-separable construction, the ~cxeens being rigidly secured on the drum. At one side of the screen drum are installed screen cleaners made in the form of a body of revolution and provided with a bristl~ surface. The cleaners are arti-culated to the unit housing and pressed against the external surface of the screens. For receiving the free-flowing mate-rial each unit incorporates a batching device constituted by a cylindrical pipe with a gate installed thereon. he screens are put i~ vibratory motio~ by crank-type vibratQrs rigidly ~ecured to the frame of the machine. The sc~een dxum with screens rotates arou~d a vertical axis and simultaneously vibrates along the same a~is.
~ he free-~lowing material delivered into the machine is first treated with air for separating the "light'7 particles the~ consecutivel~ by several scraens for separating the material into the required ~umber of fractions. ~ue to ~he effect of the ce~trifugal forces of inertia on the particles of the material being ~ep æ a~ed by the rotating and vibrating 3creens the output and performa~ce of the la~tsr are radical~y 5 _ 1 ~5~24 improved. ~he amount of the material loaded int~ ~he machine can be controlled by ~chan~ing the height of the gap bet~een the gate and the thrower bottom.
r~his machine is favourably distinguished from the other prior art machines by high output and versatility~ for ex~mple, by the possibility of separating the material into more than two fractions and grading it by the weight of par-~icles. Eo~ever~ this machine has substantial disadvantages too.
The fact tha~ the screen drum and screens are inseparable and that the screens ar~ rigidly secured o~ the drum co~plicates considerably the replacement o~ screen~ in case of their wear or when shi~ting over to treatment of another kind of frea--floY~in~ material and reduces su~sta~tially the standardiza-tion of machines which incorporate screen drums-with a diffe-re~t number of screens. The use of only one type of cleaners, e.g. with a bristly surfa~e and installed only at one side of the screen drum constitutes the sam2 disadvantage as that of the oth2r machines. ~he provision ~n the machine of the reduction unit for driving the thrower complicates the design and impairs reliability. The batching device in the form of a cy~indrical pipe with a gate installed thereon fail~ to e~-SU~8 the requisite uniformity of batching of the free-flowing material thus r~d~cing th~ efficienc~ o~ the machine. All these factors taken to~ether complicate the employment of the machine and reduce the degree of ~tandardization of such machines characterized b~ dif~erent output and appll-_, ., . _ . .
1 ~ 55~24cation.
~he main obae~t of the present in~ention resides in a - considerable increase in the efficienc~ of separation of free-flowing materials.
Another object of the present invention resides in stepp~ ng Up the degree of standardization of the cleaning and~or grading machines fox free-flowing materials o~ diffe-rent output and applica~ion~
Still another object of the prese~t invention resides in simplifying substan~ially the replacement of screens ~n service.
An important objec~ of the present inYentiOn resides in simpli~ying the design o~ the cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowi~g materials.
¦ Another important object of the present invention resides is providing a cleaning and/or grading machine ~or ¦ free-flowing materials wherein a modi~ication of the desig~ -of the screen drum, screens, screen hole cleaner~, batching I device and thrower would increase considerably the ef~icienc~
I of the machine and simplify its desig~ and operatio~
I These and other object~ are accomplished b~ providing ¦ a cleaning and/or grading machine for ~ree-flowing material~
I comprising at least one cleaning and/or grading unit v~hose ¦ hollow housing is secured on the frame and accommodates the ! conse~Utivel~ arranged batching device, air-separati~g I channel with a ~ree-flowing material thrower inside, a rotox !
.. ,. , .. . .... .. _ _ _ __ ,,.~ __ .
i with a screen)drum whose upper part houses a material dis-tributor 9 screen cleaners installed at the external side of the drum in direct co~tact Y~ith said external sur~ace, and a drive ~astened on the frame and imparting to the drum a rotar~ and, simultaneously, vibratory motion, each unit being connected with an aspirating chamber wherein, accord-ing to the invention, the screen drum is o~ a built-up cons-truction consisting of several consecutively arr~nged sec-~ions, each section comprising a screen i~ the ~orm of a body of revolution secured on supporting rings, wherein all the sectio~s are interco~nected by the tie rods e~tend-ing through the supporting rings and wherein ~he screen cleaners are installed opposite to each other rela~ive to ths rotation axis of the dxum.
This l~yout of the machine increases considerably ! the effectiveness of separation of the free-flowing material and simul~aneously improves st~nd~rdization o~ such machine~
Of di~fere~t output and applicatio~.
It is practicable that the screen should be of a sepa-rable construction, consisting o~ several sections along its generating surface.
This design of the screen simpli~ies considerabl~ its replacement in the machin~.
The joints between the separable section~ of the screen should be enclosed in hollo~ straps whose ~al~s ~ill serve as stiffener ribs o~ the screen-This ensures the requisite sealing of the screen joints '~ ~
1 ~5542~
and at the same time raises their sti~ness in a radial di-rection.
It is practicable ~hat the screens should be provided with cleaners having smooth and bristly sur~aces.
This will ensure a much more efficient cleaning of the scree~ holes from various particles of the material being separated.
The screen ho~es cleaner should be made in the form of a body of revolution , its shaft should be secured on a lever one end of which should be connected by a joint with the unit body~ the other end with a damper 2nd the cleaners should be pressed against the external surface of the screen drum by a spring.
This will improve considerably the stability o~ clean-er pressing against the screen thereby intensifying the clean-ing of the hole.
The damper should be made in the orm of a friction pai~ one element of which has the form of a cylinder and is movably linked wlth the unit body while the other element has the form of a current plate ri~idly co~nocted w~th the other end of the lever; the co~vex side of the curved plate should bs in contact with the cylinder and the centre of curvature of its surface should coincide with the centre of the joint.
This ~ill simplify the de~ign of the damper and ex~end its service life.
The distributor should be made in the or~ of a trun-1 ~5542~L
cated cone whose larger base points upward~
This will ensure a higher uniformity o~ supply of ~hematerial being separated onto the surface o~ the scree~.
~ he internal surface o~ the screen drum around the distri~utor should be provided with longitudinal ribs in the form o~ plates.
~ his will prevent tangential slipping of the material over the screen surface and ~nsure a more u~i~orm distribution of the material over the perimeter o~ the screen (along the line of its normal scction).
~ he batching device consists of an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe rigidly connected to each other with their longi-tudinal axes intersecting at an angle approximately equal to /2 and ths o~tlet pipe accommodates an adausting valYe.
This ensures uniform batching o~ the ~ree-flowing mate-rial thus improving the quality o~` separatio~.
The thrower o~ the lree ~lowing material is made o~ a guide cone rigidly connected to a throwing cone, the apices of both cones pointin~ in opposite directions and the guide cone being arranged coa~ially inside the throwing cone whose inter~al surface matches with the external sur~ace o~ the guide cone b~ a toroidal sur~ace; rigidl~ connected to these sur~aces are plate-like vanes whose height is considerably smaller th~n that o~ the throwing cone.
~ his ensures the required speed of delivery o~ the free-flowing ~aterial into the air-separating channel and ~ 10 -.. . . .
1 15542~
simpli~'ies th~ design of the machine due to the reduction unit ~rom the thrower drive.
Now the inven-~ion will be explained by way of examples with re~erénce to the accompanying dra~ing, in which:
Fig. 1 is a ~tructural diagram o~ the cleaning and~or ~rading machine for free-flowi~g materia~s a~cording to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the rotor of the cleaning and/or grading unit o~-the cleaning and/ox grading machine ~or free-flowing materials according to the inven-tion;
~ ig. 3 is a cross section of the cleaning andJor gra-ding unit of the cleanin~ and~or grading machine ~or ~ree~
~lo~ing materials according to the inven~ion;
Fig. 4 is a section through the screën drum mounting hinge on the rotor of the cleaning and/or grading unit according to the invention;
~ ig. 5 is a structura~ diagxam o~ the screen c~eaner and its ~astening to the body of the c~eaning and/or grading unit according to the invention;
Fig. 6 ~s a section thxough khe batching device o~ the clean~ng and~or grading unit according to the invention~
~ ig. 7 is a section through the material ~hxower accord-ing to the inven~ion;
~ ig. 8 is a top ~iew of the material thrower accoxding to the invention.
... . .. . . .
' 11~54~
The cleaning and/or grading machine for free-f~owing materials comprises, for examp~e, two cleaning and/or grading units 1 (Fig, 1) installed on a common f~ame 2 and communica ted with an aspirating chamber 3. Mounted on the ~rame 2 are the drives ~ o~ the units 1. ~he machine according to the i~vention may also be provided for example with only one unit 1 which design will be dea~ with in detail below~
~ ach clea~in~ and/or grading unit 1 compxises a hollow housing 5 mounted on a ~rame 2. ~he housing ~ accommodates a circular air-separating channel 6 and a thrower 7 intended to deliver the ~ree-flowing material into the circular channel 6. ~ocated under the separating channel 6 is a roto~ 8 (Figs 1~2,~) with a screen drum 9~ Drum cleaners iO and 11 are installed on the housing 5 (Figs 1,3) at the e~ternal surface of the drum 9 in direct contact with the latter.
In the upper part of the housing 5 (Fig. 1~ is installed a ~atching device 12 which delivers the ~ree-f~owing material o~to the thrower 7.
~ he walls of the housi~g 5 are provided ~ith holes 13 admitting air in~o the channel 6 and with outlet channels 14,15,16,17 and hatches 18~ The housing 5 has an outlet 19 into the aspirating chamber 3. ~he outlet channels 14 and 15 of each unit are interconnected by collectors 20 and 21.
~ he aspirating chamber 3 has i~let channels 22 with valves ~3; it also has an outlet channel 24 with a valve 25 and a channel 26.
:
~ 12 -1:~55424 ~ he rotor 8 (Fig. 1) is installed on th~ housing 5 on bearings 27 and 2~. ~he bearing 27 is connected ~ith the housing 5 by a cone 29 which delivers the free-fLowing ma-terial to the rotor 8.
~ he rotor 8 (Figs 1,2) has an upper sha~t 30 rigidly connected with a plate 31, and a hollow lower shaft 32 ri-gidly.connected with a plata.33. ~he plates 31 and 33 are rigidly interconnected by three supports 34.
The screen drum 9 is secured on the rotor 8 ~Figs 1,2,3) by means of kangers 35 provided with hinges 36. The hangers 35 are arranged in threes in the upper and lower par~s of the screen drum and transmit the rotary movement from the rotor 8 to the screen drum 9, simultaneously parmitting the screen drum 9 to reciprocate (vibrate) in a ~ertical directio~.
The screen drum 9 (Figs 1~2,3) is of a built-up cons-truction consisting for e~ample of two consecutively arr~nged identical sections 37 and a section 389 each of thesQ sec-~ions comprising a screen 39 having the shape of a body of re-volu~ion, e.g. cylindrical. I~ is expedient that the scxeen 39 (Fig~ 2) sh~u~d be secured o~ supporting rings 40 and 41 i~ the section 38 and on supporting rings 41 in the section 37~
~ he suppor~ing rin~ 41 (Fig. ~) can be made, ~or example, of a strong and light material and comprise two concentricaLl~ arrange~ rims 42 and 43 interconnected b~
ribs 44. ~he inner rim 43 should have three equidistant through holes 45 (Fig~ 2, 3). The ring 40 (Fig. 2) can be made of the same material and, similarl~ to the ring 41, have equidistant holes 46.
~ here should be hollow spacer posts 47 installed between ths rings 40 and 41 (Figo 2) of the section 38 and bet~een the rings 41 o~ the section 37 opposite the holes 46 and 45 respectively~
Installed between the sections 37 and 38 opposi~e the holes 45 of the supporting rings 41 are the hinges 36 of the hangers 75 while located betw~en the sections 37 is a crosspiece 48 (~igs 1~293) so tha~ its ho~es 49 (Fig. 2) coincida with the holes ~5 in the supporting rings ~1. In the lower part o~ the screen drum 9 there also are the hinges 36 of the hangers 35 installed opposite the holes ~5 of ~he supporting ring 41. ~he sections 37 and 38 as well as the hinges 36 and the crosspiece 48 ~re held together b~ the e~uidistant tie rods 50 passin~ throu~h the holes 46 o~ the ring 40, the holes 45 of the rings 41, the.hinges 36 a~d the holes 4~ c~ the crosspiece 4~. .
This design of the screen drum 9 makes it possible to manufacture the screen drums from standardized sections 37 and 38 with a di~f2rent number o~ scr~ens in the c~eaning and~or grading machines for free-flowing materia~s o~ di~fe-rent output and applicatio~s. ~his ens~res a high structural standardization of these machines, thus r~ducing their manu-~acturIng and operating C08tS.
. ~he hangers 35 (Fig~ 1,2,3~) have the form of a rod with rings 51 (Fig. 4) a~ both ends. ~hese rings receive at ~ 14 -. . . . . .. .
~ ~55424 both sides sleeves 52 of a flexible and wear-resista~t materia~, e.g. rubber or ~lexible pol~urethane. Installed in-side the sleeves 52 are steel sleeves 5~ which accommoda~e a tie rod 50 at one end of the h~nger 35 (~ig. 2) and a post 54 a~ the other end, this post 54 being rigidly connected wit~ the rotor 8. This design ol the hangers 36 renders them highly dependable for the required kinematics of the s~reen drum 9.
Vanes 55 and 56 are rigidly attached to the rotor 8 (Fig. 1) a~d v~nes 57 and 58 (Figs 1a2)~ to the screen drum 9. ~hese vane~ are intended to unload the fractions o~ the ~aterial to be separated from the unit 1 ~Fig. 1).
Seals 59 ~ade of a ~exible material, e.g. rubber, are installed between the rings 41 (Fig. 2) i~ the joint between the sections 37 and 38.
The screen 39 (Figs 2,3) is ~ade separable along the generating line "A" (~ig. 2) o~ its sur~ace, being divided, ~or exa~p~e, into two identical parts I and II (Fig. ~)~
This design of the screen 39 simplifies considerably its rep~a-cement in the screen drum (Figs 1,2,~).
In the disclosed machine the screen 39 may be made separable into a larger number o~ parts1 for e~ample into three or four parts, depending on the screen diameter.
Each section ~7 and 38 (~ig. 2) should be provided with hollow straps 60 (~igs 2,3) secured rigid~y to th~
rings 40 and 41. The number of the straps 60 should be equal _, . . ~
, 1 15542~
to the number o~ the separable parts of the screen 39, e.g.
I and II~ ~he j~inting portions 61 (~ig. 3) of the parts I
and II o~ the screens ~9 should be located bet~een the~lls 60I and 60II o~ the hollow straps 60. The walls 60I a~d 60 serve simu~taneousl~ as the radial stiffener ribs of the parts I and II o~ the screens 39~
~ his e~sures sealing of the parts I and II oX the screen 39 at the joints along the generating lino 'IA" (Figo2) and egtends considerably its seFvice li~e due to a higher stiffness in a radial direction.
~ he parts I and II (~ig. ~) o~ the screen 39 are held more reliably on the supporting rings ~0 and 41 (Fig~ 2) and in the hollow straps (Figs 2, 3) by clamps 62.
Each of the screens 39 (Figs 2~ 3) is cleaned b~ the jointly installed bWO cloaners 10 and 11 (Figs 1, 3) arranged opposite each other rela~ive to the rotation axis 6~ (~igs 1, 2) o~ the screen drum 9. O~e o~ the cleaners, ~or example 10 ( Figs 1, 3), has a smooth sur~ace and the othe.r one 11, a bristly surface. ~he number of the clea~ers o~ t~pes 10 and 11 may be greater~ for e~ample ~our~ depe~ding on the.
diameter o~ the screen 39. ~he cleaners 10 and 11 must be made in the lor~ of a bod~ o~ revo~ution whose shaft 54 ~Fig. 5) ls installed in a bearing 65 on a lever 66. One e~d 66" o~ the lever 66 is connected b~ a joi~t 67 an~ support 68 with a plate 69 rigidl~ secured on the housing 5. ~he other end 66' o~ the lever 66 .is connected to a damper 70.
~he damper 70 suppxesses the ~orced vibrations o~ the clea~
.
.. . . . . . . .....
1~$542 ners 10 and 11 ari~ing during rotatio~ of the screen drum 9 ~Figs 112,3).
~ he damper 70 (Fig. 5) can be, for example, of a friction type consistIng of two elements 71 and 72~ It is expedient that ~he element 71 should be made cylindrical in shape and connected by a post 73 and a hinge 74 v~ith the plate 69. ~he element 71 is made o~ anti-friction material, say, fluorinated plastic~ etc.
~ he element 72 has the form of a curved plate of a hard v7ear-resistant material and is rigidly connected with the end 66~ o~ the lever 66. ~he convex side 75 of the ele-~-ent 72 should contact the elem~nt 71 a~d the centre "0"' o~
curvature (radius of curvature t~l) of the sur~ace 75 should coincide with the centre "0" of the hinge 67. ~he suxface of the convex side 75 of the element 72 is smooth.
The elements 71 and 7~ are pressed against each o~her by a spring 76 which at the same time presses the cleaners 10 a~d 11 against the surface o~ the screens 39 (~igs 2,3,5) of the screen drum 9 (~igs 1,2,3) through ~ post 7? rigidly connected with the lever 66. ~he friction type of the damper 70 (Fig. 5) en~ures simplicity of its design and high opera-tional dependability.
The damper in the disclosed machine may a~so be hydrau-lic or ma~netoelectricl depending on the abrasive and mag~e-tic properties o~ the ~ree-~lowing material being separated.
The smooth cleaners 10 (Figs 1,~,5) may be made as, . - 1 1 1554~
sa~ t discs 78 (Figo 5~ slipped on the sha~t 64. It is ex-pedien~ that these discs should be made from a wear-resistant material?
It is practicable that the brist~y cleaners 11 ~Figs 1~ 3) should be in the ~orm of discs 79 (~ig~ 3) with resi-lient brist~es 80 secured thereto. ~he brist~es are made of, say, wear-resista~t synthetic materia~s.
~ he distributor 81 (~igs 1, 2) is rigid~y connected wi~h the sha~t 30 o~ the rotor 8 and is made in the ~orm o~
a truncated cone whose larger base 82 poirl~s upward.
~ igidly secured o~ ~he internal sur~ace o~ the screen dru~ 9, ~or e~ample on the ri~g 40 (Fig.2) around the distri-butor 81 are longitudinal ribs 83 (~igs 1, 2) in the form of plates. This design of the distributor 81 and the provision o~ the ribs 83 ensure uni~orm delivery and distribution of the free-f~owing material in the scre~n drum 9 (Figs 1,2,3).
~ he batching de~ice 1~ (Figs 196) consists o~ an in~et.
pipe 84 (Fig, 6) and an outlet pipe 85. The longitudinal axes 86`and 87 of the inlet pipe 84 and outlet pipe 85 intersect at an angl~ which is approximately equal to J~/2.
Installed inside the outlet pipe 85 is an adjustin~ valve 88 secured by a hinge 8~ to the pipe 85 which permi-t~ chan-ging the size of the gap "a". 0~ top, the out~et pipe 85 is closed with a cover 90 which can be made remoYable.
The thrower 7 ~igs 1,7,8) comprises a guide cone 91 rigidly connected to a thrower cone 92 (Fig~ 7). ~he cone - 18 ~ .
1 ~55~24 91 is arra~ged coaxially i~side the cone 92 and the cone apices point in opposite directîons.~he internal surface of the thrower cone 92 matches with the external surface of the guide cone 91 by a toroidal surface 93. Rigidly secured to these surfaces are plate-like vanes 94 (Figs 7~8) which can be arranged; for example, radially with rela-~ion to the centre ~5 (~ig~ 8) o~ the base 96 (~ig. 7) o~
the thrower 7 (Figs 1,7,8). ~he height h o~ the plate~like vanes 94 is considerabl~ smaller than the height E of the thrower cone 92. ~he base 96 of the thrower 7 is rigidly connected with the upper shaft ~0 (Figs 1~,3,7) o~ the rotor 8 (Figs 1,2).
Xotary motion is imparted to the rotor 8 o~ each unit 1 (Fig. 1) by an electric motor 97 with a pulley 98 installed on the frame; the pulley is connected by a belt transmission 99 with a pu~ley 100 rigidly secured on the rotor 8.
~ ibratory motion along the axis 63 is imparted to the scree~ drum 9 (~ig~ 1) by a vibrator 101 installed on ~he frame 2 and ~rovided with a cra~ shaft 102 connected with an electric motor 103. The crank 104 of the shaft 102 is linked movabl~ with a rod 105 (Figs 192)`which is connected with the crosspiece 48 by a spherical bearing 106.
~ o relieve the crank shaft 102 (Fig. 1) of the weight of the scree~ drum 9, the crosspiece 48 is connected b~ a spring 107 with the shaft 30 (Figs 1,2) of the ro~or 8. In this way the weight of the screen drum 9 is applied to the .. . . . .
~ ~5~24 rotor 8, Should it become ~ecessary to reduce the rated outpu-t of the machine according to tn~ inven~ion, it may be used with, say 3 only one unit 1 (Fig. 1). In this case the number of drives 4 will be correspondingly reduced, the dimensions o~ the ~rame will diminish proportionally and the aspirating chamber 3 wil~ be made with a corresponding~y smaller num-ber o~` ch~nnels 22 and valves 23. '~he collectors 20 ~nd 21 are eliminated altogether.
The c~ea~ing and/or ~rading machine for free-~lowing materials realized according to the prese~t invention func-tions as follows. As the electric motor 97 (~ig. 13 is switched ont ~he rotor 8 is set in rotation via the belt transmission 99. Simultaneously, the rotary motion is transmitted via the hangers 35 (~igs 1,293) from the rotor 8 to the screen drum 9. The cleaners 10 and 11 (Fi~s 1,33 pxessed ~gainst the screens 39 (Fi~s 2~) of the scree~ drum 9 (Figs 1,2) also start rotating due to the effect of the forces of friction.
As the electric motor 103 (Fig. 1) is turned on, the crank shaft 102 of the vibrator 101 also starts rotating so th~t thè rod 105 imparts ~ia crosspiece 48 vibrator~
(reciproca~ing) motion to the scree~ drum 9 (~igs 17 2) along the axis 63.
~ he free-flowi~g ma~erial to be separated e~ter~ at a certain velocity into the i~let pipe 84 ~Fig. 6) of the batching device 12 (Fig~ 1; 6) of each uni-t 1 (~ig~
-- ~0 --~1 15542~
Inasmuch as the batching device is realiæed in accordance with the present invention, the stream of the free-~loY~ing material is directed by the inlet pipe 84 into the outlet pipe 85 at an almost straight angle to the surface of the adjusting valve 88 and this reduces sharply -the velocity of the stream of the material being separated. Fr~m the outlet ~ipe 85 the material emerges at an almost constant speed which depends but very little on the velocit~ with which the material has entered the pipe 84. r~he amount of the material is batched by changing the size o~ the gap "a`' which is achieved b~ turning valve 88 in the hinge 89~
~his ensures uniform batching o~ the free-~lowing material when the disclosed machine is used under various conditions which improve~ considerably the ef~iciency o~ the machine.
~ rom the outl~t pipe 85 (Fig. 6) the material being separated ~alls in a metered stream on the guide co~e 91 (Fig. ?)` of the thrower 7 (Figs 1,7,8). ~his cone delivers the material uni~ormly to the vanes 94 (Figs 798) while the toroidal sur~ace 93 (~ig. 7) ~eeds it ~reel~ onto ~he inner surfàce o~ the thrower co~e 92. ~he ~anes 94 accelerate sharply the moYement of the material and deliver it in u~i~orm streams to the upper part (H - h) of the thrower cone 92. On this portion of the smooth surface of the cone 92 individual streams of the material merge into a solid ~low which is then introduced at the required speed into the circu~ar air sepa-rating cha~nel 6 (~ig. 1). ~his design o~ the thrower 7 _ 21 -1 ~55~24 (~ig~ 1~778) attains two effects simultaneously9i~e imparts the required velocity to the material being separated and distributes it uni~ormly in the separating cha~nel 6.
A ~an installed, for example, ou-tside of the disclosed machine, builds up a stream of air ~lowing through the holes 13 (Fig. 1), circular channel 6, outlet 19, chan~el 22, aspi-rating chamber 3, channel 26, and thence,/through an addi~i-onal air duct9 to the fan. The material distributed by the thrower 7 in the circular channe~ 6 is blown by the air stream which separa~es "light" particles ~rom said material and carries them into the aspiratin~ chamber 3 from where they are unloaded into the channel 2~ and are conducted through the valve 25 into the connector 20.
~ he velocity of the air flow in the cix~ular channel 6 is co~trolled by the valve 230 The material treated with air is directed b~ the cone 29 onto the distributor 81 rotating join~ly with the rotor 8.
Due to th~ design o~ the distributor 81 according to the present invention the free-flowin~ material slides over its internal surface radially and tangentially and i~ thus uni-~ormly distributed over the internal sur~ace of the ri~g 40 (~ig. 2) which is proYia~d with xibs 83 ~Figs 1, 2)~ ~h~
ribs 83 catch equal portions o~ the ~ree-~lowing material and rotate them at a speed equal to the rotation speed o~ the scxeen drum 9. At the same time the ribs 83 pre~en~ said portions of the material from sliding tangentially over the - 22 ~
-1 155~2~
internal surface of the ring 40 (~ig. 2). Al~ these ~actors ensure unifQrm distribution o~ the material along the peri-meter S (Fig. 3) of the screens 39 (Figs 2, ~) which is vital for highly efficient performance of the screens 39-~his increases the output and the performance o~ the screens 3~.
Joint rotation of the material with the screen drum 9 (~ig. 2) creates a centrifugal force of inertia which pres~
ses the material against the i~ternal surface of each screen 39 wh; le the vibrator~ motion of these screens join~ly with the screen drum 9 creates an additional force of inertia which interacts with the weight of the particles and ensures the progressive downward motion of the material o~er the surface of the screens 39. ~aken together, all these fac tors ensure intensive shifting, for example, of the smallest particles by the upper screen 39 (Fig. 2), of larger particles-by the middle screen 39 and of still larger particles, b~ the lo~e~ screen 39. Each fraction of the free-flowing material i~ unloaded, respectivel~ bg the rotating vanes 58957,56 ~Figs 1,2) into the outlet channels 14,15~16 (Fig. 1).
~ he largest particles of the material being separated ~ann ~rom the lower screen 39 and are unloaded by tho va~es 55 into the outlet chan~el 17~ In this manner the source mixture of the free-flowing material is divided into the required ~umber of fractions which is an import~t advan~r tage of the disclosed machine as compared with the prior art 1 ~5S424 machines.
~ he hollow straps 60 (Figs 2, 3) preven-t the material f~om falling through at the aoining zones 61 (Fig. 3) of the par~S I and II of the screens 39 which rules out the possi-bility of contami~ation of the produced fractions of the free-flowing material thereby improving the operational st~ndard of the machine according to the inventionO
As the free-flowing material ~s being sifted through the screens 39 (Figs 2, 3), their holes are intensively clogged with the particles of ~he material. ~he cleaners 10 and 11 (Figs 1, 3) force these particles out of the holes.
~he fact that the cleaners 10 and 11 are set opposite to each other relative to the rotation axis 63 (Figs 1, 2) of the screen drum 9 (Figs 1,2,3) according to the invention~
ensures a more intensive cleaning of the holes in the screens 39 (Figs 2, 3) than can be obtained in the pre~iously known ~achines wherein the cleaners of the type 10 or 11 are in-stalled a~ one side of the s¢reen drum. ~his likewise leads to a substantial improvement of performance of the screens 39.
~ he use of the cleaners with a smooth surface 10 (Figs 1~ 3) join-tly with the cleaners wi-th a bristly surface 11 in the machine according to the prese~t invention a~so im-proves the cleaning of the holes in the screens 39 (Figs 1,2,3) because the smooth cleaners 10 characterized bg sufficient stiffness are more efficien~ in freeing the screen holes from the fir~y stuck particles which mainlg ., , , ., . . . . ,, , ., .. .... , . . .. .. , . . ... , I
~ :~55~24 stand out abo~e the external sur~ace of the scree~s 39. 'rhe cleaners 11 (Figs 1, 3) with ~le~ible bristles 80 (Fig. 80) are more efficient in forcing out the particles that are embedded deep in the screen holes~ Just the join~ utiliza-tion of the cleaners 10 and 11 ensures a b~ far ~ore effecti~e cleaning o~ the holes than their separate employmen-t; t~i~
additiona~l~ raises the output ana per~ormance of the machine according to the present invention.
~ s the cleaners 10 and 11 (Fig. 3) roll over the sur-face o~ the screens ~9, they break contact with these screens periodically due to a number o~ factor8 acting on the cleaners 10, 11 such as, ~or example, the action of the particles standing out o~ the holes. This motion o~ the cleaners 10 and 11 reduces the intensity of hole c~eaning. ~he nega-'iv~ e ~ect o~ thi6 phenomenon is considerably limited by connecting the cleaners 10 a~d 11 with a friction damper 70 (~ig. 5). ~Yhen the cleaner 10 or 11 (Figs 39 5) breaks o~f ~rom the screen 39g the element 72 (Fig~ 5) of the damper 70 is displaced relative to the eleme~t 71 so that a considerable proportion o~ the kinetic energy of the cleaner 10 or 11 is spent for doing work by the forces of friction originated by the contact between the elements 71 and 72. The curved-plate shape o~ the element 72 whose centre of curvature "0 "' coincides with the centre i.o~. o~ the hinge 67 and the c~lindrical shape of the element 71 ensure s~ooth moveme~-t (sliding) of the element 71 withou~ scoring and wedging over __ . ~ __., . __ _ . _ ._ _ _.. ~. .. _ .. ... ,.. _ _._. _ . .. _ _ . __.. _ .. _ .. _ ._ . _.. ... _.. _ . _ .. _ - .. _.. .. __. _~ .r.--.. .- - - . - - .--.. .... -:
1 ~5~24 -the co~eæ surface 75 of the element 72. This increases considerabl~ the reliabi~ity of the damper 70 ~nd the stan-dard of cleaning of the screens 39 by the cleaners 10 and 1'1 (~igs 19 3).
In this ty,oe of cleaning and/or grading machines for free-~lowing materials it is essential that th~ screens should be efficientl~ cleaned easily removable and stan-dardized.It is just due to the ~act that the screen ~rum 9 (~'igs 1, 2) is built up of several sections 37 a~d 38, that the screens 39 are of the ~eparable construction consist-ing for e~ample of two parts I and II a~ong the generating surface and that the ~creen cleaners 10 ana 11 are installed opposite each other according to the invention, the machine acquires the basic advantage, that of a considerably higher efficiency ~nd a high degree of stanaardization. Besides, the joint employment of the smooth and bristl~ cleaners 10 and 11 and their joining with the friction damper 70 reali-zed according to the inven*ion i~pxo~es sti~l more the efficiency of the machine due to a more intensive cleani~g of the screen holes~ In addition to this ef~ect, the uni~orm deliver~ of the material onto the screens 39 due to the provision of the distributor 81 and ribs 83 according to the invention improves considerably the e~iciency o~ the disclosed machine.
Besides, the e~ficienc~ of the disclosed machine is increased due to the design o~ the batching device 12 ~ s 1 ~5542~
19 6) according to the invention which ensures uniform batch-ing of the free-flowing materials thereby improving their separation. ~he quality of separati~on of the free-flowing materials is also improved because the-:thrower 7 (~igs 1~7,8) realized according to the invention impart~ an optimum velo-cit~ to the material and distributes it uniforml~in the separating channel 5 (~ig. 1).
- ~7 . .
Claims (10)
1. A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials comprising at least one cleaning and/or grading unit; a frame mounting said unit; an aspirating chamber connected with the outlet of said unit; said unit comprises a hollow housing; a batching device located in the upper part of said housing; a thrower of the free-flowing mate-rial located below said batching device inside of said hollow housing; an air separating channel formed by said hol-low housing and said thrower; a rotor installed in said housing; a screen drum secured on said rotor with a provi-3 for moving relative thereto; a distributor of the free -flowing material installed in the upper part of said screen drum and secured on said rotor; said screen drum is built up of several consecutively arranged sections, each consisting of a screen in the form of a body of revolution, and support-ing rings on which said screen is mounted; tie rods extending through said supporting rings of all said sections thus connec-ting them to one another; hole cleaners of said screen, in-stalled at the external side of said drum; a drive secured on said frame, connected with said screen drum and setting it simultaneously in rotary and vibratory motions.
2. A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials according to Claim 1 wherein said screen is of a separable construction and consists of several parts arra-ged along its generating surface.
3. A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials according to Claim 2 wherein the jointing portions of said separable parts of said screens are enclosed in hollow straps whose walls serve as stiffener ribs of said screen.
4. A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials according to Claim 1 comprising jointly installed cleaners of the screen holes, said cleaners having smooth and bristly surfaces,
5. A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials according to Claim 4 wherein each of said cleaners comprises a means for cleaning the holes of said screen, said means being made in the form of a body of revolution and pressed against the external surface of said screen by a spring; a shaft carrying said means; a lever on which said shaft is movably secured and one end of which is lin-ked by a hinge with said hollow-housing; a damper connected to the other end of said lever.
6. A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials according to Claim 5 wherein said damper is.
a friction pair consisting of two elements; one of said elements has the shape of a cylinder and is linked movably with said hollow housing; the second said element has the shape of a curved plates rigidly connected with the other end of said lever; the convex side of said curved plate contacts with said cylinder and the centre of curvature of the surface of said curved plate coincides with the centre of said hinge,
a friction pair consisting of two elements; one of said elements has the shape of a cylinder and is linked movably with said hollow housing; the second said element has the shape of a curved plates rigidly connected with the other end of said lever; the convex side of said curved plate contacts with said cylinder and the centre of curvature of the surface of said curved plate coincides with the centre of said hinge,
7. A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials according to Claim 1 wherein the internal surface of said screen drum around said distributor is provided with longitudinal ribs in the form of plates
8. A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials according to Claim 7 wherein said distributor is made in the form of a truncated cone whose larger base points upward.
9. A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials according to Claim 1 wherein said batching device comprises an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe rigidly intercon-nected with each other so that the longitudinal axes of said pipes intersect at an angle approximately equal to ?/2, and an adjusting valve installed inside of said outlet pipe.
10. A cleaning and/or grading machine for free-flowing materials according to Claim 1 wherein said thrower of the free-flowing material comprises a guide cone and a thrower cone, wherein said guide cone is arranged coaxially inside of said thrower cone, the apices of said cones point in oppo-site directions and the internal surface of said thrower cone matches with the external surface of said guide cone by a toroidal surface. Said surfaces being provided with ri-gidly connected plate-like vanes and the height of these vanes is considerably smaller than the height of said thrower cone.
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU782688556A SU887036A1 (en) | 1978-11-28 | 1978-11-28 | Drum-type screen hole cleaner |
| SU2688556 | 1978-11-28 | ||
| SU2688555 | 1978-11-28 | ||
| SU782688555A SU882662A1 (en) | 1978-11-28 | 1978-11-28 | Machine for cleaning and sorting seeds |
| SU2691451 | 1978-12-14 | ||
| SU782691452A SU889142A1 (en) | 1978-12-14 | 1978-12-14 | Grain cleaning machine |
| SU2691452 | 1978-12-14 | ||
| SU2691453 | 1978-12-14 | ||
| SU782691453A SU976539A1 (en) | 1978-12-14 | 1978-12-14 | Grain cleaning machine |
| SU2691451 | 1978-12-14 | ||
| SU2688554 | 1979-11-28 | ||
| SU2688554 | 1979-11-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1155424A true CA1155424A (en) | 1983-10-18 |
Family
ID=27555338
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000338731A Expired CA1155424A (en) | 1978-11-28 | 1979-10-30 | Aspirated vertical axis rotating drum sifter with vibratory and rolling contact clearers |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1155424A (en) |
-
1979
- 1979-10-30 CA CA000338731A patent/CA1155424A/en not_active Expired
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