CA1154860A - Method of locating a fault in a pressure pipe system from the coincidence of at least two sets of possible points - Google Patents
Method of locating a fault in a pressure pipe system from the coincidence of at least two sets of possible pointsInfo
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- CA1154860A CA1154860A CA000355950A CA355950A CA1154860A CA 1154860 A CA1154860 A CA 1154860A CA 000355950 A CA000355950 A CA 000355950A CA 355950 A CA355950 A CA 355950A CA 1154860 A CA1154860 A CA 1154860A
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Abstract
METHOD OF LOCATING A FAULT IN A PRESSURE PIPE
SYSTEM
Abstract of the Disclosure A method of locating a fault in a pressure pipe system consists in that there are provided in at least three test points of the system, pick-ups responsive to the action of a pressure drop wave developed in the point of the leak and propagated along the product being trans-ferred, the test points being spaced from one another by maximum distances measured along the pipelines, such that with a specified valu of minimum leakage the pressure drop wave developed in some test point has an amplitude, in two test points nearest thereto, sufficient for opera-tion of the pick-ups disposed in the tow test points, and response times of three pick-ups adjacent the fault which the pressure drop wave will reach first are recorded.
Further, three sets of possible points of the fault are determined from the difference between the response times of the first and the second, of the first and the third, of the second and the third of said three pick-ups, res-pectively, and the fault is located by coincidence of one of the possible leaks in one of the sets with one of the possible leaks in at least one of the two remaining sets.
SYSTEM
Abstract of the Disclosure A method of locating a fault in a pressure pipe system consists in that there are provided in at least three test points of the system, pick-ups responsive to the action of a pressure drop wave developed in the point of the leak and propagated along the product being trans-ferred, the test points being spaced from one another by maximum distances measured along the pipelines, such that with a specified valu of minimum leakage the pressure drop wave developed in some test point has an amplitude, in two test points nearest thereto, sufficient for opera-tion of the pick-ups disposed in the tow test points, and response times of three pick-ups adjacent the fault which the pressure drop wave will reach first are recorded.
Further, three sets of possible points of the fault are determined from the difference between the response times of the first and the second, of the first and the third, of the second and the third of said three pick-ups, res-pectively, and the fault is located by coincidence of one of the possible leaks in one of the sets with one of the possible leaks in at least one of the two remaining sets.
Description
86~
METHOD 0~ ~OCATING A F~ULT I~ ~ PRESSURE PIPE
SYSTEM ;~
~ield o~ the In~ention Th~ pre~ent invention is concerned wlth pipeline ~uper7i~ion technique~9 and more specifically with methods of locating a ~ault in a pressure pipo ~ystem~ ;
Background of the I~ve~tion In one known method ~cf. U~S~Rr Inventor'~ Cer~
ficate No~ 380909 publi~hed in 1473) a fault in the pipe Qy3tem is located b~ measuring9 on the surface of the pipeline route, acou~tic ~ave~ produced in the point o~
the leak and propagating through the ground. In Rccordance with thi~ known mothod, two ~tanding wa~e maxima of equal amplitude, being adjacent to one another, if po3~ible, are detected on the ground surfaoe above the leaky pipeline, a~d the coordinate~ of the leak are calculated by halvi~g the di~tance between the t~o mQxima.
The above method does not make it po~iblo to locate a ~ault in the pipeline in the daytime~ on a~count of noise induced by traffic And by YariOUS indu~trial plant~;
on the other hand9 in c~e the method i~ employed for locating a fault in comple~ branched pipe ~y~tem~, even in relatively noi~e-~ree condition3, the proc~ of fauIt lo¢ation tend~ to be ~ery time-consuming~ 3ince the route of the pipeline ha~ to be determined7 ~ollowed by the scanning o~ the route ~ith a t~ter.
l~Sq~
-- 2 ~
Al~o known in the prior ~rt i~ a method o~ locating a fault in a pipelin~ (c~. U.SO Patent No. 3.691.819 publ.
in 1972~ based likewise on measuring ~ound wave~ but dif-ferent from the previou~ly de~cribed method in that the mea~uring ~et i~ inserted into the pipeline wnere it i~
displaced by force of tha produet being tranæferred along the pipeline. This method generally invol~e interruption in the product transfer along the pipeline ~or ln~ertion there into of the mea~uring et, which present~ certain di~ficultie~ when operating a branched circular pipe system.
I~ another known method of locating a fault i~,pre~-sure pipelines (c~. U.S.S,R. Inventor's Certificate ~o. ~27.425 publ, in 1972), there are provided ~t the end~
of the pipeline to be checked pick-up~ respon3ive to pres-~ure fluctuations of the product trans~erred, in the audio frequency range, the fluctuation being due to vibration o~
the jet e~c~ping through the pipeline leakg and the fault i~ located by measuring the phase difference between the fluctuations ~en~ed.
The implementatio~ of thi~ method nece~itQtes a com-munication channel between the pick-ups and the mea~uring set, and due t~ inadequate accuracy vf determining the pha~e ~hift angle, it bring~ about a con~iderable error in fault location, while the application o~ the method to complex branched ~y~tem~ add~ to the camplexity o* the equipment employed for implementlng ~he method~
.: ... .. ,: :
~ - ;
~4 There i~ Ql~O known ~ method of locating Q fault i~
a pipeline avoiding the use of a ~pecial com~unication channel, wherein the latter i~ 7eplaced by the action o~
the fluid pumped along the pipeline, the in~ormation being carried by ~n artificial di~turbance wave developed by an electromagnetic valve appropriately ~paeed from the measur-ing set. (c~. a paper by A.B.Sturmin et Q~ Automatic f~ult location in pipeline~ without using a ~pecial communication channel" in "Water Supply and Sewer System Desi~n" publi~h-ed by CINIS o~ Gos~troy of the U.S.S~R.~ ser.IV, i~ue
METHOD 0~ ~OCATING A F~ULT I~ ~ PRESSURE PIPE
SYSTEM ;~
~ield o~ the In~ention Th~ pre~ent invention is concerned wlth pipeline ~uper7i~ion technique~9 and more specifically with methods of locating a ~ault in a pressure pipo ~ystem~ ;
Background of the I~ve~tion In one known method ~cf. U~S~Rr Inventor'~ Cer~
ficate No~ 380909 publi~hed in 1473) a fault in the pipe Qy3tem is located b~ measuring9 on the surface of the pipeline route, acou~tic ~ave~ produced in the point o~
the leak and propagating through the ground. In Rccordance with thi~ known mothod, two ~tanding wa~e maxima of equal amplitude, being adjacent to one another, if po3~ible, are detected on the ground surfaoe above the leaky pipeline, a~d the coordinate~ of the leak are calculated by halvi~g the di~tance between the t~o mQxima.
The above method does not make it po~iblo to locate a ~ault in the pipeline in the daytime~ on a~count of noise induced by traffic And by YariOUS indu~trial plant~;
on the other hand9 in c~e the method i~ employed for locating a fault in comple~ branched pipe ~y~tem~, even in relatively noi~e-~ree condition3, the proc~ of fauIt lo¢ation tend~ to be ~ery time-consuming~ 3ince the route of the pipeline ha~ to be determined7 ~ollowed by the scanning o~ the route ~ith a t~ter.
l~Sq~
-- 2 ~
Al~o known in the prior ~rt i~ a method o~ locating a fault in a pipelin~ (c~. U.SO Patent No. 3.691.819 publ.
in 1972~ based likewise on measuring ~ound wave~ but dif-ferent from the previou~ly de~cribed method in that the mea~uring ~et i~ inserted into the pipeline wnere it i~
displaced by force of tha produet being tranæferred along the pipeline. This method generally invol~e interruption in the product transfer along the pipeline ~or ln~ertion there into of the mea~uring et, which present~ certain di~ficultie~ when operating a branched circular pipe system.
I~ another known method of locating a fault i~,pre~-sure pipelines (c~. U.S.S,R. Inventor's Certificate ~o. ~27.425 publ, in 1972), there are provided ~t the end~
of the pipeline to be checked pick-up~ respon3ive to pres-~ure fluctuations of the product trans~erred, in the audio frequency range, the fluctuation being due to vibration o~
the jet e~c~ping through the pipeline leakg and the fault i~ located by measuring the phase difference between the fluctuations ~en~ed.
The implementatio~ of thi~ method nece~itQtes a com-munication channel between the pick-ups and the mea~uring set, and due t~ inadequate accuracy vf determining the pha~e ~hift angle, it bring~ about a con~iderable error in fault location, while the application o~ the method to complex branched ~y~tem~ add~ to the camplexity o* the equipment employed for implementlng ~he method~
.: ... .. ,: :
~ - ;
~4 There i~ Ql~O known ~ method of locating Q fault i~
a pipeline avoiding the use of a ~pecial com~unication channel, wherein the latter i~ 7eplaced by the action o~
the fluid pumped along the pipeline, the in~ormation being carried by ~n artificial di~turbance wave developed by an electromagnetic valve appropriately ~paeed from the measur-ing set. (c~. a paper by A.B.Sturmin et Q~ Automatic f~ult location in pipeline~ without using a ~pecial communication channel" in "Water Supply and Sewer System Desi~n" publi~h-ed by CINIS o~ Gos~troy of the U.S.S~R.~ ser.IV, i~ue
2/71, Moscow 1971), The valve is opened by a pressure drop wave reaching it from the fault area, ~imulating a leak in the position o~ the valve. The fault i~ located by detect-ing the difference between the arrival times of tho two re~pe~tive pre~ure drop wave~ reaching the measuring set.
This method i~ impracticable in complex pipe ~ystem~, its realization requiring complex equipment, which re~ult~
in a relatively ~mall reliability o~ the method.
In a further known method o~ detecting leak in pipe system~ (c~. U.S.S.R. Inventor'~ Certificate No.403920 publ. in 1973 ) ba~ed on the preliminary study of the specific pipe ~y~tem, the faults are located by specifying the ~equence of ~canning the pre~ure pick-ups and allow- --able pre~ure drop rate~, mea~uring the pres~ure in the te~t points, calculating the pre~ure change between the mea~urements in each poi~t, and comparing it with the allowable pres~ure cha~ge rate. By detecting the point in :
.
~i486~
_ 4 _ which the pre~sure change rate e~ceeds an allowable limit, a fault in the pipe ~ystem is indicated. In order to locate the leaky section3 two mutually adjacent point~
with ma~imum pre~qure drop rates are ~elected out of all the point~ to be checked, which defi~es the leaky 3ectio~.
Thi~ method prevents the preci~e location of the qpecific point o~ the leak and i8 restricted to locating the lsaky sect~on.
Al~o known i~ a method of locating a fault in a pre~-sure pipe ~y~tem di~closed in the U.S,S~R. Inventor'~
Certificate No. 1912~4 publiahed in 1967. In this known method, there are provided, Qt opposite end~ of the pipe-line ~ection supervi~ed~ pick-ups responsive to the preR-sure drop wave produced in the point o~ the leak and travelling along with the product being tran~ferred in the pipe sy~tem, and the leak i~ located b~y measuring the di~-ference between the pick-up re~pon~e t ~e~.
When thi~ prior art method of fault loc~tion is Qpplied to a bra~ched circular pipe ~y~tem, practically every ~ection of the system needa to be checked~ Each ~ec-tion m~y be considered a~ a~main line with the mlnimum number o~ branches, and a complex ~y~tem may con~i~t of a large number of ~uch ~ection~ with pick-up~ neces~arily pro~ided at the end~ o~ each ~ection and a communicatio~
channel connecting the pick-up~ with the mean~ for imple-menting the method~ Con~equently, it re~ult~ in a oumber-~ome~ impracticable, and uneconomic~l ~u.pervi~ion ~tem~, .
:
~:
s~
- 5 ~
and the nPce~ity of providing a large number of communl- :
cation channela and detecting de~ice~ (pick-ups) cause~
the reliability of the ~upervision system to be sub-~tantially raduced, Summary of the Invention ~ here~ore it i~ an object o~ the pre~ent ~v~ntio~
to provide a~method for locating a ~au~t in a pre3~ure pipe ~y~tem which can be comparatively eaqy to realize ~nd which ha~ a better reliability when operated in a branched and looped pipe ~ystem.
With thi~ principal object in view, there is pro~id-ed a method of locating a fault in a pres~ure pipe sy~tem, ~.
residing in that there are provided pick-up~ re~ponsi~e to the pres~ure drop wa~e produced in the point of ~he ~ault and propagating with the product being tran~erred in the pipeline 9 and the ~ault ig located u~ing the dlf-~erence b~tween re~ponse time~ o~ the pick-up~7 wherein, according to the invention~ the pick-up~ are mounted in a lea~t three teat po~nt~ of the pipe ~y~tem9 ~paced apart by ma~imum distance~ mea~ured alo~g the pipeli~e, such that with a specified value of minimum le~kage the pre~-sure drop wave generated in a particular test point ha~
an amplitude in t~o adjacent test points ~uf~icient to operate the pick-ups di~posed in ~aid two points~ the rB~
ponse times of the pick-ups neare~t to the ~ault point which the pr~s~ure drop wa~e will reach ~ir~t ~re recorded, - , ., ~
,, ,, ~ , ~ ,, .
,.
~S~6~
a first ~et of possible point~ of the ~ault iJ determined by measuring the di~ference be~een the re~ponse time~ of the ~irst and the second of the three abovementioned pick-ups, a second set of possible points of the fault i8 determined by mea~uring the di~ference bet~esn the re~
pon~e timeq of the first and the third of said pick-ups, a third group of possible point~ of the fault is deter-mined by mea~uring the dif~erence bet~een the re~ponse time~ of the second and the third of said pick-up~t ~nd the point of the fault i~ located by coinoidence of one of the possible leaky points of one group with one of the pos~ible leaky points of,at lea~t one of the other group3.
With the choice of the pick-up positions indicated sbove, their number will ~e just sufficient for location o~ a leak in any point of a comple~ branched pipe ~ystem, the comple2ity of the ~y~tem entailing but a ~mall in-creQ~e in the number of pick-ups. Owing to the fact that the number of pick-up~ i~ at a minimum, the number of c~-munication channels between the pick-ups and the device~
for proces~ing the data coming from the pick-up~ will be al~o minimQl~ thus re~ulting in a greater reliability and a lower cost of the sy~tem embodying the propo~ed method.
The invention will be herein~-fter di~clo~ed in a detailed deQcription of preferred embodiment thereo* taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, . ~ . -- ~ ., .
.
Brie~ De~cription of the Drawing The dr~wing illu~trate~ a ~chem~tically view o~ ~
pres~ure pipe ~y~tem where a fault i~ located using the method accord~ng to the invention.
Deta~led Description o~ the Pre~erred Embodiment .
Suppo~e that it is nece~3ary to pro~ide ~upervi~ion for a complex pre~sure pipe system ~hown i~ the drawing.
The pipe system i~ composed of pipeline~ ~hown a~ ~traight lines connectad in node points, of which point~ 1~ 2, 3...
19, 20, 21 are indica~ed in the drawing ~or the ~ake of clarity o~ the description, A leak in the pipe ~ystem is located by detecting a pressure drop wave originating in the point of the leak and propQgating with the liquid or :;
ga~eou~ product propelled along the pipelines ~uch a~
water, crude oil, petrol, g~s ~uel, etcO). ~or detecting the pressure drop wave, in predetermined, so-cQlled te~t, point~ of the pip9 ~y~tem, pick-up~ are disposed re~pon-sive to the action of the wave, such a~ pre~sure pick-upa mounted on the walls of the pipelines and contacting the product tran~ferred~ or vibration pick-up~ mounted on the wall~ of the pipelines but not in contact ~ith the product tran~ferred. The ~election of the test poirlt~ indicated ag encircled in the drawing, accordin~ to the invention, i~ made using the following procedure.
A predetermi~ed minimum leakage ~alue i~ a~sumed which is to be detected by the pick-upc ~nd interpreted -: , , ~
. . .
~5~86~
as ~ fault9 e.g. the leak of ]0% of the total flow rate of the product across the pîpeline.
The first te~t point i~ selected in any point of the pipeline, ~uch as a node point 3. The ~econd test point, such as a test point 9 i~ spaced from the test point 3 by ~uch a distance that the pressure drop wave originating in the test point 3 has an amplitude sufficient for record-ing thi~ wave ~s it appr~ache~ the vicinity of the test point 9 by means of a pick-up providsd in the test point 9, It appears that since the pressure drop wave is propagated with the product transferred in the pipeline, the diqtance between th~ points 3 an 9 mu~t be measured along the pipe-lines connecting the two Point~. It is also evident that this di~tance must be selected along the shorte~t of all possible path~ of propagating the pre~ure drop wave between the test points 3 and 9, nQmely, one of the paths ~;^
This method i~ impracticable in complex pipe ~ystem~, its realization requiring complex equipment, which re~ult~
in a relatively ~mall reliability o~ the method.
In a further known method o~ detecting leak in pipe system~ (c~. U.S.S.R. Inventor'~ Certificate No.403920 publ. in 1973 ) ba~ed on the preliminary study of the specific pipe ~y~tem, the faults are located by specifying the ~equence of ~canning the pre~ure pick-ups and allow- --able pre~ure drop rate~, mea~uring the pres~ure in the te~t points, calculating the pre~ure change between the mea~urements in each poi~t, and comparing it with the allowable pres~ure cha~ge rate. By detecting the point in :
.
~i486~
_ 4 _ which the pre~sure change rate e~ceeds an allowable limit, a fault in the pipe ~ystem is indicated. In order to locate the leaky section3 two mutually adjacent point~
with ma~imum pre~qure drop rates are ~elected out of all the point~ to be checked, which defi~es the leaky 3ectio~.
Thi~ method prevents the preci~e location of the qpecific point o~ the leak and i8 restricted to locating the lsaky sect~on.
Al~o known i~ a method of locating a fault in a pre~-sure pipe ~y~tem di~closed in the U.S,S~R. Inventor'~
Certificate No. 1912~4 publiahed in 1967. In this known method, there are provided, Qt opposite end~ of the pipe-line ~ection supervi~ed~ pick-ups responsive to the preR-sure drop wave produced in the point o~ the leak and travelling along with the product being tran~ferred in the pipe sy~tem, and the leak i~ located b~y measuring the di~-ference between the pick-up re~pon~e t ~e~.
When thi~ prior art method of fault loc~tion is Qpplied to a bra~ched circular pipe ~y~tem, practically every ~ection of the system needa to be checked~ Each ~ec-tion m~y be considered a~ a~main line with the mlnimum number o~ branches, and a complex ~y~tem may con~i~t of a large number of ~uch ~ection~ with pick-up~ neces~arily pro~ided at the end~ o~ each ~ection and a communicatio~
channel connecting the pick-up~ with the mean~ for imple-menting the method~ Con~equently, it re~ult~ in a oumber-~ome~ impracticable, and uneconomic~l ~u.pervi~ion ~tem~, .
:
~:
s~
- 5 ~
and the nPce~ity of providing a large number of communl- :
cation channela and detecting de~ice~ (pick-ups) cause~
the reliability of the ~upervision system to be sub-~tantially raduced, Summary of the Invention ~ here~ore it i~ an object o~ the pre~ent ~v~ntio~
to provide a~method for locating a ~au~t in a pre3~ure pipe ~y~tem which can be comparatively eaqy to realize ~nd which ha~ a better reliability when operated in a branched and looped pipe ~ystem.
With thi~ principal object in view, there is pro~id-ed a method of locating a fault in a pres~ure pipe sy~tem, ~.
residing in that there are provided pick-up~ re~ponsi~e to the pres~ure drop wa~e produced in the point of ~he ~ault and propagating with the product being tran~erred in the pipeline 9 and the ~ault ig located u~ing the dlf-~erence b~tween re~ponse time~ o~ the pick-up~7 wherein, according to the invention~ the pick-up~ are mounted in a lea~t three teat po~nt~ of the pipe ~y~tem9 ~paced apart by ma~imum distance~ mea~ured alo~g the pipeli~e, such that with a specified value of minimum le~kage the pre~-sure drop wave generated in a particular test point ha~
an amplitude in t~o adjacent test points ~uf~icient to operate the pick-ups di~posed in ~aid two points~ the rB~
ponse times of the pick-ups neare~t to the ~ault point which the pr~s~ure drop wa~e will reach ~ir~t ~re recorded, - , ., ~
,, ,, ~ , ~ ,, .
,.
~S~6~
a first ~et of possible point~ of the ~ault iJ determined by measuring the di~ference be~een the re~ponse time~ of the ~irst and the second of the three abovementioned pick-ups, a second set of possible points of the fault i8 determined by mea~uring the di~ference bet~esn the re~
pon~e timeq of the first and the third of said pick-ups, a third group of possible point~ of the fault is deter-mined by mea~uring the dif~erence bet~een the re~ponse time~ of the second and the third of said pick-up~t ~nd the point of the fault i~ located by coinoidence of one of the possible leaky points of one group with one of the pos~ible leaky points of,at lea~t one of the other group3.
With the choice of the pick-up positions indicated sbove, their number will ~e just sufficient for location o~ a leak in any point of a comple~ branched pipe ~ystem, the comple2ity of the ~y~tem entailing but a ~mall in-creQ~e in the number of pick-ups. Owing to the fact that the number of pick-up~ i~ at a minimum, the number of c~-munication channels between the pick-ups and the device~
for proces~ing the data coming from the pick-up~ will be al~o minimQl~ thus re~ulting in a greater reliability and a lower cost of the sy~tem embodying the propo~ed method.
The invention will be herein~-fter di~clo~ed in a detailed deQcription of preferred embodiment thereo* taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, . ~ . -- ~ ., .
.
Brie~ De~cription of the Drawing The dr~wing illu~trate~ a ~chem~tically view o~ ~
pres~ure pipe ~y~tem where a fault i~ located using the method accord~ng to the invention.
Deta~led Description o~ the Pre~erred Embodiment .
Suppo~e that it is nece~3ary to pro~ide ~upervi~ion for a complex pre~sure pipe system ~hown i~ the drawing.
The pipe system i~ composed of pipeline~ ~hown a~ ~traight lines connectad in node points, of which point~ 1~ 2, 3...
19, 20, 21 are indica~ed in the drawing ~or the ~ake of clarity o~ the description, A leak in the pipe ~ystem is located by detecting a pressure drop wave originating in the point of the leak and propQgating with the liquid or :;
ga~eou~ product propelled along the pipelines ~uch a~
water, crude oil, petrol, g~s ~uel, etcO). ~or detecting the pressure drop wave, in predetermined, so-cQlled te~t, point~ of the pip9 ~y~tem, pick-up~ are disposed re~pon-sive to the action of the wave, such a~ pre~sure pick-upa mounted on the walls of the pipelines and contacting the product tran~ferred~ or vibration pick-up~ mounted on the wall~ of the pipelines but not in contact ~ith the product tran~ferred. The ~election of the test poirlt~ indicated ag encircled in the drawing, accordin~ to the invention, i~ made using the following procedure.
A predetermi~ed minimum leakage ~alue i~ a~sumed which is to be detected by the pick-upc ~nd interpreted -: , , ~
. . .
~5~86~
as ~ fault9 e.g. the leak of ]0% of the total flow rate of the product across the pîpeline.
The first te~t point i~ selected in any point of the pipeline, ~uch as a node point 3. The ~econd test point, such as a test point 9 i~ spaced from the test point 3 by ~uch a distance that the pressure drop wave originating in the test point 3 has an amplitude sufficient for record-ing thi~ wave ~s it appr~ache~ the vicinity of the test point 9 by means of a pick-up providsd in the test point 9, It appears that since the pressure drop wave is propagated with the product transferred in the pipeline, the diqtance between th~ points 3 an 9 mu~t be measured along the pipe-lines connecting the two Point~. It is also evident that this di~tance must be selected along the shorte~t of all possible path~ of propagating the pre~ure drop wave between the test points 3 and 9, nQmely, one of the paths ~;^
3-2-1-5-9, 3-2-6-10-9, 3-7-6-10-9, etc. The ~hortest way of propagatio~ o~ the pressure drop wa~e with the product tran~ferred bet~een two points is determined by an ap-propriate method, such as the Ford method. Suppose that the ~hortest path of propagation of the pres~ure drop w~ve between the test points 3 and 9 i~ the path 3-2-6-10`9.
Thus, as the te~t point 9 for mounting the pick-up~
i~ selected, we are intere~ted in the first, the ear-liest of all, operation of the pick-up mounted in the te~t point 9 in respon~e to the pressure drop W8Ve originating in the test poi~t 30 In ca~e the above conditio~ of ~elect-ing the te~t point 9 is observed 7 thi~ pre~ure drop wave - ,. .~ . - .
, . . .
- ~
. ,:. ~ ., .
-: . ~ : - ~.-` ~5~86(~, _ 9 _ will not cause the pick-up mounted :in the point to be repeatedly operated as it approaches the point Rlong other~
longer~ sections of the pip9 sy~tem~ Similar considera-tions co~cerning the first operation~ of the respective pick-ups hold for the selection of the subsequent test points.
A third te~t point 18 i~ selected with a maximum spacing from the test points 3 and 9 where the pres~ure drop wave originating in the test point 189 a9 it appro-aches the te~t point~ 3 and 9, has an amplitude sufficient for operation of the pick-ups disposed in these test point~. The condition for selection o~ maximum distances along the shortest path o~ propagation o~ the pre~sure drop waves also holds for the third test point 18 a~ well a~ for the ~ubsequent test points. Suppose, for instance, that the ~horte~t path for the presqure drop wave propa-gated from the point 1~ to the point 3 lies along the ~ection~ 18-13-B-4-3, while for the wave propagated ~rom the point 18 to the point 9, it is along the ~ection~
18-17-16-15-10-9.
A fourth test point 19 is selected using the abova considerations, i.e. with a magimum spacing from the teqt points 9 and 1~, p~rmitting to record the pre~sure drop wave~ ori~inating in the te~t point 19 by the pick-ups dispo~ed in the test point~ 9 and l8, the pick-ups respond-ing~ ju~t a~ in the case~ considered hereinbefors 5 to the wa~e arriving thereat along the shortest paths between the respective test point~.
Sub~equent test points 20 and ~l are sImilarly ~elec-ted. Speaking of the gener~l ru1e o~ ~electing te~t point~, it may be ~tated that each test point i~ ~paced ~rom the two te~t point nearest thereto by maximum di~-tances ~o that the pre~3ure drop w~ve originating in thi~
point ha~ un amplitude, in the two of ~id te~t points, ~uf~icient for operation of the pick-up~ di~po~ed in these :~
te~t points, proYided that the pressure drop wave mo~e~
along the shortest path. The selection o~ the te~t point~
i~ continued until their nu~ber becomes large enough for supervi~ion of the entire pipe sy~tem~ i.e. the number of te~t point~ wherein the pick-up~ are mounted should be such that wherever a fault occurs in the pres3ure pipe system, the pressure drop wave origi~ating in this polnt mu~t reach at least three te~t points. If the abovementioned rule o~ selectin~ test points is ob~arved, the number o~ :
pick-ups used in the supervision ~y~tem will be minimi~edO
Suppo~e th~t in some point o~ the pres~ure pipe sy~tem sho~n in the drawing a f~ult ha~ occured. A pre~-~ure drop wave begin~ to prQpagate from the poînt o~ the leak at a given speed depending on the hydraulic characte ri~tics of the pipeline~ and the phy~ical properties of the product being tran~erred, which wave cause~ three pick-up~ to reepond, e.g. the pick-up~ mounted in the te~t poînt~ 3,9~18, the pick-up mountsd in the te~t point 3 operating fir~t, followed by the pick-up mounted in the te~t point 9, and finally~ the pick-up mounted in the te~t poi~t 18.
According to the in~ention, xe~ponse times o~ the~e pick-up~ are recorded. Let the respon~e time of the pic~-up mounted in the te_t point 3 be tl, the response time of the piok-up mounted in the test point 9 be t2, and the re~ponse time of the pick-up mounted in the test point 18 be t3-~ he di~ference A t~ between the respon~e times of the pick-up~ mounted in the test points 3 and 9, the dif-ferenca ~t2 between the respon~e time~ of the pick-ups mounted in the te~t points 9 and 18, and the difference-~t3 between the respon~e time~ of the pick-up~ mou~ted in th~ te~t point~ 3 and 18 are then determi~ed:
~!~ tl = t2 - tl ~t2 - t3 - t2 ~t3 = t3 ~ ~.1 Three ~et~ of po~ible point~ of the f~ult are furt- :~
her determined from the di~ference~ obtained d tl, a t29 and ~t3 9 based on the fact that the point oP the fault to be detected mQy lie~ on the one hand, ~n any of the ~ection~ of the pipe ~y~tem bet~een the pointq 3 and 9p Rnd on the other hand, either in any of the pipe ~ection~
between the point~ 9 and 18 or I~ any o~ the ~ection~
betwee~ the poi~t~ 3 and 18.
~ . ................. .; . ~
::
'~ ' f_~
l~LS~60 ~2 On each i-th p~th o~ all possible paths of pre~f3~re drop wave~ between the poi~s 3 ~nd 9 9 the di~tance ~i from th~ midpath to Q possible poi~t of -the leak i9 found.
2 v ~ tl9 ., where V i9 the ~elocity of propagatio~ of the pre~qqure drop wave along the product being tran~3ferred in a particular pipe ~ystem, and - 1,2,3, ... n, the number 'n' o$ po~3~ible path~ of propagation of the wave between the point~ 3 and 9 depending on the con~iguration o~ the pipe system concerned between the~e two points.
The di~tande al, along each i-th path, ~rom one of the te~t points 3 or 9, e.g. from the poi~t 3, to the po~,qible fault, i3 then determined:
ai = SiJ2 - 2i where ~i i8 the length of the i-th path.
Since it i8 not known on ~hich of lthe paths conneGt-i~g the te~t point~ 3 and 9 the fault il3 located9 'n' po~-sible points o* the fault of the ~ir~t ~3et are obtained, such a~ the point al on the path 3-7-6-'L0-9, the point a~
on the path 3-2-6-10-9~ the point a3 on the path 3-2-1~5-9, ~:
~tc~
Similarly, a ~eco~d ~et o~ po~ib:La points of ~he fault i~ found~ namely, on each j-th pat:h o~ po~ible . :; : :' . :
;
, ~ ~
, ~ 13 - : :
paths o~ propag~tion of the pre~ure drop wave between the point~ 9 and 18~ the di~tan¢e Y~ ~rom the centre o~
thi~ path to the possible poi~t of the fQult i~ given by:
Yj = 1/2 V ~2' where j = 1, 2, 3 ... ~ m, :~
the number 'm' of pos ible path~ of propag~tio~ o~
the wave between the points 9 and 18 dependin~ on the con-~iguration of the pipe ~y~tem between the two poi~t3.
The di~tance bj, along each j-th path, from one of the point~ 9 or 18, e.g. ~rom the point 9, to a possible point o~ the fault is then determined:
bj = Sj/2 - Ya ~
where S j i~ the length of the j-th path.
Since it is not known on which of the paths connect-ing the test point~ 9 and 18 in the pipe sy3tem the fault lies, 'm' pos~ible points of the leak of the second ~et is obtained, such as point bl on path 9-10-6-7-8-13-18, poi.nt b2 on the path 9-10-15-16-17-18, point b3 on the path 9-10-11-12-13-18~ etc.
A third ~e~ o~ pos~ible points of the fault 1~ ~urther found, namely, on each k-th path of poss~ble paths of pro-pagation of the pre~ure drop wave between the point~ 3 and 18, the distance Zk from the midpoint of the path to a possible point of the leak is determined u~i~g the e~pre~
sion Zk = /2 V ~ t . .
,, ,. :
. .. .
- , ' ' ~ - : ': ~. ~
~L548g;at where k = 1, 29 3 ...... 19 the number '1~ of po~sible paths of propagation of the wave between the point~ 3 and 18 depending on the configu-ration of the pipe sy~tem bet~een these point~.
The distance Ck along each k-th path, from one of the points 3 or 18, e.g. from th~ point 3, to a po~ible point o~ the fault is then calculated: -Ck = ~k/2 ~ Zk where Sk i~ the length o~ the k-th path.
Since it is not known on which particular path of the path~ connecting the te~t point3 3 an 1~ with~n the pipe system the fault is located, '1' pos~ible points of the fault of the third ~et of point3 is obtained, such as point cl on the path 3-4-8-13-18, point c2 on the path 3-7-12-17-18,.point C3 on the path 3-7-8-13-18, etc.
The exact point of the fault is determined, within rea~onable tolerances, by the coincidence of one of the po~sible point~ of the fault of one set with one o~ the pos3ible points o~ the fault of another ~et or other ~ets.
In this particular example, the points al and bl approxi-mately coincide, thus locating the fault in the pipeline at ~ome point A lying.on ~ section de~ined by the point~
~1 and bl. Ideally ths length o~ the 3ection will be zero ~point~ al and bl coincide~ but in practical embod~nent o~
the method~ the point~ al and bl coincide to within the maximum section length of 3 mO
Whether there occur~ the coi~cidence of the po~ible ;
. - -. : .:, ~
.. . .
.
. . .. . ..
~L~5~8 poi~ts of the fault of the first and ~econd set3, or of the firæt and third ~ets7 or of the second and third sets, or of all the three sets of point3, depends on the posi-tion of the leak with respect to the three test points where the pick-ups have operated~ as well RS on the con-figuration of the pipe ~y~tem between these points~ If the leak lay close to a point such as point 12, the coincidence of three points would occur, i.e~ of one o~ the points of the set 'a' with one o~ the points of the set tb' and with one of the points of the set 'c'. In fact, the pressure drop wave would tra~el, in thi~ case, from the point 12 to test point 3 along the p~th 12-7-3, to the test point 18 along the path 12-13-18, and to the test point 9 along the path 12~ 10-95 the length of the wave path bet~een the test point~ 9 and 3, 9 and 181 an 3 and 18 equalling the sum of the wave propa~ation paths from the point 12 to two te~t points~ i,e. the paths 12-11-10-9 plus 12-7-3, paths 12-11-10-9 plus 12-13-18~ and path~ 12-7-3 plu~ 12-13-18, respectively.
~ he in~ention can be advantageously utilized in muni-cipal service for the purpose of superYising water supply and heat supply systems o~ the cities, and in chemical industry for supervision of comple~ pipe ~ystems o~ large chemical plants. The invention is superior to the known methods for similar applications in that it provide~ a higher reliability9 a ~reater simplicity, and a compara-tively lower cost.
. .
.
: . ., :
,.. : :
Thus, as the te~t point 9 for mounting the pick-up~
i~ selected, we are intere~ted in the first, the ear-liest of all, operation of the pick-up mounted in the te~t point 9 in respon~e to the pressure drop W8Ve originating in the test poi~t 30 In ca~e the above conditio~ of ~elect-ing the te~t point 9 is observed 7 thi~ pre~ure drop wave - ,. .~ . - .
, . . .
- ~
. ,:. ~ ., .
-: . ~ : - ~.-` ~5~86(~, _ 9 _ will not cause the pick-up mounted :in the point to be repeatedly operated as it approaches the point Rlong other~
longer~ sections of the pip9 sy~tem~ Similar considera-tions co~cerning the first operation~ of the respective pick-ups hold for the selection of the subsequent test points.
A third te~t point 18 i~ selected with a maximum spacing from the test points 3 and 9 where the pres~ure drop wave originating in the test point 189 a9 it appro-aches the te~t point~ 3 and 9, has an amplitude sufficient for operation of the pick-ups disposed in these test point~. The condition for selection o~ maximum distances along the shortest path o~ propagation o~ the pre~sure drop waves also holds for the third test point 18 a~ well a~ for the ~ubsequent test points. Suppose, for instance, that the ~horte~t path for the presqure drop wave propa-gated from the point 1~ to the point 3 lies along the ~ection~ 18-13-B-4-3, while for the wave propagated ~rom the point 18 to the point 9, it is along the ~ection~
18-17-16-15-10-9.
A fourth test point 19 is selected using the abova considerations, i.e. with a magimum spacing from the teqt points 9 and 1~, p~rmitting to record the pre~sure drop wave~ ori~inating in the te~t point 19 by the pick-ups dispo~ed in the test point~ 9 and l8, the pick-ups respond-ing~ ju~t a~ in the case~ considered hereinbefors 5 to the wa~e arriving thereat along the shortest paths between the respective test point~.
Sub~equent test points 20 and ~l are sImilarly ~elec-ted. Speaking of the gener~l ru1e o~ ~electing te~t point~, it may be ~tated that each test point i~ ~paced ~rom the two te~t point nearest thereto by maximum di~-tances ~o that the pre~3ure drop w~ve originating in thi~
point ha~ un amplitude, in the two of ~id te~t points, ~uf~icient for operation of the pick-up~ di~po~ed in these :~
te~t points, proYided that the pressure drop wave mo~e~
along the shortest path. The selection o~ the te~t point~
i~ continued until their nu~ber becomes large enough for supervi~ion of the entire pipe sy~tem~ i.e. the number of te~t point~ wherein the pick-up~ are mounted should be such that wherever a fault occurs in the pres3ure pipe system, the pressure drop wave origi~ating in this polnt mu~t reach at least three te~t points. If the abovementioned rule o~ selectin~ test points is ob~arved, the number o~ :
pick-ups used in the supervision ~y~tem will be minimi~edO
Suppo~e th~t in some point o~ the pres~ure pipe sy~tem sho~n in the drawing a f~ult ha~ occured. A pre~-~ure drop wave begin~ to prQpagate from the poînt o~ the leak at a given speed depending on the hydraulic characte ri~tics of the pipeline~ and the phy~ical properties of the product being tran~erred, which wave cause~ three pick-up~ to reepond, e.g. the pick-up~ mounted in the te~t poînt~ 3,9~18, the pick-up mountsd in the te~t point 3 operating fir~t, followed by the pick-up mounted in the te~t point 9, and finally~ the pick-up mounted in the te~t poi~t 18.
According to the in~ention, xe~ponse times o~ the~e pick-up~ are recorded. Let the respon~e time of the pic~-up mounted in the te_t point 3 be tl, the response time of the piok-up mounted in the test point 9 be t2, and the re~ponse time of the pick-up mounted in the test point 18 be t3-~ he di~ference A t~ between the respon~e times of the pick-up~ mounted in the test points 3 and 9, the dif-ferenca ~t2 between the respon~e time~ of the pick-ups mounted in the te~t points 9 and 18, and the difference-~t3 between the respon~e time~ of the pick-up~ mou~ted in th~ te~t point~ 3 and 18 are then determi~ed:
~!~ tl = t2 - tl ~t2 - t3 - t2 ~t3 = t3 ~ ~.1 Three ~et~ of po~ible point~ of the f~ult are furt- :~
her determined from the di~ference~ obtained d tl, a t29 and ~t3 9 based on the fact that the point oP the fault to be detected mQy lie~ on the one hand, ~n any of the ~ection~ of the pipe ~y~tem bet~een the pointq 3 and 9p Rnd on the other hand, either in any of the pipe ~ection~
between the point~ 9 and 18 or I~ any o~ the ~ection~
betwee~ the poi~t~ 3 and 18.
~ . ................. .; . ~
::
'~ ' f_~
l~LS~60 ~2 On each i-th p~th o~ all possible paths of pre~f3~re drop wave~ between the poi~s 3 ~nd 9 9 the di~tance ~i from th~ midpath to Q possible poi~t of -the leak i9 found.
2 v ~ tl9 ., where V i9 the ~elocity of propagatio~ of the pre~qqure drop wave along the product being tran~3ferred in a particular pipe ~ystem, and - 1,2,3, ... n, the number 'n' o$ po~3~ible path~ of propagation of the wave between the point~ 3 and 9 depending on the con~iguration o~ the pipe system concerned between the~e two points.
The di~tande al, along each i-th path, ~rom one of the te~t points 3 or 9, e.g. from the poi~t 3, to the po~,qible fault, i3 then determined:
ai = SiJ2 - 2i where ~i i8 the length of the i-th path.
Since it i8 not known on ~hich of lthe paths conneGt-i~g the te~t point~ 3 and 9 the fault il3 located9 'n' po~-sible points o* the fault of the ~ir~t ~3et are obtained, such a~ the point al on the path 3-7-6-'L0-9, the point a~
on the path 3-2-6-10-9~ the point a3 on the path 3-2-1~5-9, ~:
~tc~
Similarly, a ~eco~d ~et o~ po~ib:La points of ~he fault i~ found~ namely, on each j-th pat:h o~ po~ible . :; : :' . :
;
, ~ ~
, ~ 13 - : :
paths o~ propag~tion of the pre~ure drop wave between the point~ 9 and 18~ the di~tan¢e Y~ ~rom the centre o~
thi~ path to the possible poi~t of the fQult i~ given by:
Yj = 1/2 V ~2' where j = 1, 2, 3 ... ~ m, :~
the number 'm' of pos ible path~ of propag~tio~ o~
the wave between the points 9 and 18 dependin~ on the con-~iguration of the pipe ~y~tem between the two poi~t3.
The di~tance bj, along each j-th path, from one of the point~ 9 or 18, e.g. ~rom the point 9, to a possible point o~ the fault is then determined:
bj = Sj/2 - Ya ~
where S j i~ the length of the j-th path.
Since it is not known on which of the paths connect-ing the test point~ 9 and 18 in the pipe sy3tem the fault lies, 'm' pos~ible points of the leak of the second ~et is obtained, such as point bl on path 9-10-6-7-8-13-18, poi.nt b2 on the path 9-10-15-16-17-18, point b3 on the path 9-10-11-12-13-18~ etc.
A third ~e~ o~ pos~ible points of the fault 1~ ~urther found, namely, on each k-th path of poss~ble paths of pro-pagation of the pre~ure drop wave between the point~ 3 and 18, the distance Zk from the midpoint of the path to a possible point of the leak is determined u~i~g the e~pre~
sion Zk = /2 V ~ t . .
,, ,. :
. .. .
- , ' ' ~ - : ': ~. ~
~L548g;at where k = 1, 29 3 ...... 19 the number '1~ of po~sible paths of propagation of the wave between the point~ 3 and 18 depending on the configu-ration of the pipe sy~tem bet~een these point~.
The distance Ck along each k-th path, from one of the points 3 or 18, e.g. from th~ point 3, to a po~ible point o~ the fault is then calculated: -Ck = ~k/2 ~ Zk where Sk i~ the length o~ the k-th path.
Since it is not known on which particular path of the path~ connecting the te~t point3 3 an 1~ with~n the pipe system the fault is located, '1' pos~ible points of the fault of the third ~et of point3 is obtained, such as point cl on the path 3-4-8-13-18, point c2 on the path 3-7-12-17-18,.point C3 on the path 3-7-8-13-18, etc.
The exact point of the fault is determined, within rea~onable tolerances, by the coincidence of one of the po~sible point~ of the fault of one set with one o~ the pos3ible points o~ the fault of another ~et or other ~ets.
In this particular example, the points al and bl approxi-mately coincide, thus locating the fault in the pipeline at ~ome point A lying.on ~ section de~ined by the point~
~1 and bl. Ideally ths length o~ the 3ection will be zero ~point~ al and bl coincide~ but in practical embod~nent o~
the method~ the point~ al and bl coincide to within the maximum section length of 3 mO
Whether there occur~ the coi~cidence of the po~ible ;
. - -. : .:, ~
.. . .
.
. . .. . ..
~L~5~8 poi~ts of the fault of the first and ~econd set3, or of the firæt and third ~ets7 or of the second and third sets, or of all the three sets of point3, depends on the posi-tion of the leak with respect to the three test points where the pick-ups have operated~ as well RS on the con-figuration of the pipe ~y~tem between these points~ If the leak lay close to a point such as point 12, the coincidence of three points would occur, i.e~ of one o~ the points of the set 'a' with one o~ the points of the set tb' and with one of the points of the set 'c'. In fact, the pressure drop wave would tra~el, in thi~ case, from the point 12 to test point 3 along the p~th 12-7-3, to the test point 18 along the path 12-13-18, and to the test point 9 along the path 12~ 10-95 the length of the wave path bet~een the test point~ 9 and 3, 9 and 181 an 3 and 18 equalling the sum of the wave propa~ation paths from the point 12 to two te~t points~ i,e. the paths 12-11-10-9 plus 12-7-3, paths 12-11-10-9 plus 12-13-18~ and path~ 12-7-3 plu~ 12-13-18, respectively.
~ he in~ention can be advantageously utilized in muni-cipal service for the purpose of superYising water supply and heat supply systems o~ the cities, and in chemical industry for supervision of comple~ pipe ~ystems o~ large chemical plants. The invention is superior to the known methods for similar applications in that it provide~ a higher reliability9 a ~reater simplicity, and a compara-tively lower cost.
. .
.
: . ., :
,.. : :
Claims
1. A method of locating a fault in a pressure pipe system, comprising the following steps:
providing in at least three test points of the pipe system pick-ups responsive to the action of a pres-sure drop wave developed in the point of the fault and propagating with the product being transferred in said pipe system, said test points being spaced from one another by maximum distances measured along the pipelines such that with a specified value of minimum leakage, said pressure drop wave developed in any of said test points has an amplitude, in two adjacent test points, sufficient for operation of the pick-ups mounted in the two test points;
recording response times of three of said pick-ups nearest to the fault;
defining a first set of possible points of the fault times of the first and second of said three pick-ups;
defining a second set of possible points of the fault by measuring the difference between said response times of the first and the third of said three pick-ups;
defining a third set of possible points of the fault by measuring the difference between said response times of the second and the third of said three pick-ups;
locating the fault from the coincidence of one of said possible points of the fault in one of said three sets with one of said possible points of the fault in at least one of the two remaining of said three sets.
providing in at least three test points of the pipe system pick-ups responsive to the action of a pres-sure drop wave developed in the point of the fault and propagating with the product being transferred in said pipe system, said test points being spaced from one another by maximum distances measured along the pipelines such that with a specified value of minimum leakage, said pressure drop wave developed in any of said test points has an amplitude, in two adjacent test points, sufficient for operation of the pick-ups mounted in the two test points;
recording response times of three of said pick-ups nearest to the fault;
defining a first set of possible points of the fault times of the first and second of said three pick-ups;
defining a second set of possible points of the fault by measuring the difference between said response times of the first and the third of said three pick-ups;
defining a third set of possible points of the fault by measuring the difference between said response times of the second and the third of said three pick-ups;
locating the fault from the coincidence of one of said possible points of the fault in one of said three sets with one of said possible points of the fault in at least one of the two remaining of said three sets.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000355950A CA1154860A (en) | 1980-07-10 | 1980-07-10 | Method of locating a fault in a pressure pipe system from the coincidence of at least two sets of possible points |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000355950A CA1154860A (en) | 1980-07-10 | 1980-07-10 | Method of locating a fault in a pressure pipe system from the coincidence of at least two sets of possible points |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1154860A true CA1154860A (en) | 1983-10-04 |
Family
ID=4117397
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000355950A Expired CA1154860A (en) | 1980-07-10 | 1980-07-10 | Method of locating a fault in a pressure pipe system from the coincidence of at least two sets of possible points |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1154860A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112611687A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-06 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司检修分公司 | Method and system for accurately positioning metal particles in GIL |
| CN117745263A (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-03-22 | 湖北三峡云计算中心有限责任公司 | Data sniffing system based on city monitoring equipment |
-
1980
- 1980-07-10 CA CA000355950A patent/CA1154860A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112611687A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-06 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司检修分公司 | Method and system for accurately positioning metal particles in GIL |
| CN117745263A (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-03-22 | 湖北三峡云计算中心有限责任公司 | Data sniffing system based on city monitoring equipment |
| CN117745263B (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-05-28 | 湖北三峡云计算中心有限责任公司 | Data sniffing system based on city monitoring equipment |
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