CA1149601A - Method for complexing metal oxide particles in an organic medium - Google Patents
Method for complexing metal oxide particles in an organic mediumInfo
- Publication number
- CA1149601A CA1149601A CA000369531A CA369531A CA1149601A CA 1149601 A CA1149601 A CA 1149601A CA 000369531 A CA000369531 A CA 000369531A CA 369531 A CA369531 A CA 369531A CA 1149601 A CA1149601 A CA 1149601A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- carbon atoms
- groups containing
- amino
- methyl propane
- alkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QKWSEJGZGKAYDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,2-dimethyl-1-n-octadecylpropane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)CC(C)(C)N QKWSEJGZGKAYDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- IZOIUMAFKSABTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n-butyl-2-methylpropane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCCCNCC(C)(C)N IZOIUMAFKSABTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZQLUIMGNETVGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n-dodecyl-2-methylpropane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNCC(C)(C)N ZQLUIMGNETVGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- SZQVRGHPKCUMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-n-(18-phenyloctadecyl)propane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CNCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 SZQVRGHPKCUMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WYQMKZNUTKRZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n-icosyl-2-methylpropane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCC(C)(C)N WYQMKZNUTKRZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 108700004121 sarkosyl Proteins 0.000 description 5
- KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC([O-])=O KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]=O AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-YFHOEESVSA-N neral Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 N-tallow-l Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MMPOTNFPDMJTRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOOOOOOOOO Chemical compound OOOOOOOOOOO MMPOTNFPDMJTRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citral Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Sb](=O)O[Sb](=O)=O LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N citral A Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropropane Chemical compound CCC[N+]([O-])=O JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbut-3-enal Chemical compound CCC(C=C)C=O CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl vinyl ketone Natural products CCCC(=O)C=C JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940079862 sodium lauryl sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ADWNFGORSPBALY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[dodecyl(methyl)amino]acetate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)CC([O-])=O ADWNFGORSPBALY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/16—Amines or polyamines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/68—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent
- G11B5/70—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer
- G11B5/7013—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer characterised by the dispersing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/28—Amines
- C22B3/282—Aliphatic amines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/68—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent
- G11B5/70—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer
- G11B5/702—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer characterised by the bonding agent
- G11B5/7028—Additives, e.g. crosslinking agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method for complexing metal oxide particles in an organic medium is disclosed. The method comprises incorporating into said medium an effective amount of a complexing agent of the formula:
A method for complexing metal oxide particles in an organic medium is disclosed. The method comprises incorporating into said medium an effective amount of a complexing agent of the formula:
Description
96~1 BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention relates to a method for complexing metal oxide particles in an organic medium as well as to a method for dispersing or flocculating metal oxide particles in an organic medium. This invention also relates to a magnetic recording medium comprising a magnetic carrier and an improved magnetizable coating provided on said carrier.
Many end use applications require that certain metal oxide particles be complexed to achieve a desired effect such as `dispersing the particles in an organic medium. For example, in the recording industry, in order to achieve a useful magnetizable coating on a non-magnetic carrier, it is necessary to finely disperse magnetic pigments in a carrier by means of a binder.
Also, in the plastics industry, it is often necessary to uniformly~
disperse throughout a plastic an amount of a finely divided metal oxide such as antimony trioxide or antimony pentoxide. In order to achieve uniform stable dispersions of such metal oxides in organic media, it is necessary to utilize an effective amount of a complexing agent which in that application functions as dispersing agent. Dispersing agents which have been used in the past include, for example, N-acylsarcosine derivatives, as taught in U.S. Patent No. 4,153,754. Also, for purposes similar to that disclosed in the aforementioned patent, it is known to use compounds such as N-tallow-l,3-diamino propane, especially in the form of its dioleate salt.
An object of the present invention is to provide improved complexing agents for use in dispersing or flocculating finely divided metal oxide particles in organic media.
The foregoing and other objects will become apparent from the following description of the invention.
~1~9601 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
There has now been discovered a method for complexing finely divi~ed ~eta7 ox;de particles ;,l a,l organic medium comprising incorporating into said medium an effective amount of a complexing agent of the formula:
R~ , R5 ,N C - C ~\
R2~ 1 I R6 wherein Rl is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and ;alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups !containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms and aryl groups .containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms substituted with one or more ;alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from l to 22 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -(CH2CH20)nH, wherein n is an integer from l to lO, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from l to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from l to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from l to 22 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, and -CH2CH3; and Rs and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, and -(CH2CH20)nH wherein n is an integer from l to lO.
,. 3 !. .
The present invention also provided a magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic carrier and a magnetizable ~oatin~ prc~ ed ~n said carrier, said magnetizable ~oating comprising a binder and magnetic pigments finely dispersed therein by means of a dispersing agent, said dispersing agent being a compound of the formula:
Rl I I ,R5 - N - C - C N
R2~ l I P~6 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -(CH2CH20)nH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, and -CH2CH3; and Rs and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, and -(CH2CH20)nH wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10.
. .
~9601 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As indicated, the present invention provides improved complexing agents. Said compiexing agents be10ng to a class of compounds of the following formula:
Rl l l , R5 > N C--C N
With respect to the foregoing formula, Rl may be selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferably R1 is a long-chain alkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms. R1 may therefore be any long-chain alkyl group3 such as those derived from naturally occuring fats and oils such as cocoa, tallow, and soya. The Rl group may also represent an aryl group containing from about 4 to about 10 carbon atoms or an alkyl or alkenyl group as defined above substituted with one or more of such aryl groups, such as a phenylstearic group. Likewise the aforementioned aryl group may be substituted with an alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms. The R2 group is independently selected from hydrogen, -(CH2CH20)nH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10, and the same group dS
Indicated for R1, but-wherein the alkyl and alkenyl groups may contain from 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
~1~9601 When reference is made in the present application to an aryt group, the ~rm should be understood to include any a~olnatic system meeting the specified criteria, such as having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms. The aryl group may therefore include hetero atoms such as, nitrogen, sufpher, and oxygen as part of the aromatic group.
The R3 and R4 groups are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3 and -CH2CH3.
Preferably R3 and R4 are both methyl. The Rs and R6 groups are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen -CH3,-CH2CH3, and -(CH2CH20)n, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 11. Preferably, Rs and R6 are hydrogen.
The most preferable class of compounds is represented by`
the foregoing formula wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably from about 8 to about 18, and most preferably it is derived from tallow, R2 is hydrogen, R3 and R4 are both methyl, and Rs and R6 are both hydrogen. The most preferable compound is therefore l-(N-tallowamino)-2-alnino-2-methyl propane.
Other compounds which are useful in the practice of the present invention include l-(N-dodecylamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, l-(N-phenylstearylamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, ~ l~g601 l-(benzyl-N-tallow amino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, l-(N-morpholino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, l-(N-di-n-butyl amino)-2-amino2-methyl propane, l-(tallow-N-ethanolamino)-Z-diethanolamino2-methyl propane, l-~methy~ N-oc~adecyl amino)-2amino-2-methyl propane, l-(N-n-butyl amino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, and l-(N- eicosylamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane.
The compounds of the present invention may be synthesized in accordance with chemical techniques known to those skilled in the art. One may refer for guidance to A. G. Johnson, JACS. 68,14(1946).
To prepare the N-tallow-2-methyl-1,2-propane-diamine utilized in the present invention, one may, for example, react 393 grams of primary tallow amine with 147 grams of nitropropane in a ~ ~ .
t~ one-liter stainless steel stirred Parr autoclave heated to 90C.
121 grams of formalin (37Y) may be added under pressure and the reaction mixture heated at 90C for approximately six hours to obtain 95YO of the desired nitro-intermediate. 500 grams of the intermediate may then be reacted with hydrogen utilizing 22.5 grams of nickel catalyst and 35 grams of a filter aid, in a rn~
one-liter stainless steel, stirred Parr autoclave. The hydrogenation may be accomplished at 60C, 1000 psig hydrogen for sever hours. The product may contain approximately 83~ of the desired diamine and 15% of the corresponding monoamine.
As used herein and in the appended claims, the term "complexing" is used to mean any chemical, physical or other interaction between the complexing agent of the present invention and the metal oxide particle being complexed to cause a chemical, physical or other association to occur between the complexing agent and the metal oxide particle. The formation of true organo-metallic complexes is thus not necessary.
-- .. . . , . ~ , ~149~01 In the present application and the appended claims the term "dispersing" is meant to include physically stablizing the metal oxide particles against either settling, in the case of liquid~ sUcpensions~; nr migrating, as in the case of metal oxides which are dispersed throughout a polymeric material. The term "flocculating" is used to mean precipitation, a~glomerationor other physical association of the metal oxide particles so as to form a recognized increased density of the metal oxide particles.
The organic medium which is utilized in the present process may vary widely and includes liquid and solid organic substances in which finely divided metal oxide particles are incorporated. Thus, useful organic media may include organic liquids, such as mineral oil, synthetic oils, petroleum oils, and typical organic solvents such as methylethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, and toluene. Of course, mixtures of various organic materials may be utilized as the organic medium for the purpose of practicing the present invention. For example, a mixture l:l:l of methylethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, and toluene may be utilized.
With respect to the finely divided metal oxide particles which are useful in the practice of the present invention, typically particles having sizes from about O.Ol microns to about lO0 microns are useful in the practice of the present invention when dispersion of the particles is desired. Such particles may have any physical shape, regular or irregular. Thus such particles may be spherical or may be acicular such as Fe203 and CrO2 particles which genera!ly have a length of about O.l to l.0 micron and a thickness of about O.Ol to about 0.2 micron. The type of metal oxide particles utilized is not critical. Thus, for examplej,-the metal oxide particles may be any of the known oxides of iron, nickel, copper, vanadium, molybdenum, uranium, mercury, ~ cl n tilnony ~ chromium, magnesium, titanium, and rn~KI~ as well as others.
,. .
In the practice of the present invention the complexing agent may exist solely in the form identified by the formula hereinabove. The complexing agent may also exist in a wholly or parttal~y neutralized torm. lhus, dS the complexing agents of the present invention are diamines, they may be wholly or partially neutralized with acids, preferably fatty acids, such as oleic acid. Thus, for every mole of diamine present, the complexing agent may exist as either the mono- or di- salt thereof. An especially useful dispersing agent appears to be N-tallow-2-methyl-1,2-propane-diamine dioleate.
When the complexing agent is to function as a dispersing agent the actual quantity of dispersing agent utilized for dispersing finely divided metal oxides in any particular organic medium will depend greatly upon many factors such as the size of the metal oxide particles, the type of metal oxide particles, the quantity of metal oxide particles present, and the nature of the organic medium in which the metal oxide particles are to be dispersed. In any event, the amount of dispersing agent present should be an effective amount. By the term "effective amount"
there is meant a quantity of dispersing agent sufficient to at least partially stablilize the metal oxide particles in the medium against settling or migration. The amount need not be sufficient to maintain the finely divided metal particles dispersed throughout the organic medium indefinitely, but simply sufficient to increase the stability of the system over that which would otherwise be obtained without the presence of the dispersing agent.
When the complexing agent is to function as a flocculating agent, again the quantity utilized will also depend upon the factors outlined above with respect to dispersing agents.
' '9 , I
960~
The amount utilized should he an "effective amount" which is meant to indicate a quantity sufficient to cause at least some increased degree of flocculation of the metal oxide particles over that which would otherwise occur in the absence of the dispersing agent.
~ hen the present invention is utilized in the field of magnetic recording media, useful results are achieved. In such an application area it is customary to utilize a magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic carrier as well as a magnetizable coating which is provided on the carrier. The magnetizable coating comprises a binder, as well as a magnetic pigment which is maintained finely divided therein by means of a dispersing agent.
A typical carrier is manufactured from a synthetic resin, for example polyester or polyvinyl chloride, but may alternatively be paper, glass or metal. The carrier may have the shape of a tape, plate, disk, or the like. For the purpose of dispersing a magnetic pigment in a binder, it is believed that a suitable quantity of dispersing agent of the present invention is from about l to about lO percent, by weight, calculated on the weight of the magnetic pigment, preferably from about 2 to about 5 percent, by weight. Typical binders which are utilized include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate, polyester, polyester amides, polyurethanes and copolymers of at least two monomers selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, vinyl alcohol, vinyl butyral, and vinylidene chloride. Readily useful binders in particular are polyurethane and partially hydrolyzed copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate.
The magnetizable particles present in the binder are conventional and typically are, for example, iron powder, Fe203 particles, and CrO2 particles.
'10 96Vl To practice the present invention, by use of a ball mill, one may thoroughly mix the magnetizable particles, the dispersing agent of the present invention, and a part of the binder in a s~lven~ for the bin~r. The remainuer of the binder dissolved in a suitable solvent and a lubricant may then be added and the whole may be further ground in the ball mill for a few hours. Typical solvents for the binder include organic liquids, such as esters, for example ethyl acetate, ethers, for example tetrahydrofuran, ketones, for example methylethylketone, methylisobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone, hydocarbons, for example, toluene and chlorinated hydrocarbons, for example, 1,2-dichloroethane. Certainly, the mixing of the materials may be accomplished in one step in which all of the ingredients are simultaneously supplied to the ball mill. The quantity of magnetizable particles (pigment) is approximately 60 to 85 percent, by weight, calculated on the overall amount of the magnetizable coating. After thoroughly grinding the dispersion in the ball mill, the larger magnetizable particles may be sieved out and the resulting magnetizable coating provided on the carrier in a uniform layer. The whole structure may then be dried and the solvent evaporated and a recording layer having a thickness, for example, from about 2 to about 10 microns may remain on the carrier. The layer may be hardened, if desired, or may be subjected to a calendering process in which the surface of the layer becomes smoother.
The present invention will describe in further detail in the following non-limiting examples.
EXAMPLE I
In this example the utility of a compound of the present invention, 1-(N-tallowamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, as a suspending agent for iron oxide (Fe203) in cosmetic grade ~ 1~96Vl mineral oil is demonstrated and compared to the utility of a A" previously known suspending agent, Sarkosyl NL which chemically is sodium lauryl sarcosinate. As the Sarkosyl NL material is available in a 30Zo aqueous solution, two prior-art compositions 5 were utilized in the comparison, one representing the material as ~ 7 available in the 30% solution, and the other utilizing Sarkosyl NL
which had been first dried to produce a 100% active material. The components i n the systems were as fol 1 ows:
(1 ) 1% Fe203 (200-~00 mesh) ~2) 170 Fe203 ~
3.33% Sarkosyl NL (30%) 1% Sarkosyl NL (dried) 95 . 67% Mi neral Oi 1 98% Mineral Oil (3) 1% Fe203 (200-400 mesh) 1% 1-(N-tallowamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane 98% Mi neral Oi l Suspensions were first stirred for 48 hours, usins a ~g Teflon coated stirring bar and magnetic stirrer. The suspensions were then stored in sealed jars and not disturbed for the durationO
After one day, approximately 90% of the Fe203 in both samples 1 and 2 had settled out, while sample 3 was still in suspension.
After 4 weeks duration, approximately 60% of the Fe203 in sample 3 had settled out. Even after 8 weeks duration, notmore than 90% of the Fe203 had settled o.~t of sarnple 3, containing the complexing agent of the present invention.
EXAMPLE I I
In accordance with the procedure utilized in Example I~
several other complexing agents in accordance with the present invention were utilized in combination with 0.1~O Fe203 in mineral oil. The complexing agents utilized and the settling rates are shown in Table I. In Table I the settling rates are given in days and are broken down in accordance with the length of time needed to settle lG%, 50Z, and 90%, respectively, of the F e 2 0 3 i n t h e d i s p e r s i o n .
EXAMPLE III
Following the procedure of Examples I and II, several complexing agents of the present invention were utilized to ~. CrOa t~b~ complex CrO~ in mineral oil. Table II contains the results obtained in the same manner as in Table I.
Example IV
Following the procedure of Examples I and II, several complexing agents of the present invention were utilized to complex Sb203 in mineral oil. Table III contains the results obtained in the same manner as in Table I.
EXAMPLE V
The same procedure as utilized in Example I and II was used to complex TiO2 in mineral oil. The results are shown in Table III in the same manner as in Table I.
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This invention relates to a method for complexing metal oxide particles in an organic medium as well as to a method for dispersing or flocculating metal oxide particles in an organic medium. This invention also relates to a magnetic recording medium comprising a magnetic carrier and an improved magnetizable coating provided on said carrier.
Many end use applications require that certain metal oxide particles be complexed to achieve a desired effect such as `dispersing the particles in an organic medium. For example, in the recording industry, in order to achieve a useful magnetizable coating on a non-magnetic carrier, it is necessary to finely disperse magnetic pigments in a carrier by means of a binder.
Also, in the plastics industry, it is often necessary to uniformly~
disperse throughout a plastic an amount of a finely divided metal oxide such as antimony trioxide or antimony pentoxide. In order to achieve uniform stable dispersions of such metal oxides in organic media, it is necessary to utilize an effective amount of a complexing agent which in that application functions as dispersing agent. Dispersing agents which have been used in the past include, for example, N-acylsarcosine derivatives, as taught in U.S. Patent No. 4,153,754. Also, for purposes similar to that disclosed in the aforementioned patent, it is known to use compounds such as N-tallow-l,3-diamino propane, especially in the form of its dioleate salt.
An object of the present invention is to provide improved complexing agents for use in dispersing or flocculating finely divided metal oxide particles in organic media.
The foregoing and other objects will become apparent from the following description of the invention.
~1~9601 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
There has now been discovered a method for complexing finely divi~ed ~eta7 ox;de particles ;,l a,l organic medium comprising incorporating into said medium an effective amount of a complexing agent of the formula:
R~ , R5 ,N C - C ~\
R2~ 1 I R6 wherein Rl is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and ;alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups !containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms and aryl groups .containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms substituted with one or more ;alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from l to 22 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -(CH2CH20)nH, wherein n is an integer from l to lO, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from l to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from l to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to lO carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from l to 22 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, and -CH2CH3; and Rs and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, and -(CH2CH20)nH wherein n is an integer from l to lO.
,. 3 !. .
The present invention also provided a magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic carrier and a magnetizable ~oatin~ prc~ ed ~n said carrier, said magnetizable ~oating comprising a binder and magnetic pigments finely dispersed therein by means of a dispersing agent, said dispersing agent being a compound of the formula:
Rl I I ,R5 - N - C - C N
R2~ l I P~6 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -(CH2CH20)nH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, and -CH2CH3; and Rs and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, and -(CH2CH20)nH wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10.
. .
~9601 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As indicated, the present invention provides improved complexing agents. Said compiexing agents be10ng to a class of compounds of the following formula:
Rl l l , R5 > N C--C N
With respect to the foregoing formula, Rl may be selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferably R1 is a long-chain alkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms. R1 may therefore be any long-chain alkyl group3 such as those derived from naturally occuring fats and oils such as cocoa, tallow, and soya. The Rl group may also represent an aryl group containing from about 4 to about 10 carbon atoms or an alkyl or alkenyl group as defined above substituted with one or more of such aryl groups, such as a phenylstearic group. Likewise the aforementioned aryl group may be substituted with an alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms. The R2 group is independently selected from hydrogen, -(CH2CH20)nH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10, and the same group dS
Indicated for R1, but-wherein the alkyl and alkenyl groups may contain from 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
~1~9601 When reference is made in the present application to an aryt group, the ~rm should be understood to include any a~olnatic system meeting the specified criteria, such as having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms. The aryl group may therefore include hetero atoms such as, nitrogen, sufpher, and oxygen as part of the aromatic group.
The R3 and R4 groups are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3 and -CH2CH3.
Preferably R3 and R4 are both methyl. The Rs and R6 groups are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen -CH3,-CH2CH3, and -(CH2CH20)n, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 11. Preferably, Rs and R6 are hydrogen.
The most preferable class of compounds is represented by`
the foregoing formula wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably from about 8 to about 18, and most preferably it is derived from tallow, R2 is hydrogen, R3 and R4 are both methyl, and Rs and R6 are both hydrogen. The most preferable compound is therefore l-(N-tallowamino)-2-alnino-2-methyl propane.
Other compounds which are useful in the practice of the present invention include l-(N-dodecylamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, l-(N-phenylstearylamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, ~ l~g601 l-(benzyl-N-tallow amino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, l-(N-morpholino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, l-(N-di-n-butyl amino)-2-amino2-methyl propane, l-(tallow-N-ethanolamino)-Z-diethanolamino2-methyl propane, l-~methy~ N-oc~adecyl amino)-2amino-2-methyl propane, l-(N-n-butyl amino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, and l-(N- eicosylamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane.
The compounds of the present invention may be synthesized in accordance with chemical techniques known to those skilled in the art. One may refer for guidance to A. G. Johnson, JACS. 68,14(1946).
To prepare the N-tallow-2-methyl-1,2-propane-diamine utilized in the present invention, one may, for example, react 393 grams of primary tallow amine with 147 grams of nitropropane in a ~ ~ .
t~ one-liter stainless steel stirred Parr autoclave heated to 90C.
121 grams of formalin (37Y) may be added under pressure and the reaction mixture heated at 90C for approximately six hours to obtain 95YO of the desired nitro-intermediate. 500 grams of the intermediate may then be reacted with hydrogen utilizing 22.5 grams of nickel catalyst and 35 grams of a filter aid, in a rn~
one-liter stainless steel, stirred Parr autoclave. The hydrogenation may be accomplished at 60C, 1000 psig hydrogen for sever hours. The product may contain approximately 83~ of the desired diamine and 15% of the corresponding monoamine.
As used herein and in the appended claims, the term "complexing" is used to mean any chemical, physical or other interaction between the complexing agent of the present invention and the metal oxide particle being complexed to cause a chemical, physical or other association to occur between the complexing agent and the metal oxide particle. The formation of true organo-metallic complexes is thus not necessary.
-- .. . . , . ~ , ~149~01 In the present application and the appended claims the term "dispersing" is meant to include physically stablizing the metal oxide particles against either settling, in the case of liquid~ sUcpensions~; nr migrating, as in the case of metal oxides which are dispersed throughout a polymeric material. The term "flocculating" is used to mean precipitation, a~glomerationor other physical association of the metal oxide particles so as to form a recognized increased density of the metal oxide particles.
The organic medium which is utilized in the present process may vary widely and includes liquid and solid organic substances in which finely divided metal oxide particles are incorporated. Thus, useful organic media may include organic liquids, such as mineral oil, synthetic oils, petroleum oils, and typical organic solvents such as methylethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, and toluene. Of course, mixtures of various organic materials may be utilized as the organic medium for the purpose of practicing the present invention. For example, a mixture l:l:l of methylethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, and toluene may be utilized.
With respect to the finely divided metal oxide particles which are useful in the practice of the present invention, typically particles having sizes from about O.Ol microns to about lO0 microns are useful in the practice of the present invention when dispersion of the particles is desired. Such particles may have any physical shape, regular or irregular. Thus such particles may be spherical or may be acicular such as Fe203 and CrO2 particles which genera!ly have a length of about O.l to l.0 micron and a thickness of about O.Ol to about 0.2 micron. The type of metal oxide particles utilized is not critical. Thus, for examplej,-the metal oxide particles may be any of the known oxides of iron, nickel, copper, vanadium, molybdenum, uranium, mercury, ~ cl n tilnony ~ chromium, magnesium, titanium, and rn~KI~ as well as others.
,. .
In the practice of the present invention the complexing agent may exist solely in the form identified by the formula hereinabove. The complexing agent may also exist in a wholly or parttal~y neutralized torm. lhus, dS the complexing agents of the present invention are diamines, they may be wholly or partially neutralized with acids, preferably fatty acids, such as oleic acid. Thus, for every mole of diamine present, the complexing agent may exist as either the mono- or di- salt thereof. An especially useful dispersing agent appears to be N-tallow-2-methyl-1,2-propane-diamine dioleate.
When the complexing agent is to function as a dispersing agent the actual quantity of dispersing agent utilized for dispersing finely divided metal oxides in any particular organic medium will depend greatly upon many factors such as the size of the metal oxide particles, the type of metal oxide particles, the quantity of metal oxide particles present, and the nature of the organic medium in which the metal oxide particles are to be dispersed. In any event, the amount of dispersing agent present should be an effective amount. By the term "effective amount"
there is meant a quantity of dispersing agent sufficient to at least partially stablilize the metal oxide particles in the medium against settling or migration. The amount need not be sufficient to maintain the finely divided metal particles dispersed throughout the organic medium indefinitely, but simply sufficient to increase the stability of the system over that which would otherwise be obtained without the presence of the dispersing agent.
When the complexing agent is to function as a flocculating agent, again the quantity utilized will also depend upon the factors outlined above with respect to dispersing agents.
' '9 , I
960~
The amount utilized should he an "effective amount" which is meant to indicate a quantity sufficient to cause at least some increased degree of flocculation of the metal oxide particles over that which would otherwise occur in the absence of the dispersing agent.
~ hen the present invention is utilized in the field of magnetic recording media, useful results are achieved. In such an application area it is customary to utilize a magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic carrier as well as a magnetizable coating which is provided on the carrier. The magnetizable coating comprises a binder, as well as a magnetic pigment which is maintained finely divided therein by means of a dispersing agent.
A typical carrier is manufactured from a synthetic resin, for example polyester or polyvinyl chloride, but may alternatively be paper, glass or metal. The carrier may have the shape of a tape, plate, disk, or the like. For the purpose of dispersing a magnetic pigment in a binder, it is believed that a suitable quantity of dispersing agent of the present invention is from about l to about lO percent, by weight, calculated on the weight of the magnetic pigment, preferably from about 2 to about 5 percent, by weight. Typical binders which are utilized include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate, polyester, polyester amides, polyurethanes and copolymers of at least two monomers selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, vinyl alcohol, vinyl butyral, and vinylidene chloride. Readily useful binders in particular are polyurethane and partially hydrolyzed copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate.
The magnetizable particles present in the binder are conventional and typically are, for example, iron powder, Fe203 particles, and CrO2 particles.
'10 96Vl To practice the present invention, by use of a ball mill, one may thoroughly mix the magnetizable particles, the dispersing agent of the present invention, and a part of the binder in a s~lven~ for the bin~r. The remainuer of the binder dissolved in a suitable solvent and a lubricant may then be added and the whole may be further ground in the ball mill for a few hours. Typical solvents for the binder include organic liquids, such as esters, for example ethyl acetate, ethers, for example tetrahydrofuran, ketones, for example methylethylketone, methylisobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone, hydocarbons, for example, toluene and chlorinated hydrocarbons, for example, 1,2-dichloroethane. Certainly, the mixing of the materials may be accomplished in one step in which all of the ingredients are simultaneously supplied to the ball mill. The quantity of magnetizable particles (pigment) is approximately 60 to 85 percent, by weight, calculated on the overall amount of the magnetizable coating. After thoroughly grinding the dispersion in the ball mill, the larger magnetizable particles may be sieved out and the resulting magnetizable coating provided on the carrier in a uniform layer. The whole structure may then be dried and the solvent evaporated and a recording layer having a thickness, for example, from about 2 to about 10 microns may remain on the carrier. The layer may be hardened, if desired, or may be subjected to a calendering process in which the surface of the layer becomes smoother.
The present invention will describe in further detail in the following non-limiting examples.
EXAMPLE I
In this example the utility of a compound of the present invention, 1-(N-tallowamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, as a suspending agent for iron oxide (Fe203) in cosmetic grade ~ 1~96Vl mineral oil is demonstrated and compared to the utility of a A" previously known suspending agent, Sarkosyl NL which chemically is sodium lauryl sarcosinate. As the Sarkosyl NL material is available in a 30Zo aqueous solution, two prior-art compositions 5 were utilized in the comparison, one representing the material as ~ 7 available in the 30% solution, and the other utilizing Sarkosyl NL
which had been first dried to produce a 100% active material. The components i n the systems were as fol 1 ows:
(1 ) 1% Fe203 (200-~00 mesh) ~2) 170 Fe203 ~
3.33% Sarkosyl NL (30%) 1% Sarkosyl NL (dried) 95 . 67% Mi neral Oi 1 98% Mineral Oil (3) 1% Fe203 (200-400 mesh) 1% 1-(N-tallowamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane 98% Mi neral Oi l Suspensions were first stirred for 48 hours, usins a ~g Teflon coated stirring bar and magnetic stirrer. The suspensions were then stored in sealed jars and not disturbed for the durationO
After one day, approximately 90% of the Fe203 in both samples 1 and 2 had settled out, while sample 3 was still in suspension.
After 4 weeks duration, approximately 60% of the Fe203 in sample 3 had settled out. Even after 8 weeks duration, notmore than 90% of the Fe203 had settled o.~t of sarnple 3, containing the complexing agent of the present invention.
EXAMPLE I I
In accordance with the procedure utilized in Example I~
several other complexing agents in accordance with the present invention were utilized in combination with 0.1~O Fe203 in mineral oil. The complexing agents utilized and the settling rates are shown in Table I. In Table I the settling rates are given in days and are broken down in accordance with the length of time needed to settle lG%, 50Z, and 90%, respectively, of the F e 2 0 3 i n t h e d i s p e r s i o n .
EXAMPLE III
Following the procedure of Examples I and II, several complexing agents of the present invention were utilized to ~. CrOa t~b~ complex CrO~ in mineral oil. Table II contains the results obtained in the same manner as in Table I.
Example IV
Following the procedure of Examples I and II, several complexing agents of the present invention were utilized to complex Sb203 in mineral oil. Table III contains the results obtained in the same manner as in Table I.
EXAMPLE V
The same procedure as utilized in Example I and II was used to complex TiO2 in mineral oil. The results are shown in Table III in the same manner as in Table I.
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~9601 From the foregoing tables it is evident that some of the complexing agents of the present invention are effective at A s~qbi~fy increasing the dispersion stablility of Fe203 in mineral oil over the same system withou~ d ~Isp~rslng agent, wnereas others, 1-(N-morpholino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, are effective at flocculating Fe203 in mineral oil.
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~9601 From the foregoing tables it is evident that some of the complexing agents of the present invention are effective at A s~qbi~fy increasing the dispersion stablility of Fe203 in mineral oil over the same system withou~ d ~Isp~rslng agent, wnereas others, 1-(N-morpholino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, are effective at flocculating Fe203 in mineral oil.
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Claims (8)
1. A method for complexing metal oxide particles in an organic medium comprising incorporating into said medium an effective amount of a complexing agent of the formula:
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -(CH2CH2O)nH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, and -CH2CH3; and R5 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, and -(CH2CH2O)nH wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10.
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -(CH2CH2O)nH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, and -CH2CH3; and R5 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, and -(CH2CH2O)nH wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the complexing agent functions as a dispersing agent.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the complexing agent functions as a flocculating agent.
4. The method of claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein the complexing agent is selected from the group consisting of 1-(N-tallowamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(N-dodecylamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(N-phenylstearylamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(benzyl-N-tallow amino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(N-morpholino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(N-di-n-butyl amino)-2-amino2-methyl propane, 1-(tallow-N-ethanolamino)-2-diethanolamino2-methyl propane, 1-(methyl-N-octadecyl amino)-2amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(N-n-butyl amino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, and 1-(N- eicosylamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane.
5. The method of claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein the complexing agent is 1-(N-tallowamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane.
6. A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic carrier and a magnetizable coating provided on said carrier, said magnetizable coating comprising a binder and magnetic pigments finely dispersed therein by means of a dispersing agent, said dispersing agent being a compound of the formula:
i wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl grouPs containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl group containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more dl kyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -(CH2CH2O)nH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, and -CH2CH3; and R5 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, and -(CH2CH2O)nH wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10.
i wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 4 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl grouPs containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl group containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more dl kyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -(CH2CH2O)nH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl and alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms substituted with one or more aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, and -CH2CH3; and R5 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, and -(CH2CH2O)nH wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10.
7. The medium of claim 6 wherein the dispersing agent is selected from the group consisting of 1-(N-tallowamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(N-dodecylamino)-2amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(N-phenylstearylamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(benzyl-N-tallow amino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(N-morpholino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(N-di-n-butyl amino)-2-amino2-methyl propane, 1-(tallow-N-ethanolamino)-2-diethanolamino2-methyl propane, 1-(methyl-N-octadecyl amino)-2amino-2-methyl propane, 1-(N-n-butyl amino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane, and l-(N- eicosylamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane.
8. The medium of claim 6 wherein the dispersing agent is 1-(N-tallowamino)-2-amino-2-methyl propane.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11827080A | 1980-02-05 | 1980-02-05 | |
US118,270 | 1980-02-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA1149601A true CA1149601A (en) | 1983-07-12 |
Family
ID=22377552
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CA000369531A Expired CA1149601A (en) | 1980-02-05 | 1981-01-28 | Method for complexing metal oxide particles in an organic medium |
Country Status (4)
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---|---|
JP (1) | JPS56131685A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1149601A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3103460A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL8100504A (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4604222A (en) * | 1985-05-21 | 1986-08-05 | Ferrofluidics Corporation | Stable ferrofluid composition and method of making and using same |
-
1981
- 1981-01-28 CA CA000369531A patent/CA1149601A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-02 DE DE19813103460 patent/DE3103460A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-02-03 NL NL8100504A patent/NL8100504A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-02-05 JP JP1625781A patent/JPS56131685A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPS56131685A (en) | 1981-10-15 |
NL8100504A (en) | 1981-09-01 |
DE3103460A1 (en) | 1981-12-03 |
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