CA1146379A - Subcircular type rotor - Google Patents
Subcircular type rotorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1146379A CA1146379A CA000352848A CA352848A CA1146379A CA 1146379 A CA1146379 A CA 1146379A CA 000352848 A CA000352848 A CA 000352848A CA 352848 A CA352848 A CA 352848A CA 1146379 A CA1146379 A CA 1146379A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- webs
- rotor
- rim
- hub
- subcircular
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B5/00—Clamps
- B25B5/14—Clamps for work of special profile
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/30—Flywheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2231/00—Details of chucks, toolholder shanks or tool shanks
- B23B2231/20—Collet chucks
- B23B2231/2002—Collets having blade-like jaws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2231/00—Details of chucks, toolholder shanks or tool shanks
- B23B2231/20—Collet chucks
- B23B2231/2048—Collets comprising inserts
- B23B2231/2062—Inserts mechanically clamped in the collet
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A subcircular type rotor is disclosed comprising an axial central hub, radial webs supported by the central hub and each including a mass localised at the outer end of the web which mass constitutes the major part of the total mass of the web, and a subcircular rim supported on the webs, wherein the radius of curvature of the sectors of the rim between each pair of consecutive webs is greater than the outer radius of the webs and the size of the localised masses is selected so that the centrifugal force that they exert when the rotor rotates counteracts the radial compressive force which the subcircular rim exerts on each web inwardly towards the hub when the rotor is stationary, In a rotor according to the present invention, the radial stresses exerted on each web may advantageously be reduced as compared to prior art rotors.
A subcircular type rotor is disclosed comprising an axial central hub, radial webs supported by the central hub and each including a mass localised at the outer end of the web which mass constitutes the major part of the total mass of the web, and a subcircular rim supported on the webs, wherein the radius of curvature of the sectors of the rim between each pair of consecutive webs is greater than the outer radius of the webs and the size of the localised masses is selected so that the centrifugal force that they exert when the rotor rotates counteracts the radial compressive force which the subcircular rim exerts on each web inwardly towards the hub when the rotor is stationary, In a rotor according to the present invention, the radial stresses exerted on each web may advantageously be reduced as compared to prior art rotors.
Description
1~q;63~9 BACKGROUND AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to subcircular rotors, that is to say those for which the rotation induces them to stretch towards circularity without however achieving it, and it relates more particularly to a rotor of this type used as an inertia wheel for energy storage/recovery uses.
Subcircular rotors were disclosed for the first time by Applicant in his French patent N 70 o8394 of 9 March 1970 which shows a . wall - web - hub rotor characterised in that it comprises an outer wall supported on radial webs integral with an axial central hub, the curvature radius of sectors of said wall between two consecutive webs being higher than the outer radius of said webs in such a way that during rotation the application radius has the tendency of approaching said outer radius of the webs under the effect of the centrifugal force, the application of the wall to the webs constituting a hub-webs-wall assembly of very high rigidity.
In the invention described in the above-mentioned patent, the radial forces e~certed by the wall on the webs are relatively low and can be withstood by the webs forming a light one-piece unit with thehlb ; this is not the case when the radial forces become considerable in an arrangement of the rotor as an inertia wheel in which the rim is thic1c.
In such a case, in fact, the webs must withstand con-siderable radial compressive stresses, which involves a larsesize of the latter, no~ably to withstand the effects of bucklin~.
The mass which results from such dimensions constitutes a useless dcad-weight whicn does not contribute to rendering ., 1 ~
114f~;37~
su~c cular rotors effective in the aoove-mentioned inertia wheel confor~ations. In addition, a second problem subsequent to the first resides in the realisation of balancing means of a subcircular rotor which, according to the concept of the invent-ion of said prior patent does not raise any particular difficultybut which, in the configuration proposed as an inertia wheel in the present invention, constitutes on the contrary a major problem which is difficult to solve.
In fact, the placing of the inertial axis of a rotor in strict and permanent coincidence with the axis of rotation remains one of the most difficult problems to resolve.
In addition, in his Canadian patent application 334.155 filed 21 August 1979th~ Ap~cant described a constantly circular rim, statically and dynamically balanced by the action of electromechanical means acting differentially on the localised masses and this, from suitable detectors.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method consisting, in the first place, of constructing as an ass~mb~ed structure, hence not one-piece, the hub-web which receives, in support, the wall ~a subcircular rim.
Such a method enables the application of a mass placed at the end of each web, such that the centrifugal force undergone by this mass counters the radial compressive force that this subcircular rim tends to exert on this rim, in the direction of the a~is of rotation.
Besides this esYential feature, the method according to the invention consists in the second place, of st~tically and dynamicall~ balancingr the subcircular ro-tor by the fact of the action of mean~ acting difterenti~lly on the masses this from _ _ _ . , . .. . . . _ ., _ ~14~379 suitable detectors.
In the third place, the method according to the invention provides for distributing between the webs,the pressure exerted by said rim to reduce the fatigue of the material with which it is constituted. Elastic support means may be provided for this purpose between the subcircular rim and the webs.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description which follows,given with re~erence to the accompanying drawing, of preferred embodiments to be taken purely as non-limiting examples.
~RIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRANINGS
In the drawings :
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view in partial radial section showing the behavior of a design of inertia wheel with a thick rim, on webs forming a light one-piece unit with the hub ;
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view in partial radial cross-section of a rotor according to the present invention ;
Figure 3 is a partial perspective view showing a possible arrangement of the various elements for the application of the invention in an inertia wheel ;
Figure 4 is a view in partial axial section along the line of IV-IV of Figure 3 ;
and Figure 5 is a perspective view with parts torn away, of a modification of the enbo~ment of a rotor according to the invention.
1~63~9 DESCRIPTION ~ PX~FER~E~ Er~BODII~NTS
The principle itself of subcircularity derived from the aforesaid French patent N 70 08394, is reviewed with reference to Figure 1.
A subcircular rotor includes hence essentially a one-piece unit- formed from a core 3 fast to webs 2 as well as to a wall 1A of a rim applied to said webs but in a conformation according to which the portions of wall between the webs re-ma1n constantly subcircular, that is to say within the circle passin~ through the tops of the webs along the radius R and beyond a limit close to a polygon defined by these same tops.
On rotation, the force F ( which normally results from the expression 2acos~ in which, for a given rim cross-section, 6~represents the allowable tensile stress of the constituent material of the rim and ~ the angle formed by each wall tangent in line with each web) is variable, radial and directed towards the axis of rotation XX'.
Thus, when the rotary speed~increases, the angle ~
tends toward ~' = 90 whilst its cosine decreases, resulting for this reason in a variation of the force F until it reaches moreover theoretically, a nil value on circularity and, in this case, the web-rim bond is no longer ensured.
As has been previously mentioned, when each radial force F exerted by the wall 1A against each web 2 is relatively weak through the fact of the rim being of little thickness, the webs may be thin since the compressive forces to be with-stood are of small magnitude.
. .;
:
. .
1~6379 1 On the other hand, when the subcircular rim be-comes large in an inertia wheel configuration, the radial forces F also become large, which requires each web to be constructed to withstand buckling (shown along the arrow f in Figure 1), and the webs must consequently have a construction of massive aspect such as that shown in inter-rupted lines in this same Figure 1.
Such an adaptation of a hub-web one-piece unit does not permit optimisation of the inertia wheel to the extent that this unit is necessarily bulky and difficult to machine if some lightening is sought.
In addition, static and dynamic balancing of in-ertia wheels of this type is delicate if not impossible to carry out in the course of rotation since the wall lA of 15-- the rim 1 is applied to the webs 2 fast themselves to their hub 3.
Finally, the almost punctual support of the wall lA against the web.s results in the compressive forces existing in the rim are poorly distributed-between the webs, whence considerable fatigue of the constituent material of said rim; which fatigue is accentuated by the alternating flexions resulting from the variations in rotary speed.
The constructions of a subcircular rotor accord-ing to the invention enables all these drawbacks to be over-come.
In addition, inertial wheels thus optimised intheir performance can advantageously be applied conjointly with effective magnetic suspension means and wlth particular electro magnetic means for driving and restoring energy in electrical form.
~5--1~4~;~79 1 In accordance with Figure 2, the invention con-sists, essentially of a first means marked 100 as a whole, enabling the radial stresses in each web of the subcircular rotor to be reduced, a second means marked 200 as a whole 5 enabling the balancing of the rotor in the course of rota-tion and a third means marked 300 as a whole enabling the compressive forces to be distributed in the rim between each web.
According to this Figure 2, each web is no longer fast to the hub 3 but is supported against a bushing 102, itself fast to the hub 3, whilst appended axial guide means are provided through the radially slotted flanges 104 and 105. The radial guide means result from an axial groove formed in the bushing itself 102.
Each web can be either formed in a thin wall in the central portion of the rotor and include an extension of its mass towards the outer part, or constituted of several separate elements, such as for example a central element 101 and a terminal element 103, without the principle itself of the invention being however affected, the condition sine qua non being that each web is not fast to the hub as a whole.
This principle arriees from the fact that the masses of the web act, through their own centrifugal force F' = m~2r, so as to be subtracted from the compressive forces coming from the subcircular rim 1. -In a way and through the fact of convenient adjust-ment of the term F-F', it is possible to determine the re-sulting urging force on each web, which may be very much re-duced and lead to webs of small thickness; it being under-stood that these webs must however be dimensioned to enable the application of the rim in the absence of rotation.
Through its second means marked 200, the invention permits balancing of the rotor through the fact of the action of an electromechanical mechanism acting on elements connected to the webs by pushing or pulling the latter differentially.
By way of example, Figure 2 shows an electromechanical mechanism pushing on the webs differentially.
In the central portion of the hub 3 is arranged a tangential wheel 203 driven by a worm screw 202 coupled to a motor 204 and this wheel receives a threaded element 201 whose radially center ends on the hub are supported against the web 101 and the web opposite it.
A balance detector of any known type shown diagrammat-cally at 205 acts on the motor 204 to determine the value and the direction of rotation of the tange~t wheel 203.
Thus, according to the signals recieved from the detect-or 205 the motor 204 enables the movement in one direction or the other of the element 201, which, correlatively, pushes one or the other of the webs against which it is supported.
of course, it is possible to adopt a reverse configuration which p~duces moreover an identical res~t and according to which the element 201 is hooked after each we-b so that it is the effects, by pulling, which produce this time the desired result.
In other words, the electromechanical mechanism housed towards the rotary axis XX' allows the escape, in one direction or the other,of an element connected to two opposite webs, 11~tj379 so that the resulting differential action, whether by pulling or by pushing, leads to the desired balance.
A similar action on all the pairs of webs and in their axial end portions is of course necessary to arrive at complete balancing of the rotor along the rotary axis X-X'.
As a modification, the element 201 which is allowed to escape in one direction or the other can, without acting directly on the webs and by simple displacement, constitute, in itself, the desired balancing means, as will be seen in detail with reference to Figure 5 showing an embodiment of the invention.
According to a third means marked 300, in Figure 2, the invention enables distribution over a larger surface and between each web~of the compressive forces which e~ist in the rim.
To this end, an elastic blade 301 whose edges 9 will have been raised is interposed between the rim 1 and each web which enables, at the same time, distribution of the compres-sive forces by increasing the load on the inner layers, so as to reduce the radial stresses which develop there.
The embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4 is representa-tive of a design of subcircular rotor in accordance with the invention and according to which said rotor is constituted by a modular unit.
If necessary a group may be constituted by a stack cf modular units to constitute, for example, a long rotor in the direction of the rotary axis XX'.
In Figure 3, the subcircular rotor in accordance with 3~9 the invention includes essentially a rim 10 supported by its wall 10A against the webs referenced 12 as a whole ; said webs in any number but two as a minimum are, in this themselves constituted by a solid terminal element 12 A set in by a tenon-mortice joint in a central element 12B, and the webs are supported against a bushing 16 connected by any suitable kno~n means to the hub 3.
Bushing 16 is stopped axially by rings 17 and 18 gripping the flanges 13 and 14 to enable the transmission of torques between hub and rim, whilst the webs are held by bevel shoulders formed on the one hand in axial ~oove 16 A
of the bushing 16, and, on the other hand, in radial grooves 13A-14A formed in the flanges 13 and 14.
~langes 13 and 14 may include lightening recesses and subcircular winding 15 and 19 can permit them to withstand the centrifugal force which is applied to them.
The compressive force-distributing elastic means are represented by elastic blades 11, interposed between the wall 1OA and the webs 12.
~igure 4 shows essentially how the central element 12B of each web 12 can include a transverse complementary lightening in the form of a recess 12C.
Of course, these central elements could be broken into simpler elements so as then to constitute an assembly into a structural set, with the rim, the end portions of the webs or again elastic support means of the rim on said webs.
Such a modular design permits, for example, the appli-cation of the invention in numerous fields ranging from small ,.... ~
units for the storage and recovery of energy on a satellite up to large electrical ener~y regulating installations in supply systems.
It is self-evident that the n~b~ of webs ~h a minimum of t~o and their shape, the type of connection of the latter to the bushing and the type of integration of the masses, the constitution of elastic means, the design of the mass of the subcircular rim or its shape or the nature of its consti-tuent materials, whether they are of homogeneous or hetero-geneous nature (filiform, lamellar in coiled or superposedlayers including any suitable material) may be adapted as a fonction of the circumstances, to the extent that the expected resu.lt of the invention is obtained.
It has been seen previously that the balancing of the ~or might be obtained by acting differentially on the balancing element from data derived from detectors.
More particularly, it has been seen, with reference to Figure 2, that the balancing system can act directly on the webs, by pullin~ or pushing ; it could also act in traction without however acting directly on the webs.
In addition, it has been seen, with reference to Figures 3 and 4, how a rotor according to the invention could be constituted of modular units enabling the application of the invention in numerous fields.
There will now be described, with reference to Figure 5, another possible modification of the invention which has certaln significant advantages among which may be mentioned that it enables the constitution of a hub-web system O
1146~79 which is as light and economical as possible;
which minii~lises static and d~namic unbalance ;
s~hich is compatible with the passage in its center of an axle or hub which is ge~lerally necessary when the rotor is associated with a magnetic suspension and with a generating motor ;
which facilitates the constitution of modular units.
The hub-web system concerned is formed from two webs or radial arms denoted by the general reference numbers 20A
and 20B and constituted by cruciform caissons.
More precisely, they comprise longitudinal members 21A, 22A for one and 21B, 22B for the other. These members are hollow and their height in the central area where they cross is one half of their height on the outer portions.
On the other hand, the thickness of these members is increased in the central zone where their height is reduced so that the elements constituting the caiss~ns have a constant cross-section in spite of the crossing of the arms.
In addition, the longitudinal members 21A, 22A on the one hand, and the longitudinal members 21B, 22B on the other hand, are held relative to forces that they undergo in directions perpendicular to their respective lengths by cruciform plates such as 23 and 24, the first one being shos~n partially. In order to reduce'the longitudinal stress in the central zone~ the cross-section of the plates can be widened in this zone as shos~n at 25.
Four masses 26, 2~, 28, and 29 are localised, in accordance with the invention, at the respective ends of the .
.
~46379 radial arms 20A and 20B. ~hese masses may advantageously include a radial extension such as 30, which enables the mass of the rim 10 whose height correspond~to the modular element thus formed;to be supported.
It is obvious that the modular elements of the same nature are stacked to constitute a complete rotor, the connection between the various elements being effected, for example, by gluing, which is particularly suited to the utilis~tion of K~LVAR (T~ K) A composite materials surh as glass resin, ~ resin, carbon resin etc...
When the modular element also constituted by these cruciform arms is of composite materials of the wire or filament - type (like that appearing notably in the torn off portion reference 31 of the longitudinal member 22B for example), all conventional processes for the application of conventional materials are obviously applicable and in particular, layer up or winding to constit~e the longitudinal members, the plates and the complementary parts.
It is obvious, moreover, that when the plates such as 23 and 24 are pierced to allow the hub 3 to paas through, the flanges surrounding the whole may be reinforced by glueing or suitable fixing of an element as an overthickness to constitute the constant cross-section.
It will be apparent immediately from ~igure 5 that the end masses 26, 27, 28 and 29 may be wider than in the preceding embodiments due to the constitution of the radial arms as a cais~on and may have also a greater support surface and conse-quently ensure better distribution between the arms of the pressure e~erted by the rim 10. Clearly, these end masses may also include elastic complementary lateral plates 11, as in the preceding embodiments.
Of course, the shape of these masses is defined so that, at the maximum rotary speed, the centrifugal force F' of the support mass concerned, 27 for example, substantially balances the resultant F of the forces applied by the rim 10 on said mass 27 and corresponding arm 20A. In any case, the term F-F' is adjusted so that the resulting force from this difference is directed towards the axis XX' and so that the rim-web-hub assembly is firmly fastened and co~tititues a unit of great rigidity.
As regards the balancing of the rotor, there is ~hown diagrammatically in Figure 5 a possible principle of construction with a cruciform arm rotor such as has just been described.
Due to the boxed form of the arm 20A and 20B, and the prPsence of the hub 3, it is possible to connect support masses 26, 27, 28 and 29 by respective cables 32 for the mass 26, 23 for-the mass 27, 34 for the mass 28 and 35 for the mass 29,to a control device, of any known type denoted by the general reference 36 capable of acting differentially in traction on one or other of the masses 26 or 27 of the arm 20A for the cables 32 or 33 and, on one or other of the masses 28 or 29 of the arm 20B by the cables 34 or3~ But of course, balancing aetectors of any known type of which one is shown diagrammatically at 205, provide the necessary data to the control device 36 so that the latter may act, as a function of said data, dif- -ferentially on the opposite masses 26 and 27 of the arm 20A
11~6379 and on the opposite masses 28 and 29 of the arm 20~ so that the balancing of the whole of the rotor is achieved dynamically.
In general, the inven-tion has only been described and shown by way of preferred example and equivalents could be introduced into its constituent elements without however departing from its scope, which is defined in the appended claims.
The present invention relates to subcircular rotors, that is to say those for which the rotation induces them to stretch towards circularity without however achieving it, and it relates more particularly to a rotor of this type used as an inertia wheel for energy storage/recovery uses.
Subcircular rotors were disclosed for the first time by Applicant in his French patent N 70 o8394 of 9 March 1970 which shows a . wall - web - hub rotor characterised in that it comprises an outer wall supported on radial webs integral with an axial central hub, the curvature radius of sectors of said wall between two consecutive webs being higher than the outer radius of said webs in such a way that during rotation the application radius has the tendency of approaching said outer radius of the webs under the effect of the centrifugal force, the application of the wall to the webs constituting a hub-webs-wall assembly of very high rigidity.
In the invention described in the above-mentioned patent, the radial forces e~certed by the wall on the webs are relatively low and can be withstood by the webs forming a light one-piece unit with thehlb ; this is not the case when the radial forces become considerable in an arrangement of the rotor as an inertia wheel in which the rim is thic1c.
In such a case, in fact, the webs must withstand con-siderable radial compressive stresses, which involves a larsesize of the latter, no~ably to withstand the effects of bucklin~.
The mass which results from such dimensions constitutes a useless dcad-weight whicn does not contribute to rendering ., 1 ~
114f~;37~
su~c cular rotors effective in the aoove-mentioned inertia wheel confor~ations. In addition, a second problem subsequent to the first resides in the realisation of balancing means of a subcircular rotor which, according to the concept of the invent-ion of said prior patent does not raise any particular difficultybut which, in the configuration proposed as an inertia wheel in the present invention, constitutes on the contrary a major problem which is difficult to solve.
In fact, the placing of the inertial axis of a rotor in strict and permanent coincidence with the axis of rotation remains one of the most difficult problems to resolve.
In addition, in his Canadian patent application 334.155 filed 21 August 1979th~ Ap~cant described a constantly circular rim, statically and dynamically balanced by the action of electromechanical means acting differentially on the localised masses and this, from suitable detectors.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method consisting, in the first place, of constructing as an ass~mb~ed structure, hence not one-piece, the hub-web which receives, in support, the wall ~a subcircular rim.
Such a method enables the application of a mass placed at the end of each web, such that the centrifugal force undergone by this mass counters the radial compressive force that this subcircular rim tends to exert on this rim, in the direction of the a~is of rotation.
Besides this esYential feature, the method according to the invention consists in the second place, of st~tically and dynamicall~ balancingr the subcircular ro-tor by the fact of the action of mean~ acting difterenti~lly on the masses this from _ _ _ . , . .. . . . _ ., _ ~14~379 suitable detectors.
In the third place, the method according to the invention provides for distributing between the webs,the pressure exerted by said rim to reduce the fatigue of the material with which it is constituted. Elastic support means may be provided for this purpose between the subcircular rim and the webs.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description which follows,given with re~erence to the accompanying drawing, of preferred embodiments to be taken purely as non-limiting examples.
~RIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRANINGS
In the drawings :
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view in partial radial section showing the behavior of a design of inertia wheel with a thick rim, on webs forming a light one-piece unit with the hub ;
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view in partial radial cross-section of a rotor according to the present invention ;
Figure 3 is a partial perspective view showing a possible arrangement of the various elements for the application of the invention in an inertia wheel ;
Figure 4 is a view in partial axial section along the line of IV-IV of Figure 3 ;
and Figure 5 is a perspective view with parts torn away, of a modification of the enbo~ment of a rotor according to the invention.
1~63~9 DESCRIPTION ~ PX~FER~E~ Er~BODII~NTS
The principle itself of subcircularity derived from the aforesaid French patent N 70 08394, is reviewed with reference to Figure 1.
A subcircular rotor includes hence essentially a one-piece unit- formed from a core 3 fast to webs 2 as well as to a wall 1A of a rim applied to said webs but in a conformation according to which the portions of wall between the webs re-ma1n constantly subcircular, that is to say within the circle passin~ through the tops of the webs along the radius R and beyond a limit close to a polygon defined by these same tops.
On rotation, the force F ( which normally results from the expression 2acos~ in which, for a given rim cross-section, 6~represents the allowable tensile stress of the constituent material of the rim and ~ the angle formed by each wall tangent in line with each web) is variable, radial and directed towards the axis of rotation XX'.
Thus, when the rotary speed~increases, the angle ~
tends toward ~' = 90 whilst its cosine decreases, resulting for this reason in a variation of the force F until it reaches moreover theoretically, a nil value on circularity and, in this case, the web-rim bond is no longer ensured.
As has been previously mentioned, when each radial force F exerted by the wall 1A against each web 2 is relatively weak through the fact of the rim being of little thickness, the webs may be thin since the compressive forces to be with-stood are of small magnitude.
. .;
:
. .
1~6379 1 On the other hand, when the subcircular rim be-comes large in an inertia wheel configuration, the radial forces F also become large, which requires each web to be constructed to withstand buckling (shown along the arrow f in Figure 1), and the webs must consequently have a construction of massive aspect such as that shown in inter-rupted lines in this same Figure 1.
Such an adaptation of a hub-web one-piece unit does not permit optimisation of the inertia wheel to the extent that this unit is necessarily bulky and difficult to machine if some lightening is sought.
In addition, static and dynamic balancing of in-ertia wheels of this type is delicate if not impossible to carry out in the course of rotation since the wall lA of 15-- the rim 1 is applied to the webs 2 fast themselves to their hub 3.
Finally, the almost punctual support of the wall lA against the web.s results in the compressive forces existing in the rim are poorly distributed-between the webs, whence considerable fatigue of the constituent material of said rim; which fatigue is accentuated by the alternating flexions resulting from the variations in rotary speed.
The constructions of a subcircular rotor accord-ing to the invention enables all these drawbacks to be over-come.
In addition, inertial wheels thus optimised intheir performance can advantageously be applied conjointly with effective magnetic suspension means and wlth particular electro magnetic means for driving and restoring energy in electrical form.
~5--1~4~;~79 1 In accordance with Figure 2, the invention con-sists, essentially of a first means marked 100 as a whole, enabling the radial stresses in each web of the subcircular rotor to be reduced, a second means marked 200 as a whole 5 enabling the balancing of the rotor in the course of rota-tion and a third means marked 300 as a whole enabling the compressive forces to be distributed in the rim between each web.
According to this Figure 2, each web is no longer fast to the hub 3 but is supported against a bushing 102, itself fast to the hub 3, whilst appended axial guide means are provided through the radially slotted flanges 104 and 105. The radial guide means result from an axial groove formed in the bushing itself 102.
Each web can be either formed in a thin wall in the central portion of the rotor and include an extension of its mass towards the outer part, or constituted of several separate elements, such as for example a central element 101 and a terminal element 103, without the principle itself of the invention being however affected, the condition sine qua non being that each web is not fast to the hub as a whole.
This principle arriees from the fact that the masses of the web act, through their own centrifugal force F' = m~2r, so as to be subtracted from the compressive forces coming from the subcircular rim 1. -In a way and through the fact of convenient adjust-ment of the term F-F', it is possible to determine the re-sulting urging force on each web, which may be very much re-duced and lead to webs of small thickness; it being under-stood that these webs must however be dimensioned to enable the application of the rim in the absence of rotation.
Through its second means marked 200, the invention permits balancing of the rotor through the fact of the action of an electromechanical mechanism acting on elements connected to the webs by pushing or pulling the latter differentially.
By way of example, Figure 2 shows an electromechanical mechanism pushing on the webs differentially.
In the central portion of the hub 3 is arranged a tangential wheel 203 driven by a worm screw 202 coupled to a motor 204 and this wheel receives a threaded element 201 whose radially center ends on the hub are supported against the web 101 and the web opposite it.
A balance detector of any known type shown diagrammat-cally at 205 acts on the motor 204 to determine the value and the direction of rotation of the tange~t wheel 203.
Thus, according to the signals recieved from the detect-or 205 the motor 204 enables the movement in one direction or the other of the element 201, which, correlatively, pushes one or the other of the webs against which it is supported.
of course, it is possible to adopt a reverse configuration which p~duces moreover an identical res~t and according to which the element 201 is hooked after each we-b so that it is the effects, by pulling, which produce this time the desired result.
In other words, the electromechanical mechanism housed towards the rotary axis XX' allows the escape, in one direction or the other,of an element connected to two opposite webs, 11~tj379 so that the resulting differential action, whether by pulling or by pushing, leads to the desired balance.
A similar action on all the pairs of webs and in their axial end portions is of course necessary to arrive at complete balancing of the rotor along the rotary axis X-X'.
As a modification, the element 201 which is allowed to escape in one direction or the other can, without acting directly on the webs and by simple displacement, constitute, in itself, the desired balancing means, as will be seen in detail with reference to Figure 5 showing an embodiment of the invention.
According to a third means marked 300, in Figure 2, the invention enables distribution over a larger surface and between each web~of the compressive forces which e~ist in the rim.
To this end, an elastic blade 301 whose edges 9 will have been raised is interposed between the rim 1 and each web which enables, at the same time, distribution of the compres-sive forces by increasing the load on the inner layers, so as to reduce the radial stresses which develop there.
The embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4 is representa-tive of a design of subcircular rotor in accordance with the invention and according to which said rotor is constituted by a modular unit.
If necessary a group may be constituted by a stack cf modular units to constitute, for example, a long rotor in the direction of the rotary axis XX'.
In Figure 3, the subcircular rotor in accordance with 3~9 the invention includes essentially a rim 10 supported by its wall 10A against the webs referenced 12 as a whole ; said webs in any number but two as a minimum are, in this themselves constituted by a solid terminal element 12 A set in by a tenon-mortice joint in a central element 12B, and the webs are supported against a bushing 16 connected by any suitable kno~n means to the hub 3.
Bushing 16 is stopped axially by rings 17 and 18 gripping the flanges 13 and 14 to enable the transmission of torques between hub and rim, whilst the webs are held by bevel shoulders formed on the one hand in axial ~oove 16 A
of the bushing 16, and, on the other hand, in radial grooves 13A-14A formed in the flanges 13 and 14.
~langes 13 and 14 may include lightening recesses and subcircular winding 15 and 19 can permit them to withstand the centrifugal force which is applied to them.
The compressive force-distributing elastic means are represented by elastic blades 11, interposed between the wall 1OA and the webs 12.
~igure 4 shows essentially how the central element 12B of each web 12 can include a transverse complementary lightening in the form of a recess 12C.
Of course, these central elements could be broken into simpler elements so as then to constitute an assembly into a structural set, with the rim, the end portions of the webs or again elastic support means of the rim on said webs.
Such a modular design permits, for example, the appli-cation of the invention in numerous fields ranging from small ,.... ~
units for the storage and recovery of energy on a satellite up to large electrical ener~y regulating installations in supply systems.
It is self-evident that the n~b~ of webs ~h a minimum of t~o and their shape, the type of connection of the latter to the bushing and the type of integration of the masses, the constitution of elastic means, the design of the mass of the subcircular rim or its shape or the nature of its consti-tuent materials, whether they are of homogeneous or hetero-geneous nature (filiform, lamellar in coiled or superposedlayers including any suitable material) may be adapted as a fonction of the circumstances, to the extent that the expected resu.lt of the invention is obtained.
It has been seen previously that the balancing of the ~or might be obtained by acting differentially on the balancing element from data derived from detectors.
More particularly, it has been seen, with reference to Figure 2, that the balancing system can act directly on the webs, by pullin~ or pushing ; it could also act in traction without however acting directly on the webs.
In addition, it has been seen, with reference to Figures 3 and 4, how a rotor according to the invention could be constituted of modular units enabling the application of the invention in numerous fields.
There will now be described, with reference to Figure 5, another possible modification of the invention which has certaln significant advantages among which may be mentioned that it enables the constitution of a hub-web system O
1146~79 which is as light and economical as possible;
which minii~lises static and d~namic unbalance ;
s~hich is compatible with the passage in its center of an axle or hub which is ge~lerally necessary when the rotor is associated with a magnetic suspension and with a generating motor ;
which facilitates the constitution of modular units.
The hub-web system concerned is formed from two webs or radial arms denoted by the general reference numbers 20A
and 20B and constituted by cruciform caissons.
More precisely, they comprise longitudinal members 21A, 22A for one and 21B, 22B for the other. These members are hollow and their height in the central area where they cross is one half of their height on the outer portions.
On the other hand, the thickness of these members is increased in the central zone where their height is reduced so that the elements constituting the caiss~ns have a constant cross-section in spite of the crossing of the arms.
In addition, the longitudinal members 21A, 22A on the one hand, and the longitudinal members 21B, 22B on the other hand, are held relative to forces that they undergo in directions perpendicular to their respective lengths by cruciform plates such as 23 and 24, the first one being shos~n partially. In order to reduce'the longitudinal stress in the central zone~ the cross-section of the plates can be widened in this zone as shos~n at 25.
Four masses 26, 2~, 28, and 29 are localised, in accordance with the invention, at the respective ends of the .
.
~46379 radial arms 20A and 20B. ~hese masses may advantageously include a radial extension such as 30, which enables the mass of the rim 10 whose height correspond~to the modular element thus formed;to be supported.
It is obvious that the modular elements of the same nature are stacked to constitute a complete rotor, the connection between the various elements being effected, for example, by gluing, which is particularly suited to the utilis~tion of K~LVAR (T~ K) A composite materials surh as glass resin, ~ resin, carbon resin etc...
When the modular element also constituted by these cruciform arms is of composite materials of the wire or filament - type (like that appearing notably in the torn off portion reference 31 of the longitudinal member 22B for example), all conventional processes for the application of conventional materials are obviously applicable and in particular, layer up or winding to constit~e the longitudinal members, the plates and the complementary parts.
It is obvious, moreover, that when the plates such as 23 and 24 are pierced to allow the hub 3 to paas through, the flanges surrounding the whole may be reinforced by glueing or suitable fixing of an element as an overthickness to constitute the constant cross-section.
It will be apparent immediately from ~igure 5 that the end masses 26, 27, 28 and 29 may be wider than in the preceding embodiments due to the constitution of the radial arms as a cais~on and may have also a greater support surface and conse-quently ensure better distribution between the arms of the pressure e~erted by the rim 10. Clearly, these end masses may also include elastic complementary lateral plates 11, as in the preceding embodiments.
Of course, the shape of these masses is defined so that, at the maximum rotary speed, the centrifugal force F' of the support mass concerned, 27 for example, substantially balances the resultant F of the forces applied by the rim 10 on said mass 27 and corresponding arm 20A. In any case, the term F-F' is adjusted so that the resulting force from this difference is directed towards the axis XX' and so that the rim-web-hub assembly is firmly fastened and co~tititues a unit of great rigidity.
As regards the balancing of the rotor, there is ~hown diagrammatically in Figure 5 a possible principle of construction with a cruciform arm rotor such as has just been described.
Due to the boxed form of the arm 20A and 20B, and the prPsence of the hub 3, it is possible to connect support masses 26, 27, 28 and 29 by respective cables 32 for the mass 26, 23 for-the mass 27, 34 for the mass 28 and 35 for the mass 29,to a control device, of any known type denoted by the general reference 36 capable of acting differentially in traction on one or other of the masses 26 or 27 of the arm 20A for the cables 32 or 33 and, on one or other of the masses 28 or 29 of the arm 20B by the cables 34 or3~ But of course, balancing aetectors of any known type of which one is shown diagrammatically at 205, provide the necessary data to the control device 36 so that the latter may act, as a function of said data, dif- -ferentially on the opposite masses 26 and 27 of the arm 20A
11~6379 and on the opposite masses 28 and 29 of the arm 20~ so that the balancing of the whole of the rotor is achieved dynamically.
In general, the inven-tion has only been described and shown by way of preferred example and equivalents could be introduced into its constituent elements without however departing from its scope, which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A subcircular type rotor comprising an axial central hub, radial webs supported by the central hub and each including a mass localised at the outer end of the web which mass con-stitutes the major part of the total mass of the web, and a subcircular rim supported on the webs, wherein the radius of curvature of the sectors of the rim between each pair of con-secutive webs is greater than the outer radius of the webs and the size of the localised masses is selected so that the centrifugal force that they exert when the rotor rotates counter-acts the radial compressive force which the subcircular rim exerts on each web inwardly towards the hub when the rotor is stationary,
2. A rotor according to claim 1, comprising balancing means connected to the localised masses so as to act differentially thereon in response to an out-of-balance indication from a balance detector, thereby assuring dynamic balancing of the rotor.
3. A rotor according to claim 2, wherein the balancing means is arranged in the hub and includes for each pair of opposite webs a tangent wheel-wormscrew assembly acting on a threaded element which acts on a central element of each of these webs thereby acting on the localised masses of those webs,
4. A rotor according to claims 1, 2 or 3 comprising elastic elements interposed between each of the localised masses and the rim to distribute the pressure exerted by the rim on the webs.
5. A rotor according to claim 1 wherein each of the webs is supported in axial grooves in the central hub and is held by radially grooved end flanges which are connected to the hub.
6. A rotor according to claim 5, wherein each of the flanges is formed with cut-away portions to lighten the flange, and a subcircular winding is provided around the periphery of each flange to withstand the effects of centrifugal force,
7. A rotor according to claim 1, wherein the webs form a modular unit comprising two arms which cross each other, each of which arms is constituted by two hollow longitudinal members which are shaped so that elements forming the arms have a constant cross-section where the arms cross, two cruciform plates which are spaced apart axially and cover the longitudinal members of the arms, and four localised masses located at the respective ends of the arms.
8. A rotor according to claim 7, wherein the modular unit is constructed of thread or filament-type composite Materials which are stacked on one another and glued together.
9. A rotor according to claim 7 or 8, comprising balancing means including a differential control device which is connected by cables to the localised masses through the hub and the arms and acts differentially on the masses in response to an out-of-balance indication from a balance detector, thereby assuring dynamic balancing of the rotor.
10. A rotor according to claims 2 or 3 wherein each of the webs is supported in axial grooves in the central hub and is held by radially grooved end flanges which are connected to the hub.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7913.688 | 1979-05-29 | ||
| FR7913688A FR2458005A1 (en) | 1979-05-29 | 1979-05-29 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SUBCIRCULAR TYPE ROTOR AND ROTORS IMPLEMENTING THIS METHOD, IN PARTICULAR FLYWHEEL ROTORS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1146379A true CA1146379A (en) | 1983-05-17 |
Family
ID=9225978
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000352848A Expired CA1146379A (en) | 1979-05-29 | 1980-05-27 | Subcircular type rotor |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0020261B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS55159350A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1146379A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH643041A5 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3066944D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2458005A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2054094B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1143166B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2503808A1 (en) * | 1981-04-14 | 1982-10-15 | Aerospatiale | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HIGH-SPEED ROTOR AND ROTOR USING SAID METHOD |
| JP2786809B2 (en) * | 1994-03-08 | 1998-08-13 | 株式会社トキメック | Ship navigation support device |
| CN116625579B (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2023-09-26 | 济宁市质量计量检验检测研究院(济宁半导体及显示产品质量监督检验中心、济宁市纤维质量监测中心) | Automatic clamping device for dynamic balance test of flexible flywheel for quality monitoring |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE47209C (en) * | R. MANNESMANN in Remscheid-Bödinghausen | Flywheel with a flywheel tightly wound from wire and rod-shaped or tubular spoke supports | ||
| DE870925C (en) * | 1943-12-28 | 1953-03-19 | Voith Gmbh J M | Flywheel for high peripheral speeds |
| CH276206A (en) * | 1949-04-07 | 1951-06-30 | Koch Benno | Quick release chuck. |
| FR1275713A (en) * | 1960-12-06 | 1961-11-10 | Device, in particular, for fitting and removing watch glass | |
| US3145459A (en) * | 1962-09-13 | 1964-08-25 | Shiffman Jerome | Tools for removing and fitting back plates of watches and watch crystals |
| FR2082274A5 (en) * | 1970-03-09 | 1971-12-10 | Aerospatiale | Ultracentrifuge rotor - hub spider and wall assembly of high rigidity to weight ratio |
| CH116674A4 (en) * | 1974-01-29 | 1977-05-15 | Jadow & Sons Inc B | Detachment device for watch glasses |
| US4036080A (en) * | 1974-11-29 | 1977-07-19 | The Garrett Corporation | Multi-rim flywheel |
| US4085627A (en) * | 1976-07-22 | 1978-04-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Elliptical flywheel apparatus |
| FR2434968A1 (en) * | 1978-08-29 | 1980-03-28 | Aerospatiale | INERTIAL PROCESS OF CENTRAL OF A CONSTANTLY CIRCULAR RIM ON ITS HUB AND CORRESPONDING ROTARY DEVICE |
-
1979
- 1979-05-29 FR FR7913688A patent/FR2458005A1/en active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-05-27 IT IT48805/80A patent/IT1143166B/en active
- 1980-05-27 CH CH409980A patent/CH643041A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-27 CA CA000352848A patent/CA1146379A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-28 EP EP80400743A patent/EP0020261B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-28 DE DE8080400743T patent/DE3066944D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-28 GB GB8017429A patent/GB2054094B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-28 JP JP7131780A patent/JPS55159350A/en active Pending
- 1980-05-29 DE DE3020497A patent/DE3020497C2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1143166B (en) | 1986-10-22 |
| DE3066944D1 (en) | 1984-04-19 |
| GB2054094B (en) | 1983-01-26 |
| EP0020261B1 (en) | 1984-03-14 |
| GB2054094A (en) | 1981-02-11 |
| IT8048805A0 (en) | 1980-05-27 |
| JPS55159350A (en) | 1980-12-11 |
| DE3020497A1 (en) | 1980-12-04 |
| CH643041A5 (en) | 1984-05-15 |
| EP0020261A1 (en) | 1980-12-10 |
| FR2458005B1 (en) | 1983-03-11 |
| DE3020497C2 (en) | 1985-05-09 |
| FR2458005A1 (en) | 1980-12-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |