CA1144049A - Continuously operating press - Google Patents
Continuously operating pressInfo
- Publication number
- CA1144049A CA1144049A CA000360203A CA360203A CA1144049A CA 1144049 A CA1144049 A CA 1144049A CA 000360203 A CA000360203 A CA 000360203A CA 360203 A CA360203 A CA 360203A CA 1144049 A CA1144049 A CA 1144049A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight plate
- press
- board
- pressure
- belt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A continuously operating board press in which board material to be pressed is guided between two continuously circulating endless belts in such a way that at least the upper press belt runs through a pressure chamber, whereby a pressure arrangement exerts a pressure loading on the belt and the board material. Walls that laterally define the pressure chamber are elastic and on lower edges of the walls a weight plate is fastened. The weight plate is flexible at least in a longtiudinal direction of the press.
The plate, because of its intrinsic weight, is constantly applied to the upper press belt. The weight plate is provided with one or more conduits for enabling an admission of a pressure medium into a gap between the weight plate and the press belt. The gap is closed off by means of at least longitudinal seals.
A continuously operating board press in which board material to be pressed is guided between two continuously circulating endless belts in such a way that at least the upper press belt runs through a pressure chamber, whereby a pressure arrangement exerts a pressure loading on the belt and the board material. Walls that laterally define the pressure chamber are elastic and on lower edges of the walls a weight plate is fastened. The weight plate is flexible at least in a longtiudinal direction of the press.
The plate, because of its intrinsic weight, is constantly applied to the upper press belt. The weight plate is provided with one or more conduits for enabling an admission of a pressure medium into a gap between the weight plate and the press belt. The gap is closed off by means of at least longitudinal seals.
Description
~4~3~g (Translation) Into Kerttula, Director Malaga, Spain Continuously Operating Board Press The pXesent ~nvention relates to a continuously operating board press, in which the board material to be pressed is led between two endless, continuously rotating press belts in such a way that at least the upper press belt runs via a pressure chamber, whereby a pressure medium exerts a pressure load on the belt and board material.
A board press is here understood to be such a press which may be employed for the pressing of boards, such as plywood, chip, fiber or similar boards, further for laminating various kinds of boards, for providing all kinds of boards with a surfacing layer etc. In all these instances, the boards must be subjected to pressure. The boards may be in the form of a long web or in the form of shorter pieces,~which are fed con-secuti~ely into the press.
In order that the handllng of the boards to be .
.. , . - "... " .
~, :
- ,, , -- ,: .
. .
: . , : -' , , ',; ' ,: ~ ' :
manufactured or processed might readily take place, one has for a long time already endeavoured to change from operating presses by charging to continuously operating presses. Such a continuously operating press is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,688,688. The previously known press operates satis-factorily if boards which do not have a high compression level are pressed, that is, ~y wh~ch the feeding thickness does not greatly exceed the th~ckness of the f;nished board. For example, plywood boards are such boards. If, on the other hand, e.g. chip boards or fiber ~oards are pressed, the degree of thickness of the ch;p mat fed ;nto the machine is considerably greater than the thickness of the finished board emerging from the machine. In this case, the compressing of the chip mat caused difficulties. The difficulties w;th compressing actually nullified the use of a continuously operating press.
The present invention ;ntends to produce a con-tinuously operating board press which can also be used for the pressing of such materials which must initially be compressed at nominal thickness. The invention is characterized in that the walls laterally bordering the pressure chamber are elastic, that a weight plate, flexible at least in the longitudinal direction of the press, is fastened to their lower edges, said weight plate - due to its dead weight - always being located on the upper press belt, that the weight plate is provided ;,~;
, ~
,, ~ ' , ~
.' ' , ~
, 4~
with one or more channels for the admission of a pressure medium into the opening between the weight plate and the press belt and that this opening is sealed off by means of at least longitudinal closures.
The weight plate adapts itself according to the quality of the board material. If the board material to be processed is of such a type t~at it is more or less compressed in the inltial phase of the pressing process, the weight plate always automatically takes the form and position corresponding to the compression. On the other hand, boards of various thicknesses can be pressed in the press without any adjustment measures, since the weight plate automatically adjusts itself to all thickness degrees. Thus, one is freed from all adjustments.
One and the same pressure acts on both sides of the weight plate. As a result, the friction between the closure and the press belt is only produced by the dead weight of the weight plate. Consequently, the frlction is not high.
On the other hand, the friction is independent from the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber and from the pressing program as well as from the thickness of the material to be pressed.
According to the invention, the press does not have ~, -.~ . .
~
' .:
, to be built consisting of two parts (one compressing part and one part with constant thickness), lnstead it has a type of structure which is unaltered along its entire length. Depending on the condition of the board material to be pressed, the compression distance can be shorter or longer. According to the invention, the press adjusts to all pressing functions independent from the length of the compressing distance.
According to the invention, the weight plate in the board press can also be flexible in the transverse direction. This is necessary in such instances, althouyh rare, when the thickness of the board material to be pressed varies in the transverse direction. With the weight plate being flexible, one also achieves that the friction between the closures and the pressing belt is unchanged in all situations and that one can manage with quite simple closures.
According to the invention, the walls laterally bordering the pressure chamber in the press are elastic. It is understood herewith that they allow the movement of the weight plate in a vertical direction.
An advantageous performance of the invention is characterized in that the weight plate consists of rubber, e.g. hard rubber, or of a synthetic material. Such a weight plate adjusts itself in both a longitudinal and also in a .
.
ransversal direction to the shapes of the boards located in the press process. A wire gauze or else chain-like elements, which allow the flexibility of the weight plate, can be mounted in the weight plate as reinforcement. The weight plate must have such a proportion of weight that it adequately presses the seals against the press belt. Naturally, the weight plate can also be constructed simply from chain lamina or from wire gauze.
A second favourable performance of the invention is characterized in that the seals are fastened to the lower surface of the weight plate. On the other hand, one can also imagine such a problem solution in which the longitudinally running closures are situated at the press belt in such an instance where no transverse seals exist.
Usually, the boards are pressed according to a pressure curve which, at the outset, gradually rises from zero to a maximum and returns to zero. According to the invention, such a pressure flow curve is easily attained. The pressure chamber can be divided into consecutive component chambers in which different pressures prevall. In order that the pressure change at the partitions between the component chambers i5 not too abrupt, closures transversely situated underneath the weight plate can be provided at those points ; ,, ........ .
.. . . .
, .. . . .
,r--\
where the partitions are between the component chambers,with an extension in the-longitudinal direction of the press considerably exceeding the thickness of the partitions. Such closures equalize the pressure change.
Heat is often required for the hardening of the binding agent with pressing boards. According to the invention, heat can be led to the board material located in the press process by heating the pressure medium or by installing e.g.
electrical resistances in the weight plate.
In the press according to the invention, the friction strives to move the weight plate in the direction of the end of the press. In order to prevent this, the weight plate is connected with the initial end of the press structure by means of one or more horizontal joint arms. The joint arms allow the movement of the weight plate in a vertical direction.
In the ~ollowing, the invention will be described with the help of an example and with reference to the enclosed drawings, wherein Fig. 1 shows a continuousroperating board press according to one performance method of the invention,in a vertical, longitudinal section.
..... . .. ... . . .
~ , ~
. ., ` . ~
, ,,; ~ j , ~40~9 Fig. 2 shows the section along the line II - II in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 shows one detail in the longitudinally running vertical section of the press~
In the draw~ng, reference number 1 refers to the support on ~hich the press rests~ The lower part 2 and the upper part 3 of the frame are attached to one another by means of tension posts 6. Transparent protective plates 4, consist~ng e.g. of bulletproof glass, are located on both sides of the press along the entire length of the press between the lower part 2 and the upper part 3. The primary function of these is to prevent the spurting about of pressure medium in case of possible leakage. The pressure medium can be a liquid, for example, oil or a gas, for example, air.
In the event that a liquid is used for a pressure medium and leakages occur, then the liquid collects in chamber 5, from where it is again absorbed into the pressure system. No loss occurs as a result of leakage.
The press comprises two endless press belts 7 and 8 ~hich limit the press opening between them. The bel~s can, for example, consist of steel~ Belt 7 runs over the end rolls 9 and 10, whereas belt 8 runs over the end rolls 11 and 12.
The rolls 10 and 12, located on the right in Fig. 1, are , . ~ ` `
drawing rolls. For the sake of clarity, the driving machinery was omitted in the fIgure. In the example shown in the diagram, the board material to be pressed consists of a chip mat 13, which is fed into the press opening between the press belts 7 and 8 from where the chip board then emerges finished and pressed.
The lower press belt 8 and therewith also the chip mat 13 is, with the a~d of a pressure chamber, loaded in an upward direction, whereby this pressure chamber is subdivided into five consecuti~e sections 15 - 19. The pressure is lowest in the sections 15 and 19, and highest in section 17. To the upper surfaces of the partitions 20 between the sections, transversely running closures 21 are fastened which can consist e.g. of a Teflon belt.
The upper press belt 7 and therewith also the chip mat is pressed downward by means of a pressure chamber, whereby the pressure chamber, corresponding to the pressure chamber below, consists of five sections 22 - 26. Sections 22 - 26 are in the same positions as sections 15 - 19 below, and the same pressure prevails in them as in the sections underneath.
The walls can consist, for example, of synthetic foil, e.g.
Teflon, or of a rubber-like material. The walls 27 are attached tightly with their upper edge against the upper part 3 of the ~rame. On the other hand, the weight plate 28 is fastened , :, . - .
- , , .' ~ ' ", .
' 3~L4~9 tightly against the lower edges of the walls 27. The weight plate consists of flexible material, for example, hard rubber or the like. From each section 22 - 26, a channel 29 leads in under the weight plate so that the pressure on both sides of the weight plate 28 is equally great. A laterally situated closure 30 is found under the weight plate 28 at each wall 27.
Furthermore, longitudinally running closures are found on the edges of the weight plate 28. Similarly, the lower part 2 of the frame has correspondingly longitudinal closures 32.
By operation of the press according to the invention, press belts 7 and 8 draw the material to be pressed 13 through the press. Since the pressures in the sections 15 - 19 and correspondingly in the sections 22 - 26 are equally high, the friction between the closures 30 and the press belt 7, as well as between the closures 21 and the press belt 8, is very slight.
Only the weight of the weight plate 28 influences the former friction. The weight of the press belts and of the material to be pressed in-between has, additionally, an effect on the latter friction.
As can be seen in Fig. 3, closure 30 is developed relatively ~ide. Accordingly, the pressure difference, which in this case exists between sections 23 and 24, does not abruptly effect the material to be pressed and is, in actuality, - . _ g _ .
-, .
4gL~g considerably more uniform.
Press belt 7 strives to shift the weight plate 28in the direction of the end of the press by frictional action.
In order to prevent this, weight plate 28 can be connected with the in~tial end of the upper part 3 of the frame by means of joint arms. The weight plate 28 can thereby move freely in a vertical direction.
According to the drawing, freely rotatable rolls 34 are situated in the lower part of the structure. These have the function to carry the package, which the press belts 7 and 8 and the material to be pressed in-between 13 yield, in such a way that it does not sag in the middle.
It is clear to the expert that different methods of perform~ng the invention can vary. By operating with pressure liquid, two pair of lateral seals can, for example, be provided, between which a leakage reservoir channel is located. With flow pressure, one can operate without cross closures, whereby then the highest pressure passes from the middle section 24 through the weight plate 28, as well as flowing under the weight plate toward both ends. The compart-ments 22, 23, 25 and 26 are hereby sealed downward. At the same time, one must ensure that the space for the opening .
.
:
between the weight plate and the press belt extends up to the ends in accordance with the compartment pressures, whereby one attains the same end result without cross closures. In the opening or flow chamber, a pressure controlled fine regulation of the flow space can be provided.
The lower pressure chamber 15 - 19 is, fxom the standpoint of the invention, not essential as the lower half of the press merely serves as a support;ng surface for the pressure coming from above~ Therefore, the pressure chamber 15 - 19 can also be replaced by another type o~ construction.
-, , "
, - i
A board press is here understood to be such a press which may be employed for the pressing of boards, such as plywood, chip, fiber or similar boards, further for laminating various kinds of boards, for providing all kinds of boards with a surfacing layer etc. In all these instances, the boards must be subjected to pressure. The boards may be in the form of a long web or in the form of shorter pieces,~which are fed con-secuti~ely into the press.
In order that the handllng of the boards to be .
.. , . - "... " .
~, :
- ,, , -- ,: .
. .
: . , : -' , , ',; ' ,: ~ ' :
manufactured or processed might readily take place, one has for a long time already endeavoured to change from operating presses by charging to continuously operating presses. Such a continuously operating press is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,688,688. The previously known press operates satis-factorily if boards which do not have a high compression level are pressed, that is, ~y wh~ch the feeding thickness does not greatly exceed the th~ckness of the f;nished board. For example, plywood boards are such boards. If, on the other hand, e.g. chip boards or fiber ~oards are pressed, the degree of thickness of the ch;p mat fed ;nto the machine is considerably greater than the thickness of the finished board emerging from the machine. In this case, the compressing of the chip mat caused difficulties. The difficulties w;th compressing actually nullified the use of a continuously operating press.
The present invention ;ntends to produce a con-tinuously operating board press which can also be used for the pressing of such materials which must initially be compressed at nominal thickness. The invention is characterized in that the walls laterally bordering the pressure chamber are elastic, that a weight plate, flexible at least in the longitudinal direction of the press, is fastened to their lower edges, said weight plate - due to its dead weight - always being located on the upper press belt, that the weight plate is provided ;,~;
, ~
,, ~ ' , ~
.' ' , ~
, 4~
with one or more channels for the admission of a pressure medium into the opening between the weight plate and the press belt and that this opening is sealed off by means of at least longitudinal closures.
The weight plate adapts itself according to the quality of the board material. If the board material to be processed is of such a type t~at it is more or less compressed in the inltial phase of the pressing process, the weight plate always automatically takes the form and position corresponding to the compression. On the other hand, boards of various thicknesses can be pressed in the press without any adjustment measures, since the weight plate automatically adjusts itself to all thickness degrees. Thus, one is freed from all adjustments.
One and the same pressure acts on both sides of the weight plate. As a result, the friction between the closure and the press belt is only produced by the dead weight of the weight plate. Consequently, the frlction is not high.
On the other hand, the friction is independent from the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber and from the pressing program as well as from the thickness of the material to be pressed.
According to the invention, the press does not have ~, -.~ . .
~
' .:
, to be built consisting of two parts (one compressing part and one part with constant thickness), lnstead it has a type of structure which is unaltered along its entire length. Depending on the condition of the board material to be pressed, the compression distance can be shorter or longer. According to the invention, the press adjusts to all pressing functions independent from the length of the compressing distance.
According to the invention, the weight plate in the board press can also be flexible in the transverse direction. This is necessary in such instances, althouyh rare, when the thickness of the board material to be pressed varies in the transverse direction. With the weight plate being flexible, one also achieves that the friction between the closures and the pressing belt is unchanged in all situations and that one can manage with quite simple closures.
According to the invention, the walls laterally bordering the pressure chamber in the press are elastic. It is understood herewith that they allow the movement of the weight plate in a vertical direction.
An advantageous performance of the invention is characterized in that the weight plate consists of rubber, e.g. hard rubber, or of a synthetic material. Such a weight plate adjusts itself in both a longitudinal and also in a .
.
ransversal direction to the shapes of the boards located in the press process. A wire gauze or else chain-like elements, which allow the flexibility of the weight plate, can be mounted in the weight plate as reinforcement. The weight plate must have such a proportion of weight that it adequately presses the seals against the press belt. Naturally, the weight plate can also be constructed simply from chain lamina or from wire gauze.
A second favourable performance of the invention is characterized in that the seals are fastened to the lower surface of the weight plate. On the other hand, one can also imagine such a problem solution in which the longitudinally running closures are situated at the press belt in such an instance where no transverse seals exist.
Usually, the boards are pressed according to a pressure curve which, at the outset, gradually rises from zero to a maximum and returns to zero. According to the invention, such a pressure flow curve is easily attained. The pressure chamber can be divided into consecutive component chambers in which different pressures prevall. In order that the pressure change at the partitions between the component chambers i5 not too abrupt, closures transversely situated underneath the weight plate can be provided at those points ; ,, ........ .
.. . . .
, .. . . .
,r--\
where the partitions are between the component chambers,with an extension in the-longitudinal direction of the press considerably exceeding the thickness of the partitions. Such closures equalize the pressure change.
Heat is often required for the hardening of the binding agent with pressing boards. According to the invention, heat can be led to the board material located in the press process by heating the pressure medium or by installing e.g.
electrical resistances in the weight plate.
In the press according to the invention, the friction strives to move the weight plate in the direction of the end of the press. In order to prevent this, the weight plate is connected with the initial end of the press structure by means of one or more horizontal joint arms. The joint arms allow the movement of the weight plate in a vertical direction.
In the ~ollowing, the invention will be described with the help of an example and with reference to the enclosed drawings, wherein Fig. 1 shows a continuousroperating board press according to one performance method of the invention,in a vertical, longitudinal section.
..... . .. ... . . .
~ , ~
. ., ` . ~
, ,,; ~ j , ~40~9 Fig. 2 shows the section along the line II - II in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 shows one detail in the longitudinally running vertical section of the press~
In the draw~ng, reference number 1 refers to the support on ~hich the press rests~ The lower part 2 and the upper part 3 of the frame are attached to one another by means of tension posts 6. Transparent protective plates 4, consist~ng e.g. of bulletproof glass, are located on both sides of the press along the entire length of the press between the lower part 2 and the upper part 3. The primary function of these is to prevent the spurting about of pressure medium in case of possible leakage. The pressure medium can be a liquid, for example, oil or a gas, for example, air.
In the event that a liquid is used for a pressure medium and leakages occur, then the liquid collects in chamber 5, from where it is again absorbed into the pressure system. No loss occurs as a result of leakage.
The press comprises two endless press belts 7 and 8 ~hich limit the press opening between them. The bel~s can, for example, consist of steel~ Belt 7 runs over the end rolls 9 and 10, whereas belt 8 runs over the end rolls 11 and 12.
The rolls 10 and 12, located on the right in Fig. 1, are , . ~ ` `
drawing rolls. For the sake of clarity, the driving machinery was omitted in the fIgure. In the example shown in the diagram, the board material to be pressed consists of a chip mat 13, which is fed into the press opening between the press belts 7 and 8 from where the chip board then emerges finished and pressed.
The lower press belt 8 and therewith also the chip mat 13 is, with the a~d of a pressure chamber, loaded in an upward direction, whereby this pressure chamber is subdivided into five consecuti~e sections 15 - 19. The pressure is lowest in the sections 15 and 19, and highest in section 17. To the upper surfaces of the partitions 20 between the sections, transversely running closures 21 are fastened which can consist e.g. of a Teflon belt.
The upper press belt 7 and therewith also the chip mat is pressed downward by means of a pressure chamber, whereby the pressure chamber, corresponding to the pressure chamber below, consists of five sections 22 - 26. Sections 22 - 26 are in the same positions as sections 15 - 19 below, and the same pressure prevails in them as in the sections underneath.
The walls can consist, for example, of synthetic foil, e.g.
Teflon, or of a rubber-like material. The walls 27 are attached tightly with their upper edge against the upper part 3 of the ~rame. On the other hand, the weight plate 28 is fastened , :, . - .
- , , .' ~ ' ", .
' 3~L4~9 tightly against the lower edges of the walls 27. The weight plate consists of flexible material, for example, hard rubber or the like. From each section 22 - 26, a channel 29 leads in under the weight plate so that the pressure on both sides of the weight plate 28 is equally great. A laterally situated closure 30 is found under the weight plate 28 at each wall 27.
Furthermore, longitudinally running closures are found on the edges of the weight plate 28. Similarly, the lower part 2 of the frame has correspondingly longitudinal closures 32.
By operation of the press according to the invention, press belts 7 and 8 draw the material to be pressed 13 through the press. Since the pressures in the sections 15 - 19 and correspondingly in the sections 22 - 26 are equally high, the friction between the closures 30 and the press belt 7, as well as between the closures 21 and the press belt 8, is very slight.
Only the weight of the weight plate 28 influences the former friction. The weight of the press belts and of the material to be pressed in-between has, additionally, an effect on the latter friction.
As can be seen in Fig. 3, closure 30 is developed relatively ~ide. Accordingly, the pressure difference, which in this case exists between sections 23 and 24, does not abruptly effect the material to be pressed and is, in actuality, - . _ g _ .
-, .
4gL~g considerably more uniform.
Press belt 7 strives to shift the weight plate 28in the direction of the end of the press by frictional action.
In order to prevent this, weight plate 28 can be connected with the in~tial end of the upper part 3 of the frame by means of joint arms. The weight plate 28 can thereby move freely in a vertical direction.
According to the drawing, freely rotatable rolls 34 are situated in the lower part of the structure. These have the function to carry the package, which the press belts 7 and 8 and the material to be pressed in-between 13 yield, in such a way that it does not sag in the middle.
It is clear to the expert that different methods of perform~ng the invention can vary. By operating with pressure liquid, two pair of lateral seals can, for example, be provided, between which a leakage reservoir channel is located. With flow pressure, one can operate without cross closures, whereby then the highest pressure passes from the middle section 24 through the weight plate 28, as well as flowing under the weight plate toward both ends. The compart-ments 22, 23, 25 and 26 are hereby sealed downward. At the same time, one must ensure that the space for the opening .
.
:
between the weight plate and the press belt extends up to the ends in accordance with the compartment pressures, whereby one attains the same end result without cross closures. In the opening or flow chamber, a pressure controlled fine regulation of the flow space can be provided.
The lower pressure chamber 15 - 19 is, fxom the standpoint of the invention, not essential as the lower half of the press merely serves as a support;ng surface for the pressure coming from above~ Therefore, the pressure chamber 15 - 19 can also be replaced by another type o~ construction.
-, , "
, - i
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS.
1. Continuously operating board press in which the material to be pressed is fed between two endlesss, continuously rotating press belts in such a way that at least the upper press belt runs via a pressure chamber whereby a pressure medium exerts pressure load on the belt and board material, characterized in that the walls laterally bordering the pressure chamber are elastic, that a weight plate flexible at least in the longitudinal direction of the press, is fastened to their lower edges, said weight plate always being situated on the upper press belt as a result of its dead weight, that the weight plate is provided with one or more channels for the admission of a pressure medium into the opening between the weight plate and the press belt and that this opening is sealed off by means of at least longitudinal closures.
2. Board press according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight plate consists of rubber, e.g. hard rubber, or synthetic material.
3. Board press according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight plate consists of chain lamina or wire gauze.
4. Board press according to claim 1, characterized in that the chain lamina or wire gauze is embedded in rubber or in resilient synthetic material.
5. Board press according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the closures are fastened against the lower surface of the weight plate.
6. Board press according to any one of the claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the pressure chamber is divided into a number of successive component chambers in which different pressures prevail, characterized in that laterally situated closures are provided below the weight plate at the partitions of the component chambers whose extension in the longitudinal direction of the press is greater than the thickness of the partition.
7. Board press according to any one of the claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the weight plate is heated, for example, by heating of the pressure medium or by inserting of electrical resistances.
8. Board press according to any one of the claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the weight plate is connected with the initial end of the press frame by means of one or more joint arms.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000360203A CA1144049A (en) | 1980-09-12 | 1980-09-12 | Continuously operating press |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000360203A CA1144049A (en) | 1980-09-12 | 1980-09-12 | Continuously operating press |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1144049A true CA1144049A (en) | 1983-04-05 |
Family
ID=4117873
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000360203A Expired CA1144049A (en) | 1980-09-12 | 1980-09-12 | Continuously operating press |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1144049A (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-09-12 CA CA000360203A patent/CA1144049A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |