CA1138294A - Detergent composition - Google Patents
Detergent compositionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1138294A CA1138294A CA000346518A CA346518A CA1138294A CA 1138294 A CA1138294 A CA 1138294A CA 000346518 A CA000346518 A CA 000346518A CA 346518 A CA346518 A CA 346518A CA 1138294 A CA1138294 A CA 1138294A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- composition
- weight
- active agents
- surface active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
- C11D3/2086—Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
- C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A detergent composition comprising, as hardness ions complexing agent from 10% to 50% by weight of a water soluble salt of the citric acid; from 5% to 60% by weight of a water soluble salt of a fatty acid having a carbon atoms chain length from 6 to 24 C; and with a phosphor content from 0% to 2.5% by weight. To the said composition additives may be added, such as bleaching agents, optical brighteners, builders, alkalinazing agents, surface-active agents, fillers, and the like substances usually used in combination with detergent compositions.
A detergent composition comprising, as hardness ions complexing agent from 10% to 50% by weight of a water soluble salt of the citric acid; from 5% to 60% by weight of a water soluble salt of a fatty acid having a carbon atoms chain length from 6 to 24 C; and with a phosphor content from 0% to 2.5% by weight. To the said composition additives may be added, such as bleaching agents, optical brighteners, builders, alkalinazing agents, surface-active agents, fillers, and the like substances usually used in combination with detergent compositions.
Description
~A~EGRO~ND AND SU~MARY O~ ~HE INVEN~ION
============_====_=_====_===_========
~ he present invention refers to dried, ~inPlly divicLed detergent compositions, and more particularly to those powaery detergent compo3ition for use either by hand washing or in automatic washing machines, to launder or wa~h any type of fabric.
It i8 known that in order to be efficient to a satiefactory degree, a detergent composition mu3t be formed by at lea~t 5 (a) one or more surface active agents;
(b) one or more hardness ions removal agents, in oder to reduce the hardnees of the washing ~ater;
(¢) agents performing an alkalizing function;
(d) optic~l brighteners or chem~cal bleaching agents, in order to increase the whiteness of the fibers treated ~ith them.
~ he composition i8 genera~ly completed by additive3 to be present in sm~ll amounts, exerting ~ariou3 supporting a¢tion~, a8 ~ell as by inert fillers.
~he hardness ion~ seques.tering agents are commonly te~med "buildersn, and are ~urther responsible of variou3 desirable actions, exerted concurrentlg with their sequestering action, su¢h as for example, the peptizing action, the aispersing action, the anti-redeposition . . ~F
~i3~
acti~)n, r~he cla~ of substances which nowadays still perform this number o~ functions in the most satiefactory manner are the polypho~phates. ~o the polypho~phate3, however, it has been attributed a crucial action in promoting under particular conditions ~n uncontrolled propagatio~
of seaweedes within any surface ~aters (eutrophication factor), which leads to an adverse effect resulting from the alteration of the environmental conditions with consequent lo~ering of the oxygen content of the waters, due to ~ermentatio~ processes connected with the final stage o~ the seæweeds vit~l ¢ycle. ~he lowering of the oæygen content in the waters also adversely affects the vitPl cycle of the aquatic fauna.
In detergents, the substitution of polyphosphates is not an ~asy matter, since at present no other substaxce~
are avP~lable which are ~ureIy harmless from the vie~point of the environmental pollution and which pos~es~ the number of requirements ~hich are typic~l of a good builder.
D~E~__IPIIQN=O~ ~HE INVEN~ION
Quite surprisingly, it has bee~ found that it is pos9ible to substantiPlly reduce or even eliminate the polypho~phate content in the detergent composition3, without affeoting their ~ashing efficiency, by parti~lly ~38~9~
or totally substituting the polyphosphate~ in the detergent composition by a synergic combination of a ~oap and a soluble salt of the citric acid, hccording to a main aspect, the detergent compositions according to the present invention are characterized by a content of from 10% to 50% of a water soluble, pre~erably an alkzline-metal salt of the citric acid, a~d from 5~
to 60% of a water soluble, preferably an aIk~line-metal g~lt of natur~l or synthe~ic fatty acids, with a chain 7ength of from 6 to 24 atoms o~ carbon.
~ h; g kind o~ alkaline-metals fatty acias s~lts are commonly aesigned as "soaps", and 80 they will be ter~ed heins~ter.
It is essential that the two aforementioned compounds be simultaneously present in a detergent compo~ition, slnce ~either of them has the power of individually performing the action of builder, ~
required ~f a substantial reduction or a complete substitution of the polyphosphates is desired in the detergent compositio~
~ he sy~ergic action o~ the citrate and of the soap according to the invention i8 best shown when the ~sshing i~ done at high temperature~, where the diminished complexing po~er of the citrate is compensated by the de-hardening action of the soap 1~3~Z94 -., c2using the precipitation of the hardness ions present in the water, in the form of water-insoluble soaps.
~he lprecipitate thu~ ~ormed within the wa~hing solutio~
kas no eignificant tendency to ~tick to the w~shing machine or to the ~abrics.
~ he detergent compositions according to the present invention are furthermore characterized by a P content ranging between 0~ and 2.~% by weight in the final ~etergenu compositio , ~hich i8 a significantly reduced content if co~pared to the ordinary detergent~ used for t~e w&shing of fabrics, in which the P content ge~erP~ly has a much higher v~lue, in the range of 6 to 8% or more. ~he detergent ¢ompositions acoording to the pr2sent invention are therefore provided with a low eutrophication po~er, since the percentage o~ P is at a lo~ or at a zero vPlue. ~he citrate ~ich i8 present i ~hese compositions has a very low toxicity to~ard any se~weeds, invertebrates, fishes and ma~mal~. ~oreover it has a good biological degr2dabilty both in the w~ter ~a in the eart~ both in aerobic and anaerobic conaitions~
~he soPp too h~ a very low level of toxicity, ~n~ it c~n be wholly degraded into C02 and water i~ a very quick manner. ~herefore tke pollution power of the citrate and the soap results to be a particularly low one, wkile the dsgree of thsir ecologic consistency appears to be high.
.
~ Tarious surface-active agent~, ~Ikalizing agent~, supportin~ agents, atain removing agents, bleaching age~i~, optical brightener~, anti-redeposition agents, ~d ~ulert filler~ may be added to the composition according to the invention. ~he said agents are ~ell known in the art, ~nd will be not described ~urther.
1~ the composition according to the in~ention PlSo other sequesteri~g agents dif~erent from polyphosphates Pnd citrate mlght be used, in order to achieve some Pdditional performances of the detergents, i~ addition to tho~e ~lready quite satis~actory, which can be obtained wlth the detergents according to the inventio~.
Among the several sequestering agents ~hich cPn be u ed in combination in the composition according to the invention, the following organic acids, ~nd their salts, c~n be me~tioneas poly-carboxyl acids (other than citric acid); hydroxy-carboxyl acids; ~mino-carboxyl acids; carboxyl-~lkil-ethers; carboxyl -2nd phosphonic acids (with a m~ximum P ~alue of 2.5 in weight/c~lculated on the total weight of the composition); polyPnionic polymers.
~ g æ~ ex~ple of inorganic type agents de~elopping a comple~ing action, the compound~ corresponaing to the general formula:
(~at2/~1)X Me23-(sio23Y
113~Z9~L
may be mentioned, ~here ~at i8 a cation of the valénce n, exchangeable wQth calcium, x i8 a number from 0,7 to 1.5, Me i~ a member selected from the group co~ ting of aluminum and boron, and y is a ~umber from 0.8 to 6~
he compo~ition according to the in~ention c~n be prepared by any process which i8 suitable for the production of powdery detergents-~ he~e compositions are preferably prepared by aproces3 by ~hich the alkali metal ~alt of the citric acid, the soap ~nd the other components of the composition, which are stable under heat condition~
the form of aqueous pulpy batche3 are transformed by hot drying, preferably by hot atomization, into easy to handle powders, particularly into beads. ~o the thu~
obtai~ed powdered composition it is pos~ible to add some compone~ts, such as perborates, enzymes, perfumes nd the like components that cannot be subjected to the heat-drying proce~s.
~ he detergent compositions of the present in~ention do ~ot present the problems ~hich sre peculiar of the compositions with a lo~, or no conte~t of polyphosphates~
~ ne of these problems is con~tituted by the tendency to ~orm incrustations o~ the metallic parts of the ~ashing machine, and particularly on the tank or o~ the 1;138294 drum of the wa~hing machine~, or on the movable parts of the pump a~d o~ the discharge valve, on the pre~sure ~witch~ and especiPlly on the heati~g elements of the said machines. Particularly in the case of incrustation~
on the heating elements several adverse effects might occur. At ~irst, the thus formed incrustation tends to reduce the heat e~change between the heating elements a~d the ~ash~ng ~ater bath. ~his entrains the risk of an undue increa~e in the temperature of the heating element~, 80 that the heating elemerLts will probably ha~e a shorter average life. ~oreover, the washing cycle nill last for a longer time, if the switching from the one to the next ~tep of the cy¢le is controlled by a thermostat. As a re~ult, not only a waste of time will be produced, but also a ~aste of energy. In the case ~n w~ich the switching ~rom the one to the next step of the cycle is controlled by a timer, the result will be that a temperature lower than that requested w~ll be attæined in the concerned washing step. ~hi~
w;ll produce, according to statistical data, a lo~ering of the washing ef~iciency.
~ 11 the abo~e factors have an adverse influence on the average liie of the washing machine.
~ nother problem connected with detergents having a low, or even no content of polyphosphates, is that o~
the loading of the fabrics~ due to the deposition of 1~38Z94 sQlts on the washed fabrics. ~he fabrics might therefore becom greyish and rougher to the feel, and these factor~
are both of a fundamental importance as to the stand~rd of the ~a~hing.
~ he average life of the fabrics i8 al~o adversely a~fectea.
- ~inslly, tho problem which probably is the mo~t importa~t in detergent compositions with a lo~, or eve~ no conte~t of polyphosphates is the prob~em o~ the washing performance of the detergent.
~ he user~ are presently accustomed to employ high sta~dara detergents ~hich permit to obtain guite satisfactory results. ~his is also due to the sign~ficant contribution of polyphosphates ~hich occur in the presently used detergents.
~ he detergent~ of the present invention permit to keep at a good standard the effects of the ~ashing of fabrics, and to ~ep u~damaged, in the mec~n;cal wa~hing~ the compnnents of a wa~hing machine. By the u~e of the detergents according to the invention, the incrustations on the machins drum, on the tank surfaces ~n~ on the heating element~ are eliminated or reduced to a minimum, Pn~ also incrustations on ths washed fabric~
~re very reduced~ wi~h a good efficiency o~ deter~ency.
ere~ore the compo~itions a¢cording bo the i~ventio~
, :
1~38294 per~it to keep the a~erage like of both the fabrics and the washing machines almost stationary.
~ he ~ollowing ~pecific embodimente are illu~trative of the invention, ~ithout being limitative in any re~pect. In the following ~ample~, ~ome deterge~t compositior3 made according to the invention have been compared with ~ome commercial detergents having a high P content, i~ order to compare their efficiency.
. . ~ . ;.. -..: .
. .. ;~.,Y;~ :
i~38Z94 a~
o 8 ~, ~ g ~
o , . ~ .
m U
o 0 ~ N ~ V
g O O
o m V ~ , o m U
o~.
mff~
. ~ a V
V
QS:~ . m C~ o - ~ ..
h o .,~~, ~4 F4 ' o~
P, 4' O O O O O 0~ 0 0 ~ 3 O ~
O tt~ U~ N ~D ~ O O r I
~ ~ 8 . a3 .- ~ ~
m ,~
0 o ~
0 ~ o - ~ _ 0~ O P~
P~ ~ ~I ~ O ~? Sl , ~ ~ ,, M S~ OD h t~
O ~ r1 ~ 0 C.. l O S:
o a~ ~ ~~ 0d O
r~ r~ ~ ~o ~ o 11 h F~ 0. r~ ~ O ~ m ~ ~ 0 o, ~~ ,~ ~ ~ o a~
~rlh r O ~
0 Z O ~ V
3 ::5~ ~ ~ In o 0 p. a~ o a~
~ o m o ~ ~D
H ~`-- ~ ~ ~ m 0 ,~
o o~ o o3 0 o o h 0 ~ ,s: Id o Q ~ m ,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
w a~ o ,~ ~1 ~ 0 o ,~ ~ U
~1 0O OD O ~ ~ ~ h tD h s ~D
m O ~d ~ m ~ ~ o q) o o O ~ O ,~ h -h ,1 ~ m O~ ~ ~0 ~O ~ ~0 ~0 ~ 0 ~ ~0 O''-- _ -.
- ~138Z94 The te~ts were made in a drum-type washing machine at the following conditions~.
- Detergent concen~ration s 7.5 ~l in water - ~araness of t~e water t 25F (french degrees) - ~oad of laundry with natural dirt 2 4.5 Eg.
- Washing temperature : from ambient temperature up to 90~
- ~umber o~ washings : 14 ~ he results of these tests ~ere the followings Detergenc~: on fabric~ with ~atural dirt it appeared to be ~ignific~ntly at the same level for the composition I, forming the ob~ect o~ the present invention~ as well as for the compositions ~ and B; ~ resulted to be sig~ificantly lo~er.
Degree of whiteness: the compositions I and ~ appeared to be the best, according to the classification as sho~
hereunder:
~omposition I 1st - " A 1st n B 2nd H C 3rd Deposits on fabrics: a~sessed upon completion o~ the 14 ~ashings, and expressea as the total ashes perce~tage on a fabrio, they re~ulte~ to be as follows:
Composition I0.32%
1~38Z94 Composition A 0.25 n B - 35%
n C 1:). 90%
Deposits on heating element~ essed upon comple~ion of 14 wa3hing~ and expressed as increa~e~ in wei~ht, they gave the fo~lowing Y~1uess Composition I +0.6 g.
n A 1 t). 8 g.
n 33 - +1.3 g.
C .1 2. 5 g.
.. . . . .
`:
~ 12 .---:, .
1~38Z94 tn ..
O ~ ~r .,, o ~ ~rl N
.,~
tn ~r ,1 11 ~ W ' ~n N
O
U d O
' o a) s '''"' ~ ~ ~ S ~
W t`
O
O ~a O ~1 5 U~
o Q~
~_ O C~
0 ~1 O ~) O ~ .oP
C~ ~ t~
In _i r~
4~ S ~1 ~ ~ U
O ~ CO
a) u ~rl N
h ~ 0 U~
H ~J ~1 H ~r ~ U
W ~
~ ~ dP
~ ~ O
~ d~ dP d~ dPdP d~ dP
X o o 1' ~~D ~In o o u~ 11 W ~ ~'7 N O
4-1 ,_ O
'I ~ a.
O ~ ~ ~P
s a~
o u~ ~U ~ r~
O--I X O
O ~ O ~
U ~ u~ ~~1 h ~1 _ ~1 3~ Q~N O ~: ~ U
o a~ o ~ R~rl o ~ ou~ ~ ~ ~ a NO ~) U ~rl N ~ Q~Z :~ 3 R ~ 11 O ~~1 rl 3 ~i O Q~ i'O ~1 ~ O ~1 ~:1 h ~R ~Q Oal a~ O ~1au E U
1~ ~ u o u ~ O
H ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ d U~' o ~a u~d aJ U
O (1~ O~1 ~IIJ O ~1 0 ~ ~
o o ;J~ o ~ 0 o ~,q h ~ ~E3 0 ~IE~ X S O E
o ~ ~ ~ ~u ~ o O ~rl O ~O O ~10 ~a) ~ o o ~ ~1 O U~ U ~ U~ O
~.
~ h~ efficiency asses~ment~ haYe been m&de i~ the ~ame conditions as for e~ample I.
~ he following results were obtained:
Detergenc~: no significant differences bet~een the four examined detergents were noted.
De~ree of whiteness:
Composition ~ 1~t n II 2nd D 2nd n ~ 2nd Deposits on fabr~cs:
Compo3ition II 0.11%
n D 0.28%
. 23~o ~. P' 0~16%
Deposits on heating elements:
Composition II 0.5 g " D 1.5 g . n ~ 1.2 g n F 0-9 g o 1138294 o ~ ~ ~
., ,, o~s o , ~ o 4~
o ~ ~ P~
0 .~
0 ~ s o ~
a .c ,, g ~
o ~ ~
s ~ ~ U~
H U ~ 0 1~1 P1 3 R~
dP
o ~S o E~ o O ~ U') ~D ~1 1-- 0 r-i O ~ Q
N ~I O Q) O
-- ~ s a~ ~ ~, o R
O
~i ~ o _I x o ~ ~ ~ 0 0 o 0 3 Q~ 3 Ul h ~ I
0 ~1 al ~ h .C ~ 0 ~
o ~ ~ nS ~I r~l a~ o o 0 ,~ 115 ~ ~ h ~
~ '3 t) ~ o a~ Z ,~ .~ Q e o ~ ~ ~
~ H , ~ $ 0 0 Q~ ~ 0 0 N Q) ~ 0 `~ H rl~ItU ~1 a~ ~ 0 0 t) 1~ ~ O Q) H ~ `~ ~ IJ 0 0 ~I rl a~ 0 0 tJ) a) ~1 ~ ~ o o ~ 0 a~ rC O
~ 0 R~h O 0 r~l ~r~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ h ~ ~
O (d~'~ ~ O ~ ~J 0 0 rl ~1 0 ~: ~' h rl ~ O~1 0 ~ O h ~ :1 I Q) O
,~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ 0 a) o ,i ~ x s ~ 'o' ~ ~ e h O ~
O ~ O ~ 0 0 ,4 ~ ~ ~ h P~
r l ~ S r~ Q h r~ r~ Ul .' ~3 S ~ '~ r~ O ~
O ~r l O~1 0 0 rl 0 ~ J h O O J ~1 ; ,~ 3 tn O E~ E; O --';
1~38zg4 lQ . 1%, C12 Q . 6%, C14 = 3 . 3%, C14* = 0 . 3%, C = 1 2%
16 , C16* = ~ . 8%, C17 ~ 1 . 6~ ~ C18 = 8 . 8%
C18* = 51.1~, C18** = 7.196, C20 ~ ' 20*
C22 = 0, 4 .' ' ' , - 15a -'~' ~, ii38Z94 ~ he detergents A and ~ are the same as for the Examples I ana II.
A180 in this instance, the method~ and the oondi.tion3 o~ ~sessment are similar to ~hose described in Example I.
etergency: no sign1ficant difference~ in e~ficiency haYe been noted.
De~ree of ~hiteness: Composition III 1st A 1st ~ 1st De~o~it~ on fabrics; Composition III 0,2~%
A 0.25~
F 0.16%
Deposits on the heating elsments:
Composition III 0.8 g 0.8 g 0-9 g A130 a series of 5~ consecutive washings ~a8 carried out nith the composition~ o~ Examples I, II, III, in order to disco~er any damages po~sibly caused to the automatisms of wa~hing machines. In any case it was not ~ound a situation worse than the situation that occurs with the commonly sold detergent A, ~, F, already mentioned in the disclosure of the examples.
~ he prsceding ~peci~ic embodiments are merely illustrsti~e of the in~ention. It is to be under~tood 1~3829~
however that other expedients known to those skille the ~rt, or di~clo~ed herein, may be employed without departirg from the spirit of the invention or the ~cope of the appended claim~.
============_====_=_====_===_========
~ he present invention refers to dried, ~inPlly divicLed detergent compositions, and more particularly to those powaery detergent compo3ition for use either by hand washing or in automatic washing machines, to launder or wa~h any type of fabric.
It i8 known that in order to be efficient to a satiefactory degree, a detergent composition mu3t be formed by at lea~t 5 (a) one or more surface active agents;
(b) one or more hardness ions removal agents, in oder to reduce the hardnees of the washing ~ater;
(¢) agents performing an alkalizing function;
(d) optic~l brighteners or chem~cal bleaching agents, in order to increase the whiteness of the fibers treated ~ith them.
~ he composition i8 genera~ly completed by additive3 to be present in sm~ll amounts, exerting ~ariou3 supporting a¢tion~, a8 ~ell as by inert fillers.
~he hardness ion~ seques.tering agents are commonly te~med "buildersn, and are ~urther responsible of variou3 desirable actions, exerted concurrentlg with their sequestering action, su¢h as for example, the peptizing action, the aispersing action, the anti-redeposition . . ~F
~i3~
acti~)n, r~he cla~ of substances which nowadays still perform this number o~ functions in the most satiefactory manner are the polypho~phates. ~o the polypho~phate3, however, it has been attributed a crucial action in promoting under particular conditions ~n uncontrolled propagatio~
of seaweedes within any surface ~aters (eutrophication factor), which leads to an adverse effect resulting from the alteration of the environmental conditions with consequent lo~ering of the oxygen content of the waters, due to ~ermentatio~ processes connected with the final stage o~ the seæweeds vit~l ¢ycle. ~he lowering of the oæygen content in the waters also adversely affects the vitPl cycle of the aquatic fauna.
In detergents, the substitution of polyphosphates is not an ~asy matter, since at present no other substaxce~
are avP~lable which are ~ureIy harmless from the vie~point of the environmental pollution and which pos~es~ the number of requirements ~hich are typic~l of a good builder.
D~E~__IPIIQN=O~ ~HE INVEN~ION
Quite surprisingly, it has bee~ found that it is pos9ible to substantiPlly reduce or even eliminate the polypho~phate content in the detergent composition3, without affeoting their ~ashing efficiency, by parti~lly ~38~9~
or totally substituting the polyphosphate~ in the detergent composition by a synergic combination of a ~oap and a soluble salt of the citric acid, hccording to a main aspect, the detergent compositions according to the present invention are characterized by a content of from 10% to 50% of a water soluble, pre~erably an alkzline-metal salt of the citric acid, a~d from 5~
to 60% of a water soluble, preferably an aIk~line-metal g~lt of natur~l or synthe~ic fatty acids, with a chain 7ength of from 6 to 24 atoms o~ carbon.
~ h; g kind o~ alkaline-metals fatty acias s~lts are commonly aesigned as "soaps", and 80 they will be ter~ed heins~ter.
It is essential that the two aforementioned compounds be simultaneously present in a detergent compo~ition, slnce ~either of them has the power of individually performing the action of builder, ~
required ~f a substantial reduction or a complete substitution of the polyphosphates is desired in the detergent compositio~
~ he sy~ergic action o~ the citrate and of the soap according to the invention i8 best shown when the ~sshing i~ done at high temperature~, where the diminished complexing po~er of the citrate is compensated by the de-hardening action of the soap 1~3~Z94 -., c2using the precipitation of the hardness ions present in the water, in the form of water-insoluble soaps.
~he lprecipitate thu~ ~ormed within the wa~hing solutio~
kas no eignificant tendency to ~tick to the w~shing machine or to the ~abrics.
~ he detergent compositions according to the present invention are furthermore characterized by a P content ranging between 0~ and 2.~% by weight in the final ~etergenu compositio , ~hich i8 a significantly reduced content if co~pared to the ordinary detergent~ used for t~e w&shing of fabrics, in which the P content ge~erP~ly has a much higher v~lue, in the range of 6 to 8% or more. ~he detergent ¢ompositions acoording to the pr2sent invention are therefore provided with a low eutrophication po~er, since the percentage o~ P is at a lo~ or at a zero vPlue. ~he citrate ~ich i8 present i ~hese compositions has a very low toxicity to~ard any se~weeds, invertebrates, fishes and ma~mal~. ~oreover it has a good biological degr2dabilty both in the w~ter ~a in the eart~ both in aerobic and anaerobic conaitions~
~he soPp too h~ a very low level of toxicity, ~n~ it c~n be wholly degraded into C02 and water i~ a very quick manner. ~herefore tke pollution power of the citrate and the soap results to be a particularly low one, wkile the dsgree of thsir ecologic consistency appears to be high.
.
~ Tarious surface-active agent~, ~Ikalizing agent~, supportin~ agents, atain removing agents, bleaching age~i~, optical brightener~, anti-redeposition agents, ~d ~ulert filler~ may be added to the composition according to the invention. ~he said agents are ~ell known in the art, ~nd will be not described ~urther.
1~ the composition according to the in~ention PlSo other sequesteri~g agents dif~erent from polyphosphates Pnd citrate mlght be used, in order to achieve some Pdditional performances of the detergents, i~ addition to tho~e ~lready quite satis~actory, which can be obtained wlth the detergents according to the inventio~.
Among the several sequestering agents ~hich cPn be u ed in combination in the composition according to the invention, the following organic acids, ~nd their salts, c~n be me~tioneas poly-carboxyl acids (other than citric acid); hydroxy-carboxyl acids; ~mino-carboxyl acids; carboxyl-~lkil-ethers; carboxyl -2nd phosphonic acids (with a m~ximum P ~alue of 2.5 in weight/c~lculated on the total weight of the composition); polyPnionic polymers.
~ g æ~ ex~ple of inorganic type agents de~elopping a comple~ing action, the compound~ corresponaing to the general formula:
(~at2/~1)X Me23-(sio23Y
113~Z9~L
may be mentioned, ~here ~at i8 a cation of the valénce n, exchangeable wQth calcium, x i8 a number from 0,7 to 1.5, Me i~ a member selected from the group co~ ting of aluminum and boron, and y is a ~umber from 0.8 to 6~
he compo~ition according to the in~ention c~n be prepared by any process which i8 suitable for the production of powdery detergents-~ he~e compositions are preferably prepared by aproces3 by ~hich the alkali metal ~alt of the citric acid, the soap ~nd the other components of the composition, which are stable under heat condition~
the form of aqueous pulpy batche3 are transformed by hot drying, preferably by hot atomization, into easy to handle powders, particularly into beads. ~o the thu~
obtai~ed powdered composition it is pos~ible to add some compone~ts, such as perborates, enzymes, perfumes nd the like components that cannot be subjected to the heat-drying proce~s.
~ he detergent compositions of the present in~ention do ~ot present the problems ~hich sre peculiar of the compositions with a lo~, or no conte~t of polyphosphates~
~ ne of these problems is con~tituted by the tendency to ~orm incrustations o~ the metallic parts of the ~ashing machine, and particularly on the tank or o~ the 1;138294 drum of the wa~hing machine~, or on the movable parts of the pump a~d o~ the discharge valve, on the pre~sure ~witch~ and especiPlly on the heati~g elements of the said machines. Particularly in the case of incrustation~
on the heating elements several adverse effects might occur. At ~irst, the thus formed incrustation tends to reduce the heat e~change between the heating elements a~d the ~ash~ng ~ater bath. ~his entrains the risk of an undue increa~e in the temperature of the heating element~, 80 that the heating elemerLts will probably ha~e a shorter average life. ~oreover, the washing cycle nill last for a longer time, if the switching from the one to the next ~tep of the cy¢le is controlled by a thermostat. As a re~ult, not only a waste of time will be produced, but also a ~aste of energy. In the case ~n w~ich the switching ~rom the one to the next step of the cycle is controlled by a timer, the result will be that a temperature lower than that requested w~ll be attæined in the concerned washing step. ~hi~
w;ll produce, according to statistical data, a lo~ering of the washing ef~iciency.
~ 11 the abo~e factors have an adverse influence on the average liie of the washing machine.
~ nother problem connected with detergents having a low, or even no content of polyphosphates, is that o~
the loading of the fabrics~ due to the deposition of 1~38Z94 sQlts on the washed fabrics. ~he fabrics might therefore becom greyish and rougher to the feel, and these factor~
are both of a fundamental importance as to the stand~rd of the ~a~hing.
~ he average life of the fabrics i8 al~o adversely a~fectea.
- ~inslly, tho problem which probably is the mo~t importa~t in detergent compositions with a lo~, or eve~ no conte~t of polyphosphates is the prob~em o~ the washing performance of the detergent.
~ he user~ are presently accustomed to employ high sta~dara detergents ~hich permit to obtain guite satisfactory results. ~his is also due to the sign~ficant contribution of polyphosphates ~hich occur in the presently used detergents.
~ he detergent~ of the present invention permit to keep at a good standard the effects of the ~ashing of fabrics, and to ~ep u~damaged, in the mec~n;cal wa~hing~ the compnnents of a wa~hing machine. By the u~e of the detergents according to the invention, the incrustations on the machins drum, on the tank surfaces ~n~ on the heating element~ are eliminated or reduced to a minimum, Pn~ also incrustations on ths washed fabric~
~re very reduced~ wi~h a good efficiency o~ deter~ency.
ere~ore the compo~itions a¢cording bo the i~ventio~
, :
1~38294 per~it to keep the a~erage like of both the fabrics and the washing machines almost stationary.
~ he ~ollowing ~pecific embodimente are illu~trative of the invention, ~ithout being limitative in any re~pect. In the following ~ample~, ~ome deterge~t compositior3 made according to the invention have been compared with ~ome commercial detergents having a high P content, i~ order to compare their efficiency.
. . ~ . ;.. -..: .
. .. ;~.,Y;~ :
i~38Z94 a~
o 8 ~, ~ g ~
o , . ~ .
m U
o 0 ~ N ~ V
g O O
o m V ~ , o m U
o~.
mff~
. ~ a V
V
QS:~ . m C~ o - ~ ..
h o .,~~, ~4 F4 ' o~
P, 4' O O O O O 0~ 0 0 ~ 3 O ~
O tt~ U~ N ~D ~ O O r I
~ ~ 8 . a3 .- ~ ~
m ,~
0 o ~
0 ~ o - ~ _ 0~ O P~
P~ ~ ~I ~ O ~? Sl , ~ ~ ,, M S~ OD h t~
O ~ r1 ~ 0 C.. l O S:
o a~ ~ ~~ 0d O
r~ r~ ~ ~o ~ o 11 h F~ 0. r~ ~ O ~ m ~ ~ 0 o, ~~ ,~ ~ ~ o a~
~rlh r O ~
0 Z O ~ V
3 ::5~ ~ ~ In o 0 p. a~ o a~
~ o m o ~ ~D
H ~`-- ~ ~ ~ m 0 ,~
o o~ o o3 0 o o h 0 ~ ,s: Id o Q ~ m ,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
w a~ o ,~ ~1 ~ 0 o ,~ ~ U
~1 0O OD O ~ ~ ~ h tD h s ~D
m O ~d ~ m ~ ~ o q) o o O ~ O ,~ h -h ,1 ~ m O~ ~ ~0 ~O ~ ~0 ~0 ~ 0 ~ ~0 O''-- _ -.
- ~138Z94 The te~ts were made in a drum-type washing machine at the following conditions~.
- Detergent concen~ration s 7.5 ~l in water - ~araness of t~e water t 25F (french degrees) - ~oad of laundry with natural dirt 2 4.5 Eg.
- Washing temperature : from ambient temperature up to 90~
- ~umber o~ washings : 14 ~ he results of these tests ~ere the followings Detergenc~: on fabric~ with ~atural dirt it appeared to be ~ignific~ntly at the same level for the composition I, forming the ob~ect o~ the present invention~ as well as for the compositions ~ and B; ~ resulted to be sig~ificantly lo~er.
Degree of whiteness: the compositions I and ~ appeared to be the best, according to the classification as sho~
hereunder:
~omposition I 1st - " A 1st n B 2nd H C 3rd Deposits on fabrics: a~sessed upon completion o~ the 14 ~ashings, and expressea as the total ashes perce~tage on a fabrio, they re~ulte~ to be as follows:
Composition I0.32%
1~38Z94 Composition A 0.25 n B - 35%
n C 1:). 90%
Deposits on heating element~ essed upon comple~ion of 14 wa3hing~ and expressed as increa~e~ in wei~ht, they gave the fo~lowing Y~1uess Composition I +0.6 g.
n A 1 t). 8 g.
n 33 - +1.3 g.
C .1 2. 5 g.
.. . . . .
`:
~ 12 .---:, .
1~38Z94 tn ..
O ~ ~r .,, o ~ ~rl N
.,~
tn ~r ,1 11 ~ W ' ~n N
O
U d O
' o a) s '''"' ~ ~ ~ S ~
W t`
O
O ~a O ~1 5 U~
o Q~
~_ O C~
0 ~1 O ~) O ~ .oP
C~ ~ t~
In _i r~
4~ S ~1 ~ ~ U
O ~ CO
a) u ~rl N
h ~ 0 U~
H ~J ~1 H ~r ~ U
W ~
~ ~ dP
~ ~ O
~ d~ dP d~ dPdP d~ dP
X o o 1' ~~D ~In o o u~ 11 W ~ ~'7 N O
4-1 ,_ O
'I ~ a.
O ~ ~ ~P
s a~
o u~ ~U ~ r~
O--I X O
O ~ O ~
U ~ u~ ~~1 h ~1 _ ~1 3~ Q~N O ~: ~ U
o a~ o ~ R~rl o ~ ou~ ~ ~ ~ a NO ~) U ~rl N ~ Q~Z :~ 3 R ~ 11 O ~~1 rl 3 ~i O Q~ i'O ~1 ~ O ~1 ~:1 h ~R ~Q Oal a~ O ~1au E U
1~ ~ u o u ~ O
H ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ d U~' o ~a u~d aJ U
O (1~ O~1 ~IIJ O ~1 0 ~ ~
o o ;J~ o ~ 0 o ~,q h ~ ~E3 0 ~IE~ X S O E
o ~ ~ ~ ~u ~ o O ~rl O ~O O ~10 ~a) ~ o o ~ ~1 O U~ U ~ U~ O
~.
~ h~ efficiency asses~ment~ haYe been m&de i~ the ~ame conditions as for e~ample I.
~ he following results were obtained:
Detergenc~: no significant differences bet~een the four examined detergents were noted.
De~ree of whiteness:
Composition ~ 1~t n II 2nd D 2nd n ~ 2nd Deposits on fabr~cs:
Compo3ition II 0.11%
n D 0.28%
. 23~o ~. P' 0~16%
Deposits on heating elements:
Composition II 0.5 g " D 1.5 g . n ~ 1.2 g n F 0-9 g o 1138294 o ~ ~ ~
., ,, o~s o , ~ o 4~
o ~ ~ P~
0 .~
0 ~ s o ~
a .c ,, g ~
o ~ ~
s ~ ~ U~
H U ~ 0 1~1 P1 3 R~
dP
o ~S o E~ o O ~ U') ~D ~1 1-- 0 r-i O ~ Q
N ~I O Q) O
-- ~ s a~ ~ ~, o R
O
~i ~ o _I x o ~ ~ ~ 0 0 o 0 3 Q~ 3 Ul h ~ I
0 ~1 al ~ h .C ~ 0 ~
o ~ ~ nS ~I r~l a~ o o 0 ,~ 115 ~ ~ h ~
~ '3 t) ~ o a~ Z ,~ .~ Q e o ~ ~ ~
~ H , ~ $ 0 0 Q~ ~ 0 0 N Q) ~ 0 `~ H rl~ItU ~1 a~ ~ 0 0 t) 1~ ~ O Q) H ~ `~ ~ IJ 0 0 ~I rl a~ 0 0 tJ) a) ~1 ~ ~ o o ~ 0 a~ rC O
~ 0 R~h O 0 r~l ~r~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ h ~ ~
O (d~'~ ~ O ~ ~J 0 0 rl ~1 0 ~: ~' h rl ~ O~1 0 ~ O h ~ :1 I Q) O
,~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ 0 a) o ,i ~ x s ~ 'o' ~ ~ e h O ~
O ~ O ~ 0 0 ,4 ~ ~ ~ h P~
r l ~ S r~ Q h r~ r~ Ul .' ~3 S ~ '~ r~ O ~
O ~r l O~1 0 0 rl 0 ~ J h O O J ~1 ; ,~ 3 tn O E~ E; O --';
1~38zg4 lQ . 1%, C12 Q . 6%, C14 = 3 . 3%, C14* = 0 . 3%, C = 1 2%
16 , C16* = ~ . 8%, C17 ~ 1 . 6~ ~ C18 = 8 . 8%
C18* = 51.1~, C18** = 7.196, C20 ~ ' 20*
C22 = 0, 4 .' ' ' , - 15a -'~' ~, ii38Z94 ~ he detergents A and ~ are the same as for the Examples I ana II.
A180 in this instance, the method~ and the oondi.tion3 o~ ~sessment are similar to ~hose described in Example I.
etergency: no sign1ficant difference~ in e~ficiency haYe been noted.
De~ree of ~hiteness: Composition III 1st A 1st ~ 1st De~o~it~ on fabrics; Composition III 0,2~%
A 0.25~
F 0.16%
Deposits on the heating elsments:
Composition III 0.8 g 0.8 g 0-9 g A130 a series of 5~ consecutive washings ~a8 carried out nith the composition~ o~ Examples I, II, III, in order to disco~er any damages po~sibly caused to the automatisms of wa~hing machines. In any case it was not ~ound a situation worse than the situation that occurs with the commonly sold detergent A, ~, F, already mentioned in the disclosure of the examples.
~ he prsceding ~peci~ic embodiments are merely illustrsti~e of the in~ention. It is to be under~tood 1~3829~
however that other expedients known to those skille the ~rt, or di~clo~ed herein, may be employed without departirg from the spirit of the invention or the ~cope of the appended claim~.
Claims (15)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A dried, finely divided detergent composition comprising surface active agents; alkalizing agents; bleaching agents; fillers; and hardness ions complexing agents, with a total phosphorus content from 0 to 2.5% by weight based on the total weight of the final composition, comprising as main hardness ions complexing agent, from 10 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the final composition, of a water soluble salt of the citric acid, and from 5 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the final compasition, of a water composition, soluble salt of a fatty acid having a chain length from 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
2. A composition according to claim 1, in which the said fatty acid is selected from the natural fatty acids.
3. A composition according to claim 1, in which the said fatty acid is selected from the synthetic fatty acids.
4. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the said fatty acids have a chain length from 10 to 12 carbon atoms.
5. A composition according to claim 1, in which the said salt of the citric acid is an alkali metal salt of the citric acid.
6. A composition according to claim 1, in which the said salt of the fatty acids is an alkali metal salt of the fatty acid.
7. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3 in which the said salt of the citric acid is present in an amount from 20 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the composition.
8. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3 in which the said salt of the fatty acids is present in an amount from 15 to 35% by weight, based on the weight of the composition.
9. A composition according to claim 5, in which the soluble salt of the citric acid is tri-sodium citrate.
10. A composition according to claim 6, in which the soluble salt of the fatty acid is the sodium salt of natural fatty acids.
11. A composition according to claim 2, in which the said fatty acids are saturated by hydrogenation.
12. A compositon according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which said surface active agents are anionic surface active agents.
13. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the said surface active agents are non-ionic surface active agents.
14. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the said surface active agents are cationic surface active agents.
15. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the said surface active agents are amphoteric surface active agents.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT12524A/79 | 1979-03-23 | ||
IT12524/79A IT1124027B (en) | 1979-03-23 | 1979-03-23 | DETERGENT COMPOSITION WITH LOW OR NO PHOSPHORUS CONTENT |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1138294A true CA1138294A (en) | 1982-12-28 |
Family
ID=11141178
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000346518A Expired CA1138294A (en) | 1979-03-23 | 1980-02-27 | Detergent composition |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS568500A (en) |
AR (1) | AR222072A1 (en) |
BE (1) | BE882316A (en) |
BR (1) | BR8001652A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1138294A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3010590A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK122880A (en) |
FI (1) | FI800526A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2451940A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2047264A (en) |
GR (1) | GR67212B (en) |
IE (1) | IE800313L (en) |
IT (1) | IT1124027B (en) |
LU (1) | LU82283A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL8001680A (en) |
NO (1) | NO800843L (en) |
PT (1) | PT70983A (en) |
SE (1) | SE8002189L (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PH19239A (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1986-02-14 | Unilever Nv | Fabric washing process and detergent composition for use therein |
PH18527A (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1985-08-02 | Unilever Nv | Detergent composition for washing fabric |
GB2179669B (en) * | 1985-08-15 | 1988-12-29 | Procter & Gamble | Built liquid detergents |
SK280571B6 (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 2000-03-13 | Unilever Nv | Particulate detergent compositions |
GB9324129D0 (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1994-01-12 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions and process for preparing them |
JP7347447B2 (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2023-09-20 | 日油株式会社 | bar soap |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE352652B (en) * | 1969-10-01 | 1973-01-08 | Hentschel V | |
US4013577A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1977-03-22 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Heavy duty dry biodegradable detergent composition |
IT1002614B (en) * | 1973-01-15 | 1976-05-20 | Colgate Palmolive Co | ANIONIC DETERGENT WITHOUT PHOSPHATES |
AT338947B (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1977-09-26 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | METHOD AND MEANS FOR WASHING AND CLEANING THE SURFACES OF SOLID MATERIALS, IN PARTICULAR OF TEXTILES |
DE2552506A1 (en) * | 1975-11-22 | 1977-05-26 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | MACHINE APPLICABLE COMBINED DISHWASHER AND RINSE AID AND PROCESS FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY CLEANING AND RINSE DISHWASHER IN DISHWASHER |
JPS5340203A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1978-04-12 | Hitachi Ltd | Charging pulse transmission system |
NL7815052A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1980-01-31 | Procter & Gamble | Granular detergents for better grease removal. |
DE2852285A1 (en) * | 1978-12-02 | 1980-06-12 | Henkel Kgaa | LOW-PHOSPHATE FRUIT SALT MIXTURE AND THEIR USE IN DETERGENT AND CLEANING AGENTS |
-
1979
- 1979-03-23 IT IT12524/79A patent/IT1124027B/en active
-
1980
- 1980-02-19 IE IE800313A patent/IE800313L/en unknown
- 1980-02-22 FI FI800526A patent/FI800526A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-02-25 GR GR61279A patent/GR67212B/el unknown
- 1980-02-27 CA CA000346518A patent/CA1138294A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-03-11 FR FR8005422A patent/FR2451940A1/en active Pending
- 1980-03-17 GB GB8008923A patent/GB2047264A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-03-19 DE DE19803010590 patent/DE3010590A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-03-19 BE BE0/199862A patent/BE882316A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-03-20 BR BR8001652A patent/BR8001652A/en unknown
- 1980-03-20 SE SE8002189A patent/SE8002189L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-03-20 PT PT70983A patent/PT70983A/en unknown
- 1980-03-21 NL NL8001680A patent/NL8001680A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-03-21 DK DK122880A patent/DK122880A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-03-21 AR AR280404A patent/AR222072A1/en active
- 1980-03-21 JP JP3486980A patent/JPS568500A/en active Pending
- 1980-03-21 LU LU82283A patent/LU82283A1/en unknown
- 1980-03-24 NO NO800843A patent/NO800843L/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AR222072A1 (en) | 1981-04-15 |
JPS568500A (en) | 1981-01-28 |
FR2451940A1 (en) | 1980-10-17 |
DE3010590A1 (en) | 1980-10-09 |
IE800313L (en) | 1980-09-23 |
BE882316A (en) | 1980-07-16 |
GB2047264A (en) | 1980-11-26 |
NO800843L (en) | 1980-09-24 |
GR67212B (en) | 1981-06-24 |
SE8002189L (en) | 1980-09-24 |
BR8001652A (en) | 1980-11-18 |
IT7912524A0 (en) | 1979-03-23 |
IT1124027B (en) | 1986-05-07 |
LU82283A1 (en) | 1980-07-01 |
DK122880A (en) | 1980-09-24 |
PT70983A (en) | 1980-04-01 |
FI800526A (en) | 1980-09-24 |
NL8001680A (en) | 1980-09-25 |
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