CA1127117A - Device for coupling a boom to a tool - Google Patents
Device for coupling a boom to a toolInfo
- Publication number
- CA1127117A CA1127117A CA335,383A CA335383A CA1127117A CA 1127117 A CA1127117 A CA 1127117A CA 335383 A CA335383 A CA 335383A CA 1127117 A CA1127117 A CA 1127117A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- trailing
- boom
- leading
- adaptor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/3604—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like
- E02F3/3609—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat
- E02F3/3622—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat with a hook and a locking element acting on a pin
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
- Shovels (AREA)
- Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
- Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a device for coupling a boom of an excavating machine or the like to a tool, for instance an excavating bucket, the boom being rotatably connected to the tool by means of a boom shaft and steering shaft, wherein by means of the boom shaft and the steering shaft an inter-mediate piece is mounted, at its lower side being provided with a leading shaft and a trailing shaft which are mutually parallel and of which the journals can be included in bearings which are mounted in an adaptor secured to the tool, the mutual space between the leading and trailing journals to be received in the bearing can be changed by means of adjustment means such that before coupling the trailing journals can penetrate the relative bearings and after coupling of the intermediate piece to the adaptor they immovably abut the relative bearing openings in the adaptor under pretension.
The present invention relates to a device for coupling a boom of an excavating machine or the like to a tool, for instance an excavating bucket, the boom being rotatably connected to the tool by means of a boom shaft and steering shaft, wherein by means of the boom shaft and the steering shaft an inter-mediate piece is mounted, at its lower side being provided with a leading shaft and a trailing shaft which are mutually parallel and of which the journals can be included in bearings which are mounted in an adaptor secured to the tool, the mutual space between the leading and trailing journals to be received in the bearing can be changed by means of adjustment means such that before coupling the trailing journals can penetrate the relative bearings and after coupling of the intermediate piece to the adaptor they immovably abut the relative bearing openings in the adaptor under pretension.
Description
~Z7~17 The invention relates to a device for coupling a boom of an excavating machine or the like to a tool, for instance an excavating bucket, the boom being rotatably connected to the tool by means of a boom shaft and a steer:ing shaft.
Such a device is generally known.
A bucket or the like is rotatably and permanently connected to a boom by means of suspension plates welded thereto. For that reason the suspension plates are provided with extending bores, the axes of said bores being parallel to the lower side of the bucket located at the front side. The position of the bores with respect to the upper side of the upper plate of the bucket as well as the mutual space in a suspension plate and the diameter of the bores are dependent on the manufacture and the type of excavating machine or the like, for which the bucket is adapted. The mutual location of the axes of the steering shaft (joint of steering arms with the bucket) and boom shaft (joint with boom) the point of rotation of the boom, the rotation arms, the connection boom, operation cylinder and steering arms are also different from one another in all types and manufactures. The width of the boom also varies with the result that a bucket of a determined type, fitting in a machine of a determined manufacture, cannot be coupled (connected) to a machine of an other manufacture. In vlew of the high number of manufactures the possibilities for a normalisation of operation cylinder and boom structure cannot be realised at the moment.
The connection of a bucket to a machine or changing the bucket type is a laborious and time absorbing job. The locking of the steering shaft and those of the boom shaft should be dismounted, after which these shafts should be removed. In praxis this means that the shafts are driven out by means of a hammer and a pipe. During these activities the bucket is positioned on the ground. After uncoupling of the tool the engineer can swing the boom with steering arm above an other bucket in order to ., ~
11Z`7~7 connect this by operation of the boom cylinder as well as the swinging mechanism of the machine. The boom and steering arm should be located such with respect to the bucket with suspension plates that the axes of the bores in the machine for the steering snaft and for the boom shaft are exactly aligned with the axes of the respective bores in the suspension plates of the bucket. Thereafter the steering shaft and boom shaft can be driven in and the lockings for the steering shaft and the boom shaft can be mounted. These activities last for about 45-70 minutes. A third portion of this time is required for disconnecting (uncoupling) of the bucket and two third of the time for the connection of the bucket. It is clear, that this means much loss of time especially when, as often occurs in praxis, more times a day an other bucket should be arranged. Moreover, in praxis, the disadvantage occurs, when often changing the tool, that the original fitting tolerances are completely lost.
The above described problem with respect to the long times for changing the tool could be solved by arranging a plate-shaped intermediate piece which is mounted once by means of suspension plates on the steering shaft and boom shaft and on the one side is adapted to machines of different manufactures and types and on the other side fits in a plate-shaped adaptor which is arranged on all buckets and tools, c.q. mounted, c.q.
welded, and which forms the upper plate of the bucket or the tool. ~he coupling of the adaptor and the intermèdiate piece could take place by means of bolts. The intermediate piece could be provided with four bolt holes and the adaptor with four threaded holes, the pattern of which corresponding to the bolt holes in the intermediate piece. For coupling the bolt holes and the threaded holes should be aligned by steering the machine. Although with this structure the dismantling of the locking, the driving out of the shafts and subsequently driving in of the shafts and the mounting of the locking are deleted, the problem of an accurate positioning of the machine boom with its steering arm with respect to the adaptor on the bucket is not solved therewith, as the axes of the four bolt holes in the intermediate piece should be aligned with the axes of ~Z7i~7 the threaded holes in the adaptor before the bolts can be driven in and tightened. When the machine is positioned in an other plane than the bucket the coupling of the boom and bucket will laboriously be effected. For the connection of the bucket which should be provided with such an adaptor to a machine having an intermediate piece as described above, two persons are needed namely one for the machine and one for the bucket.
The object of the invention is to simplify a device of the above type and to remove the above objections completely and for that reason the invention is characterized in that by means of the boom shaft and the steering shaft an intermediate piece is mounted, at its lower side being provided with a leading shaft and a trailing shaft secured thereto which are mutually parallel and of which the journals can be included in bearings which are mounted in an adaptor secured to the tool, the mutual space between the leading and trailing journals to be received in the bearings can be changed by means of adjustment means such that before coupling the trailing journals can penetrate the relative bearings and after coupling of the intermediate piece to the adaptor they unmovably abut the relative bearing openings in the adaptor under pretension.
The device according to the invention provides the following advantages.
Already durin~ the connection of the tool, for instance an excavating bucket which is provided with an adaptor according to the invention, a receiving of the leading journals of the intermediate piece by the leading bearings of the adaptor takes place. The intermediate piece as well as the adaptor do not contain spare portions. The uncoupling of a bucket or other tool requires about ~ ninutes whereas the connection requires about 5 minutes. In th~se periods the time for the operation of the machine is included.
Constructively the adaptor is substantially charged with pressure and the intermediate piece with bending. According to the invention all tools are secured to the machine via the coupling device without any tolerance, by which all components of the coupling device are only subjected to a minimum wear which could be neglected. In dependence on the contents, the height at the inlet side and the width of the bucket the adaptors are 25, 30, 35 or 40 mm thick. The intermediate piece should be constructively tuned to the power of the machine and bucket cylinder. It is however, the case, that a light bucket fits in a heavy machine and reversed that a heavy bucket can be connected to a light machine. The present structure is sturdy and compact, is statically completely determined and is umnovably fixed in the coupling points under pretension. The economic and material aspects are important points when coupling a tool to a machine. The average age of the machine is 3 to 5 years. The duration of life of a bucket is 2 to 3 years, i.e. that during the life time of the machine more than one bucket (of the same or of an other type and/or manufacture) is used. A bucket with an adaptor according to the invention saves a lot of material at initial purchase and replacement. moreover a bucket with adaptor according to the invention can be manufactured in a cheaper way.
A single purchase of an intexmediate piece according to the invention (for the life time of the machine) economises therefore in the initial costs of the bucket and in the times for changing.
The invention will be further elucidated on the basis of the drawing.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a plan view of a known bucket structure with welded suspension plates.
Fig. 1A schematically shows a plan view of the bucket of fig. 1, which is provided with a plate-shaped adaptor having an intermediate piece secured thereto.
Fig. 2 shows a side view of the bucket of fig. 1.
Fig. 2A shows a side view of the upper portion of the bucket of fig. 1A.
Fig. 2B shows a cross section of the connections between adaptor and intermediate piece of fig. 1A~
Fig. 3 schematically shows a boom structure with a tool secured thereto (bucket).
Fig. 3A schematically shows the outermost positions of a bucket on a boom structure in side view.
Fig. 3B shows a boom structure according to fig. 3 or of fig. 3A, said boom structure being provided with a plate-shaped intermediate piece.
The fig. 3 througX 8 schematically show examples of embodiments according to the present invention of connections between intermediate piece and adaptor.
Fig. 9 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows IX-IX of fig.4.
Fig. 10 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows X-X of fig.4.
Fig. 11 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows XI-XI of fig. 5.
Fig. 12 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows XII-XII
of fig. 6.
Fig. 13 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows XIII-XIII of fig. 7.
Fig. 14 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows XIV-XIV
of fig. 8.
Fig. 15 shows a plan view of an adaptor according to the invention.
:;
l~Z71~7 Fig. 16 shows a side view and a partial vertical cross section of the adaptor of fig. 15.
Fig. 17 shows a plan view of a portion of an intermediate piece according to the invention.
Fig. 18 shows a side view of the intermediate piece of fig. 17.
Fig. 19 shows a plan view of an amended embodiment of a trailing journal structure according to the invention.
Fig. 20 shows a front view of the structure of fig. 19.
The fig. 21 through 24 subsequently show the various mutual positions and displacements of the leading shaft of an intermediate piece provided with a coercive cam when coupling the intermediate piece and the adaptor according to the invention.
The fig. 25 and 26 show the mutual position of the intermediate piece and the adaptor during entering of the trailing shaft of the intermediate piece into the trailing shaft bearing of the adaptor for completely coupling intermediate piece and adaptor.
The fig. 27 and 28 show the positions of the bucket belonging to the positions of the leading shaft indicated in fig. 21 and 22 which are different from one another.
In the fig. 1, 2, 3 and 3A a generally applied coupling device is shown, in which a bucket, provided with an inlet side 5, a rear plate 3, a bucket pipe 17, side plates 29 and front side 30, is rotatably and permanently connected to the boom by means of receiving plates 1 welded thereto. For that reason the suspension plates are provided with extending bores 7, 8, in which the axes 31, 32 of the bores are parallel to the lower side of l~Z7117 the bucket knife 6 positioned at the front side (vide the fig. 3 and 1).
The position of the bores 7, 8 with respect to the upper side of the bucket plate 4 and the bucket diagonal 20 as well as the mutual distance in a suspension plate and the diameter of the bores 7, 8 are dependent on the manufacture and the type of excavating machine for which the bucket (c.~. tool) is adapted. In dependence upon the type of bucket the bucXet angle indicated with 21 can be 96-125 . The width of the bucket is indicated with 23 and the height of the bucket with 22. To the boom a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 13 (bucket cylinder) with plunger rod 14 is permanently secured. The rear side of this cylinder is pivotally suspended in the point of rotation of the boom 12 which is provided in bearing plates 24 which are welded to the boom. At the front side the bucket is pivotally connected to the rotating arm 15 by means of the head of the plunger rod 14 in the point of rotation of the steering arm 55.
The second point of rotation of the rotating arm 15 is supported in the boom by means of the rotating arm shaft 19. In the point of rotation of the steering arm 55 the steering arm 16, for opening and closing the bucket, is also pivotally mounted. The steering arm 16 is pivotally connected to the suspension plates 1 of the bucket at the other side via the steering shaft 9, said plates being symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis 53 of the bucket. The ~uspension plates 1 are secured to the boom 11 by means of a boom shaft 10. The mutual location of the axes of the steering shaft, the boom shaft, the rotating arm shaft and the steering arm shaft as well as the width of the boom are different in all types and manufactures. During dismount~ng and mounting of a bucket the bucket is positioned on the ground. The steering arm and the boom 11 are not connected to the bucket anymore. By operation of the boom and its bucket cylinder and swinging of the machine an engineer can swing the boom 11 with steering arm 16 above an other bucket in order to connect this. The boom 11 and the steering arm 16 should be positioned such with respect to the bucket with suspension plates, that the axes of the bores llZ7~7 in the machine for the steering shaft and the boom shaft are exactly aligned with the axes 31 of respectively the bores 8 and 7 in the suspension plates 1 of the bucket. Thereafter the steering shaft and the boom shaft can be introduced (and the lockings for the steering shaft and the boom shaft can be mounted).
In fig. 3A the outermost positions of the bucket on the boom structure are shown. Therewith 25 represents the limit of bucket "completely open"
or bucket "completely closed". In dependence upon the angle of the bucket the closure angle indicated with 26 is 15-30. The limit bucket "completely closed" is indicated with 27, whereas 28 represents the angle deflection being 165-190 dependent on the manufacture of the machine. The opening point of the bucket is indicated with 33 and the closure point with 32.
The times for changing could be shortened by arranging an intermediate piece 48 (the fig. lA~ 2A, 2B and 3B) which on the one side is adapted to various manufactures and types of excavating machines and on the other hand fits in a provision (adaptor) arranged c.q. mounted, c.q.
welded to all buckets and tools.
Such an intermediate piece with suspension plates 47 adapted to the excavating machlne remains permanently secured to the boom shaft and the steering shaft (vide fig. 2A). The distance of the suspension plates is adapted to the width of the boom. All buckets are provided with an adaptor having the configuration of a plate 41. The adaptor embodied as upper plate of the bucket is provided with four welded threaded holes 46 having internal screw thread for receiving front securing bolts 49 and rear securing bolts 50. The axes 36, 37 of the bores provided with screw thread in the threaded holes 46 coincide with the pattern of also four extending holes of the intermediate piece 48 embodied as plate in order to interconnect the intermediate piece to the adaptor by means of bolts at mutual space of 25 mm indicated with numeral 2(fig. 2B). The ~iZ'7~17 bolt holes 56 mounted in the intermediate piece are positioned in the points of intersection of the lines 42, 43, 44, 45 and 46 (fig. lA). In the fig. 2s and 3s the axes of the bolt holes for the rear securing bolts are indicated with 34, the axes of the front threaded holes with 36 and those of the rear threaded holes with 37. The intermediate piece (vide fig. lA) is laterally limited by the lines 38 and 39 and at the rear side by the line 51. The adaptor is furthermore provided with rear threaded holes 40 (fig. 2A and 2B).
As is already described above such a structure only provides a partial solution of the problems which are also mentioned above with respect to the quick-action coupling of the known booms and tools.
In the fig. 4 through 14 a number of embodiments according to the invention are shown schematically relating to an intermediate piece 57 having relative cooperating ada~or 58. The intermediate piece is provided with a leading shaft 59 and a parallel trailing shaft 60 it is permanently connected to the boom by means of for instance two suspension plates 71, 72, vide fig. 17, which are provided with extending bores for respectively receiving the boom shaft and the steering shaft. The adaptor 58 also consists of two mutually parallel plates 73, 74 adapted to the tool and fixed thereto. The trailing journals are each enclosed in a fixable cap 61 which is pivotal around a pivot shaft 64 and which are mounted on the plates 73, 74 of the adaptor. The intermediate piece can be removed from the adaptor by a rotation of the eccentric sleeve 62 to the left or to the right in dependence upon the way of enclosing of the leading journals in the adaptor.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 4 no pretension occurs in the intermediate piece and the adaptor as an eccentric sleeve is missing on the trailing shaft. For that reason the diameters of the bearings should exactly fit in those of the relative shafts. A difference of some millimeters between the axes of the bearings, which difference could be present when ~lZ7117 coupling a bucket of another type, which is also provided with an adaptor, could result in that the intermediate piece and adaptor could not be coupled. In order to solve this problem, according to the invention, an eccentric sleeve 62 is positioned on the trailing shaft 60, said sleeve being able to increase or reduce the mutual space of said shafts such by its rotation that the shafts can be inserted in their relative bearing, and also being able to increase or reduce said distance by its rotation such that after receiving of the shafts in their bearing the intermediate piece 57 is sturdy clamped in the adaptor 58 (vide the fig. 5 and 6).
In the embodiments of the fig. 4 through 6 the dividing plane 67 of each leading shaft bearing is directed in inclined upward manner fxom the right to the left. In fig. 5 the dividing plane 70 of the trailing shaft bearing 60 is horizontal whereas the dividing plane of the trailing shaft bearing in fig. 6 extends in inclined upward manner from the right to the left.
In the embodiments of the fig. 4, 5 and 6 the leading shaft can be provided with coercive cams 63 mounted on the journals of the leading shaft 59 (in the fig. 4, 5 and 6 not indicated). The coercive cams 63 serve therefor, that such a positioning of the leading shaft with respect to the semi-circular opening of the leading shaft bearing can be reached that the centre of the leading shaft i9 only positioned outside (before) the dividlng plane of the leading shaft bearing such that at least the distance between leading and trailingchaft can be bridged by a maximally adjustable temporary extension of the distance between leading and trailing shaft. This extension can be effected by rotation of the already mentioned eccentric sleeve 62 on the trailing journals.
The leading shaft journals with coercive cams 63 will initially experience an upward displacement of the intermediate piece toward the opening of the leading shaft bearing by the operation of the boom 11, until the leading shaft journals contact the inner side of the leading llZ~1~7 shaft bearing, the bucket resting on the ground is lifted and is suspended at the leading shaft, in which its centre of gravity is as low as possible (vide the fig. 22, 28). The leading shaft journals will each contact a first partially circular portion 65 (coercive plane) of the inner wall of the leading shaft bearing 66, of which circular portion the centre is positioned in the dividing plane 67 of the leading shaft bearing namely in the point of intersection of this dividing plane with said semi-circular portion 68 of the inner wall of the leading shaft bearing, of which portion 68 the centre is also positioned in said dividing plane 67, and with a straight transition part 69. This transition part is mounted between the circular portion 65 and the semi-circular portion 68 and is perpendicular to the dividing plane 67 and contacts the semi-circular portion 68. When, by means of the steering arm, the intermediate piece is rotated, the coercive cams will contact the partially circular portion 65 (vide fig. 23) and the leading shaft journals will be displaced by the coercive cams in the direction of the semi-circular portion (vide fig. 21).
In a further rotation of the intermediate piece the trailing shaft, on which the eccentric sleeve is rotated such that the distance of the centre of leading and trailing shaft is maximal, will roll off over the point P1 (vide fig. 25 and 26) and will fall into the trailing shaft bearing.
The engineer subsequently operates the steering arm 16 such that the centre of gravity of the bucket is provided at the boom side with respect to the leading shaft bearing, by which the trailing journals remain in their bearings.
Subsequently the trailing shaft bearing cap 61 is closed and slightly fixed by means of a socketed head screw 76 which is mounted in a chamber, said chamber can be sealed by a plug square head 77. With a socket wrench or pin the eccentric sleeve 62 is rotated such that the leading and trailing journals are unmovably locked in their bearings. In this position the leading journal abuts the circular portion 68 and the coercive cam 63 is free. The trailing shaft bearing cap 61 can be tightly fixed.
llZ7~7 It may occur that the dividing plane 70 of the trailing shaft bearing 75 in the adaptor consists of two portions being at an angle with respect to one another such that the eccentric sleeve is surrounded by the material of the adaptor over an arc greater than 180 , i.e. that the trailing shaft journal cannot be brought completely in or out the trailing shaft bearing 75 with its eccentric sleeve. In order to avoid this the material surrounded the adaptor and provided in a region removed from the point P1 for more than 180 over the bearing periphery, is taken away as indicated in the region P2 in fig. 16.
When in view of clamping the leading and trailing shaft journals in the adaptor the eccentric sleeve should be rotated to the left, vide the fig. 5 through 6, the adaptor should be charged on pressure and the intermediary piece on bending. Usually pressure zones arise therewith in the leading shaft bearing and the trailing shaft bearing said zones being symmetrical with respect to the connection line of thecentres of the shafts and spanning an angle of about 22 . In dependence upon the positioning of the dividing planes of the bearings of the adaptor, which can be aligned or not, the positioning of the pressure angle region can be amended with respect to said connection line.
In the fig~ 7 and 8 the eccentric sleeve can be rotated to the right and the adaptor will be charged on drawing and the intermediate piece on bending. The leading shaft bearing is open in the direction of the trailing shaft bearing and is provided on its side facing away from the-trailing shaft bearing opening with a semi-cylindrical inner wall extending over maximally 180 . In this embodiment a leading journal does not comprise coercive cams.
The intermediate piece as well as the adaptor, do not comprise spare parts.
Even the joints embodied as socketed bolts for fixing the eccentric sleeves on the trailing journals are built in such that they cannot be removed without any additional tool.The inner hexagon of the socketed :l~;Z~117 bolts remains clean so that a socket wrench can always be inserted to the full depth of a socketed bolt.
In the fig. 19 and 20 an amended embodiment of a trailing journal is shown which is inserted into an axial opening in the end of the trailing shaft.
The amendment of the mutual distance of said shafts is not restricted to the application therefore of adjustment means embodied as eccentric sleeves. So, sliding pieces for the trailing shaft could also be used therefore for instance.
Such a device is generally known.
A bucket or the like is rotatably and permanently connected to a boom by means of suspension plates welded thereto. For that reason the suspension plates are provided with extending bores, the axes of said bores being parallel to the lower side of the bucket located at the front side. The position of the bores with respect to the upper side of the upper plate of the bucket as well as the mutual space in a suspension plate and the diameter of the bores are dependent on the manufacture and the type of excavating machine or the like, for which the bucket is adapted. The mutual location of the axes of the steering shaft (joint of steering arms with the bucket) and boom shaft (joint with boom) the point of rotation of the boom, the rotation arms, the connection boom, operation cylinder and steering arms are also different from one another in all types and manufactures. The width of the boom also varies with the result that a bucket of a determined type, fitting in a machine of a determined manufacture, cannot be coupled (connected) to a machine of an other manufacture. In vlew of the high number of manufactures the possibilities for a normalisation of operation cylinder and boom structure cannot be realised at the moment.
The connection of a bucket to a machine or changing the bucket type is a laborious and time absorbing job. The locking of the steering shaft and those of the boom shaft should be dismounted, after which these shafts should be removed. In praxis this means that the shafts are driven out by means of a hammer and a pipe. During these activities the bucket is positioned on the ground. After uncoupling of the tool the engineer can swing the boom with steering arm above an other bucket in order to ., ~
11Z`7~7 connect this by operation of the boom cylinder as well as the swinging mechanism of the machine. The boom and steering arm should be located such with respect to the bucket with suspension plates that the axes of the bores in the machine for the steering snaft and for the boom shaft are exactly aligned with the axes of the respective bores in the suspension plates of the bucket. Thereafter the steering shaft and boom shaft can be driven in and the lockings for the steering shaft and the boom shaft can be mounted. These activities last for about 45-70 minutes. A third portion of this time is required for disconnecting (uncoupling) of the bucket and two third of the time for the connection of the bucket. It is clear, that this means much loss of time especially when, as often occurs in praxis, more times a day an other bucket should be arranged. Moreover, in praxis, the disadvantage occurs, when often changing the tool, that the original fitting tolerances are completely lost.
The above described problem with respect to the long times for changing the tool could be solved by arranging a plate-shaped intermediate piece which is mounted once by means of suspension plates on the steering shaft and boom shaft and on the one side is adapted to machines of different manufactures and types and on the other side fits in a plate-shaped adaptor which is arranged on all buckets and tools, c.q. mounted, c.q.
welded, and which forms the upper plate of the bucket or the tool. ~he coupling of the adaptor and the intermèdiate piece could take place by means of bolts. The intermediate piece could be provided with four bolt holes and the adaptor with four threaded holes, the pattern of which corresponding to the bolt holes in the intermediate piece. For coupling the bolt holes and the threaded holes should be aligned by steering the machine. Although with this structure the dismantling of the locking, the driving out of the shafts and subsequently driving in of the shafts and the mounting of the locking are deleted, the problem of an accurate positioning of the machine boom with its steering arm with respect to the adaptor on the bucket is not solved therewith, as the axes of the four bolt holes in the intermediate piece should be aligned with the axes of ~Z7i~7 the threaded holes in the adaptor before the bolts can be driven in and tightened. When the machine is positioned in an other plane than the bucket the coupling of the boom and bucket will laboriously be effected. For the connection of the bucket which should be provided with such an adaptor to a machine having an intermediate piece as described above, two persons are needed namely one for the machine and one for the bucket.
The object of the invention is to simplify a device of the above type and to remove the above objections completely and for that reason the invention is characterized in that by means of the boom shaft and the steering shaft an intermediate piece is mounted, at its lower side being provided with a leading shaft and a trailing shaft secured thereto which are mutually parallel and of which the journals can be included in bearings which are mounted in an adaptor secured to the tool, the mutual space between the leading and trailing journals to be received in the bearings can be changed by means of adjustment means such that before coupling the trailing journals can penetrate the relative bearings and after coupling of the intermediate piece to the adaptor they unmovably abut the relative bearing openings in the adaptor under pretension.
The device according to the invention provides the following advantages.
Already durin~ the connection of the tool, for instance an excavating bucket which is provided with an adaptor according to the invention, a receiving of the leading journals of the intermediate piece by the leading bearings of the adaptor takes place. The intermediate piece as well as the adaptor do not contain spare portions. The uncoupling of a bucket or other tool requires about ~ ninutes whereas the connection requires about 5 minutes. In th~se periods the time for the operation of the machine is included.
Constructively the adaptor is substantially charged with pressure and the intermediate piece with bending. According to the invention all tools are secured to the machine via the coupling device without any tolerance, by which all components of the coupling device are only subjected to a minimum wear which could be neglected. In dependence on the contents, the height at the inlet side and the width of the bucket the adaptors are 25, 30, 35 or 40 mm thick. The intermediate piece should be constructively tuned to the power of the machine and bucket cylinder. It is however, the case, that a light bucket fits in a heavy machine and reversed that a heavy bucket can be connected to a light machine. The present structure is sturdy and compact, is statically completely determined and is umnovably fixed in the coupling points under pretension. The economic and material aspects are important points when coupling a tool to a machine. The average age of the machine is 3 to 5 years. The duration of life of a bucket is 2 to 3 years, i.e. that during the life time of the machine more than one bucket (of the same or of an other type and/or manufacture) is used. A bucket with an adaptor according to the invention saves a lot of material at initial purchase and replacement. moreover a bucket with adaptor according to the invention can be manufactured in a cheaper way.
A single purchase of an intexmediate piece according to the invention (for the life time of the machine) economises therefore in the initial costs of the bucket and in the times for changing.
The invention will be further elucidated on the basis of the drawing.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a plan view of a known bucket structure with welded suspension plates.
Fig. 1A schematically shows a plan view of the bucket of fig. 1, which is provided with a plate-shaped adaptor having an intermediate piece secured thereto.
Fig. 2 shows a side view of the bucket of fig. 1.
Fig. 2A shows a side view of the upper portion of the bucket of fig. 1A.
Fig. 2B shows a cross section of the connections between adaptor and intermediate piece of fig. 1A~
Fig. 3 schematically shows a boom structure with a tool secured thereto (bucket).
Fig. 3A schematically shows the outermost positions of a bucket on a boom structure in side view.
Fig. 3B shows a boom structure according to fig. 3 or of fig. 3A, said boom structure being provided with a plate-shaped intermediate piece.
The fig. 3 througX 8 schematically show examples of embodiments according to the present invention of connections between intermediate piece and adaptor.
Fig. 9 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows IX-IX of fig.4.
Fig. 10 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows X-X of fig.4.
Fig. 11 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows XI-XI of fig. 5.
Fig. 12 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows XII-XII
of fig. 6.
Fig. 13 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows XIII-XIII of fig. 7.
Fig. 14 shows a cross section seen according to the arrows XIV-XIV
of fig. 8.
Fig. 15 shows a plan view of an adaptor according to the invention.
:;
l~Z71~7 Fig. 16 shows a side view and a partial vertical cross section of the adaptor of fig. 15.
Fig. 17 shows a plan view of a portion of an intermediate piece according to the invention.
Fig. 18 shows a side view of the intermediate piece of fig. 17.
Fig. 19 shows a plan view of an amended embodiment of a trailing journal structure according to the invention.
Fig. 20 shows a front view of the structure of fig. 19.
The fig. 21 through 24 subsequently show the various mutual positions and displacements of the leading shaft of an intermediate piece provided with a coercive cam when coupling the intermediate piece and the adaptor according to the invention.
The fig. 25 and 26 show the mutual position of the intermediate piece and the adaptor during entering of the trailing shaft of the intermediate piece into the trailing shaft bearing of the adaptor for completely coupling intermediate piece and adaptor.
The fig. 27 and 28 show the positions of the bucket belonging to the positions of the leading shaft indicated in fig. 21 and 22 which are different from one another.
In the fig. 1, 2, 3 and 3A a generally applied coupling device is shown, in which a bucket, provided with an inlet side 5, a rear plate 3, a bucket pipe 17, side plates 29 and front side 30, is rotatably and permanently connected to the boom by means of receiving plates 1 welded thereto. For that reason the suspension plates are provided with extending bores 7, 8, in which the axes 31, 32 of the bores are parallel to the lower side of l~Z7117 the bucket knife 6 positioned at the front side (vide the fig. 3 and 1).
The position of the bores 7, 8 with respect to the upper side of the bucket plate 4 and the bucket diagonal 20 as well as the mutual distance in a suspension plate and the diameter of the bores 7, 8 are dependent on the manufacture and the type of excavating machine for which the bucket (c.~. tool) is adapted. In dependence upon the type of bucket the bucXet angle indicated with 21 can be 96-125 . The width of the bucket is indicated with 23 and the height of the bucket with 22. To the boom a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 13 (bucket cylinder) with plunger rod 14 is permanently secured. The rear side of this cylinder is pivotally suspended in the point of rotation of the boom 12 which is provided in bearing plates 24 which are welded to the boom. At the front side the bucket is pivotally connected to the rotating arm 15 by means of the head of the plunger rod 14 in the point of rotation of the steering arm 55.
The second point of rotation of the rotating arm 15 is supported in the boom by means of the rotating arm shaft 19. In the point of rotation of the steering arm 55 the steering arm 16, for opening and closing the bucket, is also pivotally mounted. The steering arm 16 is pivotally connected to the suspension plates 1 of the bucket at the other side via the steering shaft 9, said plates being symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis 53 of the bucket. The ~uspension plates 1 are secured to the boom 11 by means of a boom shaft 10. The mutual location of the axes of the steering shaft, the boom shaft, the rotating arm shaft and the steering arm shaft as well as the width of the boom are different in all types and manufactures. During dismount~ng and mounting of a bucket the bucket is positioned on the ground. The steering arm and the boom 11 are not connected to the bucket anymore. By operation of the boom and its bucket cylinder and swinging of the machine an engineer can swing the boom 11 with steering arm 16 above an other bucket in order to connect this. The boom 11 and the steering arm 16 should be positioned such with respect to the bucket with suspension plates, that the axes of the bores llZ7~7 in the machine for the steering shaft and the boom shaft are exactly aligned with the axes 31 of respectively the bores 8 and 7 in the suspension plates 1 of the bucket. Thereafter the steering shaft and the boom shaft can be introduced (and the lockings for the steering shaft and the boom shaft can be mounted).
In fig. 3A the outermost positions of the bucket on the boom structure are shown. Therewith 25 represents the limit of bucket "completely open"
or bucket "completely closed". In dependence upon the angle of the bucket the closure angle indicated with 26 is 15-30. The limit bucket "completely closed" is indicated with 27, whereas 28 represents the angle deflection being 165-190 dependent on the manufacture of the machine. The opening point of the bucket is indicated with 33 and the closure point with 32.
The times for changing could be shortened by arranging an intermediate piece 48 (the fig. lA~ 2A, 2B and 3B) which on the one side is adapted to various manufactures and types of excavating machines and on the other hand fits in a provision (adaptor) arranged c.q. mounted, c.q.
welded to all buckets and tools.
Such an intermediate piece with suspension plates 47 adapted to the excavating machlne remains permanently secured to the boom shaft and the steering shaft (vide fig. 2A). The distance of the suspension plates is adapted to the width of the boom. All buckets are provided with an adaptor having the configuration of a plate 41. The adaptor embodied as upper plate of the bucket is provided with four welded threaded holes 46 having internal screw thread for receiving front securing bolts 49 and rear securing bolts 50. The axes 36, 37 of the bores provided with screw thread in the threaded holes 46 coincide with the pattern of also four extending holes of the intermediate piece 48 embodied as plate in order to interconnect the intermediate piece to the adaptor by means of bolts at mutual space of 25 mm indicated with numeral 2(fig. 2B). The ~iZ'7~17 bolt holes 56 mounted in the intermediate piece are positioned in the points of intersection of the lines 42, 43, 44, 45 and 46 (fig. lA). In the fig. 2s and 3s the axes of the bolt holes for the rear securing bolts are indicated with 34, the axes of the front threaded holes with 36 and those of the rear threaded holes with 37. The intermediate piece (vide fig. lA) is laterally limited by the lines 38 and 39 and at the rear side by the line 51. The adaptor is furthermore provided with rear threaded holes 40 (fig. 2A and 2B).
As is already described above such a structure only provides a partial solution of the problems which are also mentioned above with respect to the quick-action coupling of the known booms and tools.
In the fig. 4 through 14 a number of embodiments according to the invention are shown schematically relating to an intermediate piece 57 having relative cooperating ada~or 58. The intermediate piece is provided with a leading shaft 59 and a parallel trailing shaft 60 it is permanently connected to the boom by means of for instance two suspension plates 71, 72, vide fig. 17, which are provided with extending bores for respectively receiving the boom shaft and the steering shaft. The adaptor 58 also consists of two mutually parallel plates 73, 74 adapted to the tool and fixed thereto. The trailing journals are each enclosed in a fixable cap 61 which is pivotal around a pivot shaft 64 and which are mounted on the plates 73, 74 of the adaptor. The intermediate piece can be removed from the adaptor by a rotation of the eccentric sleeve 62 to the left or to the right in dependence upon the way of enclosing of the leading journals in the adaptor.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 4 no pretension occurs in the intermediate piece and the adaptor as an eccentric sleeve is missing on the trailing shaft. For that reason the diameters of the bearings should exactly fit in those of the relative shafts. A difference of some millimeters between the axes of the bearings, which difference could be present when ~lZ7117 coupling a bucket of another type, which is also provided with an adaptor, could result in that the intermediate piece and adaptor could not be coupled. In order to solve this problem, according to the invention, an eccentric sleeve 62 is positioned on the trailing shaft 60, said sleeve being able to increase or reduce the mutual space of said shafts such by its rotation that the shafts can be inserted in their relative bearing, and also being able to increase or reduce said distance by its rotation such that after receiving of the shafts in their bearing the intermediate piece 57 is sturdy clamped in the adaptor 58 (vide the fig. 5 and 6).
In the embodiments of the fig. 4 through 6 the dividing plane 67 of each leading shaft bearing is directed in inclined upward manner fxom the right to the left. In fig. 5 the dividing plane 70 of the trailing shaft bearing 60 is horizontal whereas the dividing plane of the trailing shaft bearing in fig. 6 extends in inclined upward manner from the right to the left.
In the embodiments of the fig. 4, 5 and 6 the leading shaft can be provided with coercive cams 63 mounted on the journals of the leading shaft 59 (in the fig. 4, 5 and 6 not indicated). The coercive cams 63 serve therefor, that such a positioning of the leading shaft with respect to the semi-circular opening of the leading shaft bearing can be reached that the centre of the leading shaft i9 only positioned outside (before) the dividlng plane of the leading shaft bearing such that at least the distance between leading and trailingchaft can be bridged by a maximally adjustable temporary extension of the distance between leading and trailing shaft. This extension can be effected by rotation of the already mentioned eccentric sleeve 62 on the trailing journals.
The leading shaft journals with coercive cams 63 will initially experience an upward displacement of the intermediate piece toward the opening of the leading shaft bearing by the operation of the boom 11, until the leading shaft journals contact the inner side of the leading llZ~1~7 shaft bearing, the bucket resting on the ground is lifted and is suspended at the leading shaft, in which its centre of gravity is as low as possible (vide the fig. 22, 28). The leading shaft journals will each contact a first partially circular portion 65 (coercive plane) of the inner wall of the leading shaft bearing 66, of which circular portion the centre is positioned in the dividing plane 67 of the leading shaft bearing namely in the point of intersection of this dividing plane with said semi-circular portion 68 of the inner wall of the leading shaft bearing, of which portion 68 the centre is also positioned in said dividing plane 67, and with a straight transition part 69. This transition part is mounted between the circular portion 65 and the semi-circular portion 68 and is perpendicular to the dividing plane 67 and contacts the semi-circular portion 68. When, by means of the steering arm, the intermediate piece is rotated, the coercive cams will contact the partially circular portion 65 (vide fig. 23) and the leading shaft journals will be displaced by the coercive cams in the direction of the semi-circular portion (vide fig. 21).
In a further rotation of the intermediate piece the trailing shaft, on which the eccentric sleeve is rotated such that the distance of the centre of leading and trailing shaft is maximal, will roll off over the point P1 (vide fig. 25 and 26) and will fall into the trailing shaft bearing.
The engineer subsequently operates the steering arm 16 such that the centre of gravity of the bucket is provided at the boom side with respect to the leading shaft bearing, by which the trailing journals remain in their bearings.
Subsequently the trailing shaft bearing cap 61 is closed and slightly fixed by means of a socketed head screw 76 which is mounted in a chamber, said chamber can be sealed by a plug square head 77. With a socket wrench or pin the eccentric sleeve 62 is rotated such that the leading and trailing journals are unmovably locked in their bearings. In this position the leading journal abuts the circular portion 68 and the coercive cam 63 is free. The trailing shaft bearing cap 61 can be tightly fixed.
llZ7~7 It may occur that the dividing plane 70 of the trailing shaft bearing 75 in the adaptor consists of two portions being at an angle with respect to one another such that the eccentric sleeve is surrounded by the material of the adaptor over an arc greater than 180 , i.e. that the trailing shaft journal cannot be brought completely in or out the trailing shaft bearing 75 with its eccentric sleeve. In order to avoid this the material surrounded the adaptor and provided in a region removed from the point P1 for more than 180 over the bearing periphery, is taken away as indicated in the region P2 in fig. 16.
When in view of clamping the leading and trailing shaft journals in the adaptor the eccentric sleeve should be rotated to the left, vide the fig. 5 through 6, the adaptor should be charged on pressure and the intermediary piece on bending. Usually pressure zones arise therewith in the leading shaft bearing and the trailing shaft bearing said zones being symmetrical with respect to the connection line of thecentres of the shafts and spanning an angle of about 22 . In dependence upon the positioning of the dividing planes of the bearings of the adaptor, which can be aligned or not, the positioning of the pressure angle region can be amended with respect to said connection line.
In the fig~ 7 and 8 the eccentric sleeve can be rotated to the right and the adaptor will be charged on drawing and the intermediate piece on bending. The leading shaft bearing is open in the direction of the trailing shaft bearing and is provided on its side facing away from the-trailing shaft bearing opening with a semi-cylindrical inner wall extending over maximally 180 . In this embodiment a leading journal does not comprise coercive cams.
The intermediate piece as well as the adaptor, do not comprise spare parts.
Even the joints embodied as socketed bolts for fixing the eccentric sleeves on the trailing journals are built in such that they cannot be removed without any additional tool.The inner hexagon of the socketed :l~;Z~117 bolts remains clean so that a socket wrench can always be inserted to the full depth of a socketed bolt.
In the fig. 19 and 20 an amended embodiment of a trailing journal is shown which is inserted into an axial opening in the end of the trailing shaft.
The amendment of the mutual distance of said shafts is not restricted to the application therefore of adjustment means embodied as eccentric sleeves. So, sliding pieces for the trailing shaft could also be used therefore for instance.
Claims (10)
1. A device for coupling a boom of an excavating machine or the like to a tool, for instance an excavating bucket, the boom being rotatably connected to the tool by means of a boom shaft and steering shaft, characterized in that by means of the boom shaft and the steering shaft an intermediate piece is mounted, at its lower side being provided with a leading shaft and a trailing shaft which are mutually parallel and of which the journals are included in bearings which are mounted in an adaptor secured to the tool, the mutual space between the leading and trailing journals to be received in the bearing being adjustable by means of adjustment means such that before coupling the trailing journals can penetrate the relative bearings and after coupling of the intermediate piece to the adaptor they immovably abut the relative bearing openings in the adaptor under pretension.
2. A device according to Claim 1 characterized in that the trailing journals are mounted in trailing bearings by means of eccentric sleeves forming the adjustment means.
3. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that each of the leading journals is provided with a coercive cam.
4. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the intermediary piece consists of two mutually parallel plates with openings for respectively receiving the boom shaft, the steering shaft, the leading shaft and the trailing shaft.
5. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the adaptor consists of two mutually parallel plates which are secured to the tool and are each provided with a leading shaft bearing opening and with a trailing shaft bearing opening.
6. A device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the inner wall of the leading shaft bearing opening respectively consists of a partially circular portion (coercive plane), of which the centre of curvature is located in the dividing plane of the leading shaft bearing, said portion merging into a rectilinear plane contacting the semi-circular inner wall of the leading shaft bearing and being perpendicular to the dividing plane of said bearing, the centre of the semi-circular inner wall also being located in the dividing plane.
7. A device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the leading shaft bearing is open in the direction of the trailing bearing and at its side facing away from the trailing shaft bearing opening it is provided with a semi-cylindrical inner wall extending over maximally 180°.
8. A device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the trailing shaft bearing opening comprises dividing planes which are located in the same plane or not, the inter-section line of the dividing plane which is located at the side of the trailing shaft bearing facing toward the leading shaft bearings, forming a roller plane for the trailing shaft to be received.
9. A device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the side of the inner wall of the trailing shaft bearing opening facing away from the leading shaft bearing comprises a recess beneath its dividing plane.
10. A device according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the trailing shaft bearing is provided with a rotatable cap which can be fixed on the intermediate piece by a socketed head screw.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL7809689 | 1978-09-25 | ||
| NL7809689A NL168290C (en) | 1978-09-25 | 1978-09-25 | EXCAVATOR WITH A DEVICE FOR COUPLING A TOOL WITH A LIFTING DEVICE. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1127117A true CA1127117A (en) | 1982-07-06 |
Family
ID=19831603
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA335,383A Expired CA1127117A (en) | 1978-09-25 | 1979-09-11 | Device for coupling a boom to a tool |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE878867A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1127117A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2938208C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2436743B1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL168290C (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT392307B (en) * | 1987-09-25 | 1991-03-11 | Winkelbauer Franz | CLUTCH DEVICE |
| CH675266A5 (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1990-09-14 | Zepf Hans Rudolf | |
| FR2657596B1 (en) * | 1990-01-26 | 1992-04-24 | Morin Freres | DEVICE FOR FIXING A BUCKET, OR THE LIKE, AT THE END OF THE ARM OF A LOADER. |
| DE19608549C2 (en) | 1996-03-06 | 1998-03-19 | Lewin Heinz Ulrich | Construction machine with quickly changing boom |
| DE10311927B4 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2007-06-28 | Liebherr-Hydraulikbagger Gmbh | Quick coupler |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1408271A (en) * | 1964-06-30 | 1965-08-13 | Venissieux Atel | Improvements to the joints of hydraulic excavator tools on the operating arms and connecting rods |
| BE791834A (en) * | 1971-12-01 | 1973-03-16 | Verachtert Antonius P | EXCAVATOR |
| US4013182A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1977-03-22 | Rockland, Inc. | Detachable coupling system |
-
1978
- 1978-09-25 NL NL7809689A patent/NL168290C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-08-19 BE BE0/197209A patent/BE878867A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-09-11 CA CA335,383A patent/CA1127117A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-20 FR FR7923402A patent/FR2436743B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-21 DE DE19792938208 patent/DE2938208C2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2938208A1 (en) | 1980-04-03 |
| BE878867A (en) | 1980-01-16 |
| NL7809689A (en) | 1980-03-27 |
| DE2938208C2 (en) | 1985-12-05 |
| NL168290B (en) | 1981-10-16 |
| FR2436743B1 (en) | 1986-02-28 |
| FR2436743A1 (en) | 1980-04-18 |
| NL168290C (en) | 1982-03-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |