CA1124511A - Furnace for bright annealing of copper - Google Patents
Furnace for bright annealing of copperInfo
- Publication number
- CA1124511A CA1124511A CA327,693A CA327693A CA1124511A CA 1124511 A CA1124511 A CA 1124511A CA 327693 A CA327693 A CA 327693A CA 1124511 A CA1124511 A CA 1124511A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- tunnel
- atmosphere
- furnace
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention relates to controlled atmosphere heat treating furnaces and particularly to furnaces for bright annealing of copper or its alloys. A new concept is proposed for conserving energy uses by first having a separate atmosphere producing system that fires constantly, independent of the temperature control and secondly having a cooling system that only extracts the excess heat produced by the combustion for atmos-phere. In this way the furnace may be maintained at the desired operating temperatures regardless of variation of the work load, yet all of the heat generated by the atmosphere producing device is released within the furnace thereby eliminating unnecessary heat losses.
The invention relates to controlled atmosphere heat treating furnaces and particularly to furnaces for bright annealing of copper or its alloys. A new concept is proposed for conserving energy uses by first having a separate atmosphere producing system that fires constantly, independent of the temperature control and secondly having a cooling system that only extracts the excess heat produced by the combustion for atmos-phere. In this way the furnace may be maintained at the desired operating temperatures regardless of variation of the work load, yet all of the heat generated by the atmosphere producing device is released within the furnace thereby eliminating unnecessary heat losses.
Description
Title: ~`URN}~CE FOR BRIG~T ~N~I~RI,ING OF COP:PER
The present inventior is of irnportance for bri.gh.t anneallng of copper or copper alloys.
To accomplish this purpose it is necessary to heat and cooi -~he copper in an atrnosphere that preverlts an undesired chemical reaction on the surface of the copper. The protective atmosphere most commonly used i~. lean exothermi.c produced by the con-trolled combusti..on of a hydro-carbon fuel, normally natural gas,.with air.
To date there have been two basic approaches to the ger.eration of thi.s atmosphere, either externally in a separate cham~er or i.nternally in the furnace proper.
There have been disadvantages to both approaches.
External atmosphere generation, the presently preferred approach, is easier to roIltrol ancl more reliable. However, the heat generated by combusting the hydrocarbon fuel has been to date wasted. And in todayls energY crisis thi.s is a definite disadvantage.
The internally produced atmosphere approach has the potential of utllizing all or a-t ~east much of the heat released in producin~ the at.mosphere. But, to date there have been design problems.
First, it is ext~emely difficult to rnaintain the correct air to fuel ratio because the heat load of the furna~e changes as the processing condition~ change, The variation in operatin~ pressures through the colmbustic)n sy~tem as the ternperature control zones chan~e the burner f.irin~ rates complicates th~ .ratio control.
Seconcd, as the through-put of copper product 30 i3 reduc:ed or stopped the heat requirement of the furnace fal.ls helow that released irl proclucLng ~ufficient atmos-phexe. Therefore, it. has been n~cessary to incorpora-te a separate heat loss on/in the furnace to absorb the extr2 .heat released by the combustion for producing , atmosphere. This separate heat loss has normally been in the form of a constant energy drain on the furnace. Consequently, the eneryy savings have been minimized.
Sun~a.ry of the Invention:
The present invention improves these two ~ ' design deficiencies by first having a separate atmos-phere producing system that fires cons-tantly, independent of the tem.perature control system and secondly having a cooling system that only extracts the excess heat produced by the combustion for atmosphere. :
The invention utili.zes a conventional burner system of the type heretoore used or.ly exte.rnally of the furnace but places such burner system internally w.ithi.n the furnace. This burner system fires constantly independently of the furnace temperature control system.
Ratio control to produce the desired inert annealing atmosphere is accomplished in the same manner and with the same relia~ility as the conventional ext~rnal burner system.
Since the burner system is exothermic and is within the furnace, the heat thereby produced raises ~S the temperature of the furnace and by proper pre-setting of the bur.n~rs, the desired temperatures in the several furnace zones can be maintained for normal. operation when the work load of copper passing throucJh the fu~nace is at an opti~um level.
If during operation the temperature o~ any zon~ is above or below that de~,ired for the annealinq operati,on, adjustment and recJulation i5 o~tained ~y auxiliar~ heating and/or cc.olinc3 means, wh:ich are . '.'`' - ~ .
' .~ '. ~ -:
automatically operated by the temperature controlling system.
In this way the proper temperatures can be maintained in the furnace without continually regulating the gas ratios for the atmosphere producing burners.
In one particular aspect the present invention provides in a controlled atmosphere heat treating furnace having a tunnel, the combination of an at~osphere producing device pre set to fire continuously into said tunnel at a constant rate and ratio independently of any thermostatic control to produce the desired atmospheric composition whereby the heat is continuously released directly within said tunnel iDdependent of any thermostatic regulation, auxiliary heat transfer means within said tunnel for transferring heat as required with respect to the atmosphere within said tunnel without affecting the composition of said atmosphere, and thermostatic means responsive to the temperature within said tunnel ~or regulating the heat transfer means to regulate the heat transferred thereby independent of the heat continuously released in said tunnel by said atmosphere producing device to maintain the required temperature in said tunnel.
In another particular aspect the present invention provides in a controlled atmosphere heat treating ~urnace having a tunnel, a series of successive heat treating æones and a conveyor for transporting a work load through the successive zones, the combination of a plurality of atmosphere producing burners, each firing directly into one of said heat treating zones and pre-set independently of any thermostatic control to produce the desired atmospheric con~position at a constant rate and ratio oE ~uel andair and to develop ~b~' ~ -3-' sufficie~t heat in said zone to raise the temperature to approximate heat treating range when an optimum work load is passing through said tunnel 7 the products of combustion being permitted to travel through successive zones and freely pass through said tunnel to be discharged at an end thereof, a plurality of separate radiant tube systems each located in one of said heating treating zones each radiant tube being provided with means for selectively introducing fuel and air thereinto in variable amounts to develop heat therein, a plurality of thermostats one in each of said zones and operatively connected to the radiant tube in said zone to regulate the heat developed therein to supplement the heat produced in said zone from said pre-set burner, whereby the temperature of said zone is maintained at heat treating temperature when said work load is varied from said optimum, each of said thermostats being completely independent of the operation of said burners.
The objectives of the invention and the advantageous results obtained thereby will be more fully set forth after describing a preferred embodiment.
Brief Description of the Drawings:
Figure 1 is A sectional elevation of a furnace shown schematically.
Figure 2 is a schematic plan view thereof.
Figure 3 is a transverse section on line 3--3 oE
Figure 1.
Deta_led Description F:igures 1 to 3 represent a heat-treating furnace designed for bright annealing of copper. In general construction the ., ~
~ 3a-::
' ` ' . ' '' . .
furnace ls of conventional design for transporting the copper to be annealed by a conveyor 10 through a tunnel ll in which the heat ~reating is performed. There is a loading area 12 which includes a charge table 13. The copper work load is placed on the rollers 14 and advanced by the driving system of the conveyor through the curtain zone 15 and the low ceiling entrance zones 16 into the annealing furnace 17.
At the discharge end of the furnace is a low ceiling exit zone 18, a cooling section 19 containing water cooling curtains 20 and a curtain zone 21. The cooled copper load travels then to an unloading area 22 which includes a discharge table 23. The preceding description represents a conventional annealing apparatus designed to operate automatically with whatever copper work load requiring annealing treatmen~L.
,~, \ -3b-Wi-thin the tunnel 11 of ~hc- heat treating por~ion of the annealing furnace there is an atmosphere producing burner system B and four successive heat treating zones I, II~ III and IV. Each of these zones is provided with a radiant heating and/or cooling system R, and in some instances supplementary electric heating devices E.
Each zone may also have a fan F for circulating the heated atmosphere and a thermostat T for regulating the temperature within the zone.
The atmosphere producing burners B are`each of conventional design such as are normally located externally of the heat treating furnace. Each is provided with a supply of fuel and air with means for regula-ting the ratio in order to get the desired composition of the combustion gases produced. The fuel may be natural gas or other hydrocarbon fuel.
The radiant system R may also be a converltlonal radiant tube with means for regulating th~ fuel and air introduced thereinto in such a way that the heat produced may be varied within the necessary limits to supplement that produced by the constantl~ firing atrnos-phere producing burners. The contr~l of the heat produced within the radiant tubes i5 by means of a thermostatic operation, monitored by the thermostat T in the same zone as the radiant tube. If -the work load in the furnace should drop sa low that the constantly firing atmosphere burners produce too much heat to ~intain the desired ~one temperature, then one way of absorbing the excess heat is to pass air only through the tubes R.
Alternative separate cooling tubes can be provided for extracting the exGe~ss heat. Means for thermo.statically controlling the operation of the radiant tubes R and/o~
:
.
electrical heatirlg devices E are conventional in annealin~ furnaces and are incorporated herein by reference. The fundamental diference in the present invention over the conve~tional annealing furnaces, is that the thermostatic control does not change the operation oE the atmosphere producing burners B, but only the ra~iant tubes R or supplementary electrical hea1ing devices Eo The burners B release all of the heat within the annealing furnace so that none is wasted whereas the variation in heat required for varying work load conditions is provided by the auto-matic thermost~t control of the radiant tubes R or electrical heaters E.
From the above description i-t will be seen that the invention provides a new concept for a bright annealing furnace for copper with integral atrnosphere generation which eliminates much of the heat hitherto wasted in conventional furnaces, and has a simplified method of ratio control when the heat load of the furnace chanyes as processing conditions change.
As described above and illustrated in the drawings th~ reference characters B represent ~he atmosphere producing direct firing burners. They fire at a constant, pre-set rate, to produce the amount of atmosphere required.
They are completely independent of the tamperature control sys~em. Thexefore, ratio control can be accomplished in the same basic manner and with the same reliability as external atmosphere generation.
If desired this ratio can be automatically adjusted by .
analyzin~ the furnace atmosphere.
The additional heat re~uired to process more than the minimum amount of copper is produaed by a separate system consisting of gas/propanejoil radiant tubes and/or electric heating elements. This heat source is controlled by the furnace temperature control system.
l~hen the production of copper falls below a minimum amount the atmosphere producing system releases more heat than re~uired to keep the furnace at operating temperature. This excess heat is ex-tracted from the furnace interior by passing air through the gas/propane/
oil radiant tubes or separate cooling tubes if all secondary heating is electric. The air flow through these tubes is controlled by the furnace temperature control system. In this way heat is only extracted when excess heat is produced, maximi2ing the utilization of energy.
::
:
The present inventior is of irnportance for bri.gh.t anneallng of copper or copper alloys.
To accomplish this purpose it is necessary to heat and cooi -~he copper in an atrnosphere that preverlts an undesired chemical reaction on the surface of the copper. The protective atmosphere most commonly used i~. lean exothermi.c produced by the con-trolled combusti..on of a hydro-carbon fuel, normally natural gas,.with air.
To date there have been two basic approaches to the ger.eration of thi.s atmosphere, either externally in a separate cham~er or i.nternally in the furnace proper.
There have been disadvantages to both approaches.
External atmosphere generation, the presently preferred approach, is easier to roIltrol ancl more reliable. However, the heat generated by combusting the hydrocarbon fuel has been to date wasted. And in todayls energY crisis thi.s is a definite disadvantage.
The internally produced atmosphere approach has the potential of utllizing all or a-t ~east much of the heat released in producin~ the at.mosphere. But, to date there have been design problems.
First, it is ext~emely difficult to rnaintain the correct air to fuel ratio because the heat load of the furna~e changes as the processing condition~ change, The variation in operatin~ pressures through the colmbustic)n sy~tem as the ternperature control zones chan~e the burner f.irin~ rates complicates th~ .ratio control.
Seconcd, as the through-put of copper product 30 i3 reduc:ed or stopped the heat requirement of the furnace fal.ls helow that released irl proclucLng ~ufficient atmos-phexe. Therefore, it. has been n~cessary to incorpora-te a separate heat loss on/in the furnace to absorb the extr2 .heat released by the combustion for producing , atmosphere. This separate heat loss has normally been in the form of a constant energy drain on the furnace. Consequently, the eneryy savings have been minimized.
Sun~a.ry of the Invention:
The present invention improves these two ~ ' design deficiencies by first having a separate atmos-phere producing system that fires cons-tantly, independent of the tem.perature control system and secondly having a cooling system that only extracts the excess heat produced by the combustion for atmosphere. :
The invention utili.zes a conventional burner system of the type heretoore used or.ly exte.rnally of the furnace but places such burner system internally w.ithi.n the furnace. This burner system fires constantly independently of the furnace temperature control system.
Ratio control to produce the desired inert annealing atmosphere is accomplished in the same manner and with the same relia~ility as the conventional ext~rnal burner system.
Since the burner system is exothermic and is within the furnace, the heat thereby produced raises ~S the temperature of the furnace and by proper pre-setting of the bur.n~rs, the desired temperatures in the several furnace zones can be maintained for normal. operation when the work load of copper passing throucJh the fu~nace is at an opti~um level.
If during operation the temperature o~ any zon~ is above or below that de~,ired for the annealinq operati,on, adjustment and recJulation i5 o~tained ~y auxiliar~ heating and/or cc.olinc3 means, wh:ich are . '.'`' - ~ .
' .~ '. ~ -:
automatically operated by the temperature controlling system.
In this way the proper temperatures can be maintained in the furnace without continually regulating the gas ratios for the atmosphere producing burners.
In one particular aspect the present invention provides in a controlled atmosphere heat treating furnace having a tunnel, the combination of an at~osphere producing device pre set to fire continuously into said tunnel at a constant rate and ratio independently of any thermostatic control to produce the desired atmospheric composition whereby the heat is continuously released directly within said tunnel iDdependent of any thermostatic regulation, auxiliary heat transfer means within said tunnel for transferring heat as required with respect to the atmosphere within said tunnel without affecting the composition of said atmosphere, and thermostatic means responsive to the temperature within said tunnel ~or regulating the heat transfer means to regulate the heat transferred thereby independent of the heat continuously released in said tunnel by said atmosphere producing device to maintain the required temperature in said tunnel.
In another particular aspect the present invention provides in a controlled atmosphere heat treating ~urnace having a tunnel, a series of successive heat treating æones and a conveyor for transporting a work load through the successive zones, the combination of a plurality of atmosphere producing burners, each firing directly into one of said heat treating zones and pre-set independently of any thermostatic control to produce the desired atmospheric con~position at a constant rate and ratio oE ~uel andair and to develop ~b~' ~ -3-' sufficie~t heat in said zone to raise the temperature to approximate heat treating range when an optimum work load is passing through said tunnel 7 the products of combustion being permitted to travel through successive zones and freely pass through said tunnel to be discharged at an end thereof, a plurality of separate radiant tube systems each located in one of said heating treating zones each radiant tube being provided with means for selectively introducing fuel and air thereinto in variable amounts to develop heat therein, a plurality of thermostats one in each of said zones and operatively connected to the radiant tube in said zone to regulate the heat developed therein to supplement the heat produced in said zone from said pre-set burner, whereby the temperature of said zone is maintained at heat treating temperature when said work load is varied from said optimum, each of said thermostats being completely independent of the operation of said burners.
The objectives of the invention and the advantageous results obtained thereby will be more fully set forth after describing a preferred embodiment.
Brief Description of the Drawings:
Figure 1 is A sectional elevation of a furnace shown schematically.
Figure 2 is a schematic plan view thereof.
Figure 3 is a transverse section on line 3--3 oE
Figure 1.
Deta_led Description F:igures 1 to 3 represent a heat-treating furnace designed for bright annealing of copper. In general construction the ., ~
~ 3a-::
' ` ' . ' '' . .
furnace ls of conventional design for transporting the copper to be annealed by a conveyor 10 through a tunnel ll in which the heat ~reating is performed. There is a loading area 12 which includes a charge table 13. The copper work load is placed on the rollers 14 and advanced by the driving system of the conveyor through the curtain zone 15 and the low ceiling entrance zones 16 into the annealing furnace 17.
At the discharge end of the furnace is a low ceiling exit zone 18, a cooling section 19 containing water cooling curtains 20 and a curtain zone 21. The cooled copper load travels then to an unloading area 22 which includes a discharge table 23. The preceding description represents a conventional annealing apparatus designed to operate automatically with whatever copper work load requiring annealing treatmen~L.
,~, \ -3b-Wi-thin the tunnel 11 of ~hc- heat treating por~ion of the annealing furnace there is an atmosphere producing burner system B and four successive heat treating zones I, II~ III and IV. Each of these zones is provided with a radiant heating and/or cooling system R, and in some instances supplementary electric heating devices E.
Each zone may also have a fan F for circulating the heated atmosphere and a thermostat T for regulating the temperature within the zone.
The atmosphere producing burners B are`each of conventional design such as are normally located externally of the heat treating furnace. Each is provided with a supply of fuel and air with means for regula-ting the ratio in order to get the desired composition of the combustion gases produced. The fuel may be natural gas or other hydrocarbon fuel.
The radiant system R may also be a converltlonal radiant tube with means for regulating th~ fuel and air introduced thereinto in such a way that the heat produced may be varied within the necessary limits to supplement that produced by the constantl~ firing atrnos-phere producing burners. The contr~l of the heat produced within the radiant tubes i5 by means of a thermostatic operation, monitored by the thermostat T in the same zone as the radiant tube. If -the work load in the furnace should drop sa low that the constantly firing atmosphere burners produce too much heat to ~intain the desired ~one temperature, then one way of absorbing the excess heat is to pass air only through the tubes R.
Alternative separate cooling tubes can be provided for extracting the exGe~ss heat. Means for thermo.statically controlling the operation of the radiant tubes R and/o~
:
.
electrical heatirlg devices E are conventional in annealin~ furnaces and are incorporated herein by reference. The fundamental diference in the present invention over the conve~tional annealing furnaces, is that the thermostatic control does not change the operation oE the atmosphere producing burners B, but only the ra~iant tubes R or supplementary electrical hea1ing devices Eo The burners B release all of the heat within the annealing furnace so that none is wasted whereas the variation in heat required for varying work load conditions is provided by the auto-matic thermost~t control of the radiant tubes R or electrical heaters E.
From the above description i-t will be seen that the invention provides a new concept for a bright annealing furnace for copper with integral atrnosphere generation which eliminates much of the heat hitherto wasted in conventional furnaces, and has a simplified method of ratio control when the heat load of the furnace chanyes as processing conditions change.
As described above and illustrated in the drawings th~ reference characters B represent ~he atmosphere producing direct firing burners. They fire at a constant, pre-set rate, to produce the amount of atmosphere required.
They are completely independent of the tamperature control sys~em. Thexefore, ratio control can be accomplished in the same basic manner and with the same reliability as external atmosphere generation.
If desired this ratio can be automatically adjusted by .
analyzin~ the furnace atmosphere.
The additional heat re~uired to process more than the minimum amount of copper is produaed by a separate system consisting of gas/propanejoil radiant tubes and/or electric heating elements. This heat source is controlled by the furnace temperature control system.
l~hen the production of copper falls below a minimum amount the atmosphere producing system releases more heat than re~uired to keep the furnace at operating temperature. This excess heat is ex-tracted from the furnace interior by passing air through the gas/propane/
oil radiant tubes or separate cooling tubes if all secondary heating is electric. The air flow through these tubes is controlled by the furnace temperature control system. In this way heat is only extracted when excess heat is produced, maximi2ing the utilization of energy.
::
:
Claims (11)
1. In a controlled atmosphere heat treating furnace having a tunnel, the combination of an atmos-phere producing device pre-set to fire continuously into said tunnel at a constant rate and ratio in-dependently of any thermostatic control to produce the desired atmospheric composition whereby the heat is continuously released directly within said tunnel independent of any thermostatic regulation, auxiliary heat transfer means within said tunnel for transferring heat as required with respect to the atmosphere within said tunnel without affecting the composition of said atmosphere, and thermostatic means responsive to the temperature within said tunnel for regulating the heat transfer means to regulate the heat transferred thereby independent of the heat continuously released in said tunnel by said atmos-phere producing device to maintain the required temperature in said tunnel.
2. The combination according to claim 1, in which the heat transfer means is arranged to add heat as required to maintain the temperature of the controlled atmosphere as required.
3. The combination according to claim 1, wherein said auxiliary means is a radiant tube means independent of said atmosphere producing device for introducing variable amounts of gaseous fuel and air into said radiant tube but having no effect on the amount of heat constantly released by said atmosphere producing device, or on the composition of the furnace atmosphere.
4. The combination according to claim 2, where said auxiliary means is an electrical heating device.
5. The combination according to claim 1, where said atmosphere producing device is exothermic and the atmosphere produced has a composition which is inert to copper or its alloys at annealing temperatures and in which the work load travelling through the tunnel on the conveyor is copper or its alloys.
6. The combination according to claim 1, wherein said auxiliary means is a radiant tube with means for varying the ratio of fuel plus air thereto to produce the heat required by said ther-mostatic regulation and in which the atmosphere producing device is pre-set to produce the amount of exothermic heat necessary to maintain the furnace at the desired annealing temperature when the work load is optimum and any variation in temperature due to changing work load is compensated for by the thermostatic regulation of said auxiliary means thereby adding or subtracting heat to maintain said annealing temperature.
7. The combination according to claim 1, in which the heat transfer means is selectively operable to add or remove heat from the tunnel.
8. The combination according to claim 7, in which the heat transfer means is a radiant tube in which combustion of fuel takes place within the tube, and means for eliminating fuel and passing only cooling air through the tube.
9. The combination according to claim 1, in which said tunnel includes a series of successive heat treating zones in which different temperatures may be maintained and each zone is provided with at least one of said atmosphere producing devices, at least one of said auxiliary means for transferring heat and at least one of said thermostatic means for regulating the auxiliary means in the respective heat treating zones.
10. In a controlled atmosphere heat treating furnace having a tunnel, a series of successive heat treating zones and a conveyor for transporting a work load through the successive zones, the combination of a plurality of atmosphere producing burners, each firing directly into one of said heat treating zones and pre-set independently of any thermostatic control to produce the desired atmospheric composition at a constant rate and ratio of fuel and air and to de-velop sufficient heat in said zone to raise the temperature to approximate heat treating range when an optimum work load is passing through said tunnel, the products of combustion being permitted to travel through successive zones and freely pass through said tunnel to be discharged at an end thereof, a plurality of separate radiant tube systems each located in one of said heating treating zones each radiant tube being provided with means for selectively introducing fuel and air thereinto in variable amounts to develop heat therein, a plurality of thermostats one in each of said zones and operatively connected to the radiant tube in said zone to regulate the heat developed therein to supplement the heat produced in said zone from said pre-set burner, whereby the temperature of said zone is maintained at heat treating tem-perature when said work load is varied from said optimum, each of said thermostats being completely independent of the operation of said burners.
11. The combination according to claim 10, in which each of said radiant tube systems and its associated thermostat is operable to eliminate the introduction of fuel and to pass cooling air therethrough when the temperature within said tunnel is higher than desired.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA327,693A CA1124511A (en) | 1979-05-16 | 1979-05-16 | Furnace for bright annealing of copper |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA327,693A CA1124511A (en) | 1979-05-16 | 1979-05-16 | Furnace for bright annealing of copper |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1124511A true CA1124511A (en) | 1982-06-01 |
Family
ID=4114212
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA327,693A Expired CA1124511A (en) | 1979-05-16 | 1979-05-16 | Furnace for bright annealing of copper |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1124511A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3323432A3 (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-10-17 | Massimo Boldrini | Sterilization and depyrogenation machine |
-
1979
- 1979-05-16 CA CA327,693A patent/CA1124511A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3323432A3 (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-10-17 | Massimo Boldrini | Sterilization and depyrogenation machine |
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