CA1123806A - Comminution device - Google Patents
Comminution deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1123806A CA1123806A CA370,691A CA370691A CA1123806A CA 1123806 A CA1123806 A CA 1123806A CA 370691 A CA370691 A CA 370691A CA 1123806 A CA1123806 A CA 1123806A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- flywheel
- movable portion
- comminution
- rotor
- enclosure
- Prior art date
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
A communication device comprising a support having at least one elongated stationary knife portion, a rotor having a central shaft carried by said support for rotation about a central axis, said rotor having axially spaced portions intermediate the ends of said shaft which extend transversely outwardly with respect to said shaft, at least one elongated knife means secured to an outer segment of each of said axially spaced portions and extending along said central axis in transverse spaced relationship to provide an opening between said knife means and said shaft, said knife means having a leading cutter edge movable during rotation of said rotor through a circular orbital path in such proximity to said stationary knife portion to fragmentize material therebetween, said knife means having with respect to said central axis a radially outermost extent which extends in a chordal direction with respect to said orbital path from said cutter edge to a trailing edge spaced from said cutter edge, said trailing edge being located in such proximity to said orbital path to provide a minimum space between said trailing edge and said stationary knife portion to permit said trailing edge to clear said stationary knife portion during rotation of said rotor, said knife means having a trailing end surface extending inwardly with respect to said rotor, and said rotor having a support surface engageable with substantially the entire extent of said trailing end surface.
A communication device comprising a support having at least one elongated stationary knife portion, a rotor having a central shaft carried by said support for rotation about a central axis, said rotor having axially spaced portions intermediate the ends of said shaft which extend transversely outwardly with respect to said shaft, at least one elongated knife means secured to an outer segment of each of said axially spaced portions and extending along said central axis in transverse spaced relationship to provide an opening between said knife means and said shaft, said knife means having a leading cutter edge movable during rotation of said rotor through a circular orbital path in such proximity to said stationary knife portion to fragmentize material therebetween, said knife means having with respect to said central axis a radially outermost extent which extends in a chordal direction with respect to said orbital path from said cutter edge to a trailing edge spaced from said cutter edge, said trailing edge being located in such proximity to said orbital path to provide a minimum space between said trailing edge and said stationary knife portion to permit said trailing edge to clear said stationary knife portion during rotation of said rotor, said knife means having a trailing end surface extending inwardly with respect to said rotor, and said rotor having a support surface engageable with substantially the entire extent of said trailing end surface.
Description
~L238~6 Commin~ion devices are used in various industries t7ith one particularly ~7ell known prior use being in the plast~cs industry in ~hicll such devices are com~only referred to as plastics granùlators. Plastics granula~ors are co~mor.ly used .
to frag~atize pieces or sections o plastic materi~l ~ihîch result fron~ various plastic ~orming operations.` Such plas~ic pieces.are of a wide variety of size, thicknass and sIlape so that durln~ their ra~,mentation tl~e amount and orientation o~
suc~ mat~rial with respec~ ~o the rotating cutter me~n~ varies durlng the fra~mentation process. Due to suc~t irregularities in and hardness o~ such plastic ~ieces the energy per blo~J
required to produce fra~mentation of all pieces varies s~b-stantially ~.hich has result~cl in rcquent stalling of prior comminutlon devices or required a largello~epower drive. Prior ~ranulators may be of ~arious ~7ell kno~n fonns sucll as sho~m in U.S~ pttents, 2,830,770; 3,419,223; 3,756,Sl'3; 3,790,093;
to frag~atize pieces or sections o plastic materi~l ~ihîch result fron~ various plastic ~orming operations.` Such plas~ic pieces.are of a wide variety of size, thicknass and sIlape so that durln~ their ra~,mentation tl~e amount and orientation o~
suc~ mat~rial with respec~ ~o the rotating cutter me~n~ varies durlng the fra~mentation process. Due to suc~t irregularities in and hardness o~ such plastic ~ieces the energy per blo~J
required to produce fra~mentation of all pieces varies s~b-stantially ~.hich has result~cl in rcquent stalling of prior comminutlon devices or required a largello~epower drive. Prior ~ranulators may be of ~arious ~7ell kno~n fonns sucll as sho~m in U.S~ pttents, 2,830,770; 3,419,223; 3,756,Sl'3; 3,790,093;
2,381,775, and my prior patent 3,643,880.
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3~6 Genernlly prior granulators have employed a flywheel to rotatively drlve the power input shaft of the rotor member o~
the comminution structure. Since the rotatin~ member of the comminution structure can become stuck during operation it i22 necessary to provide reasonably easy acoess to the comm~nution structure during operation of the granulator to permit remo~al of the plastic piece preventing the rotor member from rotating.
W~en the rotor member is stuck the access provided does not create any problem, however, since access i9 provided it is possible in other instances to obtain access to the com2ninution s,ructure prior to the flywheel giving up all its energy. The structure of this invention provides a device which will no~
permit the operator to obtain hand access to the rotor member prior to the flywheel stopping.
As is ~enerally indicated by such plastics granulator ~prior art vàrious manuacturers of granulators ha~e evolved various desi~ns for mountin27 the cutter means in tlle rotor member to provide a desired cuttin~ action; however, the mo~nting of the cutter means in accordance with the principle~
of this invention provides for a substàntially better cutting action in that bette fragmentation is achieved at a lower power input and at substantially reduced noise levels. The particular mountin~ of the cutter means of this invention is applicable to various comminution device~ as are well kno~n in the nrt however, the particular embodiment described herein is with reerence to a plastics granulator which constitutes the presently preferred embodiment of my invention.
~ lastics granulators are commonly used ~o fra~mati~e 3~ctions or chunk~ of plastic material resulting from ~arious plastic forming operat0n6. Such sections or chunks are of a 3~123~
~ide variety of thicknesses, form and material whi~h vary in hardness so that during their fragmen-ta-tion a number of impact forces are transmitted from the comminution struc:-ture to the housing which suppor-ts the comminu-tion structure. This -trans~
mission of forces to the housing plus the noise resulting from the piercing and fragmentizing of the plas-tic section~ creates a level of noise which is undesirable in accordance with present day acoustic standards Eor machines.
In one particular aspect the present invention provides a comminution device comprising: a housing member, a comminution structure consisting of a stationary member and a rotatable knife means, said comminution structure being supported by said housing member with said comminution structure having an upwardly open extent, a rotatable flywheel supported by said housing and coupled to said rotatable knife means to cause rotation thereof upon rotation of said flywheel, enclosure means movably sùpported .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
by one of said members for selectively enclOSing said open extent of said comminution structure, means supported by said housing member having a movable portion selectively engageable with said flywheel for applying a motion restraining force to said flywheel, and said enclosure means being selectively movable into and out of engagement with said movable portion to control the application of said motion restraining force to said fly~heel.
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These and other objec-ts and advantac~es oE the pxesent invention will becom~ more readil~ apparcnt upon a reading of the following description of the drawings oE the presently preferred embodilnent thereof in ~Ihich:
Fig, 1 is a perspe~t:ive view oE a comminutioll device constructed in accordance with -the principles of this inven-tion with the feed hopper thereof in the open posi-tion;
Fi~. 2 is a perspective view of the central portion of the device shown in Fig. l with a portion of the front flap removedi Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the brake assembly for the flywheel as located within the housing as shown in Fig. li - Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the flywheel as located within the housing of the device as shown in Fig. l;
Fig. 5 is an enlarged perspec-tivew view of the actuator assembly as utilized in the aevice as shown in Fig. l;
Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the rotor member and the stationary bed knives co-operable therewith of the granulator as shown in Fig. l;
Fig. 7 is an enlarged top plan view of the rotor member and the stationary bed knives o~ the granulator as shown in Fig. l;
- 3a -8~6 Tig. ~ is a perspective view of a comminution structure constructccl in accordance with the principles oE thls inventlon wLth portions thereof beln~ displacecl relative to ench o~her to more clearly illustrate the structure thereof;
S Fig. 9 is an enlargPd cross-sectional view of a sectio~
of a com~inution structure and the supporting structure of the granulator as shown in Fig. B illustrating the structure for reducing the transfer of vibrations from the comminution structure and such supporting structure, and Fig. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a section of the co~minution structure and the portion of the encompassing housing extending thereabove illustrating the structure for reducing the transfer of vibrations from the comminution - structure and such housing.
As shown in Fig. 1 the comminution device o this invention comprises a form2d housing 1 having a vertically extending flywheel housing portion 2 at one side thereof, an electricai control receiving box 4 extendin~ above the fly~leel housing portion 2 and a hollow base portion 6 located to the side of the fl~heel housing po~tion 2. Housing 1 is formed from any suitable material having sufficient structural strength such as steel with base portion 6 having an upper inwardly extending peripheral flange 3 (Fig. 8) to which a comminution structure is suitably rigidly secured. Base portion 6 is pro-vided with a slidable drawer 10 for receiving comminutedmaterial therein and to permit access thereto. ~ase portion 6 has a vertically extending rearward wall having a suitable electrical motor 14 suitably rigidly secured to the lower portion thereof.
- ~Z38~)t~ . -The co~minueion structure con3ists of a formed station-ary bed member 16 nnd a rotor member 18 having a centrsl elon~ated shaft 19 supported for rotation by the bed member 16 in sny suitable manner such as by axially spaced bearing3 20 carried by the bed member 16. A cover ?.2 for encloaing the upper portion of the comminution.structure i5 suitably hingedly connected to the rearward portion of the bed member 16. A
formed hollow feed hopper 24 is suitably rigidly secured to the cover 22 and the cover 22 has an opening 26 in the upper portion thereof to permit material to be inserted through feed hopper 24 into the comminution structure. The feed hopper 24 may be of any suitable form and material to permit proper feeding of material to the comminution structure.
The front portion of bed member 16 pivotably atld cap-tively supports a pair of elongated threaded access bolts 28 which are laterally spaced from each other and which are pivotably supported by bed member 16 and s~ingable from a horizontal position into a vertical position to permit access - bolts 28 to enter into spaced open ended receiving slo~s 30 extending inwardly in a strap portion 29 rigidly carrièd by-the cover 22. With bolts 28 so located within slots 30 suitable nuts 32 are tightened against the strap portion 29 wherrby the cover 22 is properly securable in tight relationship ~o the bed structure 16. Cover 22 carrles a suitable hin~ed flap 34 having An exterior handle 35 eo permit access to the nuEs 32.
Strap portion 29 is carried by cover 22 adjacent the lower edge of flap 34, when cover 22 is in thc closed position, to be ali~ned with and receive the bolts 28 when bolts 28 are in thelr upwardly extending position. A nol~ally open electrical _5_ -il2~38~6 switch 36 is carr~ed by the flywheel housing portion 2 having 8 suitable contact closing means, as illustrat~d R plunger 38, located so that the motor 14 is only electrically energizsble when the cover 22 is properly ~ecured to the bed member 16.
S A suitable armored cable electrically connects the switch 36 , .to suitable electr~cal controls (not shot~) in the control box 4.
A suitable openin~ ls provided in the flywheel housing portion 2 thrnugh which the free end of a brake shaft 42 of a brake asse~bly 48 extends. Cover 22 has a flange 44 (see Fig. 5), extending upwardly and around the opening 26, which is spaced .
inwardly of the housing portion 2 to which the lower Pnd of the feed hopper 24 is secured so that a space is provided between the flywheel housing portion 2 and the lower end of the feed lS hopper 24 and cover 22. A switch 36 is located in and the free end of shaft 42 extends into the space between feed hopper 24 and housing portion 2. A formed switch and brake ac~uator 46 is rigidly carried by the cover 22 outwardly adjacent the flange 44 which extends into the space between hopper 24 and housing portion 2 to actuate the switch 36 and enga~e the end of the brake shaft 42. Actuator 46 is of any suitable fonm which as shown is somewhat in the form of a figure 7 with the upper arm 50 extending towards the housing portion 2. Upper arm 50 threadedly receives 8 suitable inverted threaded bolt 52 so th~t -6- .
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~23~3~)6 the head portion of bolt 52 encJages the upper surface of sh~ft 42 to force the shaft 42 d~nwardly when cover 22 is proper.ly closed. A side arm 5 ricJidly carried by the upwardly extendinct portion or stem o~ actua-tor ~6 extends towards the housing portion 2 which threaded.ly rece~ves a sultable invert,ed bolt 53 which engages -the plunger 38 to close swi-tch 36 when the cover 22 is properly closed. Bolts 52 and 53 are axially adjustable -to provide for proper engagement of shaEt 42 and plunger 38 and suitable locking nuts 51 are also provided on bolts 52 and 53~
As sho~n in Fig. 3 the brake assembly 48 comprises a formed block 56 suitably rigidly secured to the flywheel housinq portion 2 and a block 58 which is pivotab.ly secured to the block m~mber 56 and is biased outwardly fram block member 56 by a spring 60 which spring 60 is shown in Fig. 3 in its open position. Pivot block member 56 has an upper arcuate surface to which a brake shoe 62 is suitably rigidly secured.
Brake shoe 62 is engageable with the inner circumferential rim surface 63 of the outer rim portion 64 of a fl~heel 66 for the purpose of stoppin~
the rotation of the flywheel 66. The imler rim surface 63 engaged by the shoe 62 is not illustrated, however, the imler rim surface 63 is identical to the rim surface 63 shown as is known in flyi~heel constrlction~
~ccordingly, the brake shoe 62 is of an arcuate contour and wid-th to obtain the maximum frictional engagement with the inner r.im surface 63 and block member 56 has an upper arcuate surEace to provide proper support for t`he brake shoe 62. For the purposes of this invention a standard indus-trial brake shoe is satisfactory for shoe 62.
As shown in Fig. 3 the rotor shaft 19 ex-tends throu~h the sidewall of the flywheel housing portion 2 and is provided with a suitable keyway structure cooperable with a central hub portion 68 of flywheel 66 whereby flywheel 66 rotatively drives bm~
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rotor shaEt 19. '~he outer surEace of the rim portion 64 is suitably formed to receive suitable clrive belts 70 wh.ich belts 70 are driven by a sultc~le drive pul].ey (not shown) on -the output sha:Et of motor 14 as is well known in the art. The rotor shaE-t 19 has a shoulder 72 which extends radially ou-twardly at the inner end of the keyway structure which engages the hub portion 68 of flywheel 66 -to posi-tion the flywheel 66 with reference to the vertically extending inner wall oE the fly~leel housing portion 2. With flywheel 66 so locat~d the brake assembly 48 is .loca-ted between the vertically extending wall of the housing portion 2 and the centrally located DS 74 of the flywheel 66 whereby brake assembly 48 does not interfere with the rotation of flywheel 66 other than when the brake shoe 62 engages the inner rim surface 63. The flywheel 66 is dr.iven by motor 14 through belt 70 to obtain the desired rotation of the rotor member 18.
When flywheel 66 is.being rotatively driven by motor 14 the brake shoe 62 must clear the inner rim surface 63 of flywheel 66 and accordingly brake shaft 42 is rigidly secured to pivot block member 58 so that the force required to close cover 22 by the anchoring of access bolts 28 is transferred through cover 22 to the actuator 46 and, by the engagemen-t of bolt 52 with brake shaft 42, overc~nes the bias of spring 60 to force the block member 56 inwardly awcay from the inner rim surface 63 to close the spring 60 as shown in Fig. 4. Conversely when the cover 22 is loosened the bolt 52 moves away fran shaft 42 and sprin~ 60 biases the block member 58 upwardly, as sh~n in Fig. 3, tGwards the inner rim surface 62 so that brake shoe 62 engc~es the inner rim surface 63 to stop the rotation of fly~heel 66. Accordingly to obtain the best utilization of the forces for so actuating block member 5S one end of the block bm~
~Z3~)6 me~ber 58 is pivotably supportec~ by block memb~r 56 by a sui-table pivot connection 75, -the spriny 60 enga~es -the under surface of bloclc member 58 at the encl oE block men~er 58 opposite pivot connect:ion 75 and extends vertically therebetween, and brake shaft 42 is received wi-thin block member 58 elosely adjac~lt the upp~r end of sprin~ 60 interm~diate the spring 60 and the pivot eonneetion 75. Obviously other mechanieal arrangemen-ts can be emplc~ed to move the brake shoe 62; hc~ever, the specific strueture shc~n and deseribed is presently preferred due to its mechanieal efficiency, compactr.ess and simplicity of eomponents.
When cover 22 is in the open position of Fig, 1 the motor 14 is deenergized and the flywheel 66 is restrained by the brake assembly 48, As deseribed upon elosing the cover 22 the aetuator 46 releases the flywheel 66 fran the brake assembly 48 and permits eleetrical energization of motor 14 by the closing of switch 36. The switch 36 is preferably an electrical interlock independent of the normal electrieal control of the motor 14.
By adjusting bolts 52 and 53 a timed sequenee between the release of brake shoe 62 and the closing of switch 36 can be obtained to insure that brake shoe 62 is properly clear of the rim surface 63 prior to permitting energization of the motor 14 by the switch 36r i.e. the shaf-t 42 is moved the proper distance to eause shoe 62 to clear the rim surface 63 prior to bolt 53 engaging the pl~ger 38. Con~ersely, upon release oE eover 22 the motor 1~ is deen~rgized to permit the flywheel 66 to decelerate prior to being engaged by the brake shoe 62 to nunimize the load applied to brake shoe 62.
As is well known rotating'flywheels when uncoupled from their drive have a fly~heel effect (i.e. inertia) whereby their rotation continues after such uncoupling~ Accordingly, the bm~
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bolts 2B and nuts 32 for cover 22 provlde a period of timo before the cover 22 can be released from the bed member 16.
As shown in Fig. 2 an operator lifts flnp 34 to obtain access to bolts 28 and must use a suitable wrench means to initiate release of the nuts 32 from bolts 28. As nuts 32 are started to be released the bias of spring 60 moves the cover 22 upwardly and the bolt 53 disenga~es the plunger 38 to deenergize the motor 14. Upon further release of nuts 32 to permit nuts 32 to clear the strap 29, the bias of spring 60 moves the cover 22 further upwardly to permit the shoe 62 to engage the rim surface 63 prior to the swinging of bolts 28 which provides a time period to permit the flywheel 66 to stop prior to the operator being able to move the cover 22 away from the rotor 18. Obvio~sly other time delay means can be provided to insure that the operator cannot remove the cover 22 prior to the stoppin~ of the flywheel 66; however, the described structure is preferred due to its 9implicity, strength and the fact that an ordinary shop tool is all that is required to release or secure the cover 22. Thus bolts 52 and 53 permit, when closing, the switch 38 to be closed after shaft 42 has been moved to release the shoe 62 from the rim surface 63 and, during opening, permit the switch 38 to be opened prior to the brake shoe 62 engaging the rim surface 63.
Referring to Figs. 6 and 7, the stationary bed 16 has bed knives 11 spaced horizontally on opposite sides of the rotor member 18 so that as rotor knives 15 are rotated each cooperates with the bed knives 11 to strike any ma~erial therebetween to fragment such material as is known in the art.
Rotor knives 15 are carried by a rotor body which is of any ~1238~6 suitable form and as shown i9 preferably n pair of formed disca 7 suitably rigidly secured to the shaft 19 in axially spaced relationship. Each disc 7 i~ in the cross-sectional form of a truncated equilateral triangle having identical apex portions spaced 120 degrees from each other with respect to the central longitudinal axis of rotation of shaft 19. The discs 7 of the rotor member 18 are identical in form and directly overlie each other when viewed axially of shaft 19 as shown in Fig. 6.
The outer end of each apex portion has a ~ormed outwardly and forwardly (with respect to the direction of rotation sho~ as clockwise in Fig. 6) open seat 25 therein which are a);ially aligned with respec~ to shaft 19 to receive the rearward portion of a rotor knife 15 therein such ~hat knives 15 e~tend transversely of the discs 7 of the rotor member 18. Rotor knives 15 are each rigidly secured to the àpex portions respectively in any suitable manner which as sho~n comprises`
sui.table bolts 21 extending througll aligned clearance openings - in knives 15 and threaded openinvs extending generally radially within the apex portions of the discs 7. The heads of bolts 21 are received within suitable recesses within knives 15 to insure that they clear ehe bed knives 11. Only one such bolt 21 for one knife 15 is shown to more clearly illustrate the other structure of the knives 15.
To accomplish one purpose of this invention the knives 15 are each of a form to provide adequate strength for the loads encountered and to provide for impacting plastic pieces with an elon~ated cutting ed~e moving transversely to the elongated bed knives 11 with such cutting edges being as close as possible to perpendicularlty with respect to the plane of the cutting 3~ edge of each bed knife 11 at each side of the rotor member 18.
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~2~3806 Ae shown, each knife lS has, with reference to the direction of rotation (shown as clockwi3e in Fig. 6, however clockwise rotation i9 not essentlal to my invention) a leading radially outermost cutting edge 5 each of which cutting edges 5 travel throu~h a common orbital path 9 which encompasst!~ all other portions of the rotor member 18. Each knife 15 is designed to provide a confi~uration and size to have sufficient strength co perform its function and accordingly once the len~th of each knife 15 is determined the trailing edge 17 thereof is located inwardly of the orbital path 9 as closely as possible without interfering with the rotation of ~he knives 15. Thus, each knife 15 is identic~l in form with a radi~lly, with respect to the axis of rotation, outermost surface 23 which extends along a chord of path 9 with the cutting edge.5 being the radially outermost portion of each knife 15 and with each trailing edge 17 being spaced slightly radially inwardly of the orbi.tal path 9 of the cutting edges 5.
To accomplish another purpose of this invention the . knives 15 are supported-within seats 25, respectively, to trans- -mit the maximum force to the discs 7 resulting from the impacting of the cutting edges 5 on plastic pieces while keeping the bending force ~ithin the knives 15 to a minimum. To achieve such result the thickness of knife 15 necessary to properly transfer such impact forces is determined and seats ~5 are pro-vided with n correspondin~, depeh extending in~ardly from theouter edges of the apex portions of the discs 7. As shownl the rearward or trailing surface 27 oE each knife 15 extends per-pendicularly inwardly of the o.utermost surface 23 and the radlally innermos~ surface 31 of each knife 15 extends from the trailing surface 27 to the outer end of seat 25 and is parallel to the ~23~3~6 outermost surface 23. The leadin~ portion of each knlfe 15 extends outwardly of the discs 7 and has A surface inclined from the cuttlng edge S to the ~nnermost surf~ce 31 at an appropriate angle to obtain the desired cutting action, thnt is, rake for the cutting edges 5.
Each seat 25 is formed to closely receive the tra~ling portion of a knife 15 and accordingly has perpendicular surfaces engaging the perpendicular surfaces 27 and 31 respectively. The portion of each apex portion supporting the trailing suriace 27 is of a thickness to sustain the impact loads applied thereto without causing failure of the apex portions of discs 7. Furthsr, the outer surface of each apex portion is tapered inwardly of the orbital pa~h 9 at a slight trailing angle to permit the rotor member 18 to freely rotate. If desired the portion of seats 25 aupporting the trailing surfaces 27 may be spaced slightly inwardly of the trailing edges 17.
~ ith the struceure described it will be noted that the maximum impact loading applied to each kniie 15 is transmitted direcely through the knife 15 to ies cooperable seat 25 so ehat the bending of knives 15 is held to a minimum. Although a pre-ferred embodiment of knives 15, seats 25 and apex portions of discs 7 has been described ie will be realized ehat other forms of knives 15 can be employed and still obtain the described advantages of this invention. Obviously other forms of kniyes 15 will require different seat 25 configurations to accompllsh the purposes described. The preferred structure described is primarily dictated by, the economics of producing knives 15 but the configuration of knives 15 may be widely varied and still obtain the maximum transfer of impact load to the rotor member 18 while keeping the bending load on the knives 15 to a minimum.
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To achieve snother pu~pose of this lnvention the comminu-tion assembly i8 isclated from the remaining poreions of the grarlulator by means of sui~able suppores 200 with one such.
support 200 being located between the flanc~e 3 and the outer periphery of the stationary bed 16 (see ~ig. 9) and the other of such supports 20~ being located between the cover 22 ~nd th2 feed hopper 24 (see Fig. 10).
As illustrated in detail in Fig. 9 a sui.table channel 222 is suitably ri~,idly secured to tne flange 3 to provide an uPwardly continuous~y open channelway around the entire outer periphery of the upper end of the base portion 6. ~ lower pad 224 is located within such channelway in engac~ement with , ~he ùpper surface-of the bight portion thereof.and which pad . 2~4 extends laterally between the upwardly extending arms of channel 222 and continuously throu~hout the peripheral channelway.
The stationary bed 16 includes a peripheral flan~e 13 which extends o~twardly alon~ ~he enti-e outer periphery thereof with a portion thereof ovcrlying ~he channel 222. An upper pad 228 . is suitably affi~ed to the undersurface of flan~e 13 and extends downwardly therefrom in registery with the pad 224 throughout the continuous peripheral extent of pad 224: Pad 228 extends continuously through the channelway-of channel 222 and laterally between the arms of channel 222; however, pads 224 and 228 are of a combined thickness so that when under the weight of the structure supported thereby the upper surfaces of the arms of channel 222 are spaced from the ~mdersurface of flange 13.
Pads 224 and 228 are formed from a suitable resilient elastomeric material to minimiæe vibration of the base 8 whereby . the housin~ 1 is isolated from such vibration and consequently prevent audible vibration or the housing 1. The pads 224 and 228 are selec~ed ~ith rela~ion to the loading applied thereto ~lZ3~3~)6 and for tlle purposes of this inventlon fl pad sold by Gllmore Industries Inc. of Cleveland, Ohio which is sold under the trademark ISO~IODE ha~ proven to be satisfactory. Such ISOMODE
pads fea~ure a cross-ribbed construction which provides effective isolation of all basic modes of ~ibration and are molded from Dupont Neoprene with a 45 durometer pad being recommended for nominal loadin~ of 50 psi and a 65 durometer pad being reco~mended.
for 150 psi loadin~. Unloaded the pads are 5/16 inchcs thick and under the reco~mended loadinE the pads are compressed 1/16 of an inch. Such ISO~-IODE pads are secured to the structural members in accordance with the recommendations of Gilmore In-dustries.
By providing such isolating pads 224 and 22S as described the~vibration resulting from the impacting of the knlves 15 of the rotor member 18 on the plastic sections being fragmatized and the resulting impact force on the stationary bed 16, are isolated from the base portion 6.
The upper portion of cover 22 is provided with an upwardly open channel 222' similar to channel 222 which is sùitably ri~idly 9ecured to the cover 22 to extend arowld the opening 26 and provide a continuously open channelway for receiving a contir,uous pad 224', identical to pad 224, continuously around the entire upper periphery of the cover 22. The lowermost portion, when closed, of feed hopper 2~ is provided with an outwardly extendin~ continuous peripheral flan~e 33 at its lower end (whcn closed) which has a pad 223' dependin~ therenpon in re~istry with the pad 224'. The arms of channel 222' are spaced from the lower surface of the flange 33 when under the wei~ht of thc feed hopper 24. With the structure described the comminu-tlon structure is isolated from the housing 1 and the hopper 24 ~Z38~6 other than the shaft 19 80 ~h~t vibration of the hou~ing 1 ~nd the hopper 24 is minimized. Since the shaft 19 is connected to a flywheel drive motor 14 by ~lexible belting the connection of the ~ha~t 19 to the flywheel will not produce any subscantial vibration.
Although as described the pads 224 and 228 are identical to pads 224' and 228', if desired, the pads 224' and 228' may be smaller in si~e since the weight of hopper 24 in the comminu-tion assembly is less than the weight of the comminution assembly upon the base portion 6. The stationary bed 16 is rigidly secured to flange 13 of base portion 6 in any suitable manner which normally cornprises bolt and nut assemblies extending through aligned clearance openings. Such bolt and nut assem~lies - 2re provided with suitable means ~o minimize the transfer of vibrations therethrough such as resilient ~ashers. If desired or convenient such bolt and nut assemblies can extend through - ~ a~igned~`clearance openings in the pads 224 and 228. Similarly suitable bolt and nut asseinblies can be utilized to rigidly secure the hopper 24 to the cover 22 and again, if desired, such bolt and nut assemblies can extend through clearance openings in the pads 224' and 228'.
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the comminution structure. Since the rotatin~ member of the comminution structure can become stuck during operation it i22 necessary to provide reasonably easy acoess to the comm~nution structure during operation of the granulator to permit remo~al of the plastic piece preventing the rotor member from rotating.
W~en the rotor member is stuck the access provided does not create any problem, however, since access i9 provided it is possible in other instances to obtain access to the com2ninution s,ructure prior to the flywheel giving up all its energy. The structure of this invention provides a device which will no~
permit the operator to obtain hand access to the rotor member prior to the flywheel stopping.
As is ~enerally indicated by such plastics granulator ~prior art vàrious manuacturers of granulators ha~e evolved various desi~ns for mountin27 the cutter means in tlle rotor member to provide a desired cuttin~ action; however, the mo~nting of the cutter means in accordance with the principle~
of this invention provides for a substàntially better cutting action in that bette fragmentation is achieved at a lower power input and at substantially reduced noise levels. The particular mountin~ of the cutter means of this invention is applicable to various comminution device~ as are well kno~n in the nrt however, the particular embodiment described herein is with reerence to a plastics granulator which constitutes the presently preferred embodiment of my invention.
~ lastics granulators are commonly used ~o fra~mati~e 3~ctions or chunk~ of plastic material resulting from ~arious plastic forming operat0n6. Such sections or chunks are of a 3~123~
~ide variety of thicknesses, form and material whi~h vary in hardness so that during their fragmen-ta-tion a number of impact forces are transmitted from the comminution struc:-ture to the housing which suppor-ts the comminu-tion structure. This -trans~
mission of forces to the housing plus the noise resulting from the piercing and fragmentizing of the plas-tic section~ creates a level of noise which is undesirable in accordance with present day acoustic standards Eor machines.
In one particular aspect the present invention provides a comminution device comprising: a housing member, a comminution structure consisting of a stationary member and a rotatable knife means, said comminution structure being supported by said housing member with said comminution structure having an upwardly open extent, a rotatable flywheel supported by said housing and coupled to said rotatable knife means to cause rotation thereof upon rotation of said flywheel, enclosure means movably sùpported .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
by one of said members for selectively enclOSing said open extent of said comminution structure, means supported by said housing member having a movable portion selectively engageable with said flywheel for applying a motion restraining force to said flywheel, and said enclosure means being selectively movable into and out of engagement with said movable portion to control the application of said motion restraining force to said fly~heel.
~' ~l 1238~
These and other objec-ts and advantac~es oE the pxesent invention will becom~ more readil~ apparcnt upon a reading of the following description of the drawings oE the presently preferred embodilnent thereof in ~Ihich:
Fig, 1 is a perspe~t:ive view oE a comminutioll device constructed in accordance with -the principles of this inven-tion with the feed hopper thereof in the open posi-tion;
Fi~. 2 is a perspective view of the central portion of the device shown in Fig. l with a portion of the front flap removedi Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the brake assembly for the flywheel as located within the housing as shown in Fig. li - Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the flywheel as located within the housing of the device as shown in Fig. l;
Fig. 5 is an enlarged perspec-tivew view of the actuator assembly as utilized in the aevice as shown in Fig. l;
Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the rotor member and the stationary bed knives co-operable therewith of the granulator as shown in Fig. l;
Fig. 7 is an enlarged top plan view of the rotor member and the stationary bed knives o~ the granulator as shown in Fig. l;
- 3a -8~6 Tig. ~ is a perspective view of a comminution structure constructccl in accordance with the principles oE thls inventlon wLth portions thereof beln~ displacecl relative to ench o~her to more clearly illustrate the structure thereof;
S Fig. 9 is an enlargPd cross-sectional view of a sectio~
of a com~inution structure and the supporting structure of the granulator as shown in Fig. B illustrating the structure for reducing the transfer of vibrations from the comminution structure and such supporting structure, and Fig. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a section of the co~minution structure and the portion of the encompassing housing extending thereabove illustrating the structure for reducing the transfer of vibrations from the comminution - structure and such housing.
As shown in Fig. 1 the comminution device o this invention comprises a form2d housing 1 having a vertically extending flywheel housing portion 2 at one side thereof, an electricai control receiving box 4 extendin~ above the fly~leel housing portion 2 and a hollow base portion 6 located to the side of the fl~heel housing po~tion 2. Housing 1 is formed from any suitable material having sufficient structural strength such as steel with base portion 6 having an upper inwardly extending peripheral flange 3 (Fig. 8) to which a comminution structure is suitably rigidly secured. Base portion 6 is pro-vided with a slidable drawer 10 for receiving comminutedmaterial therein and to permit access thereto. ~ase portion 6 has a vertically extending rearward wall having a suitable electrical motor 14 suitably rigidly secured to the lower portion thereof.
- ~Z38~)t~ . -The co~minueion structure con3ists of a formed station-ary bed member 16 nnd a rotor member 18 having a centrsl elon~ated shaft 19 supported for rotation by the bed member 16 in sny suitable manner such as by axially spaced bearing3 20 carried by the bed member 16. A cover ?.2 for encloaing the upper portion of the comminution.structure i5 suitably hingedly connected to the rearward portion of the bed member 16. A
formed hollow feed hopper 24 is suitably rigidly secured to the cover 22 and the cover 22 has an opening 26 in the upper portion thereof to permit material to be inserted through feed hopper 24 into the comminution structure. The feed hopper 24 may be of any suitable form and material to permit proper feeding of material to the comminution structure.
The front portion of bed member 16 pivotably atld cap-tively supports a pair of elongated threaded access bolts 28 which are laterally spaced from each other and which are pivotably supported by bed member 16 and s~ingable from a horizontal position into a vertical position to permit access - bolts 28 to enter into spaced open ended receiving slo~s 30 extending inwardly in a strap portion 29 rigidly carrièd by-the cover 22. With bolts 28 so located within slots 30 suitable nuts 32 are tightened against the strap portion 29 wherrby the cover 22 is properly securable in tight relationship ~o the bed structure 16. Cover 22 carrles a suitable hin~ed flap 34 having An exterior handle 35 eo permit access to the nuEs 32.
Strap portion 29 is carried by cover 22 adjacent the lower edge of flap 34, when cover 22 is in thc closed position, to be ali~ned with and receive the bolts 28 when bolts 28 are in thelr upwardly extending position. A nol~ally open electrical _5_ -il2~38~6 switch 36 is carr~ed by the flywheel housing portion 2 having 8 suitable contact closing means, as illustrat~d R plunger 38, located so that the motor 14 is only electrically energizsble when the cover 22 is properly ~ecured to the bed member 16.
S A suitable armored cable electrically connects the switch 36 , .to suitable electr~cal controls (not shot~) in the control box 4.
A suitable openin~ ls provided in the flywheel housing portion 2 thrnugh which the free end of a brake shaft 42 of a brake asse~bly 48 extends. Cover 22 has a flange 44 (see Fig. 5), extending upwardly and around the opening 26, which is spaced .
inwardly of the housing portion 2 to which the lower Pnd of the feed hopper 24 is secured so that a space is provided between the flywheel housing portion 2 and the lower end of the feed lS hopper 24 and cover 22. A switch 36 is located in and the free end of shaft 42 extends into the space between feed hopper 24 and housing portion 2. A formed switch and brake ac~uator 46 is rigidly carried by the cover 22 outwardly adjacent the flange 44 which extends into the space between hopper 24 and housing portion 2 to actuate the switch 36 and enga~e the end of the brake shaft 42. Actuator 46 is of any suitable fonm which as shown is somewhat in the form of a figure 7 with the upper arm 50 extending towards the housing portion 2. Upper arm 50 threadedly receives 8 suitable inverted threaded bolt 52 so th~t -6- .
, .
~23~3~)6 the head portion of bolt 52 encJages the upper surface of sh~ft 42 to force the shaft 42 d~nwardly when cover 22 is proper.ly closed. A side arm 5 ricJidly carried by the upwardly extendinct portion or stem o~ actua-tor ~6 extends towards the housing portion 2 which threaded.ly rece~ves a sultable invert,ed bolt 53 which engages -the plunger 38 to close swi-tch 36 when the cover 22 is properly closed. Bolts 52 and 53 are axially adjustable -to provide for proper engagement of shaEt 42 and plunger 38 and suitable locking nuts 51 are also provided on bolts 52 and 53~
As sho~n in Fig. 3 the brake assembly 48 comprises a formed block 56 suitably rigidly secured to the flywheel housinq portion 2 and a block 58 which is pivotab.ly secured to the block m~mber 56 and is biased outwardly fram block member 56 by a spring 60 which spring 60 is shown in Fig. 3 in its open position. Pivot block member 56 has an upper arcuate surface to which a brake shoe 62 is suitably rigidly secured.
Brake shoe 62 is engageable with the inner circumferential rim surface 63 of the outer rim portion 64 of a fl~heel 66 for the purpose of stoppin~
the rotation of the flywheel 66. The imler rim surface 63 engaged by the shoe 62 is not illustrated, however, the imler rim surface 63 is identical to the rim surface 63 shown as is known in flyi~heel constrlction~
~ccordingly, the brake shoe 62 is of an arcuate contour and wid-th to obtain the maximum frictional engagement with the inner r.im surface 63 and block member 56 has an upper arcuate surEace to provide proper support for t`he brake shoe 62. For the purposes of this invention a standard indus-trial brake shoe is satisfactory for shoe 62.
As shown in Fig. 3 the rotor shaft 19 ex-tends throu~h the sidewall of the flywheel housing portion 2 and is provided with a suitable keyway structure cooperable with a central hub portion 68 of flywheel 66 whereby flywheel 66 rotatively drives bm~
~1238~)~
rotor shaEt 19. '~he outer surEace of the rim portion 64 is suitably formed to receive suitable clrive belts 70 wh.ich belts 70 are driven by a sultc~le drive pul].ey (not shown) on -the output sha:Et of motor 14 as is well known in the art. The rotor shaE-t 19 has a shoulder 72 which extends radially ou-twardly at the inner end of the keyway structure which engages the hub portion 68 of flywheel 66 -to posi-tion the flywheel 66 with reference to the vertically extending inner wall oE the fly~leel housing portion 2. With flywheel 66 so locat~d the brake assembly 48 is .loca-ted between the vertically extending wall of the housing portion 2 and the centrally located DS 74 of the flywheel 66 whereby brake assembly 48 does not interfere with the rotation of flywheel 66 other than when the brake shoe 62 engages the inner rim surface 63. The flywheel 66 is dr.iven by motor 14 through belt 70 to obtain the desired rotation of the rotor member 18.
When flywheel 66 is.being rotatively driven by motor 14 the brake shoe 62 must clear the inner rim surface 63 of flywheel 66 and accordingly brake shaft 42 is rigidly secured to pivot block member 58 so that the force required to close cover 22 by the anchoring of access bolts 28 is transferred through cover 22 to the actuator 46 and, by the engagemen-t of bolt 52 with brake shaft 42, overc~nes the bias of spring 60 to force the block member 56 inwardly awcay from the inner rim surface 63 to close the spring 60 as shown in Fig. 4. Conversely when the cover 22 is loosened the bolt 52 moves away fran shaft 42 and sprin~ 60 biases the block member 58 upwardly, as sh~n in Fig. 3, tGwards the inner rim surface 62 so that brake shoe 62 engc~es the inner rim surface 63 to stop the rotation of fly~heel 66. Accordingly to obtain the best utilization of the forces for so actuating block member 5S one end of the block bm~
~Z3~)6 me~ber 58 is pivotably supportec~ by block memb~r 56 by a sui-table pivot connection 75, -the spriny 60 enga~es -the under surface of bloclc member 58 at the encl oE block men~er 58 opposite pivot connect:ion 75 and extends vertically therebetween, and brake shaft 42 is received wi-thin block member 58 elosely adjac~lt the upp~r end of sprin~ 60 interm~diate the spring 60 and the pivot eonneetion 75. Obviously other mechanieal arrangemen-ts can be emplc~ed to move the brake shoe 62; hc~ever, the specific strueture shc~n and deseribed is presently preferred due to its mechanieal efficiency, compactr.ess and simplicity of eomponents.
When cover 22 is in the open position of Fig, 1 the motor 14 is deenergized and the flywheel 66 is restrained by the brake assembly 48, As deseribed upon elosing the cover 22 the aetuator 46 releases the flywheel 66 fran the brake assembly 48 and permits eleetrical energization of motor 14 by the closing of switch 36. The switch 36 is preferably an electrical interlock independent of the normal electrieal control of the motor 14.
By adjusting bolts 52 and 53 a timed sequenee between the release of brake shoe 62 and the closing of switch 36 can be obtained to insure that brake shoe 62 is properly clear of the rim surface 63 prior to permitting energization of the motor 14 by the switch 36r i.e. the shaf-t 42 is moved the proper distance to eause shoe 62 to clear the rim surface 63 prior to bolt 53 engaging the pl~ger 38. Con~ersely, upon release oE eover 22 the motor 1~ is deen~rgized to permit the flywheel 66 to decelerate prior to being engaged by the brake shoe 62 to nunimize the load applied to brake shoe 62.
As is well known rotating'flywheels when uncoupled from their drive have a fly~heel effect (i.e. inertia) whereby their rotation continues after such uncoupling~ Accordingly, the bm~
~L238q~6 .
bolts 2B and nuts 32 for cover 22 provlde a period of timo before the cover 22 can be released from the bed member 16.
As shown in Fig. 2 an operator lifts flnp 34 to obtain access to bolts 28 and must use a suitable wrench means to initiate release of the nuts 32 from bolts 28. As nuts 32 are started to be released the bias of spring 60 moves the cover 22 upwardly and the bolt 53 disenga~es the plunger 38 to deenergize the motor 14. Upon further release of nuts 32 to permit nuts 32 to clear the strap 29, the bias of spring 60 moves the cover 22 further upwardly to permit the shoe 62 to engage the rim surface 63 prior to the swinging of bolts 28 which provides a time period to permit the flywheel 66 to stop prior to the operator being able to move the cover 22 away from the rotor 18. Obvio~sly other time delay means can be provided to insure that the operator cannot remove the cover 22 prior to the stoppin~ of the flywheel 66; however, the described structure is preferred due to its 9implicity, strength and the fact that an ordinary shop tool is all that is required to release or secure the cover 22. Thus bolts 52 and 53 permit, when closing, the switch 38 to be closed after shaft 42 has been moved to release the shoe 62 from the rim surface 63 and, during opening, permit the switch 38 to be opened prior to the brake shoe 62 engaging the rim surface 63.
Referring to Figs. 6 and 7, the stationary bed 16 has bed knives 11 spaced horizontally on opposite sides of the rotor member 18 so that as rotor knives 15 are rotated each cooperates with the bed knives 11 to strike any ma~erial therebetween to fragment such material as is known in the art.
Rotor knives 15 are carried by a rotor body which is of any ~1238~6 suitable form and as shown i9 preferably n pair of formed disca 7 suitably rigidly secured to the shaft 19 in axially spaced relationship. Each disc 7 i~ in the cross-sectional form of a truncated equilateral triangle having identical apex portions spaced 120 degrees from each other with respect to the central longitudinal axis of rotation of shaft 19. The discs 7 of the rotor member 18 are identical in form and directly overlie each other when viewed axially of shaft 19 as shown in Fig. 6.
The outer end of each apex portion has a ~ormed outwardly and forwardly (with respect to the direction of rotation sho~ as clockwise in Fig. 6) open seat 25 therein which are a);ially aligned with respec~ to shaft 19 to receive the rearward portion of a rotor knife 15 therein such ~hat knives 15 e~tend transversely of the discs 7 of the rotor member 18. Rotor knives 15 are each rigidly secured to the àpex portions respectively in any suitable manner which as sho~n comprises`
sui.table bolts 21 extending througll aligned clearance openings - in knives 15 and threaded openinvs extending generally radially within the apex portions of the discs 7. The heads of bolts 21 are received within suitable recesses within knives 15 to insure that they clear ehe bed knives 11. Only one such bolt 21 for one knife 15 is shown to more clearly illustrate the other structure of the knives 15.
To accomplish one purpose of this invention the knives 15 are each of a form to provide adequate strength for the loads encountered and to provide for impacting plastic pieces with an elon~ated cutting ed~e moving transversely to the elongated bed knives 11 with such cutting edges being as close as possible to perpendicularlty with respect to the plane of the cutting 3~ edge of each bed knife 11 at each side of the rotor member 18.
.--Il^ . , .. - '- .
~2~3806 Ae shown, each knife lS has, with reference to the direction of rotation (shown as clockwi3e in Fig. 6, however clockwise rotation i9 not essentlal to my invention) a leading radially outermost cutting edge 5 each of which cutting edges 5 travel throu~h a common orbital path 9 which encompasst!~ all other portions of the rotor member 18. Each knife 15 is designed to provide a confi~uration and size to have sufficient strength co perform its function and accordingly once the len~th of each knife 15 is determined the trailing edge 17 thereof is located inwardly of the orbital path 9 as closely as possible without interfering with the rotation of ~he knives 15. Thus, each knife 15 is identic~l in form with a radi~lly, with respect to the axis of rotation, outermost surface 23 which extends along a chord of path 9 with the cutting edge.5 being the radially outermost portion of each knife 15 and with each trailing edge 17 being spaced slightly radially inwardly of the orbi.tal path 9 of the cutting edges 5.
To accomplish another purpose of this invention the . knives 15 are supported-within seats 25, respectively, to trans- -mit the maximum force to the discs 7 resulting from the impacting of the cutting edges 5 on plastic pieces while keeping the bending force ~ithin the knives 15 to a minimum. To achieve such result the thickness of knife 15 necessary to properly transfer such impact forces is determined and seats ~5 are pro-vided with n correspondin~, depeh extending in~ardly from theouter edges of the apex portions of the discs 7. As shownl the rearward or trailing surface 27 oE each knife 15 extends per-pendicularly inwardly of the o.utermost surface 23 and the radlally innermos~ surface 31 of each knife 15 extends from the trailing surface 27 to the outer end of seat 25 and is parallel to the ~23~3~6 outermost surface 23. The leadin~ portion of each knlfe 15 extends outwardly of the discs 7 and has A surface inclined from the cuttlng edge S to the ~nnermost surf~ce 31 at an appropriate angle to obtain the desired cutting action, thnt is, rake for the cutting edges 5.
Each seat 25 is formed to closely receive the tra~ling portion of a knife 15 and accordingly has perpendicular surfaces engaging the perpendicular surfaces 27 and 31 respectively. The portion of each apex portion supporting the trailing suriace 27 is of a thickness to sustain the impact loads applied thereto without causing failure of the apex portions of discs 7. Furthsr, the outer surface of each apex portion is tapered inwardly of the orbital pa~h 9 at a slight trailing angle to permit the rotor member 18 to freely rotate. If desired the portion of seats 25 aupporting the trailing surfaces 27 may be spaced slightly inwardly of the trailing edges 17.
~ ith the struceure described it will be noted that the maximum impact loading applied to each kniie 15 is transmitted direcely through the knife 15 to ies cooperable seat 25 so ehat the bending of knives 15 is held to a minimum. Although a pre-ferred embodiment of knives 15, seats 25 and apex portions of discs 7 has been described ie will be realized ehat other forms of knives 15 can be employed and still obtain the described advantages of this invention. Obviously other forms of kniyes 15 will require different seat 25 configurations to accompllsh the purposes described. The preferred structure described is primarily dictated by, the economics of producing knives 15 but the configuration of knives 15 may be widely varied and still obtain the maximum transfer of impact load to the rotor member 18 while keeping the bending load on the knives 15 to a minimum.
.
~L~LZ38~
To achieve snother pu~pose of this lnvention the comminu-tion assembly i8 isclated from the remaining poreions of the grarlulator by means of sui~able suppores 200 with one such.
support 200 being located between the flanc~e 3 and the outer periphery of the stationary bed 16 (see ~ig. 9) and the other of such supports 20~ being located between the cover 22 ~nd th2 feed hopper 24 (see Fig. 10).
As illustrated in detail in Fig. 9 a sui.table channel 222 is suitably ri~,idly secured to tne flange 3 to provide an uPwardly continuous~y open channelway around the entire outer periphery of the upper end of the base portion 6. ~ lower pad 224 is located within such channelway in engac~ement with , ~he ùpper surface-of the bight portion thereof.and which pad . 2~4 extends laterally between the upwardly extending arms of channel 222 and continuously throu~hout the peripheral channelway.
The stationary bed 16 includes a peripheral flan~e 13 which extends o~twardly alon~ ~he enti-e outer periphery thereof with a portion thereof ovcrlying ~he channel 222. An upper pad 228 . is suitably affi~ed to the undersurface of flan~e 13 and extends downwardly therefrom in registery with the pad 224 throughout the continuous peripheral extent of pad 224: Pad 228 extends continuously through the channelway-of channel 222 and laterally between the arms of channel 222; however, pads 224 and 228 are of a combined thickness so that when under the weight of the structure supported thereby the upper surfaces of the arms of channel 222 are spaced from the ~mdersurface of flange 13.
Pads 224 and 228 are formed from a suitable resilient elastomeric material to minimiæe vibration of the base 8 whereby . the housin~ 1 is isolated from such vibration and consequently prevent audible vibration or the housing 1. The pads 224 and 228 are selec~ed ~ith rela~ion to the loading applied thereto ~lZ3~3~)6 and for tlle purposes of this inventlon fl pad sold by Gllmore Industries Inc. of Cleveland, Ohio which is sold under the trademark ISO~IODE ha~ proven to be satisfactory. Such ISOMODE
pads fea~ure a cross-ribbed construction which provides effective isolation of all basic modes of ~ibration and are molded from Dupont Neoprene with a 45 durometer pad being recommended for nominal loadin~ of 50 psi and a 65 durometer pad being reco~mended.
for 150 psi loadin~. Unloaded the pads are 5/16 inchcs thick and under the reco~mended loadinE the pads are compressed 1/16 of an inch. Such ISO~-IODE pads are secured to the structural members in accordance with the recommendations of Gilmore In-dustries.
By providing such isolating pads 224 and 22S as described the~vibration resulting from the impacting of the knlves 15 of the rotor member 18 on the plastic sections being fragmatized and the resulting impact force on the stationary bed 16, are isolated from the base portion 6.
The upper portion of cover 22 is provided with an upwardly open channel 222' similar to channel 222 which is sùitably ri~idly 9ecured to the cover 22 to extend arowld the opening 26 and provide a continuously open channelway for receiving a contir,uous pad 224', identical to pad 224, continuously around the entire upper periphery of the cover 22. The lowermost portion, when closed, of feed hopper 2~ is provided with an outwardly extendin~ continuous peripheral flan~e 33 at its lower end (whcn closed) which has a pad 223' dependin~ therenpon in re~istry with the pad 224'. The arms of channel 222' are spaced from the lower surface of the flange 33 when under the wei~ht of thc feed hopper 24. With the structure described the comminu-tlon structure is isolated from the housing 1 and the hopper 24 ~Z38~6 other than the shaft 19 80 ~h~t vibration of the hou~ing 1 ~nd the hopper 24 is minimized. Since the shaft 19 is connected to a flywheel drive motor 14 by ~lexible belting the connection of the ~ha~t 19 to the flywheel will not produce any subscantial vibration.
Although as described the pads 224 and 228 are identical to pads 224' and 228', if desired, the pads 224' and 228' may be smaller in si~e since the weight of hopper 24 in the comminu-tion assembly is less than the weight of the comminution assembly upon the base portion 6. The stationary bed 16 is rigidly secured to flange 13 of base portion 6 in any suitable manner which normally cornprises bolt and nut assemblies extending through aligned clearance openings. Such bolt and nut assem~lies - 2re provided with suitable means ~o minimize the transfer of vibrations therethrough such as resilient ~ashers. If desired or convenient such bolt and nut assemblies can extend through - ~ a~igned~`clearance openings in the pads 224 and 228. Similarly suitable bolt and nut asseinblies can be utilized to rigidly secure the hopper 24 to the cover 22 and again, if desired, such bolt and nut assemblies can extend through clearance openings in the pads 224' and 228'.
-1~- .
Claims (9)
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A comminution device comprising: a housing member, a comminution structure consisting of a stationary member and a rotatable knife means, said comminution structure being supported by said housing member with said comminution structure having an upwardly open extent, a rotatable flywheel supported by said housing and coupled to said rotatable knife means to cause rotation thereof upon rotation of said flywheel, enclosure means movably supported by one of said members for selectively enclosing said open extent of said comminution structure, means supported by said housing member having a movable portion selectively engageable with said flywheel for applying a motion restraining force to said flywheel, and said enclosure means being selectively movable into and out of engagement with said movable portion to control the application of said motion restraining force to said flywheel.
2. A comminution device as specified in claim 1 wherein said enclosure means engages said movable portion to move said movable portion out of engagement with said flywheel.
3. A comminution device as set forth in claim 1 wherein said movable portion is biased towards engagement with said fly-wheel and said enclosure means engages said movable portion to overcome such bias when said open extent is enclosed.
4. A comminution device as specified in claim 3 wherein said enclosure includes means to vary the force applied to said movable portion to overcome such bias.
5. A comminution device as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flywheel has a rim portion and said movable portion is biased towards said rim portion with an outer surface thereof being engageable with an inner surface on said rim portion.
6. A comminution device as set forth in claim 5 wherein said outer surface is defined by an arcuate brake shoe carried by said movable portion.
7. A comminution device as specified in claim 1 wherein mechanical means secure said enclosure means to avoid stationary member when said open extent is enclosed and which mechanical means require releasing before said open extent can be uncovered by moving said enclosure.
8. A comminution device as specified in claim 1 wherein said flywheel is driven by an electrically energized drive, said housing carries switch means for controlling the electrical energization of said drive, and means carried by said enclosure to selectively actuate said switch means.
9. A comminution device as specified in claim 8 wherein said switch means is actuated in timed relationship with respect to said engagement of said enclosure with said movable portion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA370,691A CA1123806A (en) | 1976-03-16 | 1981-02-11 | Comminution device |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/667,301 US4062500A (en) | 1976-03-16 | 1976-03-16 | Comminution device |
| US667,400 | 1976-03-16 | ||
| US05/667,400 US4043514A (en) | 1976-03-16 | 1976-03-16 | Comminution device |
| US667,301 | 1976-03-16 | ||
| US66806276A | 1976-03-18 | 1976-03-18 | |
| US668,062 | 1976-03-18 | ||
| CA273,876A CA1106819A (en) | 1976-03-16 | 1977-03-14 | Comminution device |
| CA370,691A CA1123806A (en) | 1976-03-16 | 1981-02-11 | Comminution device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1123806A true CA1123806A (en) | 1982-05-18 |
Family
ID=27508085
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA370,691A Expired CA1123806A (en) | 1976-03-16 | 1981-02-11 | Comminution device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1123806A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-02-11 CA CA370,691A patent/CA1123806A/en not_active Expired
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |