CA1123223A - Method and apparatus for photometric measurements in the visible and ultraviolet field of biological liquors and other liquids, adapted to prevent systematic errors due to pollution - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for photometric measurements in the visible and ultraviolet field of biological liquors and other liquids, adapted to prevent systematic errors due to pollutionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1123223A CA1123223A CA313,189A CA313189A CA1123223A CA 1123223 A CA1123223 A CA 1123223A CA 313189 A CA313189 A CA 313189A CA 1123223 A CA1123223 A CA 1123223A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- suction
- tub
- chamber
- liquid
- path
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
- G01N35/1095—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices for supplying the samples to flow-through analysers
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method and an apparatus are disclosed for facilitating the testing of samples of liquids, especially biological liquors, with photometric means. In order to prevent systematic errors due to pollution of samples when passing from a tested sample to a sample to be tested, provision is made so that the photometric scanning is carried out on the terminal portion of the sample. Valves, preferably electromagnetic valves, are provided for switching the liquid from the test-tub containing the sample to the tub in which the liquid is photometrically scanned. Air jets are used to dislodge possible residues of previous samples and/or washing liquids from the tub.
A method and an apparatus are disclosed for facilitating the testing of samples of liquids, especially biological liquors, with photometric means. In order to prevent systematic errors due to pollution of samples when passing from a tested sample to a sample to be tested, provision is made so that the photometric scanning is carried out on the terminal portion of the sample. Valves, preferably electromagnetic valves, are provided for switching the liquid from the test-tub containing the sample to the tub in which the liquid is photometrically scanned. Air jets are used to dislodge possible residues of previous samples and/or washing liquids from the tub.
Description
1~.23ZZ3 The present invention relates to a method and apparatus of analysis, especially photometric,with micro-tubs which are automatically filled in combination or not with a sampling device.
Particularly, the present invention relates to the systems for photometric analyses in the visible and ultraviolet radiation fields and to apparatus intended to effec-t such operations, for analysis laboratories in which samples must sequentially be exami-; ned, mainly of biological liquors with a high accuracy especially in connection with per-centage data. These analyses must be carried out with sample volumes which very often extremely small, so that the problem of accuracy is thus exalted since the presence of a residual of polluting liquor in the test tub has a considerable bearing on the percentage data to be calculated: this fact is evidence both by the presence of residues of a previously tested sample and to the presence of residues of the washing liquors. In these systems, which use micro-tubs which are automatically filled by a sample-takin`g mechanism coupled to the tubs, the error indi-cated above, which is also called ''carry over'' is extremely detri-mental even if special expedients are adopted for emptying the tubs and, as rule, it is increased as a function of thc properties of the surfaces on which the liquors flow and of the properties of the liquor to be analyzed as such, which may be viscous, foamy, or capillarly-active.
The system and the apparatus according to the invention have been conceived so as to attain a substantial accuracy in the rea-dings even maintaining, in comparison with the systems known at present, low values of sample useup with respect to the volume which ~;~
is necessary for the tests. The invention permits that very low pollution values may be achieved, such as to have an even lower bearing on the final error of the readings than that due to other factors.
According to the present invention there is provided a method ,.~ .,~,~f .. . ~ I . :
~L3';.2322~
, of analysing a liquid, using an ap~aratus in which a chamber is disposed in a flow path with a liquid outlet from the chamber in a lower region thereof, which method comprises (i) discharging from said path any liquid remaining from a previous reading or any washing liquid, by applying suction to the downstream end of said path so as to flush the path with a gas; (ii) filling the path, including the chamber, with a fresh column of liquid to be analysed, by applying suction to the downstream end of said path; ~iii) advancing the column of liquid in said path towards the downstream end of said path, by the application of suction thereto, so as to cause that portion of the liquid column which was at an upstream end region of said path at the end of the filling of stage ~ to occupy the chamber; ~iv) degasi:Eying the contents of the.chamber, by applying suction to an upper zone of the chamber; and (v) effecting a reading on the liquid in the chamber.
In practice, provision is made for a flow of air from above and from below, which, in addition to removing at the outset the sample which has already been tested, sweeps away the major fraction of the residual liquor in the test route (cuvette and pipings) prior to drawing in the subsequent sample by suction.
This suction of the sample takes place from the ~ottom of the micro-test-tub and the intake from top, so that the traces of residual liquor of the previous test can be .
swept away during the suction of the sample: this operation takes place in three stages in rapid sequential order, viz.:
the first two stages Eor washing and the third for taking the reading.
With advantage, there is also provided for a stage of suction of air and thus for establishing a negative pressure
Particularly, the present invention relates to the systems for photometric analyses in the visible and ultraviolet radiation fields and to apparatus intended to effec-t such operations, for analysis laboratories in which samples must sequentially be exami-; ned, mainly of biological liquors with a high accuracy especially in connection with per-centage data. These analyses must be carried out with sample volumes which very often extremely small, so that the problem of accuracy is thus exalted since the presence of a residual of polluting liquor in the test tub has a considerable bearing on the percentage data to be calculated: this fact is evidence both by the presence of residues of a previously tested sample and to the presence of residues of the washing liquors. In these systems, which use micro-tubs which are automatically filled by a sample-takin`g mechanism coupled to the tubs, the error indi-cated above, which is also called ''carry over'' is extremely detri-mental even if special expedients are adopted for emptying the tubs and, as rule, it is increased as a function of thc properties of the surfaces on which the liquors flow and of the properties of the liquor to be analyzed as such, which may be viscous, foamy, or capillarly-active.
The system and the apparatus according to the invention have been conceived so as to attain a substantial accuracy in the rea-dings even maintaining, in comparison with the systems known at present, low values of sample useup with respect to the volume which ~;~
is necessary for the tests. The invention permits that very low pollution values may be achieved, such as to have an even lower bearing on the final error of the readings than that due to other factors.
According to the present invention there is provided a method ,.~ .,~,~f .. . ~ I . :
~L3';.2322~
, of analysing a liquid, using an ap~aratus in which a chamber is disposed in a flow path with a liquid outlet from the chamber in a lower region thereof, which method comprises (i) discharging from said path any liquid remaining from a previous reading or any washing liquid, by applying suction to the downstream end of said path so as to flush the path with a gas; (ii) filling the path, including the chamber, with a fresh column of liquid to be analysed, by applying suction to the downstream end of said path; ~iii) advancing the column of liquid in said path towards the downstream end of said path, by the application of suction thereto, so as to cause that portion of the liquid column which was at an upstream end region of said path at the end of the filling of stage ~ to occupy the chamber; ~iv) degasi:Eying the contents of the.chamber, by applying suction to an upper zone of the chamber; and (v) effecting a reading on the liquid in the chamber.
In practice, provision is made for a flow of air from above and from below, which, in addition to removing at the outset the sample which has already been tested, sweeps away the major fraction of the residual liquor in the test route (cuvette and pipings) prior to drawing in the subsequent sample by suction.
This suction of the sample takes place from the ~ottom of the micro-test-tub and the intake from top, so that the traces of residual liquor of the previous test can be .
swept away during the suction of the sample: this operation takes place in three stages in rapid sequential order, viz.:
the first two stages Eor washing and the third for taking the reading.
With advantage, there is also provided for a stage of suction of air and thus for establishing a negative pressure
- 2 -:
.
in the micro-tub after that the terminal portion of the column of the liquor to be tested has reached the micro-tub;
thus an effect is achieved or removal of bubbles and foam, that which is vital for a correct photometric reading.
Accordin~ to the present invention thexe is also provided an apparatus for the photometric analysls of biological and others liquors, comprising a tub of three-way type, having a top and a bottom, an arrival duct coming from a sampling means and connected at the top of the tub, a suction and discharge duct connected at the bottom of the tub, an air-suction duct connected at the top of the tub, and valve means for controlling the suction and discharge duct and the air suction duct in a selective manner, and means controlling a time sequence.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus suitable for use in analyzing a liquid, which apparatus comprises a container provided with a chamber having an inlet in an upper region, a first outlet in a lower region and a second outlet in an`upper region; a first pipe connected or connectible to a sampling needle or an equivalent means, and connected to the inlet; a second pipe connected to the first outlet and connected or connectible to a suctlon source; a third pipe connected to the second outlet and connected or connectible to a suction source; first actuatable valve means disposed in the third pipe; and control means for controlling the acutation of the first and second valve means.
The micro tub may comprise a prismatic cavity which is intended for taking the readings, and inclined bottom wall connected to the suction and discharge duct, a top cavity in the form of a chimney which is connected at the top with the feed duct and from which the top suction duct branches off.
~3~Z3 The invention will be better understood from the description and the accompanying drawings which show an exemplary embodiment of the invention without limiting it~
In the drawings:
FIGURES 1, 2, 3, and ~ show in a very dlagrammatical manner the characteristic sequential stages of a method r .
` r`
: ~.23ZZ3 4.
of analysis, the apparatus -therefor bein~ shown limit-- edly to the liquid flo~ diagram.
FIGURE 5 shows an ele^tri.c diagram, and FIGURES 6, 7, 8 and 9 sl~ow a perspective view, : 5 in diagrammatical fashion and ~ross-sectiona]. views~
taken along the l.ines VII-VII and VIII-VIII of FIGURE 6, and a vertical diagrammatical cross-section of the micro-tub-containing cell, respectively ~
According to that which is shown in th_ accompany-ing drawings, the numeral 1 generally indicates the c~
which contains the micro-tub 3~ the latter being extend-- ed vertically and .in a slot-like outline for the request-ed analyses. At top, the micro--tub 3 has a chimney-like outline at 3A, to be extended into a duct 5 and fitting 5A. Laterally, in a position intermediate in :~:
the portion 3A a second duct 7 with a fitting 7A is connecGed to 3A. From the bottom of the micro-tub 3 a passageway 3B is excended from which a duct 9 with a .: .
fitting 9A branches off upwards. From the duct 5 of :~
the cell l a portion of pipe ln extends towards the needle 12 which is intended o:r sampling the liquors from the respective test tubes P. From the duct 9 a piping 14 branches off, in wh ch an electromagnetic valve 16 is inserted. Through the valve 16 the duct 14 `;`
and thus the bottom of the tub can be out in communi~
cation with the suction duct 18. The duc-t 7 is con-nected to a porticn of piping 20 which reaches via an electromagnetic valve 22 the same suction duct 187 which :
serves ~l~o for discharging the liquors which have been flown through the apparatus.
The micro-tub can also be mad~ with a capacity of 300 microlitres and the electronlagnetic valves are of l~Z3~23 the quick-acting type and are controlled by a special-ly provided electronic circuit which is with appro-priate timers for carrylng out a cycle of steps.
In the illustrative diagrasl of FIGURE 5, the nume-ral 26 indicates a switch for starting the filling cycl--, 28 is a switch for starting the emptying cycle~ 30 is a - timer for establis~ing -the filling time~ the latter be-.ng adjustable as a function of the properties of the sample concerned, 3~ is a wait-timer for the time of waiting between a fil~ing stage and a flo~Y stage to be described hereinafter, 3~, is a timer for tha dura-tion of the flow stage, 36 is a timer for a wait stage between the flow stage and the reading, in order to obt.ain the settling of the liquor in the micro-tub. The numeral 38 is the emptying timer.
The operation of a cycle of analysis is as follows7 startin~ from the stage of empt~ting and discharge of a - liquid presellt in the micro-tub and which can be a wash-ing liquor or a sample of a pre.vious analysis.
During the first stage the two electromagnetic valves 16 and 2` ar-e simulta~eously opened while the ncedle 12 is in the atmosphere: thus a suction o- air is experienced from the suction duct lO through the micro~
tub 3 and the two ducts 7 and 9. Thus the ~1ischarge o-the liquid held in the tub is carried out and. moreover~
due to the effect of the air stream, also the removal of at least a portion of the residues of liquids otherwise stuck to the walls of the ducts. This initial stage (see FIGURE 1) is terminated by the closure of the two electromagnetic valves 16 and ~.
In a second sta~e of the cycle the liquid is drawn .
as soon as the sampling needle has ent.ered the test tub , l~Z32~
6.
or when the test tub has been l:;~ted to have ~he -sampling needle entering it. At this sta~e~ -the timer 30 opens -the electromagI!etic valve 16 ror such - ~ tirle that the drawn-in liquor may fill the sections 10, 3, 9 and 14 of the routeO The liquid in the sections 9 and 14 is the first ~o flow through the in-ternal route in which polluting residues are still present so that it will ob~iously be the most heavily ', polluted one as it has washed out the whole route.
The liquid oontained in the micro-tub portion 3 is ca-pable'of diluting possible further residues and this is efficiently carried out during a stay time which is established by the timer 32. The liquid presen-t in the - section 10 of 1,he route is obviously the less polluted one and ~hall be the one for taking the readingsO
A third stage is carried out with advantage imme- ~
diately as -the sampling needle has emerged from the test tub or as the test tub has been withdrawn on com-pletion of the suction stage, During this third,stage the valve 16 is reopened for a certain time which is established by the timer 34. This act originates a flow of the liquid column in-to ~he route formed by the sections 10~ 3~ 9~ 14 and thus the nonpolluted liquor which was formerly present in the section 10~ is trans- ,~
2S ferred into the micro-tub 3 and thus is in a posi-tion to undergo the photometric test, the latter being thus exempt to a degree from errors due to pollution.
During a fourth stage, after the closure of the valve 16 and when the le~s polluted liquor to be test-ed is in the micro-tubj the valve 22 is opened for a short time and this fact causes a negative pressure to be produced in the top portion of the ~icro-tub: the ~.23223 result is the removal ar.d the disposal also of the foamy fractions and air bubbles ~hich might have been formed also deeply in the licluid Inass in the micro-tub. This stage substantially permits to restrict the alterations of the readings uue to bubbles of air and this is due to the effect o~ the negative pressure - and thus, to a certain degree~ to the phenomenon of "negative water hammer" as caused by the negative pres- -sure. Immediately on closing the ~alve 22, the read-ing is taken and a fresh cycle is started by removing the tested liquor.
It is intended that the drawings show but an exaDIple as a practical showing of the invention, modifications and changes being possible without departing from the scope of the invention~
.
in the micro-tub after that the terminal portion of the column of the liquor to be tested has reached the micro-tub;
thus an effect is achieved or removal of bubbles and foam, that which is vital for a correct photometric reading.
Accordin~ to the present invention thexe is also provided an apparatus for the photometric analysls of biological and others liquors, comprising a tub of three-way type, having a top and a bottom, an arrival duct coming from a sampling means and connected at the top of the tub, a suction and discharge duct connected at the bottom of the tub, an air-suction duct connected at the top of the tub, and valve means for controlling the suction and discharge duct and the air suction duct in a selective manner, and means controlling a time sequence.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus suitable for use in analyzing a liquid, which apparatus comprises a container provided with a chamber having an inlet in an upper region, a first outlet in a lower region and a second outlet in an`upper region; a first pipe connected or connectible to a sampling needle or an equivalent means, and connected to the inlet; a second pipe connected to the first outlet and connected or connectible to a suctlon source; a third pipe connected to the second outlet and connected or connectible to a suction source; first actuatable valve means disposed in the third pipe; and control means for controlling the acutation of the first and second valve means.
The micro tub may comprise a prismatic cavity which is intended for taking the readings, and inclined bottom wall connected to the suction and discharge duct, a top cavity in the form of a chimney which is connected at the top with the feed duct and from which the top suction duct branches off.
~3~Z3 The invention will be better understood from the description and the accompanying drawings which show an exemplary embodiment of the invention without limiting it~
In the drawings:
FIGURES 1, 2, 3, and ~ show in a very dlagrammatical manner the characteristic sequential stages of a method r .
` r`
: ~.23ZZ3 4.
of analysis, the apparatus -therefor bein~ shown limit-- edly to the liquid flo~ diagram.
FIGURE 5 shows an ele^tri.c diagram, and FIGURES 6, 7, 8 and 9 sl~ow a perspective view, : 5 in diagrammatical fashion and ~ross-sectiona]. views~
taken along the l.ines VII-VII and VIII-VIII of FIGURE 6, and a vertical diagrammatical cross-section of the micro-tub-containing cell, respectively ~
According to that which is shown in th_ accompany-ing drawings, the numeral 1 generally indicates the c~
which contains the micro-tub 3~ the latter being extend-- ed vertically and .in a slot-like outline for the request-ed analyses. At top, the micro--tub 3 has a chimney-like outline at 3A, to be extended into a duct 5 and fitting 5A. Laterally, in a position intermediate in :~:
the portion 3A a second duct 7 with a fitting 7A is connecGed to 3A. From the bottom of the micro-tub 3 a passageway 3B is excended from which a duct 9 with a .: .
fitting 9A branches off upwards. From the duct 5 of :~
the cell l a portion of pipe ln extends towards the needle 12 which is intended o:r sampling the liquors from the respective test tubes P. From the duct 9 a piping 14 branches off, in wh ch an electromagnetic valve 16 is inserted. Through the valve 16 the duct 14 `;`
and thus the bottom of the tub can be out in communi~
cation with the suction duct 18. The duc-t 7 is con-nected to a porticn of piping 20 which reaches via an electromagnetic valve 22 the same suction duct 187 which :
serves ~l~o for discharging the liquors which have been flown through the apparatus.
The micro-tub can also be mad~ with a capacity of 300 microlitres and the electronlagnetic valves are of l~Z3~23 the quick-acting type and are controlled by a special-ly provided electronic circuit which is with appro-priate timers for carrylng out a cycle of steps.
In the illustrative diagrasl of FIGURE 5, the nume-ral 26 indicates a switch for starting the filling cycl--, 28 is a switch for starting the emptying cycle~ 30 is a - timer for establis~ing -the filling time~ the latter be-.ng adjustable as a function of the properties of the sample concerned, 3~ is a wait-timer for the time of waiting between a fil~ing stage and a flo~Y stage to be described hereinafter, 3~, is a timer for tha dura-tion of the flow stage, 36 is a timer for a wait stage between the flow stage and the reading, in order to obt.ain the settling of the liquor in the micro-tub. The numeral 38 is the emptying timer.
The operation of a cycle of analysis is as follows7 startin~ from the stage of empt~ting and discharge of a - liquid presellt in the micro-tub and which can be a wash-ing liquor or a sample of a pre.vious analysis.
During the first stage the two electromagnetic valves 16 and 2` ar-e simulta~eously opened while the ncedle 12 is in the atmosphere: thus a suction o- air is experienced from the suction duct lO through the micro~
tub 3 and the two ducts 7 and 9. Thus the ~1ischarge o-the liquid held in the tub is carried out and. moreover~
due to the effect of the air stream, also the removal of at least a portion of the residues of liquids otherwise stuck to the walls of the ducts. This initial stage (see FIGURE 1) is terminated by the closure of the two electromagnetic valves 16 and ~.
In a second sta~e of the cycle the liquid is drawn .
as soon as the sampling needle has ent.ered the test tub , l~Z32~
6.
or when the test tub has been l:;~ted to have ~he -sampling needle entering it. At this sta~e~ -the timer 30 opens -the electromagI!etic valve 16 ror such - ~ tirle that the drawn-in liquor may fill the sections 10, 3, 9 and 14 of the routeO The liquid in the sections 9 and 14 is the first ~o flow through the in-ternal route in which polluting residues are still present so that it will ob~iously be the most heavily ', polluted one as it has washed out the whole route.
The liquid oontained in the micro-tub portion 3 is ca-pable'of diluting possible further residues and this is efficiently carried out during a stay time which is established by the timer 32. The liquid presen-t in the - section 10 of 1,he route is obviously the less polluted one and ~hall be the one for taking the readingsO
A third stage is carried out with advantage imme- ~
diately as -the sampling needle has emerged from the test tub or as the test tub has been withdrawn on com-pletion of the suction stage, During this third,stage the valve 16 is reopened for a certain time which is established by the timer 34. This act originates a flow of the liquid column in-to ~he route formed by the sections 10~ 3~ 9~ 14 and thus the nonpolluted liquor which was formerly present in the section 10~ is trans- ,~
2S ferred into the micro-tub 3 and thus is in a posi-tion to undergo the photometric test, the latter being thus exempt to a degree from errors due to pollution.
During a fourth stage, after the closure of the valve 16 and when the le~s polluted liquor to be test-ed is in the micro-tubj the valve 22 is opened for a short time and this fact causes a negative pressure to be produced in the top portion of the ~icro-tub: the ~.23223 result is the removal ar.d the disposal also of the foamy fractions and air bubbles ~hich might have been formed also deeply in the licluid Inass in the micro-tub. This stage substantially permits to restrict the alterations of the readings uue to bubbles of air and this is due to the effect o~ the negative pressure - and thus, to a certain degree~ to the phenomenon of "negative water hammer" as caused by the negative pres- -sure. Immediately on closing the ~alve 22, the read-ing is taken and a fresh cycle is started by removing the tested liquor.
It is intended that the drawings show but an exaDIple as a practical showing of the invention, modifications and changes being possible without departing from the scope of the invention~
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for the photometric analysis of biological and other liquors, comprising:
- a tub of three-way type, having a top and a bottom, - an arrival duct coming from a sampling means and connected at the top of said tub, - a suction and discharge duct connected at the bottom of said tub, - an air-suction duct connected at the top of said tub, and - valve means for controlling said suction and discharge duct and said air suction duct in a selective manner, and - means for controlling a time sequence.
- a tub of three-way type, having a top and a bottom, - an arrival duct coming from a sampling means and connected at the top of said tub, - a suction and discharge duct connected at the bottom of said tub, - an air-suction duct connected at the top of said tub, and - valve means for controlling said suction and discharge duct and said air suction duct in a selective manner, and - means for controlling a time sequence.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein said tub is a micro-tub, said sampling means is a sampling needle and said valve means are of electromagnetic type.
3. An apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the micro-tub comprises a prismatic space, an inclided bottom wall connected to the suction and discharge duct, a chimney-shaped top space connected at the top with the arrival duct and from which the top suction duct branches-off.
4. A method of analyzing a liquid, using an apparatus in which a chamber is disposed in a flow path with a liquid outlet from the chamber in a lower region thereof, which method comprises (i) discharging from said path any liquid remaining from a previous reading or any washing liquid, by applying suction to the downstream end of said path so as to flush the path with a gas; (ii) filling the path, including the chamber, with a fresh column of liquid to be analyzed, by applying suction to the downstream end of said path; (iii) advancing the column of liquid in said path towards the downstream end of said path, by the application of suction thereto, so as to cause that portion of the liquid column which was at an upstream end region of said path at the end of the filling of stage (ii) to occupy the chamber;
(iv) degasifying the contents of the chamber, by applying suction to an upper zone of the chamber; and (v) effecting a reading on the liquid in the chamber.
(iv) degasifying the contents of the chamber, by applying suction to an upper zone of the chamber; and (v) effecting a reading on the liquid in the chamber.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said path is connected at its downstream end region to a suction source, and the application of suction at different regions in the different stages is controlled by electromagnetically actuatable valves.
6. An apparatus suitable for use in analyzing a liquid, which apparatus comprises a container provided with a chamber having an inlet in an upper region, a first outlet in a lower region and a second outlet in an upper region; a first pipe connected or connectible to a sampling needle or an equivalent means, and connected to the inlet; a second pipe connected to the first outlet and connected or connectible to a suction source; a third pipe connected to the second outlet and connected or connectible to a suction source; first actuatable valve means disposed in the third pipe; and control means for controlling the acutation of the first and second valve means.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first and second actuatable valve means are of the electro-magnetic type.
8. An apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the container has a chamber of a generally prismatic shape, with an inclined base wall leading to the first outlet, with an upper region of the chamber tapering upwardly to the inlet, and with said second outlet opening onto said upper region of the chamber.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT9608A/77 | 1977-10-27 | ||
| IT960877A IT1143854B (en) | 1977-10-27 | 1977-10-27 | SYSTEM AND RELATED EQUIPMENT FOR PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN THE FIELD OF THE VISIBLE AND UV BIOLOGICAL LIQUIDS OR OTHER ACTIVITY TO AVOID SYSTEMATIC ERRORS DUE TO POLLUTION |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1123223A true CA1123223A (en) | 1982-05-11 |
Family
ID=11132661
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA313,189A Expired CA1123223A (en) | 1977-10-27 | 1978-10-12 | Method and apparatus for photometric measurements in the visible and ultraviolet field of biological liquors and other liquids, adapted to prevent systematic errors due to pollution |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5471684A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7807149A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1123223A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2846682B2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES474863A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2407465A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2007361B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1143854B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2531538A1 (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1984-02-10 | Exxon France | Method and apparatus for testing liquid samples |
| DE3242455A1 (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1984-05-17 | Dr. Bruno Lange Gmbh, 1000 Berlin | Arrangement for filling the measuring cell of a photometer |
| DE3242459A1 (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1984-05-17 | Dr. Bruno Lange Gmbh, 1000 Berlin | Sample distribution device |
| JP7113604B2 (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2022-08-05 | 株式会社Ｓｃｒｅｅｎホールディングス | Absorbance measuring device and absorbance measuring method |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3401591A (en) * | 1963-12-09 | 1968-09-17 | Warner Lambert Pharmaceutical | Analytical cuvette and supply system wherein the cuvette inlet and outlet are located on the bottom of the cuvette |
| FR1486027A (en) * | 1965-07-06 | 1967-06-23 | Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved | Cuvette assembly for photometer |
| FR1536062A (en) * | 1966-09-09 | 1968-08-09 | Evans Electroselenium Ltd | Spectrophotometer with digital printout of measurement results |
| US3602395A (en) * | 1968-11-07 | 1971-08-31 | Braun Fa B | Alternate filling and emptying device |
| DE1932126A1 (en) * | 1969-06-25 | 1971-01-07 | Bodenseewerk Perkin Elmer Co | Liquid transfer system for automatic filling - of cuvettes |
| US3705773A (en) * | 1970-02-11 | 1972-12-12 | Guido Vicario | Method and apparatus for conveying liquids to be analyzed to an automatic spectrophotometrical reading cuvette |
| FR2146595A5 (en) * | 1971-07-20 | 1973-03-02 | Gilson Warren | |
| DE2220118B2 (en) * | 1972-04-25 | 1977-06-30 | Labtronic AG Gesellschaft für klinische Labortechnik, Zürich (Schweiz) | CUVETTE FOR EXTINCTION MEASUREMENTS |
| US3912452A (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-10-14 | Damon Corp | Method and apparatus for photometric analysis of liquid samples |
| GB1495120A (en) * | 1975-11-07 | 1977-12-14 | Sclavo Inst Sieroterapeut | Photometric liquid analysers |
-
1977
- 1977-10-27 IT IT960877A patent/IT1143854B/en active
-
1978
- 1978-10-12 CA CA313,189A patent/CA1123223A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-25 GB GB7841833A patent/GB2007361B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-26 JP JP13109578A patent/JPS5471684A/en active Pending
- 1978-10-26 FR FR7830508A patent/FR2407465A1/en active Granted
- 1978-10-26 DE DE19782846682 patent/DE2846682B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1978-10-27 BR BR7807149A patent/BR7807149A/en unknown
- 1978-10-27 ES ES474863A patent/ES474863A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2007361A (en) | 1979-05-16 |
| DE2846682A1 (en) | 1979-06-13 |
| IT1143854B (en) | 1986-10-22 |
| JPS5471684A (en) | 1979-06-08 |
| FR2407465A1 (en) | 1979-05-25 |
| DE2846682B2 (en) | 1980-11-27 |
| BR7807149A (en) | 1979-07-17 |
| ES474863A1 (en) | 1979-11-01 |
| FR2407465B1 (en) | 1983-03-18 |
| GB2007361B (en) | 1982-05-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |