CA1114120A - Device or apparatus for preparing fibrous materials suitable for the manufacture of synthetic paper - Google Patents
Device or apparatus for preparing fibrous materials suitable for the manufacture of synthetic paperInfo
- Publication number
- CA1114120A CA1114120A CA313,100A CA313100A CA1114120A CA 1114120 A CA1114120 A CA 1114120A CA 313100 A CA313100 A CA 313100A CA 1114120 A CA1114120 A CA 1114120A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- divergent
- convergent
- nozzle
- nozzles
- circular crown
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/11—Flash-spinning
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
DEVICE OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING
FIBROUS MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF SYNTHETIC PAPER (Case FE.2502 ) Abstract of the Disclosure Apparatus is disclosed for preparing fibrous materials suitable for manufacturing pulps for paper, in accordance with the mehod of extruding solutions, emulsions and dispersions of synthetic polymers in liquid media under flash conditions and under the action of a high-speed cutting fluid; said apparatus comprising:
(a) a pipe or channel for feeding the polymeric composition to be extruded; and (b) at least one nozzle of the convergent-divergent type inserted, with at least a portion of its divergent section in such feeding channel, the so-inserted divergent section being divided into two distinct parts by a contin-uous slit, suitable for extruding the polymeric composi-tion into such divergent section, said split being normal to the main axis of the nozzle and communicating with the feeding channel.
The feeding channel has the shape of a circular crown, a multi-plicity of nozzles of the convergent-divergent type, preferably of the DeLaval type, arranged in parallel, being inserted in said circular crown, and being positioned substantially equidistantly with respect to the axis of the circular crown.
FIBROUS MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF SYNTHETIC PAPER (Case FE.2502 ) Abstract of the Disclosure Apparatus is disclosed for preparing fibrous materials suitable for manufacturing pulps for paper, in accordance with the mehod of extruding solutions, emulsions and dispersions of synthetic polymers in liquid media under flash conditions and under the action of a high-speed cutting fluid; said apparatus comprising:
(a) a pipe or channel for feeding the polymeric composition to be extruded; and (b) at least one nozzle of the convergent-divergent type inserted, with at least a portion of its divergent section in such feeding channel, the so-inserted divergent section being divided into two distinct parts by a contin-uous slit, suitable for extruding the polymeric composi-tion into such divergent section, said split being normal to the main axis of the nozzle and communicating with the feeding channel.
The feeding channel has the shape of a circular crown, a multi-plicity of nozzles of the convergent-divergent type, preferably of the DeLaval type, arranged in parallel, being inserted in said circular crown, and being positioned substantially equidistantly with respect to the axis of the circular crown.
Description
This illVenl'.iOn re].atts to an advantayco~ls dev:ice o~ r)l~ar.l~us i:o~: pre~?ar:intl fibrous materials, and in l~ar~ ular `~
in t]-~c form of fibri.ls or ibrids of syntllet.ic polymers, suit-able Eor the m~nufacture of pulps for paper, in accordance with the Meth~d of extruding solutions, emuls.ions and dispersions of synthetic polymers in liquid media, under flash conditions and under the action o~ a high-speed cutting fluid.
Canadian Patent No. 1,062,418, issued September 18, i 1979, describes a process for prepari.ng such fibrous materials, ~ ;
which consists in extruding the polymeric compositions under flash conditions in the divergent section of a nozzle of the converqent-divergent type (preferably a De Laval nozzle), while the cutting fluid flows in said nozzle in the direction ~-of t~e main axis. In that way the polymeric composition is extruded through one or more extrusion channels arranged in the divergent zone of the nozæle.
It has now been found that apparatus in accordance with the present invention enables one to practice the above- ; ~`
mentioned process more advantageously in thak it provides for the extrusion of the polymeric composition through a continuous slit dividing the diver~ent section of the nozzle into two distinct parts, instead of through a multiplicity of extrusion ~ ~`
channels.
The apparatus of this invention includes the following parts:
(a) a pipe or channel for feeding the polymeric composition to be extruded; and ~b) at least a nozzle of the convergent-diverqent type, inserted with at least a portion of its divergent section in the feedinq channel of part ~a), the so-inserted diverqellt section beiny - divide~ into two distinct parts by a continuous slit, suitable for extrudinq the polymeric .~
.. . .
:, :: . .
compos.i ~:ion .i.nto such divergent sec~ion, such sli~ being normal to the main axis of the noz~le and comn~unicating with the feeding channel o~
part (a), Referring to the accompanying drawinqs, Figure 1 is a cross-section of a portion of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figures 2 and 2a show in cross-section a preferred cmbodiment of the present invention in which a multiplicity of nozzles of convergent-divergent type, arranged in parallel, ~re associated with a polymer composition feeding channel having the shape of a circular crown; and .
Figure 3 shows in cross-section the various parts composing the device o~ the present invention.
Figure 1 shows the nozzle plate 1, the portion 2 of the convergent-divergent nozzle which includes the convergent section and, as a part of the diver~ent section thereo~ ! the remainin~ portion 3 of the nozzle's divergent section, separated from portion 2 by the conti`nuous sl.it 8, the feeding channel of the polymeric composi~ti`on 6, the inlet zone of the polymeric composition 4, and the inlet zone 7 of the cutting .fluid into the con~ergent-divergent nozzle. Arrows A, B and C respect ively show the inflow direction of the polymeric compositio ~ the inflow direction of the cutting fluid, and the outflow ; direction of the latter. ~ .
~sing the same reference numerals as in Figu.re 1, Figure 3 shows in cross-section the parts composing the --apparatus of the present invention, separated from one another, . anc which, through appropriate conventional connections, make .up the apparatus.
Pre~erably, the convergent-divergent nozzle of the present invention has the dimensions and the structure of a De Laval nozzle. The continuous slit 8 has an openin~ between ::
~ ~r/ ~ ~ ~
_............ . ~
... . ~ ,, ;
. ~: .
- ~ . .
i3 .
0.2 ~nd 2 mm, and prcf~r~hlc bctween 0.5 and 0.9 mm.
Accordin-J to a most preferred embodiment o~ this invention, the ~eedirlcJ channel has the shape o~ a circular ~- crown in which a multiplicity of nozzles of the convergent-divergent type arranged in parallel are inserted. An embodiment of this kind is represented in Figures 2 and 2a, which respectively show a sectional view and a plan view the~eof, - and wherein the reference numerals have the same meanings as in Figure 1, and wherein the outlet zone 5 for the excess of polymeric composition in the direction of the arrow D is shown, as well as the several circumferentially arranged nozzles 10 which are spaced substantially equidistant from one another about the vertical axis of the said embodiment.
The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention, without being however a limitation thereof.
Example 1 A device including a multiplicity of nozzles of t~e De Laval type, of the kind shown in Figure 2a, was utilized.
In this particular case the distribution channel 6 had the shape of a circular crown having an outside diameter of 200 mm and an inside diameter of 110 mm, its cross-section being ; -a rectangle ~S x 40 mm. The number of De Laval nozzles existin~
in the distribution channel is 11. Each of them had a diameter c) of the critical section equal to 5.9 mm, a diameter (~ e) of the maximum terminal sectio~ equal to 8.2 mm, and a length - between critical section and terminal section (including the slit opening) of 25~1 mm. At a distance of 22.2 mm from the critical section, the divergent section of each nozzle was interrupted by the continuous extruding slit having an opening ; 30 or width of 0.6 mm.
The polymeric composition utilized consisted of a solution of high-density polyethylene (M.I. c 30) in n-hexane, ', jr/~~
_ _ ~, , .
h~v:incJ a concen~ratioll of 100 gjl, and con~ainincJ 30~ by weight of kaolin in powder calculated on the polymer. This solution Wa5 fed to the distribution channel 6 through inlct fi at a flowrate of 7 m3/h. Of these, 4 m /h were extruded through the nozzles, while 3 m /h (the excess) were recycled.
The extrusion conditions of the solution through the continuous slit, and into the divergent section of the De I.aval nozzle, were as follows:
temperature 165 C
; pressure L~ kg/cm2 gauge extrusion speed 5 m/sec.
During the extrusion of the solution, dry saturated water vapor at a pressure of 15 kg/cm2 gauge was fed to the convergent section of each De Laval nozzle. The total vapor flow-rate was 2,300 kg/h.
In this manner, fibrils having a weighed average length of 2.4 mm, an average diameter of 16 ~, and a surface area of 6 m /g were obtained.
The water vapor ~onsumption was about 5 kg per kg of fibrils.
Example 2 The same device as described in Example 1 was used, `
equipped with the same number and type of De Laval nozzles, the only difference being that the extrusion slit in each of such nozzles had an opening of 0.8 mm instead of 0.6 mm. -~
A polyethylene solution similar to the one of Example 1, containing 30% by weight of kaolin in powder, was extruded under the followiny conditions: .
temperature 155 C
pressure 13 kg/cm2 gauge ~ ~ -extrusion speed 5 m/sec.
Water vapor at a pressure of 12 kg/cm gauge and at a flowrate of 1,800 kg/h was used as the cutting fluid.
, ~ ~ jr/~ - 4 -.
: . . -:
In tlli3 way, fibrils having a weighed averaqe length of 2.~ mm, an avera~e diameter of 17 ~, a surface area of 6.5 m2/g were obtained.
The water vapor cons~mption was 4 kg/kg of Librils.
. ` . ~; .
~. ' '.
`~
_ 5 ~
jr~
,y, , ~
in t]-~c form of fibri.ls or ibrids of syntllet.ic polymers, suit-able Eor the m~nufacture of pulps for paper, in accordance with the Meth~d of extruding solutions, emuls.ions and dispersions of synthetic polymers in liquid media, under flash conditions and under the action o~ a high-speed cutting fluid.
Canadian Patent No. 1,062,418, issued September 18, i 1979, describes a process for prepari.ng such fibrous materials, ~ ;
which consists in extruding the polymeric compositions under flash conditions in the divergent section of a nozzle of the converqent-divergent type (preferably a De Laval nozzle), while the cutting fluid flows in said nozzle in the direction ~-of t~e main axis. In that way the polymeric composition is extruded through one or more extrusion channels arranged in the divergent zone of the nozæle.
It has now been found that apparatus in accordance with the present invention enables one to practice the above- ; ~`
mentioned process more advantageously in thak it provides for the extrusion of the polymeric composition through a continuous slit dividing the diver~ent section of the nozzle into two distinct parts, instead of through a multiplicity of extrusion ~ ~`
channels.
The apparatus of this invention includes the following parts:
(a) a pipe or channel for feeding the polymeric composition to be extruded; and ~b) at least a nozzle of the convergent-diverqent type, inserted with at least a portion of its divergent section in the feedinq channel of part ~a), the so-inserted diverqellt section beiny - divide~ into two distinct parts by a continuous slit, suitable for extrudinq the polymeric .~
.. . .
:, :: . .
compos.i ~:ion .i.nto such divergent sec~ion, such sli~ being normal to the main axis of the noz~le and comn~unicating with the feeding channel o~
part (a), Referring to the accompanying drawinqs, Figure 1 is a cross-section of a portion of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figures 2 and 2a show in cross-section a preferred cmbodiment of the present invention in which a multiplicity of nozzles of convergent-divergent type, arranged in parallel, ~re associated with a polymer composition feeding channel having the shape of a circular crown; and .
Figure 3 shows in cross-section the various parts composing the device o~ the present invention.
Figure 1 shows the nozzle plate 1, the portion 2 of the convergent-divergent nozzle which includes the convergent section and, as a part of the diver~ent section thereo~ ! the remainin~ portion 3 of the nozzle's divergent section, separated from portion 2 by the conti`nuous sl.it 8, the feeding channel of the polymeric composi~ti`on 6, the inlet zone of the polymeric composition 4, and the inlet zone 7 of the cutting .fluid into the con~ergent-divergent nozzle. Arrows A, B and C respect ively show the inflow direction of the polymeric compositio ~ the inflow direction of the cutting fluid, and the outflow ; direction of the latter. ~ .
~sing the same reference numerals as in Figu.re 1, Figure 3 shows in cross-section the parts composing the --apparatus of the present invention, separated from one another, . anc which, through appropriate conventional connections, make .up the apparatus.
Pre~erably, the convergent-divergent nozzle of the present invention has the dimensions and the structure of a De Laval nozzle. The continuous slit 8 has an openin~ between ::
~ ~r/ ~ ~ ~
_............ . ~
... . ~ ,, ;
. ~: .
- ~ . .
i3 .
0.2 ~nd 2 mm, and prcf~r~hlc bctween 0.5 and 0.9 mm.
Accordin-J to a most preferred embodiment o~ this invention, the ~eedirlcJ channel has the shape o~ a circular ~- crown in which a multiplicity of nozzles of the convergent-divergent type arranged in parallel are inserted. An embodiment of this kind is represented in Figures 2 and 2a, which respectively show a sectional view and a plan view the~eof, - and wherein the reference numerals have the same meanings as in Figure 1, and wherein the outlet zone 5 for the excess of polymeric composition in the direction of the arrow D is shown, as well as the several circumferentially arranged nozzles 10 which are spaced substantially equidistant from one another about the vertical axis of the said embodiment.
The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention, without being however a limitation thereof.
Example 1 A device including a multiplicity of nozzles of t~e De Laval type, of the kind shown in Figure 2a, was utilized.
In this particular case the distribution channel 6 had the shape of a circular crown having an outside diameter of 200 mm and an inside diameter of 110 mm, its cross-section being ; -a rectangle ~S x 40 mm. The number of De Laval nozzles existin~
in the distribution channel is 11. Each of them had a diameter c) of the critical section equal to 5.9 mm, a diameter (~ e) of the maximum terminal sectio~ equal to 8.2 mm, and a length - between critical section and terminal section (including the slit opening) of 25~1 mm. At a distance of 22.2 mm from the critical section, the divergent section of each nozzle was interrupted by the continuous extruding slit having an opening ; 30 or width of 0.6 mm.
The polymeric composition utilized consisted of a solution of high-density polyethylene (M.I. c 30) in n-hexane, ', jr/~~
_ _ ~, , .
h~v:incJ a concen~ratioll of 100 gjl, and con~ainincJ 30~ by weight of kaolin in powder calculated on the polymer. This solution Wa5 fed to the distribution channel 6 through inlct fi at a flowrate of 7 m3/h. Of these, 4 m /h were extruded through the nozzles, while 3 m /h (the excess) were recycled.
The extrusion conditions of the solution through the continuous slit, and into the divergent section of the De I.aval nozzle, were as follows:
temperature 165 C
; pressure L~ kg/cm2 gauge extrusion speed 5 m/sec.
During the extrusion of the solution, dry saturated water vapor at a pressure of 15 kg/cm2 gauge was fed to the convergent section of each De Laval nozzle. The total vapor flow-rate was 2,300 kg/h.
In this manner, fibrils having a weighed average length of 2.4 mm, an average diameter of 16 ~, and a surface area of 6 m /g were obtained.
The water vapor ~onsumption was about 5 kg per kg of fibrils.
Example 2 The same device as described in Example 1 was used, `
equipped with the same number and type of De Laval nozzles, the only difference being that the extrusion slit in each of such nozzles had an opening of 0.8 mm instead of 0.6 mm. -~
A polyethylene solution similar to the one of Example 1, containing 30% by weight of kaolin in powder, was extruded under the followiny conditions: .
temperature 155 C
pressure 13 kg/cm2 gauge ~ ~ -extrusion speed 5 m/sec.
Water vapor at a pressure of 12 kg/cm gauge and at a flowrate of 1,800 kg/h was used as the cutting fluid.
, ~ ~ jr/~ - 4 -.
: . . -:
In tlli3 way, fibrils having a weighed averaqe length of 2.~ mm, an avera~e diameter of 17 ~, a surface area of 6.5 m2/g were obtained.
The water vapor cons~mption was 4 kg/kg of Librils.
. ` . ~; .
~. ' '.
`~
_ 5 ~
jr~
,y, , ~
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Apparatus for preparing fibrous materials suitable for manufacturing pulps for paper, in accordance with the method of extruding solutions, emulsions and dispersions of synthetic polymers in liquid media under flash conditions and under the action of a high-speed cutting fluid; said apparatus comprising:
(a) a pipe or channel for feeding the polymeric composition to be extruded; and (b) at least one nozzle of the convergent-divergent type inserted, with at least a portion of its divergent section in such feeding channel, the so-inserted divergent section being divided into two distinct parts by a continuous slit, suitable for extruding the polymeric composition into such divergent section, said slit being normal to the main axis of the nozzle and communicating with the feeding channel.
(a) a pipe or channel for feeding the polymeric composition to be extruded; and (b) at least one nozzle of the convergent-divergent type inserted, with at least a portion of its divergent section in such feeding channel, the so-inserted divergent section being divided into two distinct parts by a continuous slit, suitable for extruding the polymeric composition into such divergent section, said slit being normal to the main axis of the nozzle and communicating with the feeding channel.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the feeding channel has the shape of a circular crown, a multi-plicity of nozzles of the convergent-divergent type, arranged in parallel, being inserted in said circular crown.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, in which the nozzles of the convergent-divergent type are nozzles of the De Laval type.
4. Apparatus according to claim 2, in which the nozzles are positioned substantially equidistantly with re-spect to the axis of the circular crown.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT28492A/77 | 1977-10-12 | ||
| IT2849277A IT1087746B (en) | 1977-10-12 | 1977-10-12 | DEVICE FOR THE PREPARATION OF FIBROUS MATERIAL SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SYNTHETIC PAPER |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1114120A true CA1114120A (en) | 1981-12-15 |
Family
ID=11223688
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA313,100A Expired CA1114120A (en) | 1977-10-12 | 1978-10-11 | Device or apparatus for preparing fibrous materials suitable for the manufacture of synthetic paper |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5459430A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4056578A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE871153A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1114120A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2844133A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES474116A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2406010A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2005592B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1087746B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7810151A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5330827A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1994-07-19 | Danaklon A/S | Reinforcing fibres and a method of producing the same |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BG35207A1 (en) * | 1981-12-18 | 1984-03-15 | Bojadzhiev | Method for effecting mass transport between three liquid |
| US5279776A (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1994-01-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for making strong discrete fibers |
| GB9223563D0 (en) * | 1992-11-10 | 1992-12-23 | Du Pont Canada | Flash spinning process for forming strong discontinuous fibres |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1030809B (en) * | 1974-11-19 | 1979-04-10 | Montedison Spa | IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF SYNTHETIC FIBERS FOR PAPER |
-
1977
- 1977-10-12 IT IT2849277A patent/IT1087746B/en active
-
1978
- 1978-10-09 NL NL7810151A patent/NL7810151A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-10-10 GB GB7839945A patent/GB2005592B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-10 AU AU40565/78A patent/AU4056578A/en active Pending
- 1978-10-10 DE DE19782844133 patent/DE2844133A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-10-11 CA CA313,100A patent/CA1114120A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-11 FR FR7828973A patent/FR2406010A1/en active Granted
- 1978-10-11 ES ES474116A patent/ES474116A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-11 JP JP12420478A patent/JPS5459430A/en active Pending
- 1978-10-11 BE BE191024A patent/BE871153A/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5330827A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1994-07-19 | Danaklon A/S | Reinforcing fibres and a method of producing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2406010B1 (en) | 1980-10-31 |
| JPS5459430A (en) | 1979-05-14 |
| IT1087746B (en) | 1985-06-04 |
| GB2005592A (en) | 1979-04-25 |
| DE2844133A1 (en) | 1979-04-19 |
| AU4056578A (en) | 1980-04-17 |
| GB2005592B (en) | 1982-03-17 |
| ES474116A1 (en) | 1979-05-16 |
| FR2406010A1 (en) | 1979-05-11 |
| BE871153A (en) | 1979-04-11 |
| NL7810151A (en) | 1979-04-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |