CA1108379A - Apparatus for cleaning gaseous fluids - Google Patents
Apparatus for cleaning gaseous fluidsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1108379A CA1108379A CA266,012A CA266012A CA1108379A CA 1108379 A CA1108379 A CA 1108379A CA 266012 A CA266012 A CA 266012A CA 1108379 A CA1108379 A CA 1108379A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- fluid
- disc
- discs
- rotary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/40—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using edge filters, i.e. using contiguous impervious surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/70—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
- F04D29/701—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure The rotor of a centrifugal ventilator or turbine carries, or has disposed about it, sheets of filtering material with a rugous surface which are possibly impre-gnated with activated MnO2 or another oxidizing agent able to absorb unwanted gases. These sheets are disposed so that a centrifugal turbulent flow of, for example, air produced by the turbine licks said surfaces which retain dust particles and possibly unwanted gases, without the air passing through the filtering surfaces.
Description
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The invention relates to apparatus -for cleaning gaseous fluids Formed by a turbine having a motor driving a rotor, and a filter placed in the flux of fluid produced by the turbine, By turbine is meant any apparatus whose rotor turning at high speed produces a centrifugation. In this description, the word turbine is synonymous with centrifugal ventilator, Conv0ntional air cleaning or purifying apparatus 10 include screens of filter paper or fabric, or baskets tcorfs) or baffles enclosing active substances in granular or liquid form and through which air is drawn or blown, Active carbon, beds of granular potassium permanganate and sawdust impregnated with manganese dioxide have all been proposed as active filtering material which retains impurities in the air by physical or chemical action. These known cleaning apparatus require means for strongly pulsing the air which are sufficient_ Iy powerful to overcome the head loss produc:ed during passage of the air through the filters. The consumption of power 20 and of costly chemical products used is high and is contrary to the efforts being made to economize power and depletable materials. Also, the noise produced by the pulsed air is a nuisance and cleaning and replacement of the filters is generally a difficult and dirty operation.
An aim of the invention is to provide an apparatus for cleaning gaseous fluids which is of simple structure, economical, easy to service, quiet in operation, has a low power consumption and which is capable of cleaning fluids chemically ancl/or by sedimentary absorption of impurities.
The yaseous_fluld cleaning apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the filter is provided in an absorbent material able to retain particles in suspension in the gaseous fluid and disposed in such a manner that the flux o~
gaseous fluid produced by the turbine licks its surfaces without passing through them, the turbine being arranged to produce 10 a flux of fluid with turbulent flow.
. In a preferred embodiment, the rotor of the turbine is provided in said absorbent material and hence pro-vides both a ventilating function and a cleaning function.
According to the nature of the cleaning or purification to be carried out, the manner o-f construction of the turbine can vary, The turbine rotor may advantageously be made of a woven or non-woven fibrous material and is constructed in such a manner that when it is rotated, it produces a 20 turbulent flow of the gaseous fluid. In pre-ferred embodiments, ~- the rotor of the filtering turbine may be made:
1. o-f a pile of discs, for example of paper, separated from one another by washers, the discs having central intake openings and being impregnated or coated with at least one chemical rea~ent capable of reacting with the gaseous fluid to be cleaned;
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The invention relates to apparatus -for cleaning gaseous fluids Formed by a turbine having a motor driving a rotor, and a filter placed in the flux of fluid produced by the turbine, By turbine is meant any apparatus whose rotor turning at high speed produces a centrifugation. In this description, the word turbine is synonymous with centrifugal ventilator, Conv0ntional air cleaning or purifying apparatus 10 include screens of filter paper or fabric, or baskets tcorfs) or baffles enclosing active substances in granular or liquid form and through which air is drawn or blown, Active carbon, beds of granular potassium permanganate and sawdust impregnated with manganese dioxide have all been proposed as active filtering material which retains impurities in the air by physical or chemical action. These known cleaning apparatus require means for strongly pulsing the air which are sufficient_ Iy powerful to overcome the head loss produc:ed during passage of the air through the filters. The consumption of power 20 and of costly chemical products used is high and is contrary to the efforts being made to economize power and depletable materials. Also, the noise produced by the pulsed air is a nuisance and cleaning and replacement of the filters is generally a difficult and dirty operation.
An aim of the invention is to provide an apparatus for cleaning gaseous fluids which is of simple structure, economical, easy to service, quiet in operation, has a low power consumption and which is capable of cleaning fluids chemically ancl/or by sedimentary absorption of impurities.
The yaseous_fluld cleaning apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the filter is provided in an absorbent material able to retain particles in suspension in the gaseous fluid and disposed in such a manner that the flux o~
gaseous fluid produced by the turbine licks its surfaces without passing through them, the turbine being arranged to produce 10 a flux of fluid with turbulent flow.
. In a preferred embodiment, the rotor of the turbine is provided in said absorbent material and hence pro-vides both a ventilating function and a cleaning function.
According to the nature of the cleaning or purification to be carried out, the manner o-f construction of the turbine can vary, The turbine rotor may advantageously be made of a woven or non-woven fibrous material and is constructed in such a manner that when it is rotated, it produces a 20 turbulent flow of the gaseous fluid. In pre-ferred embodiments, ~- the rotor of the filtering turbine may be made:
1. o-f a pile of discs, for example of paper, separated from one another by washers, the discs having central intake openings and being impregnated or coated with at least one chemical rea~ent capable of reacting with the gaseous fluid to be cleaned;
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2 of a-t leas-t one radially~-folded disc made by placing together the narrow ends of a rectangular sheet folded across its width in zig-zag configuration, and which may be impregnated or non~ !
_impregnated;
_impregnated;
3. of two discs between which are -fixed, edgewise, straight bands or l~ands folded in zig-zag or in spiral configuration, disposed generally radially between the discs, the bands and discs being impregnated or non-impregnated;
4. of at least one disc on which are fixed frusto~conica 10 tubes which are juxtaposed in general radial configuration on the disc or between the discs which is/are impregnated or non-. -impregnated, or
5 in any other form o~ known rotors of radial turbines or centri-fugal ventilators.
The turbine may have a stator, i, e I a casing which surrounds the rotor, of any known forrn~ -for example: a .i. .
simple protective grid for the rotor; a closed sheet metal casing having at least one fluid inlet on the rotor axis and . one or several peripheral ou tlets; or shaped volutes o-f 20 centrifugal ventilators and radial turbines, The motor driving the filtering rotor is fixed with the stator, As in centrifugal ventilators, the rotation of the filtering wheel produces a displacement of the gaseous fluid to be cleaned $rorn the centre o~ the turbine towards the periphery, through the wheel. By virtue of the laws of fluid mechanics, in particular whe~ the speed of flow of the fluid through the rotor is greater than the critical speed~ the laminar limiting layer phenomena trallsform into turbulent limiting layer phenomena, In turbulen t flc:)w , the speed of the -fluid at each point of the space in the rotor undergoes continuous chanyes, both in value and direction~ This random mixture of the fluid masses favourizes an ~xcellent contact with the surfaces of the rotating discs. Gases to be neutralized thus come into COntaGt with the impregnated sur~aces and are chemically transformed J Dusts, aerosols and 10 other metarials in suspension in the gaseous fluid are deposited in sedimentary layers on the walls of the rotor, To increase this phenomenon of turbulence due to the viscosity of the gaseous -fluids and to permit the fixing of particles, the surface of the constituent material of the filtering rotor should be rugous, i e. have visible asperities the dimensions of which will depend on the nature of the cleaning to be carried out.
The absorbenk material forming the turbine ( or stator) surfaces may be a fibrous, rigid or flexible, woven 20 or agglomerated material, such as a cardboard-like material, corrugated paper, sheets of porous or alveolar plastics material, or any other stuck non-woven fibres (coton; poly-`~ ester, glass, etc. ), or woven fibres.
Furthermore, the makerial with a rugous surfacemay be impregnated or coated with at least one chemical reagent capable of reacting with polluting gases or smelly 3~
particles contained in thle gaseous fluid to be cleaned, and which a~e to be removed, Such a chemical reagent will be chosen so that when the polluting gases or smelly particles come into contact with the impregnated or coated sur~aces of the rotor (or stator) J it transforms them into salts which remain fixed on the rugous sur~aces, The absorbent material may alst~ be imPregnated with a bacteriological agent, ~or example germicide solutions for killing micro-organisms contained in the fluid to be cleaned~
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chemical reagent is an oxidi~ing agent, in particular a perman-ganate and~vr activated manganese dioxide, Activated MnO2 is well known in the art; it exerts a greater and more rapid oxidising action than ordinary MnO2, and is usually formed by a care ful partial reduction of KMr.04 ~ It is believed that the activated MnO2 still contains some KMnO4, It has been found that, most surprisingly7 activated MnO2 is ~ormed quasi- :
-automatically by impregnating paper with an aqueous solution of KMnO4~ Preferably, as material of discs of the rotor, one 20 uses cellulose which is as pure as possible" It is thought that the cellulose acts as a reducing agent for trans~orming KMnO4 into activated MnO2~
The KMnO4/MnO2 system also has another advantage, Since the salts of bivalent manganese ( Mn ( II ) ) which are formed when the oxidising agent is depleted are white, this forms an indicator for the system. The decolour_ _ 6 -,t~
ation thus indicates that the active material is reaching exhaustion, and the filter is changed.
Other oxidising agents may be used for the impregnation or coating of the discs : for example salts, oxides or hydroxides of Fe ( III ), the chromates or bichromates of salts of Sn ( IV ), Pb ( IV ), C e ( III ), T i ( IV ), vanadium, etc J It is also possible to use cyano-~err ates ~ III ) and addition composites oP H 202, for example perborates, urea peroxide etc. These oxidising agents, including KMnC)4and 10 activated MnO2, may be used alone or mixed.
Use of an oxidising agent is preferred since the -~most usual impurities o* air are easily oxidisable. These impurities are, for example, H2S, SO2, solvent vapours t alcs)hols, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons, aldehydes ), amines, greases, mercaptans, and so on.
Some of these impurities when oxidised give acidia products, For example, H2S and SO2 are oxidised to SO3.
Normally, these Gxidised products are retained by the material o* the sheets, for example according to the follcwing 20 rela1;ionship:
SO3 ~ MnO ~ MnSO~I, the MnO being the product -of the reaction S2 + Mrl02 ~ SO3 -~ MnC), To further increase the retaining power of the filter, one may add to the oxidising agent with which the rotor discs are impre~nated or coated , a base such as KOH, ~-NaO~, Na2CO3 or K2CO3~ It is also possible to apply the oxidising agent to the median part of the rotor and to impregnate or coat the periphery with the base. As a variation, a cylindrical ~or non-cylindrical~ sheet is placed about the rotor and the air leaving the rotor comes to hit this sheet whic~ is impregnated with a different reagent to that of the rotor; if it is for example impregnated with a ~ase, this sheet will thus retain the acidic products o~
oxidation.
la The discs may also be impregnated with perfùmes, as may said cylindrical sheet if one is provide~. It is also possi~le, if necessary or desired, to incorporate a fireproofing agent in the treating material to avoid fire when the reaction with the impurities ~akes place violently or when the gaseous fluid is at a critical temperature.
The inyention is directed to an apparatus for cleaning gaseous fluid comprising a turbine including a rotor with a rotary disc. The disc is pleated, which moves the gaseous fluid that contacts the rotating pleated disc. This causes the rotor to perform a ventilatlng function. In addition, the pleated surface of the disc is a roughened surface having the capacity for retaining particles of gaseous fluid. Thus, as t~e gaseous fluid is moved due particularly to the pleated configuration of the surface of the disc, the gaseous fluid is also filtered by the rough surface of the pleated disc. The pleated disc is of such material that the gas and the particle impurities do not pass through the pleated disc, ~ut instead move over the surface thereof.
The accompanying drawings show, by way of example, several em~odiments of a gaseous-fluid cleaning .
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apparatus according to the invention. In the drawings:
Fig~ 1 is a cross-sectional arld elevational view of a ~irst; embodiment of gaseous~fluid cleanîng apparatus whose rotor comprises a pile of impregnated discs forming a rnulti--layer ~ilter;
Fig, 2 is a plan view of the pile Q f impregnated discs ~orming the rotor of Fig, 1;
Fig, 3 is a cross-section through a second embodimerat of gaseous~fluid cleaning apparatus, in whi~h .~ .~ ' .
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a filter is disposed concentrically about the rotor and i5 fixed to the stator;
Fig, 4 is a cross_section along line IV-IV of Fig. 3;
Fig. S is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rotor of a variation of the apparatus of Figs. 3 and 4;
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~: ~ Fig~ 6 is a cross-section of another form of rotor, along line VI-VI of Fig. 7;
Fig. 7 is a top plan view of the rotor of Fi~. 6;
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of gaseous~fluid cleaning apparatus adapted to~.
also provide a humidifying effect;
Fig. 9 is a top plan view of the cleaning_humidifying :~ apparatus of Fig. 8;
Fig. 10 is a. schematic top plan view of a fourth gasous-fluid clean ing apparatus comprising a rotor which acts i as a centrifugal filter;
Fig. 11 is a side view of the rotor of the apparatus : of Fig. 10;
Fig, 12 is a top plan view of a variation of the rotor of the embodiment of Figs . 10 and 1 1;
Fig. 13 is a side view of the rotor of Fig, 12;
Fig, 14 is a top plan view of a fifth mbodirnent of gaseous-fluid cleaning apparatus also comprising a rs:>tor which acts as fil~.er;
Fig. 15 is a cross-section along line XV-XV of 9 _ -.
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Fig , 1 4;
Fig, 16 is a partial top plan view of a variation of the rotor o~ the embodiment of Figs, 14 and 15;
Fig, 17 is a top plan view of a sixth embodiment of gaseous~fluid cleaning apparatus;
Fig. 18 i5 a side view of the apparatus o-f Fig~ 17;
Fig, 19 is a top plan view of a seventh ernbodirnent of gaseous-fiuid cleaning apparatus; and Fig, 2() is a side view o-f the apparatus shown in 10 Fig, 19.
The cleaning apparatus shown in Figs, 1 and 2 comprises a casing 1 fixed to a plate 2, the casing 1 enclosing an electric motor 3 fixed under plate 2, A shaft 4 of motor 3 ~ drives a rotor 5 disposed in a protective cover 6 which is : open at its top to direct the expelled air upwards. The rotor 5 is ~ormed by a pile o-Ç discs o F paper pierced with openings 7 and a central hole 8 which receives the motor shaft 4. The paper of the discs forming the rotor may be o-f natural or synthetic fibres and is impregnated with chemical reagents, 20 usually an aqueous solution o~ KMnO4 which is dried in air at a temperature between 20 and 50 C. The surfaces of the discs may also be corrugated or ribbed to increase the area in contact with the fluid.
Operation of the apparatus is as follows : when , ~
the motor 3 is s tarted, it turns the rotor 5 which acts as a centrifugal wheel driving the fluid towards the exterior.
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The g~seou~; fl.lid is drawn in through the openings 7 ~nd is driven by the discs of rotor 5 which are sufficierltly spaced apart to allow flow of the fluid. As the -fluid approaches the periphery of the rotor/filter, its speed increases and, as a result, the static pressure drops ( Bernoulli I s law) so that the discs tend to move together. The gaseous ~luid passing between the discs is thus made to lick their surfaces, and during this intimate contact particles of dust are removed from the fluid by adherenc~e, and polluting gases as well as 10 polluants in the aerosol state and which are capable o$
chemical transformation are captured by catalytic or chemical reacti~n with the reagents impregnated in the discs r The fluid blown by the rotor 5 is then directed upwards by the cover 6 and flows vertically upwards, whereas in the centre of the cover a depressuriz ation is produced so that ambient fluid is drawn in and sucked through the openings 7 of the rotor 5 ( see the arrows, Fig. 1 ) .
Of course, baffles or deflectors, not shown 7 can be provided on the described apparatus so that the fluid 20 delivered does not mix with the fluid which is drawn in~
- Openings, not shown, can also be provided in the cover 6 for the same purpose.
In the cleaning apparatus o~ Figs. 3 and 4, a motor 15 carries an external rotor 16, the motor 15 being fixed on a plate 17. About the rotor 16 is sec:ured an annular support - plate 18 on which are fixed a series of blades 19 arranged ., : .
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regularly spaced about the rotor 16, the upper ends of blades 19 being fixed to an annular plate 20. The blades 19 turn in an opening in a pile of ~ixed rings 21 of ;mpregnated paper.
The rotor 16, blades 19 and plates 18 and 20 turn in a volute comprising a lower chassis 22 and a removable cover 23 which enables the filter formed by the impregnated rings 21 to be fitted, The cover 23 covers the blades 19 but has a central opening over the rotor 16 and the annular space 24 situated between the rotor 16 and the blades 19, so that 10 the f~luid to be cleaned may be sucked in at centre of ~he ventilator, as indicated by arrows 25 ( Fig, 3) ~ This fluid is then b30wn out by the blades 19 through the impregnated rings 21 forming the filter, and the -forming ~luid leaves via an outlet 26 ( Fig, 4~ and may if desired be delivered out of the ambient zone.
3:n the apparatus of Figs. 3 and 4, the filter is formed by a rotor with blades about which is disposed a pile of rings of impregnated paper -fixecl to the chassis 22~ The ventilator blades turn relative to the pile of impregnated 20 sheets and force air, for example, between these sheets.
However, the impregnated annu!ar sheets could be fixed to the blades of the ventilator and turn with it~
Fig. 5 schematically shows a variation of the rotor of Figs, 3 and 4, in which a motor drives a central rotor 16 with blades 1g, as before, and sheets 28 of impregnated paper disposed about the blades. These sheets 28 are not perpendicular to the axis of rotation of t;he rotor, :~
but are regularly spaced parallel to this axis and are fixed on the periphery of the rotor The sheets 28 must have a sufficient thickness to resist bending under the action of air expelled between the sheets by the rotor, They are held, at their top and bottom ends, in the same manner as the rotor blades, i ~ e . by lower and upper rings to which they are fixed. .
- As in the embodiment of Figs~ 3 and 4, the filter-_forming sheets 28 could~ instead of turning with the rotor, 10 be fixed to the stator about the rotor blades which, as they turn, force air to pass out ~etween the sheetsO
- T ests have been carried out with a cleaning apparatus as described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
The apparatus had a rotor ~ormed of fifty discs or rings of cellulose paper steeped with KMnO4 and dried. The apparatus was firstly placed in an atmosphere strongly polluted with H2S and then, after changing the rotor/filter, in an atmosphere polluted with SO2. The results were as follows:
A ) Concentration o~ H2S before the test 32. 4 ppm concentration of H2S after the test 6. 09 ppm efficiency 81. 2 %
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B ) Test 1 Test ~_ concentration of SO2 before the test 112 ppb 284 ppb concentration o~ SO2 after the test 20 ppb 6~ ppb efficiency 82 % 76 %
( ppm = parts per million; ppb parts per billion ) O
The above-described apparatus are particularly suitable for cleaning gaseous fluids by chemical meansO The 10 described chGmical impregnation of, for example, the discs may be adapted to the types of gas to be neutralized. The rotor construction may comprise alternate discs impregnated with dif~erent che mical agents, for e:cample a metallic oxidising agent impregnating the even sheets and a base impregnating the odd sheets, The -Pilter pile may also be forrned of semi-rigid sheets of rugous or alveolar material for capturing dusts g separated by thinner flexible discs impregnated with at least one chemical reagent which reacts with the polluting gases 20 of the fluid to be cleaned.
The filtering rotor 30 shown in Figs~ 6 and 7 comprises several semi- rigid discs 32, each adjacent pair of cliscs 32 being separated by thin discs 33 of smaller diameter.
The discs ~2 are formed s)f thiclc rugous paper, for example of blotting paper, and the discs 33 are of thin crepe paper impregnated or coated with an appropriate chemical reagent~
The combination of these two materials, one thick andnaturally rugous and the other thin and impregnated with a chemical reagent, separated by spacers 34, gives this filtering rotor a maxirnum e-fficiency both for the mechaniGal ( i, e, sedimentary~ filtering and the cherrlical f;ltering, and enables a high air flow for a slow speed of rotation~
The discs 32 and 33 as well as spacers 34 are fixed on a central shaft ~5 driven by a motor, not shown, The all;ernating pile of discs 32 and 33 has p~r~orations 36 10 ~or the in take of air to be ~iltered, The speed of rotation of the multi-layer rotor of Figs. 6 and 7 is preferably chosen to provide a turbulent flow of the gaseous -fluid between the discs.
An additional neutralization of gases or odours may be obtained:
- by placing a chemically treated or perfumed ring 38 acljacent the rotor intake;
- by placing in the ~ilter one or more chemically treated or per-fumed discs, not shown; or ~0 - by placing about the filtering rotor, in the range of ejection of the cleaned fluid, a chemically treated or perfumed ring 39.
In principle~ there are no dimensional limits for the various above-described multi-layer filters.
The embodiment shown in Figs, 8 and 9 is designed to operate as a cleaning apparatus and as a humidificator of 3~
a gaseous f`luid, notably air. It comprises a casing 40 closed by a cover 41 having a oentral intake opening 42. At the upper part of ca~ing 40 adjacent cover 41 are slots 43 serving as air outlet openings. In its lower part, the casing 40 has a central recess 44 housing a motor 45 whose shaft 46 passes through the casing 40, Between the shaf-t 46 and the upper part; of recess 44 is disposed a lip-joint 47 making the casing 40 fluid-tight, the }ower part of casing 40 ( i, e, about recess 44 ~ being filled with water. On the motor sha-~t 46 is fixedly 10 mounted a support disc 48 on which is placed an interchanseable multi-layer ~ilter 49 ~ormed of a pile of porous sheets 50 separated from one another by central spacing washers 51.
l'he multi~layer filter 49 is pressed against the support disc 48 by means of a washer 53 held by a screw 52 screwed i the shaft 46. The fi!ter 49 has ~our suct;ion holes 54 disposed adjacent to and regularly spaced about the shaft 46 facing the intake opening 42.
In the path of ~he intake curren t, represented by - arrows 55 9 and facing the holes 54, are placed two suction_ 20 ~operating nozzles 56 supplied with water by tubes 57 passing under the cover 41 and extending along the lateral walls o~
casing 40 into the water in the bottom of the casing, The noæzles 56 are arranged so that when the multi-layer filter 49 rotates and draws aîr in through the opening 42 ( thîs air then flowin~ between the sheets 50 and leaving by the slots ~:
43 ), a part o~ this air passes through the nozzles 56 and 3~
sucks water through the tubes 57, -this water being vapourized on the multi_layer filter 49 which is thus uniformly humidi~ied.
If the speed of the flux of air sucked into the humidifier of Figs. 8 and 9 is too low to ensure corrcct operation of the nozzles 56, a water supply pump (not shown) could be connected to the pipes 57, or humidificat ion of the filter could be provided by vapourization o~ liquid on the filter by means of a spray.
The embodiment of F~igs. 8 and 9 may comprise an 10 overflow orifice, or a safety device, not shown, to prevent the apparatus being started if the level of water in the casing 40 should be too high, e, g, reaching the multi-layer filter.
Also, the apparatus of Figs, 8 and 9 may be connected to a hygrostat, not shown, which automatically controls operation.
- The multi-layer filter may also be treated chemically or baoteriologically to kill all living germs and neutralize odors or toxic oomponents of air. Alternatively~ the chemical or bacteriological products may be added ko the water instead of being direc tly applied to the shee ts of the multi layer 20 filter, In a preferred form, the interchangeable multi~
-layer filter of the apparatus of Figs. 8 ard 9 has a diameter of 31:)0 mm ancl a height of 50 mm, and contains 50 sheets of - newsprint paper, representing a filtering sur~ace of 5 m2O
This filtering surface~ is three to ten times greater th0n the filtering surface of comparable known humidificator - 17 _ 3 ~ ~
The apparatus is provided wikh a 60 W motor able to drive the multi-layer -filter at speeds of -from 500 to 2000 r. p. m.
With an apparatus having the mentioned technical specification, the following air-flow rates have been obtained:
- air-flow rate at 500 r p. m. : :150 m /h air-flow rate at 900 rc p. m. : 250 m3/
The water reservoir of the apparatus should contain at least 15 litres~ which allows normal operation for about 24 hours at an arnbient temperature of 20C~
As mentioned above, the sheets of the multi-layer filter are of newsprint paper, or could alternatively be crepe ~; or corrugated paper. Newsprint sheets have the required `: :
porosity and a sufficient meohanical strength to withstand rotation at speeds up to 2000 r p m. It is however evident ~;
that these newsprint sheets may be replaced by sheets o~ -other n~.aterials having a suffiGient porosity, for example blotting paper, sheets of porous plastics materials, sheets formed of compressed fibres c~overed with mineral materials, etc.
It has been observed that a multi-layer filter made ;
of sin~ple sl~eets of rugous paper adequately stops all ~`
particles in suspension in the air, notably smoke, pollen, dusts and aerosols . B acteria contained ~ the air are in general aiways carried by dust or other carriers. As dust particles are stopped by the filter, the latter has an air-purifying effect and may deliver practically sterile air.
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The sheets composing the filter may be chemically or bacteriologically treated to kill all harmful germs contained in the air. They may thus be steeped with bacteriological products or ger~rlicides, as well as perfumes of all types, Also, ~s previously mentioned, the sheets of the multi-layer filter may be chemically treated to neutralize odours or toxic gases contained in the gaseous fluid to be cleaned, The multi~layer filter of Figs, 8 and 9 provides an almost perf0ct purification of the gaseous fluids it mixes, 10 In addition to its purilFication function, the multi-layer ~ilter also carries out two ~urther functions:
~ a humidification function, which is very ef-Çicient in view of the humid surface area, For a flow of about 150 m3/h, it produces an evaportion of water between 4 and ~ dl per hour, according to the humidity of the air taken in and its temperature; and - a rotor function, which enables it to develop a - greater manometric pressure than a helicoidal wheel o-f the same diameter, and enables it to produce, for a diameter of 20 300 mm, of -Çlow of 250 m3/h for a speed of rotation oÇ
900 r, p, mO
The gaseous-fluid cleaning apparatus shown in Figs, 10 and 11 comprises a rotor 61 arran~ed to operate, without a casing, in a gaseous fluid to be cleaned, The rotor 61 is in the form of a pleated disc IFixed on a shaft 62 by means of upper and ~ower securing washers 63 and 64, Shaft - 1~
3 b 62 is driven by a rnotor, not shown, The disc 61 iS made simply from a rec-tangular band o~ thin material wikh a rugous or alveolar sur-face which is ~olded across its width and the two ends joined together edge-to-eclge, to ~orm a radially pleated ring with a central opening through which the shaft 62 passes, The securing washers 63, 64 may be simple friction washers fitted on the shaPt 62, or may be secured by screws, not shown, The disc 61 may be assembled ~o the sha~t 62, and possibly to the washers 63 and 64, by an adhesive, The apparatus of Figs, 10 and 11 is particularly suitable for cleaning air since such an apparakus with a multi--folded rotor operating in an enclosure such as a room produces a circulation of air in the enclosure with the apparatus as point of convergence, This natural suction of the ambient air through the apparatus kakes place silently, since even at slow speeds of rotation, there is a great flow of air through the apparatusO The pleated disc 61 perfectly functions as rotor and filter, The flc>w of air produced by a disc 61 of 40() mm external diameter rotating at 200 r. p, m, is of the order of 300 m3/h per face of the disc, or 600 m3Jh -for the two faces of khe pleated rotor, At this very low speed of rotation, the apparatus makes no noise, The 400 mm diamelcer disc with which the above-quoted flow measurements were carried out was made of a cellulose paper about 1 mm thi¢k, and fs~lded to provide a diso thickn~ss of 3 to 4 cm.
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~/hen -the apparatus of Figs. 10 and 11 is used to purify air containing pulluting gases (H2S or SO2 for example~, the pleated disc 61 may be impregnated or coated with an appropria-te chemical reagent, according to the polluting gas to be remo~ed, as previously described for the multi-layer ~ilters.
The disc 61 may, as previously mentioned, be impregnated with per~umes or germicides, Also, the apparatus of Fig 10 can be arranged to act as an air humidi~ier, by 10 imbibing the disc 61 with water. This can be achieved in a simple manner, for example by directing a jet o-~ water against the disc or by making the rotor shaft of a porous material and placing it in contact with water in, ~or example, a tank.
Figs. 12 and ~3 show a variation comprising three - discs 65, 66 and 67 similar to the disc 61 of Fig. 10, s~ported and spaced apart by flat circular sheets 68, 69, 70 ~; and 71 ( Fig. 13) formed of a similar material to the pleated disc:s 65 to 67. The fs~lding of discs 65 to 67 is arranged to 20 leave a central hole 72 and the sheets 68, 69 and 70 have like circular holes positioned 50 that when the rotor is rotated, air is drawn into the centre of the turbine and, as indicated by arrows 73, Fig, 13, passes through hole 72 and flows out between channels ~ormed by the pleats of the three discs 65, 66 and 67 and the sheets 68, 69, 70 and 71. The bottom sheet 71 has a srnaller central opening than the other _ 21 --.
7~
sheets, to receive the driving shaft 74 of a motor, not shown. Sheet 71 is secured to the shaft 74 by two washers 75, 76, The rotor formed by the pleated discs 65 to 67 and sheets 68 to 71 may be assembled by an adhesive, by rivetting, etc The sheet material used to make the turbine of Figs . 12 and 13 is the same as that described for the embodiment of Figs. 10 and 11~ and may be subjected to the same treatments.
The rotor of Figs. 12 and 13 may advantageously be enclosed in a casing, for example a cylindrical or volute~
.shaped casing with a central intake and radial or tangential outlet .
The embodiment shown in Figs. 1~ and 15 comprises a rotor 77 having lower and upper annular sheets 78 and 79 spaced apart by radially-directed bands 80 regularly spaced $rom one another around the circumference, The sheets 78, 79 and bands 80may, as for the components of Figs. 12 and 13, be assembled by an adhesive when they are formed s~f 20 paper or of an agglomerate of woven or non-woven fibres.
If the rotor is made o-f semi-rigid alveolar plastics material, it may for example be assembled by heat welding~ However, it will be apparent to persons skilled in the art that the rotors of all of the described embodiments can be assembled by any known means, such as stapling~ rivetting, point assernbly, sewing, et~.~
.
_ 22 -.
The assembled rotor 77 is held between two circular flanges 81 and 82 secured on a shaft 83 of a motor not shown, the two flanges having air-intake openings 84 When the rotor 77 is rotated, the gaseous fluid drawn in through the openings 84 flows out through radial channels defined by the lo~ver and upper sheets 78, 79 and bands 80, As for the preceding embodiment, the rokor 77 may be enclosed in a casing, not shown, with ~entral intake openings through which foul gaseous -fluids to be cleaned is drawn in or delivered through a pipe, and one or several lateral outlets through which the purified gaseous fluid can be delivex-ed to a given location.
In the variation of Fig. 16, the planar bands 80 of rotor 77 of the embodiment of Figs. 14 and 15 are replaced by generally radially disposed bands 80a folded in zig-zag configuration to make the fluid undergo ohanges of direction which will bring the particles in suspension, or the gas particles to be removed, into contact with the walls of the folded bands 80a, The rotor 85 shown in Figs, 17 and 18 has lower and upper annular sheets 86, 87 held between two .fianges 88, 89 fixed on a shaPt 90 of a motor, not shown. Between the sheets 86, 87 extend bands 91 in the configuration of spirals regularly spaced about, and diverging from, the flanges 88, 89 which are identical to the flanges 81, 82 of the embodiment of Figs. 14 and 15. The rotor 85 is made - 23 _ in the same ananner and wikh the same ma-terials as described with reference to Figs. 10 to 15.
In the embodimen t o-f Figs . 19 and 20, the rotor 101 also c~mprises two annular sheets 102, 103 between which are radially disposed frusto-cvnical tubes 104 of the same material as sheets 102, 103 Assembly is, as in the preceding embodiments, by an adhesive or other known means such as stapling, rivetting, sewing e tc O The thus~-forrned rotor is held between two flanges 105, 106 on a shaft 107 10 of a motor, not shown.
The bands 80, 80a of Figs. 14 to 16, bands 91 of Figs. 17, 18 and tubes 104 o~ Figs. 19, 20 may, in variations not shown, be disposed in the ~orm o-f deflector blades fixed in a single annular clisc 78 or 79, 86 or 87, 102 ~`
or 103, according to the known techniques of constructing the rotors or turbines of centrifugal ventilators.
All the described embodiments operate in the same manner, The gas flows through the rotors with a turbulent -flow. With such a turbulent flow, the particles 20 in suspension or particles of unwanted gases to be fixed, in the case where the rotor is treated wi th a chemical reagent, have the greatest possibility of being retained on the ru~ous sur~aces of the turbine. It is also clear that several rotors of any o~ $he types shown in FigsO 12 ^to 20 can be assembled to form a ~mit with sP.veral stages 3 as illustrated ~or 1;he embodirnent of Figs. 12 and 13, and the r~-tor~i can be erlclosed in a casing wit~h air intake and outlet orifices, or can be unencased~
Of course, the described filters are interchangeable and may even be cleaned for re-use, Their cost price is moderate. The material of which they consîst may be treated chemically, for example coated with activated manganese dioxide, alone or containing potassium permanganate c>r a basic substance able to retain acidic products of oxidation oP the impurities. They may alsc> be coated wi-th perfums or 10 bacteriological agents. It will be understood that the rnaterials may be coated with not one but several chemical reagents, each chosen as a function o-P the gaseous component it must retain .
, ~ A fixed cylindrical or frusto_conical body may be placed about the rotor of the apparatus to upwardly and/or ~' downwardly deviate the current of gase,ous fluid produced by the turbine. Such a body may have at least one chemical ~' reagent able to react wlth and retain the products o~
reaction of the impurities which pass out of the Pilter, or 20 may be impregnated or coated with a perfume and/or impregnated with a germicide~ It may also be imbibed with water to humidify the puri-Fied air which leaves the rotor.
Alternatively, such a body may be a cooled metal surface which dries purified air leaving the periphery of the filter unit by condensing water on the cold surface.
~, Persons slcilled in the art will realize that many 3~
types of turbines other than those shown in Figs, 1 to 20 can be used . The invention, in its broader aspects 9 iS thus not limited to the described cleaning apparatus, but in particular, according to one aspect, concerns cleaning apparatus fitted with all types o~ turbines pro~ided of a material with a rugous surface adapted to retain particl~s in suspension in a gaseous fluid driven by the turbine, which thus carries out two -~unctions, a ven tilation function and a cleaning or purifying functionO Finally, of course, all of 10 the described cleaning apparatus can ~ as described for the embodiment of Figs, 8 and 9, be transformed to also act as a humidifier.
_ ~6
The turbine may have a stator, i, e I a casing which surrounds the rotor, of any known forrn~ -for example: a .i. .
simple protective grid for the rotor; a closed sheet metal casing having at least one fluid inlet on the rotor axis and . one or several peripheral ou tlets; or shaped volutes o-f 20 centrifugal ventilators and radial turbines, The motor driving the filtering rotor is fixed with the stator, As in centrifugal ventilators, the rotation of the filtering wheel produces a displacement of the gaseous fluid to be cleaned $rorn the centre o~ the turbine towards the periphery, through the wheel. By virtue of the laws of fluid mechanics, in particular whe~ the speed of flow of the fluid through the rotor is greater than the critical speed~ the laminar limiting layer phenomena trallsform into turbulent limiting layer phenomena, In turbulen t flc:)w , the speed of the -fluid at each point of the space in the rotor undergoes continuous chanyes, both in value and direction~ This random mixture of the fluid masses favourizes an ~xcellent contact with the surfaces of the rotating discs. Gases to be neutralized thus come into COntaGt with the impregnated sur~aces and are chemically transformed J Dusts, aerosols and 10 other metarials in suspension in the gaseous fluid are deposited in sedimentary layers on the walls of the rotor, To increase this phenomenon of turbulence due to the viscosity of the gaseous -fluids and to permit the fixing of particles, the surface of the constituent material of the filtering rotor should be rugous, i e. have visible asperities the dimensions of which will depend on the nature of the cleaning to be carried out.
The absorbenk material forming the turbine ( or stator) surfaces may be a fibrous, rigid or flexible, woven 20 or agglomerated material, such as a cardboard-like material, corrugated paper, sheets of porous or alveolar plastics material, or any other stuck non-woven fibres (coton; poly-`~ ester, glass, etc. ), or woven fibres.
Furthermore, the makerial with a rugous surfacemay be impregnated or coated with at least one chemical reagent capable of reacting with polluting gases or smelly 3~
particles contained in thle gaseous fluid to be cleaned, and which a~e to be removed, Such a chemical reagent will be chosen so that when the polluting gases or smelly particles come into contact with the impregnated or coated sur~aces of the rotor (or stator) J it transforms them into salts which remain fixed on the rugous sur~aces, The absorbent material may alst~ be imPregnated with a bacteriological agent, ~or example germicide solutions for killing micro-organisms contained in the fluid to be cleaned~
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chemical reagent is an oxidi~ing agent, in particular a perman-ganate and~vr activated manganese dioxide, Activated MnO2 is well known in the art; it exerts a greater and more rapid oxidising action than ordinary MnO2, and is usually formed by a care ful partial reduction of KMr.04 ~ It is believed that the activated MnO2 still contains some KMnO4, It has been found that, most surprisingly7 activated MnO2 is ~ormed quasi- :
-automatically by impregnating paper with an aqueous solution of KMnO4~ Preferably, as material of discs of the rotor, one 20 uses cellulose which is as pure as possible" It is thought that the cellulose acts as a reducing agent for trans~orming KMnO4 into activated MnO2~
The KMnO4/MnO2 system also has another advantage, Since the salts of bivalent manganese ( Mn ( II ) ) which are formed when the oxidising agent is depleted are white, this forms an indicator for the system. The decolour_ _ 6 -,t~
ation thus indicates that the active material is reaching exhaustion, and the filter is changed.
Other oxidising agents may be used for the impregnation or coating of the discs : for example salts, oxides or hydroxides of Fe ( III ), the chromates or bichromates of salts of Sn ( IV ), Pb ( IV ), C e ( III ), T i ( IV ), vanadium, etc J It is also possible to use cyano-~err ates ~ III ) and addition composites oP H 202, for example perborates, urea peroxide etc. These oxidising agents, including KMnC)4and 10 activated MnO2, may be used alone or mixed.
Use of an oxidising agent is preferred since the -~most usual impurities o* air are easily oxidisable. These impurities are, for example, H2S, SO2, solvent vapours t alcs)hols, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons, aldehydes ), amines, greases, mercaptans, and so on.
Some of these impurities when oxidised give acidia products, For example, H2S and SO2 are oxidised to SO3.
Normally, these Gxidised products are retained by the material o* the sheets, for example according to the follcwing 20 rela1;ionship:
SO3 ~ MnO ~ MnSO~I, the MnO being the product -of the reaction S2 + Mrl02 ~ SO3 -~ MnC), To further increase the retaining power of the filter, one may add to the oxidising agent with which the rotor discs are impre~nated or coated , a base such as KOH, ~-NaO~, Na2CO3 or K2CO3~ It is also possible to apply the oxidising agent to the median part of the rotor and to impregnate or coat the periphery with the base. As a variation, a cylindrical ~or non-cylindrical~ sheet is placed about the rotor and the air leaving the rotor comes to hit this sheet whic~ is impregnated with a different reagent to that of the rotor; if it is for example impregnated with a ~ase, this sheet will thus retain the acidic products o~
oxidation.
la The discs may also be impregnated with perfùmes, as may said cylindrical sheet if one is provide~. It is also possi~le, if necessary or desired, to incorporate a fireproofing agent in the treating material to avoid fire when the reaction with the impurities ~akes place violently or when the gaseous fluid is at a critical temperature.
The inyention is directed to an apparatus for cleaning gaseous fluid comprising a turbine including a rotor with a rotary disc. The disc is pleated, which moves the gaseous fluid that contacts the rotating pleated disc. This causes the rotor to perform a ventilatlng function. In addition, the pleated surface of the disc is a roughened surface having the capacity for retaining particles of gaseous fluid. Thus, as t~e gaseous fluid is moved due particularly to the pleated configuration of the surface of the disc, the gaseous fluid is also filtered by the rough surface of the pleated disc. The pleated disc is of such material that the gas and the particle impurities do not pass through the pleated disc, ~ut instead move over the surface thereof.
The accompanying drawings show, by way of example, several em~odiments of a gaseous-fluid cleaning .
~ - 8 -3~
apparatus according to the invention. In the drawings:
Fig~ 1 is a cross-sectional arld elevational view of a ~irst; embodiment of gaseous~fluid cleanîng apparatus whose rotor comprises a pile of impregnated discs forming a rnulti--layer ~ilter;
Fig, 2 is a plan view of the pile Q f impregnated discs ~orming the rotor of Fig, 1;
Fig, 3 is a cross-section through a second embodimerat of gaseous~fluid cleaning apparatus, in whi~h .~ .~ ' .
~: ' - 8a - :
33~
a filter is disposed concentrically about the rotor and i5 fixed to the stator;
Fig, 4 is a cross_section along line IV-IV of Fig. 3;
Fig. S is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rotor of a variation of the apparatus of Figs. 3 and 4;
, .
~: ~ Fig~ 6 is a cross-section of another form of rotor, along line VI-VI of Fig. 7;
Fig. 7 is a top plan view of the rotor of Fi~. 6;
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of gaseous~fluid cleaning apparatus adapted to~.
also provide a humidifying effect;
Fig. 9 is a top plan view of the cleaning_humidifying :~ apparatus of Fig. 8;
Fig. 10 is a. schematic top plan view of a fourth gasous-fluid clean ing apparatus comprising a rotor which acts i as a centrifugal filter;
Fig. 11 is a side view of the rotor of the apparatus : of Fig. 10;
Fig, 12 is a top plan view of a variation of the rotor of the embodiment of Figs . 10 and 1 1;
Fig. 13 is a side view of the rotor of Fig, 12;
Fig, 14 is a top plan view of a fifth mbodirnent of gaseous-fluid cleaning apparatus also comprising a rs:>tor which acts as fil~.er;
Fig. 15 is a cross-section along line XV-XV of 9 _ -.
! ~J ~3:
Fig , 1 4;
Fig, 16 is a partial top plan view of a variation of the rotor o~ the embodiment of Figs, 14 and 15;
Fig, 17 is a top plan view of a sixth embodiment of gaseous~fluid cleaning apparatus;
Fig. 18 i5 a side view of the apparatus o-f Fig~ 17;
Fig, 19 is a top plan view of a seventh ernbodirnent of gaseous-fiuid cleaning apparatus; and Fig, 2() is a side view o-f the apparatus shown in 10 Fig, 19.
The cleaning apparatus shown in Figs, 1 and 2 comprises a casing 1 fixed to a plate 2, the casing 1 enclosing an electric motor 3 fixed under plate 2, A shaft 4 of motor 3 ~ drives a rotor 5 disposed in a protective cover 6 which is : open at its top to direct the expelled air upwards. The rotor 5 is ~ormed by a pile o-Ç discs o F paper pierced with openings 7 and a central hole 8 which receives the motor shaft 4. The paper of the discs forming the rotor may be o-f natural or synthetic fibres and is impregnated with chemical reagents, 20 usually an aqueous solution o~ KMnO4 which is dried in air at a temperature between 20 and 50 C. The surfaces of the discs may also be corrugated or ribbed to increase the area in contact with the fluid.
Operation of the apparatus is as follows : when , ~
the motor 3 is s tarted, it turns the rotor 5 which acts as a centrifugal wheel driving the fluid towards the exterior.
1 0 - ;
The g~seou~; fl.lid is drawn in through the openings 7 ~nd is driven by the discs of rotor 5 which are sufficierltly spaced apart to allow flow of the fluid. As the -fluid approaches the periphery of the rotor/filter, its speed increases and, as a result, the static pressure drops ( Bernoulli I s law) so that the discs tend to move together. The gaseous ~luid passing between the discs is thus made to lick their surfaces, and during this intimate contact particles of dust are removed from the fluid by adherenc~e, and polluting gases as well as 10 polluants in the aerosol state and which are capable o$
chemical transformation are captured by catalytic or chemical reacti~n with the reagents impregnated in the discs r The fluid blown by the rotor 5 is then directed upwards by the cover 6 and flows vertically upwards, whereas in the centre of the cover a depressuriz ation is produced so that ambient fluid is drawn in and sucked through the openings 7 of the rotor 5 ( see the arrows, Fig. 1 ) .
Of course, baffles or deflectors, not shown 7 can be provided on the described apparatus so that the fluid 20 delivered does not mix with the fluid which is drawn in~
- Openings, not shown, can also be provided in the cover 6 for the same purpose.
In the cleaning apparatus o~ Figs. 3 and 4, a motor 15 carries an external rotor 16, the motor 15 being fixed on a plate 17. About the rotor 16 is sec:ured an annular support - plate 18 on which are fixed a series of blades 19 arranged ., : .
3 ~ ~
regularly spaced about the rotor 16, the upper ends of blades 19 being fixed to an annular plate 20. The blades 19 turn in an opening in a pile of ~ixed rings 21 of ;mpregnated paper.
The rotor 16, blades 19 and plates 18 and 20 turn in a volute comprising a lower chassis 22 and a removable cover 23 which enables the filter formed by the impregnated rings 21 to be fitted, The cover 23 covers the blades 19 but has a central opening over the rotor 16 and the annular space 24 situated between the rotor 16 and the blades 19, so that 10 the f~luid to be cleaned may be sucked in at centre of ~he ventilator, as indicated by arrows 25 ( Fig, 3) ~ This fluid is then b30wn out by the blades 19 through the impregnated rings 21 forming the filter, and the -forming ~luid leaves via an outlet 26 ( Fig, 4~ and may if desired be delivered out of the ambient zone.
3:n the apparatus of Figs. 3 and 4, the filter is formed by a rotor with blades about which is disposed a pile of rings of impregnated paper -fixecl to the chassis 22~ The ventilator blades turn relative to the pile of impregnated 20 sheets and force air, for example, between these sheets.
However, the impregnated annu!ar sheets could be fixed to the blades of the ventilator and turn with it~
Fig. 5 schematically shows a variation of the rotor of Figs, 3 and 4, in which a motor drives a central rotor 16 with blades 1g, as before, and sheets 28 of impregnated paper disposed about the blades. These sheets 28 are not perpendicular to the axis of rotation of t;he rotor, :~
but are regularly spaced parallel to this axis and are fixed on the periphery of the rotor The sheets 28 must have a sufficient thickness to resist bending under the action of air expelled between the sheets by the rotor, They are held, at their top and bottom ends, in the same manner as the rotor blades, i ~ e . by lower and upper rings to which they are fixed. .
- As in the embodiment of Figs~ 3 and 4, the filter-_forming sheets 28 could~ instead of turning with the rotor, 10 be fixed to the stator about the rotor blades which, as they turn, force air to pass out ~etween the sheetsO
- T ests have been carried out with a cleaning apparatus as described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
The apparatus had a rotor ~ormed of fifty discs or rings of cellulose paper steeped with KMnO4 and dried. The apparatus was firstly placed in an atmosphere strongly polluted with H2S and then, after changing the rotor/filter, in an atmosphere polluted with SO2. The results were as follows:
A ) Concentration o~ H2S before the test 32. 4 ppm concentration of H2S after the test 6. 09 ppm efficiency 81. 2 %
_ 13 --~ , :
3t~
B ) Test 1 Test ~_ concentration of SO2 before the test 112 ppb 284 ppb concentration o~ SO2 after the test 20 ppb 6~ ppb efficiency 82 % 76 %
( ppm = parts per million; ppb parts per billion ) O
The above-described apparatus are particularly suitable for cleaning gaseous fluids by chemical meansO The 10 described chGmical impregnation of, for example, the discs may be adapted to the types of gas to be neutralized. The rotor construction may comprise alternate discs impregnated with dif~erent che mical agents, for e:cample a metallic oxidising agent impregnating the even sheets and a base impregnating the odd sheets, The -Pilter pile may also be forrned of semi-rigid sheets of rugous or alveolar material for capturing dusts g separated by thinner flexible discs impregnated with at least one chemical reagent which reacts with the polluting gases 20 of the fluid to be cleaned.
The filtering rotor 30 shown in Figs~ 6 and 7 comprises several semi- rigid discs 32, each adjacent pair of cliscs 32 being separated by thin discs 33 of smaller diameter.
The discs ~2 are formed s)f thiclc rugous paper, for example of blotting paper, and the discs 33 are of thin crepe paper impregnated or coated with an appropriate chemical reagent~
The combination of these two materials, one thick andnaturally rugous and the other thin and impregnated with a chemical reagent, separated by spacers 34, gives this filtering rotor a maxirnum e-fficiency both for the mechaniGal ( i, e, sedimentary~ filtering and the cherrlical f;ltering, and enables a high air flow for a slow speed of rotation~
The discs 32 and 33 as well as spacers 34 are fixed on a central shaft ~5 driven by a motor, not shown, The all;ernating pile of discs 32 and 33 has p~r~orations 36 10 ~or the in take of air to be ~iltered, The speed of rotation of the multi-layer rotor of Figs. 6 and 7 is preferably chosen to provide a turbulent flow of the gaseous -fluid between the discs.
An additional neutralization of gases or odours may be obtained:
- by placing a chemically treated or perfumed ring 38 acljacent the rotor intake;
- by placing in the ~ilter one or more chemically treated or per-fumed discs, not shown; or ~0 - by placing about the filtering rotor, in the range of ejection of the cleaned fluid, a chemically treated or perfumed ring 39.
In principle~ there are no dimensional limits for the various above-described multi-layer filters.
The embodiment shown in Figs, 8 and 9 is designed to operate as a cleaning apparatus and as a humidificator of 3~
a gaseous f`luid, notably air. It comprises a casing 40 closed by a cover 41 having a oentral intake opening 42. At the upper part of ca~ing 40 adjacent cover 41 are slots 43 serving as air outlet openings. In its lower part, the casing 40 has a central recess 44 housing a motor 45 whose shaft 46 passes through the casing 40, Between the shaf-t 46 and the upper part; of recess 44 is disposed a lip-joint 47 making the casing 40 fluid-tight, the }ower part of casing 40 ( i, e, about recess 44 ~ being filled with water. On the motor sha-~t 46 is fixedly 10 mounted a support disc 48 on which is placed an interchanseable multi-layer ~ilter 49 ~ormed of a pile of porous sheets 50 separated from one another by central spacing washers 51.
l'he multi~layer filter 49 is pressed against the support disc 48 by means of a washer 53 held by a screw 52 screwed i the shaft 46. The fi!ter 49 has ~our suct;ion holes 54 disposed adjacent to and regularly spaced about the shaft 46 facing the intake opening 42.
In the path of ~he intake curren t, represented by - arrows 55 9 and facing the holes 54, are placed two suction_ 20 ~operating nozzles 56 supplied with water by tubes 57 passing under the cover 41 and extending along the lateral walls o~
casing 40 into the water in the bottom of the casing, The noæzles 56 are arranged so that when the multi-layer filter 49 rotates and draws aîr in through the opening 42 ( thîs air then flowin~ between the sheets 50 and leaving by the slots ~:
43 ), a part o~ this air passes through the nozzles 56 and 3~
sucks water through the tubes 57, -this water being vapourized on the multi_layer filter 49 which is thus uniformly humidi~ied.
If the speed of the flux of air sucked into the humidifier of Figs. 8 and 9 is too low to ensure corrcct operation of the nozzles 56, a water supply pump (not shown) could be connected to the pipes 57, or humidificat ion of the filter could be provided by vapourization o~ liquid on the filter by means of a spray.
The embodiment of F~igs. 8 and 9 may comprise an 10 overflow orifice, or a safety device, not shown, to prevent the apparatus being started if the level of water in the casing 40 should be too high, e, g, reaching the multi-layer filter.
Also, the apparatus of Figs, 8 and 9 may be connected to a hygrostat, not shown, which automatically controls operation.
- The multi-layer filter may also be treated chemically or baoteriologically to kill all living germs and neutralize odors or toxic oomponents of air. Alternatively~ the chemical or bacteriological products may be added ko the water instead of being direc tly applied to the shee ts of the multi layer 20 filter, In a preferred form, the interchangeable multi~
-layer filter of the apparatus of Figs. 8 ard 9 has a diameter of 31:)0 mm ancl a height of 50 mm, and contains 50 sheets of - newsprint paper, representing a filtering sur~ace of 5 m2O
This filtering surface~ is three to ten times greater th0n the filtering surface of comparable known humidificator - 17 _ 3 ~ ~
The apparatus is provided wikh a 60 W motor able to drive the multi-layer -filter at speeds of -from 500 to 2000 r. p. m.
With an apparatus having the mentioned technical specification, the following air-flow rates have been obtained:
- air-flow rate at 500 r p. m. : :150 m /h air-flow rate at 900 rc p. m. : 250 m3/
The water reservoir of the apparatus should contain at least 15 litres~ which allows normal operation for about 24 hours at an arnbient temperature of 20C~
As mentioned above, the sheets of the multi-layer filter are of newsprint paper, or could alternatively be crepe ~; or corrugated paper. Newsprint sheets have the required `: :
porosity and a sufficient meohanical strength to withstand rotation at speeds up to 2000 r p m. It is however evident ~;
that these newsprint sheets may be replaced by sheets o~ -other n~.aterials having a suffiGient porosity, for example blotting paper, sheets of porous plastics materials, sheets formed of compressed fibres c~overed with mineral materials, etc.
It has been observed that a multi-layer filter made ;
of sin~ple sl~eets of rugous paper adequately stops all ~`
particles in suspension in the air, notably smoke, pollen, dusts and aerosols . B acteria contained ~ the air are in general aiways carried by dust or other carriers. As dust particles are stopped by the filter, the latter has an air-purifying effect and may deliver practically sterile air.
~ .
3~J'~
The sheets composing the filter may be chemically or bacteriologically treated to kill all harmful germs contained in the air. They may thus be steeped with bacteriological products or ger~rlicides, as well as perfumes of all types, Also, ~s previously mentioned, the sheets of the multi-layer filter may be chemically treated to neutralize odours or toxic gases contained in the gaseous fluid to be cleaned, The multi~layer filter of Figs, 8 and 9 provides an almost perf0ct purification of the gaseous fluids it mixes, 10 In addition to its purilFication function, the multi-layer ~ilter also carries out two ~urther functions:
~ a humidification function, which is very ef-Çicient in view of the humid surface area, For a flow of about 150 m3/h, it produces an evaportion of water between 4 and ~ dl per hour, according to the humidity of the air taken in and its temperature; and - a rotor function, which enables it to develop a - greater manometric pressure than a helicoidal wheel o-f the same diameter, and enables it to produce, for a diameter of 20 300 mm, of -Çlow of 250 m3/h for a speed of rotation oÇ
900 r, p, mO
The gaseous-fluid cleaning apparatus shown in Figs, 10 and 11 comprises a rotor 61 arran~ed to operate, without a casing, in a gaseous fluid to be cleaned, The rotor 61 is in the form of a pleated disc IFixed on a shaft 62 by means of upper and ~ower securing washers 63 and 64, Shaft - 1~
3 b 62 is driven by a rnotor, not shown, The disc 61 iS made simply from a rec-tangular band o~ thin material wikh a rugous or alveolar sur-face which is ~olded across its width and the two ends joined together edge-to-eclge, to ~orm a radially pleated ring with a central opening through which the shaft 62 passes, The securing washers 63, 64 may be simple friction washers fitted on the shaPt 62, or may be secured by screws, not shown, The disc 61 may be assembled ~o the sha~t 62, and possibly to the washers 63 and 64, by an adhesive, The apparatus of Figs, 10 and 11 is particularly suitable for cleaning air since such an apparakus with a multi--folded rotor operating in an enclosure such as a room produces a circulation of air in the enclosure with the apparatus as point of convergence, This natural suction of the ambient air through the apparatus kakes place silently, since even at slow speeds of rotation, there is a great flow of air through the apparatusO The pleated disc 61 perfectly functions as rotor and filter, The flc>w of air produced by a disc 61 of 40() mm external diameter rotating at 200 r. p, m, is of the order of 300 m3/h per face of the disc, or 600 m3Jh -for the two faces of khe pleated rotor, At this very low speed of rotation, the apparatus makes no noise, The 400 mm diamelcer disc with which the above-quoted flow measurements were carried out was made of a cellulose paper about 1 mm thi¢k, and fs~lded to provide a diso thickn~ss of 3 to 4 cm.
`~ ~'&~
~/hen -the apparatus of Figs. 10 and 11 is used to purify air containing pulluting gases (H2S or SO2 for example~, the pleated disc 61 may be impregnated or coated with an appropria-te chemical reagent, according to the polluting gas to be remo~ed, as previously described for the multi-layer ~ilters.
The disc 61 may, as previously mentioned, be impregnated with per~umes or germicides, Also, the apparatus of Fig 10 can be arranged to act as an air humidi~ier, by 10 imbibing the disc 61 with water. This can be achieved in a simple manner, for example by directing a jet o-~ water against the disc or by making the rotor shaft of a porous material and placing it in contact with water in, ~or example, a tank.
Figs. 12 and ~3 show a variation comprising three - discs 65, 66 and 67 similar to the disc 61 of Fig. 10, s~ported and spaced apart by flat circular sheets 68, 69, 70 ~; and 71 ( Fig. 13) formed of a similar material to the pleated disc:s 65 to 67. The fs~lding of discs 65 to 67 is arranged to 20 leave a central hole 72 and the sheets 68, 69 and 70 have like circular holes positioned 50 that when the rotor is rotated, air is drawn into the centre of the turbine and, as indicated by arrows 73, Fig, 13, passes through hole 72 and flows out between channels ~ormed by the pleats of the three discs 65, 66 and 67 and the sheets 68, 69, 70 and 71. The bottom sheet 71 has a srnaller central opening than the other _ 21 --.
7~
sheets, to receive the driving shaft 74 of a motor, not shown. Sheet 71 is secured to the shaft 74 by two washers 75, 76, The rotor formed by the pleated discs 65 to 67 and sheets 68 to 71 may be assembled by an adhesive, by rivetting, etc The sheet material used to make the turbine of Figs . 12 and 13 is the same as that described for the embodiment of Figs. 10 and 11~ and may be subjected to the same treatments.
The rotor of Figs. 12 and 13 may advantageously be enclosed in a casing, for example a cylindrical or volute~
.shaped casing with a central intake and radial or tangential outlet .
The embodiment shown in Figs. 1~ and 15 comprises a rotor 77 having lower and upper annular sheets 78 and 79 spaced apart by radially-directed bands 80 regularly spaced $rom one another around the circumference, The sheets 78, 79 and bands 80may, as for the components of Figs. 12 and 13, be assembled by an adhesive when they are formed s~f 20 paper or of an agglomerate of woven or non-woven fibres.
If the rotor is made o-f semi-rigid alveolar plastics material, it may for example be assembled by heat welding~ However, it will be apparent to persons skilled in the art that the rotors of all of the described embodiments can be assembled by any known means, such as stapling~ rivetting, point assernbly, sewing, et~.~
.
_ 22 -.
The assembled rotor 77 is held between two circular flanges 81 and 82 secured on a shaft 83 of a motor not shown, the two flanges having air-intake openings 84 When the rotor 77 is rotated, the gaseous fluid drawn in through the openings 84 flows out through radial channels defined by the lo~ver and upper sheets 78, 79 and bands 80, As for the preceding embodiment, the rokor 77 may be enclosed in a casing, not shown, with ~entral intake openings through which foul gaseous -fluids to be cleaned is drawn in or delivered through a pipe, and one or several lateral outlets through which the purified gaseous fluid can be delivex-ed to a given location.
In the variation of Fig. 16, the planar bands 80 of rotor 77 of the embodiment of Figs. 14 and 15 are replaced by generally radially disposed bands 80a folded in zig-zag configuration to make the fluid undergo ohanges of direction which will bring the particles in suspension, or the gas particles to be removed, into contact with the walls of the folded bands 80a, The rotor 85 shown in Figs, 17 and 18 has lower and upper annular sheets 86, 87 held between two .fianges 88, 89 fixed on a shaPt 90 of a motor, not shown. Between the sheets 86, 87 extend bands 91 in the configuration of spirals regularly spaced about, and diverging from, the flanges 88, 89 which are identical to the flanges 81, 82 of the embodiment of Figs. 14 and 15. The rotor 85 is made - 23 _ in the same ananner and wikh the same ma-terials as described with reference to Figs. 10 to 15.
In the embodimen t o-f Figs . 19 and 20, the rotor 101 also c~mprises two annular sheets 102, 103 between which are radially disposed frusto-cvnical tubes 104 of the same material as sheets 102, 103 Assembly is, as in the preceding embodiments, by an adhesive or other known means such as stapling, rivetting, sewing e tc O The thus~-forrned rotor is held between two flanges 105, 106 on a shaft 107 10 of a motor, not shown.
The bands 80, 80a of Figs. 14 to 16, bands 91 of Figs. 17, 18 and tubes 104 o~ Figs. 19, 20 may, in variations not shown, be disposed in the ~orm o-f deflector blades fixed in a single annular clisc 78 or 79, 86 or 87, 102 ~`
or 103, according to the known techniques of constructing the rotors or turbines of centrifugal ventilators.
All the described embodiments operate in the same manner, The gas flows through the rotors with a turbulent -flow. With such a turbulent flow, the particles 20 in suspension or particles of unwanted gases to be fixed, in the case where the rotor is treated wi th a chemical reagent, have the greatest possibility of being retained on the ru~ous sur~aces of the turbine. It is also clear that several rotors of any o~ $he types shown in FigsO 12 ^to 20 can be assembled to form a ~mit with sP.veral stages 3 as illustrated ~or 1;he embodirnent of Figs. 12 and 13, and the r~-tor~i can be erlclosed in a casing wit~h air intake and outlet orifices, or can be unencased~
Of course, the described filters are interchangeable and may even be cleaned for re-use, Their cost price is moderate. The material of which they consîst may be treated chemically, for example coated with activated manganese dioxide, alone or containing potassium permanganate c>r a basic substance able to retain acidic products of oxidation oP the impurities. They may alsc> be coated wi-th perfums or 10 bacteriological agents. It will be understood that the rnaterials may be coated with not one but several chemical reagents, each chosen as a function o-P the gaseous component it must retain .
, ~ A fixed cylindrical or frusto_conical body may be placed about the rotor of the apparatus to upwardly and/or ~' downwardly deviate the current of gase,ous fluid produced by the turbine. Such a body may have at least one chemical ~' reagent able to react wlth and retain the products o~
reaction of the impurities which pass out of the Pilter, or 20 may be impregnated or coated with a perfume and/or impregnated with a germicide~ It may also be imbibed with water to humidify the puri-Fied air which leaves the rotor.
Alternatively, such a body may be a cooled metal surface which dries purified air leaving the periphery of the filter unit by condensing water on the cold surface.
~, Persons slcilled in the art will realize that many 3~
types of turbines other than those shown in Figs, 1 to 20 can be used . The invention, in its broader aspects 9 iS thus not limited to the described cleaning apparatus, but in particular, according to one aspect, concerns cleaning apparatus fitted with all types o~ turbines pro~ided of a material with a rugous surface adapted to retain particl~s in suspension in a gaseous fluid driven by the turbine, which thus carries out two -~unctions, a ven tilation function and a cleaning or purifying functionO Finally, of course, all of 10 the described cleaning apparatus can ~ as described for the embodiment of Figs, 8 and 9, be transformed to also act as a humidifier.
_ ~6
Claims (26)
1. An apparatus for cleaning gaseous fluids, comprising a turbine, the turbine including a motor and a rotor drivingly connected with the motor to be rotated thereby, the rotor comprising at least one rotary disc having a pleated shape able to produce a turbulent flow of fluid along the surfaces thereof when the rotor is rotated, said surfaces further being rough surfaces able to retain particulate impurities carried in the fluid which travels along the surfaces without passing through the surfaces, whereby the rotor cleans the fluid in addition to circulating it.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotor comprises a shaft, a stack of at least two rotary discs mounted on the shaft, the stack of discs having adjacent to its centre at least one fluid intake opening and at least an annular plane disc placed between each two adjacent said rotary discs, the annular plane disc being of the same material as the rotary discs.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one rotary disc is provided of absorbent material.
4. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotary discs and the annular plane disc are provided of absorbent material.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pleat creases of the at least one rotary disc extend generally outward in radial configuration.
6. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pleat creases of the rotary discs extend generally outward in radial configuration.
7. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pleat creases of the at least one rotary disc extend generally outward in spiral configuration.
8. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pleat creases of the rotary discs extend generally outward in spiral configuration.
9. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotor comprises frusto-conical tubes regularly disposed in radial configuration on at least one annular plane disc.
10. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotary discs are of a fibrous woven or non-woven material.
11. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotary discs are of sheets of semi-rigid cellulose paper having a rugous surface.
12. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotary discs are of an alveolar plastics material.
13. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one rotary disc is imbibed with a chemical reagent able to fix particles of a non-desirable gaseous component of the fluid to be cleaned.
14. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotary discs and the annular plane disc are imbibed with a chemical reagent able to fix particles of a non-desirable gaseous component of the fluid to he cleaned.
15. Apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the chemical reagent is activated manganese dioxide.
16. Apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the chemical reagent is activated manganese dioxide.
17. Apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the chemical reagent is a basic substance able to fix acidic products of oxidation of impurities contained in the fluid to be cleaned.
18. Apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the chemical reagent is a basic substance able to fix acidic products of oxidation of impurities contained in the fluid to be cleaned.
19. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one rotary disc is imbibed with a germicide.
20. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotary discs and the annular plane disc are imbibed with a germicide.
21. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one rotary disc is imbibed with a perfume.
22. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotary discs and the annular plane disc are imbibed with a perfume.
23. Apparatus according to claim 2, comprising means for imbibing the turbine of absorbent material with water whereby the cleaning apparatus operates as a humidifier.
24. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotor is surrounded by a fixed generally cylindrical body diverting the gaseous fluid leaving the rotor.
25. Apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the cylindrical body is provided of porous material.
26. Apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the cylindrical body is provided of porous material and wherein the porous material is imbibed with a chemical reagent able to fix non-desirable gaseous components of the fluid to be cleaned.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH15239/75 | 1975-11-25 | ||
| CH1523975A CH597866A5 (en) | 1975-11-25 | 1975-11-25 | |
| CH5888/76 | 1976-05-11 | ||
| CH588876A CH606927A5 (en) | 1976-05-11 | 1976-05-11 | Appts. for purifying gas streams |
| CH8825/76 | 1976-07-09 | ||
| CH882576 | 1976-07-09 | ||
| CH1188876A CH609880A5 (en) | 1976-09-20 | 1976-09-20 | Gaseous fluid purifier |
| CH11888/76 | 1976-09-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1108379A true CA1108379A (en) | 1981-09-08 |
Family
ID=27428951
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA266,012A Expired CA1108379A (en) | 1975-11-25 | 1976-11-18 | Apparatus for cleaning gaseous fluids |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6013728B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT372296B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1108379A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2652297A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2332790A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1571514A (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH619622A5 (en) * | 1978-01-20 | 1980-10-15 | Pierre De Castella | |
| GB8423045D0 (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1984-10-17 | Ici Plc | Gas-moving device |
| CH685103A5 (en) * | 1988-02-02 | 1995-03-31 | Jura Elektroapparate Fab | The air cleaning apparatus. |
| EP0481021A1 (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1992-04-22 | DE CASTELLA, Pierre | Air purifier |
| DE4020427A1 (en) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-01-02 | Hasso Von Bluecher | Adsorbent impregnated fabric filter - with low flow resistance, suitable for compact air conditioner units |
| WO1992009355A1 (en) * | 1990-11-27 | 1992-06-11 | Toto Ltd. | Method of treating air with discs in multilayer structure |
| JPH08219479A (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-08-30 | Komatsu Ltd | Blower |
| EP2702276A1 (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2014-03-05 | Dexwet USA, LLC | Fan filter device |
| CN111396340A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-10 | 黄娉 | Prevent ventilation system of jam with clean function |
| AT17451U1 (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-04-15 | Vyskumny Ustav Papiera A Celulozy A S | Nanofiltration device to deactivate high concentration airborne pathogens |
| CN113694708A (en) * | 2021-08-14 | 2021-11-26 | 何新华 | Environment-friendly humidifying equipment capable of purifying industrial waste gas |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2038071A (en) * | 1932-11-09 | 1936-04-21 | Patent Finance Corp | Fluid treating device |
| FR2093113A5 (en) * | 1970-06-02 | 1972-01-28 | Patent Protection Ltd | |
| FR2039560A5 (en) * | 1969-04-04 | 1971-01-15 | Charbonnages De France | |
| FR2271423A1 (en) * | 1973-11-30 | 1975-12-12 | Liber Jean Claude | Centrifugal pump or fan - has cellular impeller trapping fluid ejected from periphery |
| FR2292882A1 (en) * | 1974-11-27 | 1976-06-25 | Liber Jean Claude | Rotary machine for blowing or pumping fluid - has ring shaped end plates carry cellular layers discharging radially outwards |
-
1976
- 1976-11-17 DE DE19762652297 patent/DE2652297A1/en active Granted
- 1976-11-17 GB GB4798776A patent/GB1571514A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-18 CA CA266,012A patent/CA1108379A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-22 AT AT865276A patent/AT372296B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-11-25 JP JP51140809A patent/JPS6013728B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-25 FR FR7635601A patent/FR2332790A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2332790A1 (en) | 1977-06-24 |
| AT372296B (en) | 1983-09-26 |
| ATA865276A (en) | 1983-02-15 |
| DE2652297C2 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
| FR2332790B1 (en) | 1982-11-19 |
| GB1571514A (en) | 1980-07-16 |
| JPS5265369A (en) | 1977-05-30 |
| JPS6013728B2 (en) | 1985-04-09 |
| DE2652297A1 (en) | 1977-05-26 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |