CA1106868A - Distribution of flowable materials - Google Patents
Distribution of flowable materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1106868A CA1106868A CA301,084A CA301084A CA1106868A CA 1106868 A CA1106868 A CA 1106868A CA 301084 A CA301084 A CA 301084A CA 1106868 A CA1106868 A CA 1106868A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rotary member
- stream
- openings
- rotary
- members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
- B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
- B05B3/08—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements in association with stationary outlet or deflecting elements
- B05B3/082—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements in association with stationary outlet or deflecting elements the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
- B05B3/085—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements in association with stationary outlet or deflecting elements the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces in association with sectorial deflectors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
- A01M7/0028—Centrifugal sprayers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for distributing flowable material and wherein a stream of flowable material is directed towards a rotating member, part of said stream is deflected and distributed by centrifuging from the rotary member, and the undeflected part of said stream is allowed to pass through the rotating member.
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for distributing flowable material and wherein a stream of flowable material is directed towards a rotating member, part of said stream is deflected and distributed by centrifuging from the rotary member, and the undeflected part of said stream is allowed to pass through the rotating member.
Description
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for distributing flowable material and has particular application to the distribution of chemical aids onto, or into, growing crops.
It is well known in the art to distribute a flowable material by centrifuging the material from the periphery of a rotary member and in, for example, our Canadian Patent No. 1,023,987 there is disclosed an embodiment wherein two rotary members of substantially identical shape and configuration are mounted one above the other on a substantially vertical shaft and rotated at uniform speed. Flowable material is supplied to the upper rotary member, is centrifuged fm m the periphery thereof to produce a spray pattern substantially uniform-ally disposed about the axis of rotation of said member, the spray pattern from said upper rotary member is interrupted at a plurality of locations spaced about the axis of rotation of the member, and the interrupted flcwable material is conducted to the second rotary member and constitutes the flowable material feed thereto, the flowable material supplied to the lower rotary member being centrifuged frcm the periphery thereof without interruption. By carefully selecting the locations and angular extent of the interrupting locations, relative to the direction of displacement of the apparatus over the ground, the uninterrupted spray pattern frcm the upper rotary member superimposed on the uniform spray pattern frcm the lower rotary member can produce a substantially uniform distribution of flowable material transverse to the direction of displacement.
It is also well known in the art that the droplet size distributed from the periphery of a rotary member is directly related to the peripheral speed of the edge of the rotary member frcm which the material is centrifuged ' .
It is well known in the art to distribute a flowable material by centrifuging the material from the periphery of a rotary member and in, for example, our Canadian Patent No. 1,023,987 there is disclosed an embodiment wherein two rotary members of substantially identical shape and configuration are mounted one above the other on a substantially vertical shaft and rotated at uniform speed. Flowable material is supplied to the upper rotary member, is centrifuged fm m the periphery thereof to produce a spray pattern substantially uniform-ally disposed about the axis of rotation of said member, the spray pattern from said upper rotary member is interrupted at a plurality of locations spaced about the axis of rotation of the member, and the interrupted flcwable material is conducted to the second rotary member and constitutes the flowable material feed thereto, the flowable material supplied to the lower rotary member being centrifuged frcm the periphery thereof without interruption. By carefully selecting the locations and angular extent of the interrupting locations, relative to the direction of displacement of the apparatus over the ground, the uninterrupted spray pattern frcm the upper rotary member superimposed on the uniform spray pattern frcm the lower rotary member can produce a substantially uniform distribution of flowable material transverse to the direction of displacement.
It is also well known in the art that the droplet size distributed from the periphery of a rotary member is directly related to the peripheral speed of the edge of the rotary member frcm which the material is centrifuged ' .
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the configuration of said edge, and the rate at which the material i6 distributed fro~ s~id periphery. The shape and configuration is important and, in practice, it is advantageous to uniformly radially disrupt the peripheral edge by castellation, notching, serration, or ridging to assist droplet formation and 6uch forms of edge disruptions are hereafter referred to a~ radial disruptîons. To obtain a uniform si~e of droplet with uniform dietribution of droplets in the spray pattern circumferentially of the rotary member the rotary member must have a peripheral speed within a relatively 6mall speed range, and the rate of distribution of flowable material from the rotary member must also be maintained within a relatively narrow range. This means, in fact, that for a given diameter of periphery, the rotational speed of the rotor to afford uniform distribution with uniform droplet 6ize for a given viscosity of flowable material can be readily determined and it then becomes necessary only to supply flowable material to the rotary member at a uniform rate commen6urate with the peripherAl speed of the rotary member. This also mean6 that, for a given flowable material, with a given diameter of the periphery of the rotary member and the given rotational apeed, the rate at whioh the flowable material can be di6tributed from the rotor i6 severely limited if a de6ired particle or droplet size iB to be obtained.
It will thus become apparent from the above that whilst masking a single rotary member to interrupt part of the spray pattern i66uing therefrom and ducting the interrupted flowable material to an unmasked rotary member CAn afford a 6ubstantially unif~rm distribution of flowable material at the ground tran~ver~e to the direction of displacement of the apparatus there is a severe limitation on the rate at which flowable material can be distributed from the apparatus.
The pre6ent invention 6eek~ to provide a method for di6tributing flowable materiAl from rotary members mounted on a common rotational , .: :
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According to the present invention there is provided a method for distributing flowable material from a continuous periphery of each of a plurality of rotating me~bers arranged in spaced parallel relationship and rotating about a substantially vertical axis passing through the centre of each rotary member, each rotary member, other than the bottom rotary member, having a plurality of openings therethrough spaced about a pitch circle common to all the rotary members, comprising the steps of rotating said rotary members at a substantially uniform speed,-directing a stream of flowable material generally parallel to the rotational axis of the rotary members and spaced from the rotational axis by the radius of said common pitch circle, and so arranging the circumferential positions of the openings in each rotary member above the bottom member relative to the openings in the other rotary members that all the parts of each rotary member between said openings are exposed successively to the undeflected stream of flowable material to deflect material from said stream and the openings in each rotary member above the bottom rotary mem~er are successively rotated into the path of the stream to allow said stream to flow undeflected therethrough, centrifuging material deflected from the stream by each rotary member with openings from the said continuous periphery of that rotary member and centrifuging the undeflected stream . flowing through the openings in the lowermost rotary member with openings from the continuous periphery of the bottom rotary member.
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'6~8 The invention also provides apparatus for distributing flowahle material comprising a plurality of rotatable members arranged in spaced parallel relationship and rotatable about a substantially vertical axis passing through the centre of each rotary member, each rotary member, other than the bottom rotary member, having a plurality of openings therethrough spaced about a pitch circle common to all the rotary members, means for rotating said rotary members at a substa ntially uniform speed, means for directing a stream of flowable material generally parallel to the rotational axis of the rotary members and spaced from the rotational axis by the radius of said common pitch circle, the circumferential positions of the openings in each rotary member above the bottom member relative to the openings in the other rotary members being such that all the parts of each rotary member between said openings are exposed successively to the undeflected stream of flowable material to deflect material from said stream and the openings in each rotary member above the bottom rotary member are successively rotated into the path of the stream to allow said stream to flow ., ' .~ ' undeflected therethrough, whereby material deflected from the stream by each rotary member with openings is centrifuged from the said continuous periphery of that rotary member and the undeflected stream flowing through the openings in the lowermost rotary member with openings is centrifuged from -the continuous periphery of the bottom rotary member.
Each rotary member may comprise an annular base surrounded by a wall, said wall defining the periphery from which the flowable material is centrifuged, said wall sloping radially outwardly from said annular base, and said wall including a substantially uniform radial disruption around the peripheral edge from which the material is centrifuged.
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The openings of each rotary member may be of equal configuration and equally spaced around said pitch circle.
Certain of the rotary members may be surrounded by a mask which obstructs spray patterns issuing from the rotary members, with other rotary members being outside the mask.
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The invention will now be described further by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Fig. 1 shows, diagrammatically, a development illustrat-ing one method for supplying flowable material from a single st:ream to four distribution members, Fig. 2 shows a vertical cross section through an assembly for distributing flowable material on the llne II - II in Fig. 3, Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the apparatus on the line III - III in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 shows, on an enlarged scale, a cross section through the mid-region of the uppermost rotor in the assembly illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 on the line II - II in Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 shows an arrangement for supporting a plurality of assemblies of the type illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3.
In the development illustrated in Fig. 1 four rotary members 11, 12, 13, and 14 arranged in spaced apart parallel relationship are to be considered as moving in unison from right to left as viewed in Fig. 1 and said members are to be supplied with flowable material from a stream S issuing from a duct 15 above the distribution member 11 with the axis of stream S perpendicular to the planes of the distribution members 11, 12, 13 and 14.
The rotary member 11 presents, in the path of stream S, catchment surfaces lla spaced apart by openings 11_ through member 11, the length of each surface lla presented to the stream S being one third of the length of each opening 11_ presented to the stream S. Members 12, 13 and 14 are constructed in identical manner to member 11 and thus member 12 presents catchment surfaces 12a separated by openings 12_, member 13 presents catchment surfaces 13_ separated by openings 13_ and member 14 presents catchment surfaces 14a separated by openings 14b As will be seen from Fig. 1 the trailing edge of each catchment surface 14a lies vertically beneath lhe leading edge of a catchment surface 13a, the trailing edge of each catchment surface 13a lies vertically beneath the leading edge of a catchment surface 12a, and a trailing edge of each catchment surface 12a lies vertically beneath the leading edge of a catchment surface lla and, as the length of each catchment surface lla, 12a, 13a, and 14a is equal to one third of the openings llb, 12b, 13b and 14b the trailing edge of each catchment surface 11_ lies vertically above the leading edge of a catchment surface 14_.
With the arrangement described above, and with the members 11, 12, 13 and 14 in the above described arrangement displacing at substantially uniform speed from right to left as viewed in Fig. 1 and with the duct 15 supplying flowable material to maintain stream S at a substantially uniform rate of delivery, the displacement of member 11 causes catchment surfaces 11_ to successiv.ely deflect flowable material from the stream S
and, between successive catchment surfaces 11_ the stream S
flows uninterrupted through the openings 11_ in member 11.
When a catchment surface 12_ lies in the path of stream S
; said surface 12_ deflects flowable material for distribution by the member 12, in the absence of a catchment surface lla . or 12a in the path of stream S the stream S passes through the openings 11_ and 12b in members 11 and 12 respectively and, when a catchment surface 13_ lies in the path of stream . S said surface deflects the stream S, the deflected stream S constituting the supply of flowable material to be distributed _ g _ :`' .
by the member 13 and, when no surface lla, 12a or 13a lies in the path of stream S the stream S flows, undeflected, through an opening llb, 12b and 13b to strike, and be deflected by, a catchment surface 14a of the member 14. By this means the stream S is interrupted by the catchment surfaces 11_, 12_, 13a and 14a to define the supply of flowable material for distribution by the members 11, 12, 13 and 14 respectively and, because of the length of surfaces lla, 12a, 13a and 14a presented to the stream S relative to the length of openings llb, 12b, 13b and 14b, the flowable material directed to the members 11, 12, 13 and 14 is substantially uniform so that each member 11, 12, 13 and 14 distributes exactly the same volume of flowable material as the other members.
It will be appreciated that whilst the member 14 has been illustrated as identical with members 11, 12 and 13 by catchment surfaces 14a separated by openings 14_ the openings 14b are never exposed to the stream S, the surfaces 11 , 12a and 13a deflect 75% of the stream S and therefore the stream S flowing to the member 14 constitutes only 25% of the total volume of flow from duct 15. Thus, as there is no progression of the stream beyond member 14 the member 14 may be a plain.
member without openings 14_ therethrough.
It will be appreciated that whilst the stream S has, for convenience, been shown in the Fig. 1 embodiment as being perpendicular to the plane of members 11, 12, 13 and 14 it is often advantageous to incline the stream S to the plane of members and to adjust the relative positions of the catch-ment surfaces lla, 12a, 13a and 14a to obtain the desired distribution of the stream S to the members 11, 12, 13 and 14.
When the stream S is inclined to the plane of members 11, 12, ` -- 10 --6~3 13 and 14 said stream may be inclined to have a velocity component in the direction of members 11, 12, 13 and 14, whereby the relative difference in speed between the catchment surfaces lla, 12a, 13a and 14a and the stream S is reduced.
It will also be apparent that Fig. 1 shows a development of members 11, 12, 13 and 14 and, in practice, the members 11, 12, 13 and 14 will be so arranged, and the direction of stream S so arranged, that all flowable material deflected by a member 11, 12, 13 or 14 is retained by that member and centrifuged from the periphery of that member.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 2 and 3 a mask, generally identified by numeral 21, presents upper and lower bearings 22 and 23 respectively and the drive shaft 24 of an electric motor 25 mounted on the mask 21 extends downwardly through upper bearing 22 and lower bearing 23 to project from the lower end of the mask 21. The shaft 24 has six rotary members 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 secured thereon in vertically spaced relationship with the members 26, 27, 28 and 29 located within the upper regions of mask 21 and the members 30 and 31 beneath the mask 21.
The mask 21 comprises a cylindrical section 32, closed at its upper end by an annular cover 33 upon which the motor 25 is secured, and an inverted truncated cone section 34 depending from the lower regions of the section 32. The lower end of the section 34 is closed by an end wall 35 parallel to the cover 33 and a cylindrical skirt 36 depends downwardly from section 34 to shield the rotary members 30, 31.
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Flowable material is supplied to the apparatus from an external source, (not shown), by a conduit 37, extending through the cover 33 to discharge flowable material towards rotary member 26. The conduit 37 is inclined to the plane of the bottom of member 26 in such manner that the flowable material discharged through conduit 37 has a horizontal component opposite to the direction of displacement of that part of member 26 adjacent conduit 37. A duct 38 supported by wall 35, allows flowable material in the lower regions of cone section 34 to discharge towards the rotary member 30.
The cylindrical section 34 of the mask 21 has two slots 39 and 40 located to allow flowable material distributed from the periphery of rotary members 26, 27, 28 and 29 to pass therethrough. The slot 39 has an arcuate length "A" of 1006', the slot 40 has an arcuate length "B" of 7722', and the two interrupting sections of the mask 11 between the slots 39 and 40 each has an arcuate length of 9116'. The two slots 39 and 40 may be of uniform width as illustrated or of variable width to afford for each rotary member a slot width individual thereto.
Thus, when the apparatus is operating and rotary members ; 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 are rotating in the direction of the arrow "E" shown in Fig. 3, and with flowable material supplied e~ually and at constant rate to members 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31, some 49.3% of the material supplied to members 26, 27, 28 and 29 is distributed through slots 39 and 40 whilst some 50.7% is interrupted by the sections between slots 39 and 40, and the interrupted 50.7% of flowable material flows down the inside of mask 21 and is released through the duct 38 for . , , : .
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distribution by members 30 and 31. Thus, members 30 and 31 receive some 50.7% of the total volume of material supplied by the conduit 37 for distribution therebetween.
To assist in a sharp cut-off at the leading and trailing edges of slots 39 and 40 and to prevent breakdown of the droplets striking said edges of said slots, it has been found advantageous to provide deflector plates 39b and 40a, 40_ at the leading and trailing edges of slots 39 and 40 respectively.
The rotary members 26, 27 and 28 are of generally identical construction and therefore the general description will be limited to the following description of member 26 and it will be understood that the other members 27 and 28 have the same parts and construction. Thus, the member 26 comprises a relatively flat annular base 26a with a central bush 26_, through which the drive shaft 24 passes, and a peripheral wall 26c inclined upwardly and outwardly from the base 26a. The inside surface of the wall 26c includes means for assisting uniform distribution of the material flowing towards the periphery in the form of ribs 26d extending from the base surface 26a to the periphery of wall 26c and a toothed flange defines a radial disruption for the peripheral edge 26~ of wall 26_.
The base 26a has four holes 26e, 26f, 26~ and 26_ there-through arranged on a pitch circle concentric with the rotational axis of member 26. The axis of the stream of flowable material passes substantially through the pitch circle of the holes 26e, 26f, 26g and 26h.
-- -- _ The holes 26e, 26f, 26g and 26h through rotor 26 have such length, circumferentially of the p tch circle, that the four . . : .. . ,,:
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surfaces of base 26a presented successively to the stream of material from duct 37 deflect 25% of the stream for distribut-ion by the member 26, said material being centrifuged over the base 26a, up the wall 26c and over the periphery thereof when the shaft 24 is rotating the rotary members 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31, at operational speed. The member 27, identical to member 26, has its respective holes 27_, 27f, 27_ and 27h offset from the holes 26e, 26f, 26_ and 26 respectively so that the surfaces therebetween are exposed to the material stream directed through holes 26e, 27f, 26g and 26_ thus to deflect part of the stream for distribution from the periphery ; of member 27. In like manner the member 28 presents its surfaces between holes 28_, 28f, 28g and 28h to the stream passing through holes 27e, 27f, 27~ and 27_ and that part of the stream not deflected by members 26, 27 and 28 passes through the holes 28e, 28f, 28~ and 28h to the member 29, which is identical : in construction to members 26, 27 and 28 with the exception that member 29 does not have holes through its base 29a.
With the above described arrangement member 26 deflects : 20 25~ of the flowable material stream directed thereto by conduit 37, member 27 deflects 33 1/3% of the stream directed thereto through holes 26e, 26f, 26g and 26 , member 28 deflects 50~ of the stream directed thereto through holes 27_, 27f, 27g and 27h and that 50% of the stream undeflected by member 28 passes through openings 28e, 28f, 28_ and 28_ to member 29.
Thus, each rotary member receives 25% of the total volume of flowable material supplied by conduit 37 for distribution from its periphery and thereby the volume distributed from the rotary members 26, 27, 28 and 29 is equal.
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, 6~3 ,, To assist in obtaining a sharp cut-off for the deflected stream each hole through a member 26, 27 and 28 is countersunk as illustrated for holes 26_ and 26_ in Fig. 4.
The flowable material spray from the rotary members 26, 27, 28 and 29 is interrupted by the mask 21 between slots 39 and 40 and the interrupted material flows down the internal surfaces of the mask 21 to the bottom of cone section 34 for release through duct 38.
The rotary member 30 directly beneath the mask 21 is identical in construction to member 26 with the exception that its four holes (only holes 30_ and 30g are shown in Fig. 2) have such diameters that member 30 deflects 50% of the stream of flowable material supplied thereto by the duct 38 for release at its periphery, the remaining 50% of the stream passing through the holes in member 30 to the member 31, which is identical to rotary member 29 and does not have holes through its base. The holes in member 30 may be countersunk in like manner to the holes in members 26, 27 and 28.
As the rotary members 26 to 31 inclusive are mounted for rotation at the same rotational speed and have the peripheries of their respective side walls 26_ to 31_ inclusive of the same diameter the peripheral speeds at the material centrifuging periphery is the same. Further, as the rotary members 26, 27, 28 and 29 each receive 25% of the total volume of flowable material from conduit 37 and as some 50% of the flowable ; material centrifuged from members 26, 27, 28 and 29 is interr-- upted by the mask 21 and constitutes equal feed to rotary members 30 and 31, then the volume of flowable material from the peripheries of the members 26 to 31 inclusive is substan-' . :
tially the same and, with uniform volumetic flow from the members 26 to 31 and uniform peripheral speeds, a substantially uniform droplet size is obtained in the spray pattern externally of the mask 21.
If now the assembly is supported above a base surface and traversed over the base surface with the slots 39 and 40 so located relative to the direction of displacement that the spray patterns from said slots 39 and 40 each lie, at ground level, equally on each s.ide of the plane in the direction of displacement and passing through the axis of shaft 24, and said spray patterns, superimposed on the spray patterns from rotors 30 and 31, produce at ground level a substantially uniform distribution of flowable material transverse to the direction of displacement.
Fig. 5 shows one form of apparatus for supporting and displacing a plurality of assemblies of rotary members, each constructed and arranged in identical manner to the assembly illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3.
Thus, in the Fig. 5 embodiment a chassis 50, supported on wheels 51 and 52, supports a tank 53 of flowable material which discharges to a manifold 54. Manifold 54 discharges via conduits 37 to three assemblies 55, 56 and 57, supported by a rail 58 from chassis 50. Chassis 50 also support batteries 59, 60, 61 and 62 for supplying power to the electric motors 25 of assemblies 55, 56 and 57.
In operation, the apparatus is towed over the ground to be treated at uniform speed, the conduits 37 supply flowable material from manifold 54 to the assemblies 55, 56 and 57, the rotor assemblies 26 to 31 inclusive of the assemblies ~30 55, 56 and 57 are rotated at such speed that each rotor . :
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, centrifuges the material applied thereto uniformly from its periphery and, as the transverse spacing of the assemblies 55, 56 and 57 is adjusted so that the spray patterns touch, or just overlap, at ground level, a substantially uniform distribution of flowable material transverse to the direction of displacement is obtained.
It will be appreciated that the method and apparatus for dispensing the flowable material to the rotors allows each rotary member to receive its designated share direct from the stream and the flowable material delivered on a surface between the holes is immediately deflected by the rotation of the rotary member outwardly of the annular region within which the holes are located so that, the flowable material deflected from the stream by a rotary member cannot pass to a rotary member therebeneath.
Further, it will be appreciated that whilst the rotary members 26, 27, 28 and 30 have been described as having round ;~ holes the invention is not restricted to the openings being round and opening of othér shapes may be used. Further the number of holes through each rotary member 26, 27, 28 and 30 may be more or less than the four described.
It will also be appreciated that, whilst with illustrated example the mask 21 interrupts some 50% of the flowable material centrifuged from the rotary members within the mask 21 there is perferably one rotary member externally of the mask 21 for each two rotary members within the mask 21. Further, ~; it will be appreciated that the rate of distribution of flow-able material from the, or each, assembly of rotary members may be increased by increasing the number of rotors on the `~
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shaft 24 and so arranging the openings through the rotors, in the manner proposed by the present invention, that the stream of flowable material is equally distributed to the rotary members within the mask. Further, it will be appreciated that more than one flowable material stream may be directed towards the uppermost rotary disc and, when a plurality of supply streams are provided, said streams are preferably spaced about the~rotational axis for the assembly of rotors.
A substantial advantage gained by supplying a plurality of rotary members with flowable material from a source externally of the assembly of rotors is that the rotary members may be arranged in close relationship, thus reducing the height of the assembly of rotary members and the vertical height of the mask.
Whilst the present invention has been described by way of example with reference to specific examples it will be appreciated that many modifications and variations will be apparent to persons skilled in the art and such modifications and variations as practice supplying flowable material to a rotary member by deflecting part of a stream of flowable ; material to constitute the supply to the rotor whilst allowing the undeflected stream to pass through the rotor must lie within the scope of this invention.
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the configuration of said edge, and the rate at which the material i6 distributed fro~ s~id periphery. The shape and configuration is important and, in practice, it is advantageous to uniformly radially disrupt the peripheral edge by castellation, notching, serration, or ridging to assist droplet formation and 6uch forms of edge disruptions are hereafter referred to a~ radial disruptîons. To obtain a uniform si~e of droplet with uniform dietribution of droplets in the spray pattern circumferentially of the rotary member the rotary member must have a peripheral speed within a relatively 6mall speed range, and the rate of distribution of flowable material from the rotary member must also be maintained within a relatively narrow range. This means, in fact, that for a given diameter of periphery, the rotational speed of the rotor to afford uniform distribution with uniform droplet 6ize for a given viscosity of flowable material can be readily determined and it then becomes necessary only to supply flowable material to the rotary member at a uniform rate commen6urate with the peripherAl speed of the rotary member. This also mean6 that, for a given flowable material, with a given diameter of the periphery of the rotary member and the given rotational apeed, the rate at whioh the flowable material can be di6tributed from the rotor i6 severely limited if a de6ired particle or droplet size iB to be obtained.
It will thus become apparent from the above that whilst masking a single rotary member to interrupt part of the spray pattern i66uing therefrom and ducting the interrupted flowable material to an unmasked rotary member CAn afford a 6ubstantially unif~rm distribution of flowable material at the ground tran~ver~e to the direction of displacement of the apparatus there is a severe limitation on the rate at which flowable material can be distributed from the apparatus.
The pre6ent invention 6eek~ to provide a method for di6tributing flowable materiAl from rotary members mounted on a common rotational , .: :
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According to the present invention there is provided a method for distributing flowable material from a continuous periphery of each of a plurality of rotating me~bers arranged in spaced parallel relationship and rotating about a substantially vertical axis passing through the centre of each rotary member, each rotary member, other than the bottom rotary member, having a plurality of openings therethrough spaced about a pitch circle common to all the rotary members, comprising the steps of rotating said rotary members at a substantially uniform speed,-directing a stream of flowable material generally parallel to the rotational axis of the rotary members and spaced from the rotational axis by the radius of said common pitch circle, and so arranging the circumferential positions of the openings in each rotary member above the bottom member relative to the openings in the other rotary members that all the parts of each rotary member between said openings are exposed successively to the undeflected stream of flowable material to deflect material from said stream and the openings in each rotary member above the bottom rotary mem~er are successively rotated into the path of the stream to allow said stream to flow undeflected therethrough, centrifuging material deflected from the stream by each rotary member with openings from the said continuous periphery of that rotary member and centrifuging the undeflected stream . flowing through the openings in the lowermost rotary member with openings from the continuous periphery of the bottom rotary member.
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'6~8 The invention also provides apparatus for distributing flowahle material comprising a plurality of rotatable members arranged in spaced parallel relationship and rotatable about a substantially vertical axis passing through the centre of each rotary member, each rotary member, other than the bottom rotary member, having a plurality of openings therethrough spaced about a pitch circle common to all the rotary members, means for rotating said rotary members at a substa ntially uniform speed, means for directing a stream of flowable material generally parallel to the rotational axis of the rotary members and spaced from the rotational axis by the radius of said common pitch circle, the circumferential positions of the openings in each rotary member above the bottom member relative to the openings in the other rotary members being such that all the parts of each rotary member between said openings are exposed successively to the undeflected stream of flowable material to deflect material from said stream and the openings in each rotary member above the bottom rotary member are successively rotated into the path of the stream to allow said stream to flow ., ' .~ ' undeflected therethrough, whereby material deflected from the stream by each rotary member with openings is centrifuged from the said continuous periphery of that rotary member and the undeflected stream flowing through the openings in the lowermost rotary member with openings is centrifuged from -the continuous periphery of the bottom rotary member.
Each rotary member may comprise an annular base surrounded by a wall, said wall defining the periphery from which the flowable material is centrifuged, said wall sloping radially outwardly from said annular base, and said wall including a substantially uniform radial disruption around the peripheral edge from which the material is centrifuged.
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The openings of each rotary member may be of equal configuration and equally spaced around said pitch circle.
Certain of the rotary members may be surrounded by a mask which obstructs spray patterns issuing from the rotary members, with other rotary members being outside the mask.
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The invention will now be described further by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Fig. 1 shows, diagrammatically, a development illustrat-ing one method for supplying flowable material from a single st:ream to four distribution members, Fig. 2 shows a vertical cross section through an assembly for distributing flowable material on the llne II - II in Fig. 3, Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the apparatus on the line III - III in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 shows, on an enlarged scale, a cross section through the mid-region of the uppermost rotor in the assembly illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 on the line II - II in Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 shows an arrangement for supporting a plurality of assemblies of the type illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3.
In the development illustrated in Fig. 1 four rotary members 11, 12, 13, and 14 arranged in spaced apart parallel relationship are to be considered as moving in unison from right to left as viewed in Fig. 1 and said members are to be supplied with flowable material from a stream S issuing from a duct 15 above the distribution member 11 with the axis of stream S perpendicular to the planes of the distribution members 11, 12, 13 and 14.
The rotary member 11 presents, in the path of stream S, catchment surfaces lla spaced apart by openings 11_ through member 11, the length of each surface lla presented to the stream S being one third of the length of each opening 11_ presented to the stream S. Members 12, 13 and 14 are constructed in identical manner to member 11 and thus member 12 presents catchment surfaces 12a separated by openings 12_, member 13 presents catchment surfaces 13_ separated by openings 13_ and member 14 presents catchment surfaces 14a separated by openings 14b As will be seen from Fig. 1 the trailing edge of each catchment surface 14a lies vertically beneath lhe leading edge of a catchment surface 13a, the trailing edge of each catchment surface 13a lies vertically beneath the leading edge of a catchment surface 12a, and a trailing edge of each catchment surface 12a lies vertically beneath the leading edge of a catchment surface lla and, as the length of each catchment surface lla, 12a, 13a, and 14a is equal to one third of the openings llb, 12b, 13b and 14b the trailing edge of each catchment surface 11_ lies vertically above the leading edge of a catchment surface 14_.
With the arrangement described above, and with the members 11, 12, 13 and 14 in the above described arrangement displacing at substantially uniform speed from right to left as viewed in Fig. 1 and with the duct 15 supplying flowable material to maintain stream S at a substantially uniform rate of delivery, the displacement of member 11 causes catchment surfaces 11_ to successiv.ely deflect flowable material from the stream S
and, between successive catchment surfaces 11_ the stream S
flows uninterrupted through the openings 11_ in member 11.
When a catchment surface 12_ lies in the path of stream S
; said surface 12_ deflects flowable material for distribution by the member 12, in the absence of a catchment surface lla . or 12a in the path of stream S the stream S passes through the openings 11_ and 12b in members 11 and 12 respectively and, when a catchment surface 13_ lies in the path of stream . S said surface deflects the stream S, the deflected stream S constituting the supply of flowable material to be distributed _ g _ :`' .
by the member 13 and, when no surface lla, 12a or 13a lies in the path of stream S the stream S flows, undeflected, through an opening llb, 12b and 13b to strike, and be deflected by, a catchment surface 14a of the member 14. By this means the stream S is interrupted by the catchment surfaces 11_, 12_, 13a and 14a to define the supply of flowable material for distribution by the members 11, 12, 13 and 14 respectively and, because of the length of surfaces lla, 12a, 13a and 14a presented to the stream S relative to the length of openings llb, 12b, 13b and 14b, the flowable material directed to the members 11, 12, 13 and 14 is substantially uniform so that each member 11, 12, 13 and 14 distributes exactly the same volume of flowable material as the other members.
It will be appreciated that whilst the member 14 has been illustrated as identical with members 11, 12 and 13 by catchment surfaces 14a separated by openings 14_ the openings 14b are never exposed to the stream S, the surfaces 11 , 12a and 13a deflect 75% of the stream S and therefore the stream S flowing to the member 14 constitutes only 25% of the total volume of flow from duct 15. Thus, as there is no progression of the stream beyond member 14 the member 14 may be a plain.
member without openings 14_ therethrough.
It will be appreciated that whilst the stream S has, for convenience, been shown in the Fig. 1 embodiment as being perpendicular to the plane of members 11, 12, 13 and 14 it is often advantageous to incline the stream S to the plane of members and to adjust the relative positions of the catch-ment surfaces lla, 12a, 13a and 14a to obtain the desired distribution of the stream S to the members 11, 12, 13 and 14.
When the stream S is inclined to the plane of members 11, 12, ` -- 10 --6~3 13 and 14 said stream may be inclined to have a velocity component in the direction of members 11, 12, 13 and 14, whereby the relative difference in speed between the catchment surfaces lla, 12a, 13a and 14a and the stream S is reduced.
It will also be apparent that Fig. 1 shows a development of members 11, 12, 13 and 14 and, in practice, the members 11, 12, 13 and 14 will be so arranged, and the direction of stream S so arranged, that all flowable material deflected by a member 11, 12, 13 or 14 is retained by that member and centrifuged from the periphery of that member.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 2 and 3 a mask, generally identified by numeral 21, presents upper and lower bearings 22 and 23 respectively and the drive shaft 24 of an electric motor 25 mounted on the mask 21 extends downwardly through upper bearing 22 and lower bearing 23 to project from the lower end of the mask 21. The shaft 24 has six rotary members 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 secured thereon in vertically spaced relationship with the members 26, 27, 28 and 29 located within the upper regions of mask 21 and the members 30 and 31 beneath the mask 21.
The mask 21 comprises a cylindrical section 32, closed at its upper end by an annular cover 33 upon which the motor 25 is secured, and an inverted truncated cone section 34 depending from the lower regions of the section 32. The lower end of the section 34 is closed by an end wall 35 parallel to the cover 33 and a cylindrical skirt 36 depends downwardly from section 34 to shield the rotary members 30, 31.
:.
., .
' .
. . .
: '' : .
Flowable material is supplied to the apparatus from an external source, (not shown), by a conduit 37, extending through the cover 33 to discharge flowable material towards rotary member 26. The conduit 37 is inclined to the plane of the bottom of member 26 in such manner that the flowable material discharged through conduit 37 has a horizontal component opposite to the direction of displacement of that part of member 26 adjacent conduit 37. A duct 38 supported by wall 35, allows flowable material in the lower regions of cone section 34 to discharge towards the rotary member 30.
The cylindrical section 34 of the mask 21 has two slots 39 and 40 located to allow flowable material distributed from the periphery of rotary members 26, 27, 28 and 29 to pass therethrough. The slot 39 has an arcuate length "A" of 1006', the slot 40 has an arcuate length "B" of 7722', and the two interrupting sections of the mask 11 between the slots 39 and 40 each has an arcuate length of 9116'. The two slots 39 and 40 may be of uniform width as illustrated or of variable width to afford for each rotary member a slot width individual thereto.
Thus, when the apparatus is operating and rotary members ; 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 are rotating in the direction of the arrow "E" shown in Fig. 3, and with flowable material supplied e~ually and at constant rate to members 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31, some 49.3% of the material supplied to members 26, 27, 28 and 29 is distributed through slots 39 and 40 whilst some 50.7% is interrupted by the sections between slots 39 and 40, and the interrupted 50.7% of flowable material flows down the inside of mask 21 and is released through the duct 38 for . , , : .
~ ~ ' ' ' .
' .
6~
distribution by members 30 and 31. Thus, members 30 and 31 receive some 50.7% of the total volume of material supplied by the conduit 37 for distribution therebetween.
To assist in a sharp cut-off at the leading and trailing edges of slots 39 and 40 and to prevent breakdown of the droplets striking said edges of said slots, it has been found advantageous to provide deflector plates 39b and 40a, 40_ at the leading and trailing edges of slots 39 and 40 respectively.
The rotary members 26, 27 and 28 are of generally identical construction and therefore the general description will be limited to the following description of member 26 and it will be understood that the other members 27 and 28 have the same parts and construction. Thus, the member 26 comprises a relatively flat annular base 26a with a central bush 26_, through which the drive shaft 24 passes, and a peripheral wall 26c inclined upwardly and outwardly from the base 26a. The inside surface of the wall 26c includes means for assisting uniform distribution of the material flowing towards the periphery in the form of ribs 26d extending from the base surface 26a to the periphery of wall 26c and a toothed flange defines a radial disruption for the peripheral edge 26~ of wall 26_.
The base 26a has four holes 26e, 26f, 26~ and 26_ there-through arranged on a pitch circle concentric with the rotational axis of member 26. The axis of the stream of flowable material passes substantially through the pitch circle of the holes 26e, 26f, 26g and 26h.
-- -- _ The holes 26e, 26f, 26g and 26h through rotor 26 have such length, circumferentially of the p tch circle, that the four . . : .. . ,,:
.
. ~ - . -.
. . -.
''' ': ' :
' . , , ~ :
.~ 6~
surfaces of base 26a presented successively to the stream of material from duct 37 deflect 25% of the stream for distribut-ion by the member 26, said material being centrifuged over the base 26a, up the wall 26c and over the periphery thereof when the shaft 24 is rotating the rotary members 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31, at operational speed. The member 27, identical to member 26, has its respective holes 27_, 27f, 27_ and 27h offset from the holes 26e, 26f, 26_ and 26 respectively so that the surfaces therebetween are exposed to the material stream directed through holes 26e, 27f, 26g and 26_ thus to deflect part of the stream for distribution from the periphery ; of member 27. In like manner the member 28 presents its surfaces between holes 28_, 28f, 28g and 28h to the stream passing through holes 27e, 27f, 27~ and 27_ and that part of the stream not deflected by members 26, 27 and 28 passes through the holes 28e, 28f, 28~ and 28h to the member 29, which is identical : in construction to members 26, 27 and 28 with the exception that member 29 does not have holes through its base 29a.
With the above described arrangement member 26 deflects : 20 25~ of the flowable material stream directed thereto by conduit 37, member 27 deflects 33 1/3% of the stream directed thereto through holes 26e, 26f, 26g and 26 , member 28 deflects 50~ of the stream directed thereto through holes 27_, 27f, 27g and 27h and that 50% of the stream undeflected by member 28 passes through openings 28e, 28f, 28_ and 28_ to member 29.
Thus, each rotary member receives 25% of the total volume of flowable material supplied by conduit 37 for distribution from its periphery and thereby the volume distributed from the rotary members 26, 27, 28 and 29 is equal.
' ' : . ' ~' ' ~ ':
- . :
, 6~3 ,, To assist in obtaining a sharp cut-off for the deflected stream each hole through a member 26, 27 and 28 is countersunk as illustrated for holes 26_ and 26_ in Fig. 4.
The flowable material spray from the rotary members 26, 27, 28 and 29 is interrupted by the mask 21 between slots 39 and 40 and the interrupted material flows down the internal surfaces of the mask 21 to the bottom of cone section 34 for release through duct 38.
The rotary member 30 directly beneath the mask 21 is identical in construction to member 26 with the exception that its four holes (only holes 30_ and 30g are shown in Fig. 2) have such diameters that member 30 deflects 50% of the stream of flowable material supplied thereto by the duct 38 for release at its periphery, the remaining 50% of the stream passing through the holes in member 30 to the member 31, which is identical to rotary member 29 and does not have holes through its base. The holes in member 30 may be countersunk in like manner to the holes in members 26, 27 and 28.
As the rotary members 26 to 31 inclusive are mounted for rotation at the same rotational speed and have the peripheries of their respective side walls 26_ to 31_ inclusive of the same diameter the peripheral speeds at the material centrifuging periphery is the same. Further, as the rotary members 26, 27, 28 and 29 each receive 25% of the total volume of flowable material from conduit 37 and as some 50% of the flowable ; material centrifuged from members 26, 27, 28 and 29 is interr-- upted by the mask 21 and constitutes equal feed to rotary members 30 and 31, then the volume of flowable material from the peripheries of the members 26 to 31 inclusive is substan-' . :
tially the same and, with uniform volumetic flow from the members 26 to 31 and uniform peripheral speeds, a substantially uniform droplet size is obtained in the spray pattern externally of the mask 21.
If now the assembly is supported above a base surface and traversed over the base surface with the slots 39 and 40 so located relative to the direction of displacement that the spray patterns from said slots 39 and 40 each lie, at ground level, equally on each s.ide of the plane in the direction of displacement and passing through the axis of shaft 24, and said spray patterns, superimposed on the spray patterns from rotors 30 and 31, produce at ground level a substantially uniform distribution of flowable material transverse to the direction of displacement.
Fig. 5 shows one form of apparatus for supporting and displacing a plurality of assemblies of rotary members, each constructed and arranged in identical manner to the assembly illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3.
Thus, in the Fig. 5 embodiment a chassis 50, supported on wheels 51 and 52, supports a tank 53 of flowable material which discharges to a manifold 54. Manifold 54 discharges via conduits 37 to three assemblies 55, 56 and 57, supported by a rail 58 from chassis 50. Chassis 50 also support batteries 59, 60, 61 and 62 for supplying power to the electric motors 25 of assemblies 55, 56 and 57.
In operation, the apparatus is towed over the ground to be treated at uniform speed, the conduits 37 supply flowable material from manifold 54 to the assemblies 55, 56 and 57, the rotor assemblies 26 to 31 inclusive of the assemblies ~30 55, 56 and 57 are rotated at such speed that each rotor . :
, .
, centrifuges the material applied thereto uniformly from its periphery and, as the transverse spacing of the assemblies 55, 56 and 57 is adjusted so that the spray patterns touch, or just overlap, at ground level, a substantially uniform distribution of flowable material transverse to the direction of displacement is obtained.
It will be appreciated that the method and apparatus for dispensing the flowable material to the rotors allows each rotary member to receive its designated share direct from the stream and the flowable material delivered on a surface between the holes is immediately deflected by the rotation of the rotary member outwardly of the annular region within which the holes are located so that, the flowable material deflected from the stream by a rotary member cannot pass to a rotary member therebeneath.
Further, it will be appreciated that whilst the rotary members 26, 27, 28 and 30 have been described as having round ;~ holes the invention is not restricted to the openings being round and opening of othér shapes may be used. Further the number of holes through each rotary member 26, 27, 28 and 30 may be more or less than the four described.
It will also be appreciated that, whilst with illustrated example the mask 21 interrupts some 50% of the flowable material centrifuged from the rotary members within the mask 21 there is perferably one rotary member externally of the mask 21 for each two rotary members within the mask 21. Further, ~; it will be appreciated that the rate of distribution of flow-able material from the, or each, assembly of rotary members may be increased by increasing the number of rotors on the `~
; . . : , . . .
.
.
~6~
shaft 24 and so arranging the openings through the rotors, in the manner proposed by the present invention, that the stream of flowable material is equally distributed to the rotary members within the mask. Further, it will be appreciated that more than one flowable material stream may be directed towards the uppermost rotary disc and, when a plurality of supply streams are provided, said streams are preferably spaced about the~rotational axis for the assembly of rotors.
A substantial advantage gained by supplying a plurality of rotary members with flowable material from a source externally of the assembly of rotors is that the rotary members may be arranged in close relationship, thus reducing the height of the assembly of rotary members and the vertical height of the mask.
Whilst the present invention has been described by way of example with reference to specific examples it will be appreciated that many modifications and variations will be apparent to persons skilled in the art and such modifications and variations as practice supplying flowable material to a rotary member by deflecting part of a stream of flowable ; material to constitute the supply to the rotor whilst allowing the undeflected stream to pass through the rotor must lie within the scope of this invention.
, .
., ~ .
Claims (5)
1. A method for distributing flowable material from a continuous periphery of each of a plurality of rotating members arranged in spaced parallel relationship and rotating about a substantially vertical axis passing through the centre of each rotary member, each rotary member, other than the bottom rotary member, having a plurality of openings therethrough spaced about a pitch circle common to all the rotary members, comprising the steps of rotating said rotary members at a substantially uniform speed, directing a stream of flowable material generally parallel to the rotational axis of the rotary members and spaced from the rotational axis by the radius of said common pitch circle, and so arranging the circumferential positions of the openings in each rotary member above the bottom member relative to the openings in the other rotary members that all the parts of each rotary member between said openings are exposed successively to the undeflected stream of flowable material to deflect material from said stream and the openings in each rotary member above the bottom rotary member are successively rotated into the path of the stream to allow said stream to flow undeflected therethrough, centrifuging material deflected from the stream by each rotary member with openings from the said continuous periphery of that rotary member and centrifuging the undeflected stream flowing through the openings in the lowermost rotary member with openings from the continuous periphery of the bottom rotary member.
2. Apparatus for distributing flowable material comprising a plurality of rotatable members arranged in spaced parallel relationship and rotatable about a substantially vertical axis passing through the centre of each rotary member, each rotary member, other than the bottom rotary member, having a plurality of openings therethrough spaced about a pitch circle common to all the rotary members, means for rotating said rotary members at a substantially uniform speed, means for directing a stream of flowable material generally parallel to the rotational axis of the rotary members and spaced from the rotational axis by the radius of said common pitch circle, the circumferential positions of the openings in each rotary member above the bottom member relative to the openings in the other rotary members being such that all the parts of each rotary member between said openings are exposed successively to the undeflected stream of flowable material to deflect material from said stream and the openings in each rotary member above the bottom rotary member are successively rotated into the path of the stream to allow said stream to flow un-deflected therethrough, whereby material deflected from the stream by each rotary member with openings is centrifuged from the said continuous periphery of that rotary member and the undeflected stream flowing through the openings in the lowermost rotary member with openings is centrifuged from the continuous periphery of the bottom rotary member.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein each rotary member comprises an annular base surrounded by a wall, said wall defining the periphery from which the flowable material is centrifuged, said wall sloping radially outwardly from said annular base, and said wall including a substantially uniform radial disruption around the peripheral edge from which the material is centrifuged.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein said openings of each rotary member are of equal configuration and are equally spaced about said pitch circle.
5. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein certain of said rotary members are surrounded by a mask which obstructs parts of of the spray patterns issuing from the rotary members, and other of said rotary members are outside the mask.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB16562/77 | 1977-04-16 | ||
| GB16562/77A GB1578601A (en) | 1977-04-16 | 1977-04-16 | Distribution of flowable materials |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1106868A true CA1106868A (en) | 1981-08-11 |
Family
ID=10079556
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA301,084A Expired CA1106868A (en) | 1977-04-16 | 1978-04-13 | Distribution of flowable materials |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU515937B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE866021A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1106868A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2816297A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK164378A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2387085A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1578601A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7804014A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7804280L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA782135B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2615355A1 (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1988-11-25 | Piquemal Jean | Disc sprinkler device |
| DE3914126C1 (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-09-06 | Nikolaus 8201 Tuntenhausen De Schechner | Spreading fertiliser on field - involves plates designed so that one spreader platte gives even distribution over two rows of plants |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1606295A (en) * | 1923-04-20 | 1926-11-09 | Helmer Air Conditioning Corp | Apparatus for spraying liquids |
| GB1502268A (en) * | 1974-08-07 | 1978-03-01 | Horstine Farmery Ltd | Spray apparatus |
| GB1505356A (en) * | 1975-02-27 | 1978-03-30 | Horstine Farmery Ltd | Spray apparatus |
-
1977
- 1977-04-16 GB GB16562/77A patent/GB1578601A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-04-13 ZA ZA00782135A patent/ZA782135B/en unknown
- 1978-04-13 CA CA301,084A patent/CA1106868A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-04-14 DK DK164378A patent/DK164378A/en unknown
- 1978-04-14 SE SE7804280A patent/SE7804280L/en unknown
- 1978-04-14 NL NL7804014A patent/NL7804014A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-04-14 DE DE19782816297 patent/DE2816297A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-04-14 BE BE186826A patent/BE866021A/en unknown
- 1978-04-17 AU AU35136/78A patent/AU515937B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-04-17 FR FR7811188A patent/FR2387085A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU515937B2 (en) | 1981-05-07 |
| GB1578601A (en) | 1980-11-05 |
| SE7804280L (en) | 1978-10-17 |
| ZA782135B (en) | 1979-03-28 |
| FR2387085A1 (en) | 1978-11-10 |
| NL7804014A (en) | 1978-10-18 |
| DK164378A (en) | 1978-10-17 |
| DE2816297A1 (en) | 1978-10-19 |
| AU3513678A (en) | 1979-10-25 |
| BE866021A (en) | 1978-07-31 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |