CA1104479A - Tread for a pneumatic tire - Google Patents
Tread for a pneumatic tireInfo
- Publication number
- CA1104479A CA1104479A CA319,214A CA319214A CA1104479A CA 1104479 A CA1104479 A CA 1104479A CA 319214 A CA319214 A CA 319214A CA 1104479 A CA1104479 A CA 1104479A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tread
- tire
- grooves
- width
- rib
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/11—Tread patterns in which the raised area of the pattern consists only of isolated elements, e.g. blocks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/0306—Patterns comprising block rows or discontinuous ribs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C2011/0337—Tread patterns characterised by particular design features of the pattern
- B60C2011/0386—Continuous ribs
- B60C2011/0388—Continuous ribs provided at the equatorial plane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
- B60C11/1204—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes with special shape of the sipe
- B60C2011/1213—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes with special shape of the sipe sinusoidal or zigzag at the tread surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
- B60C11/1236—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes with special arrangements in the tread pattern
- B60C2011/1254—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes with special arrangements in the tread pattern with closed sipe, i.e. not extending to a groove
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
TREAD FOR A PNEUMATIC TIRE
Abstract of the Invention A tread capable of being used in all seasons and weather conditions comprising of a substantially centrally located rib which extends circumferentially about the tire, a plurality of independent projections placed about the remaining portion of the tire. The independent projections are placed so as to provide for two circumferentially extending grooves, one on either side of the central rib and a plurality of laterally extending grooves which extend from each central groove to the tread edge of the tire. The tread has a low net to gross ratio.
Abstract of the Invention A tread capable of being used in all seasons and weather conditions comprising of a substantially centrally located rib which extends circumferentially about the tire, a plurality of independent projections placed about the remaining portion of the tire. The independent projections are placed so as to provide for two circumferentially extending grooves, one on either side of the central rib and a plurality of laterally extending grooves which extend from each central groove to the tread edge of the tire. The tread has a low net to gross ratio.
Description
The foregoing abstract is not to be taken as limiting the invention of this application, and in oxder to understand the full nature and extent of the technical nature of this application, reference must be made to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.
Background of the Invention This invention relates to pneumatic tires, more particularly to the tread portion of a pneumatic tire.
It is well-known in the tire industry that the choice of a particular tread design involves trade-off between specific tire performance characteristics in order to achieve the over-all desired tire performance. For example, a tread design which has good wet traction or snow traction generally has poor dry traction, handling, and/or noise levels; a tire which generally has good dry traction, handling and tread wear characteristics generally has poor wet and snow traction.
Conflicting tire characteristics such as these make it difficult to produce a tread pattern suitable for the various road conditions experienced during the entire year.
Applicants have discovered a particular tread arrangement suitable for use in all seasons which provides for good wet and snow traction while still maintaining good dry traction, tread wear, noise levels and handling.
Summary of the Invention In accordance with one aspect of this invention there is provided a tread for a pneumatic tire comprising a con-tinuous circumferentially extending rib located substantially in the central portion of the tread; a plurality of independent projections placed circumferentially about the tire so as to provide two circumferentially extending grooves, one on either side of said central rib, and a plurality of lateral grooves which extend from each of said central grooves axially out-ward to its closest respective tread edge.
Brief Description of the Drawing Fig. 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a tread of a pneumatic tire made in accordance with the present invention;
and Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of a modified tread of a pneumatic -tire made in accordance wi-th the presen~ invention.
p$tai1~-ls~ Lt n-5 ~ L.~L -~
Re~`erring to the drawing, there ls lllustrated a fragmentary view of a tlre :L0 made in accordance with the present invention having a -tread portion 12. I-t should be understood that the tread portion 12 extends circumferentially about the tire 10 in like manner. The tread por-tion 12 comprises of a circumferentially extending central rib 14 and a plurality of independent projections or buttons 16 placed in the remaining portion.
For the purposes of this invention~ an independent projection or button shall be considered a projection which has its length substantially less than one-half the width of the footprint of the tire.
The central rib lL~ is continuous without any a~ial breaks, that is~ without any notches~ bladings or other features which extend continuously axially across the rib 14 and is loca-ted substantially in the central portion of tread portion 12. The axial edges 18 of rib 14 form an angle with the mid-circumferential plane not greater than 10~ preferably~ the edges 18 form an angle not greater than 5. The width of rib 14 may range from about 5~ to 20% of the tread width W, preferably approximately 12%. For the purposes of this invention~ -the tread width W is the axial distance between the tread edges as measured from the footprint of the tire inflated to design inflation pressures and at rated load. The rib 14 ~4479 contributes to noise reduction by minimizing vibrations in the central portion of the tread 12. The central rib 14 may be further provided with substantially axially extending sipes or notches for improved traction, preferably, the radial depth of these sipes or notches is at least 25~ the depth of grooves 30 in between projections 16. It is desirable that the notches or sipes 32 do not extend axially across rib 14 more than 50% of the axial width of the rib 14.
Adjacent longitudinal edges 18 of rib 14 are continuous circumferentially extending grooves 20.
Preferably there are no other continuous grooves in tread 12 which extend substantially about the circumference of tire 10.
Extending from each central groove 20 axially outward to the nearest respective tread edge 24 are a plurality of lateral grooves 22. The lateral grooves 22 extend from said central grooves to tread edges 24 in a substantially uninterrupted manner. For the purpose of this invention~ a substantially uninterrupted groove shall be defined as a groove in which its width remains substantially the same over its entire length. In order to improve water removal from the contact area of the tire, grooves 22 preferably extend in a substantially radial direction in the areas of high unit pressure.
The unit pressure exerted on a tire in the footprint thereof generally varies axially across the tread 12;
this variation being more pronounced in passenger tires.
The unit pressure is greatest at the lateral edges of ~ 4 ~ 7 ~
the tread and decreases to a low somewhere in between the tread edge and the mid-circumferential centerplane CP of the tire and then gradually increases to a higher unit pressure in the central area of the tread, the highest unit pressures occurring at the lateral edges. A
graphical represen~ation of the unit pressure as viewed in a radial cross-sectional plane would be in the shape of a "W"~ the peaks being at the shoulder areas and at the center line. Therefore, lateral grooves 22 in the central portion of the tread extend substantially in a radial direction from central grooves 20 to a point spaced approximately a distance of 10% to 20~, preferably 15%, of the tread width W from the centerplane CP.
Grooves 22~ from this point~ travel in a direction such that it forms an angle which is equal to or greater than 50 with respect to the mid-circumferential plane CP of the tire 10 to a point spaced a distance from the tread edge approximately 15~ to 25%~ preferably 2 ~ ~ of the tread width W and then travels in a substantially radial direction.
The tread 12 is such that the net to gross ratio is less than 65%. For the purposes of this invention, net to gross is defined as the ratio between the area of the tread that is in actual contact with the road as a percentage of the total gross area of the footprint.
In the embodiment illustrated~ the projections 16 are illustrated as block-type in configuration. However, it should be understood that projections 16 may take many other forms. For example, Fig. 2 illustrates an 1 1~ 4 ~
alternative configuration of projections 16. The tread illustrated in Fig. 2 is a plurality of projections 116 provided with internal blading. It can further be seen that grooves 122a which correspond to grooves 22 in Fig. 1, need not be straight but may have small jogs therein, preferably, these jogs are no greater than the width of the lateral grooves in the tread 12.
While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention~ it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and other modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention.
Background of the Invention This invention relates to pneumatic tires, more particularly to the tread portion of a pneumatic tire.
It is well-known in the tire industry that the choice of a particular tread design involves trade-off between specific tire performance characteristics in order to achieve the over-all desired tire performance. For example, a tread design which has good wet traction or snow traction generally has poor dry traction, handling, and/or noise levels; a tire which generally has good dry traction, handling and tread wear characteristics generally has poor wet and snow traction.
Conflicting tire characteristics such as these make it difficult to produce a tread pattern suitable for the various road conditions experienced during the entire year.
Applicants have discovered a particular tread arrangement suitable for use in all seasons which provides for good wet and snow traction while still maintaining good dry traction, tread wear, noise levels and handling.
Summary of the Invention In accordance with one aspect of this invention there is provided a tread for a pneumatic tire comprising a con-tinuous circumferentially extending rib located substantially in the central portion of the tread; a plurality of independent projections placed circumferentially about the tire so as to provide two circumferentially extending grooves, one on either side of said central rib, and a plurality of lateral grooves which extend from each of said central grooves axially out-ward to its closest respective tread edge.
Brief Description of the Drawing Fig. 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a tread of a pneumatic tire made in accordance with the present invention;
and Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of a modified tread of a pneumatic -tire made in accordance wi-th the presen~ invention.
p$tai1~-ls~ Lt n-5 ~ L.~L -~
Re~`erring to the drawing, there ls lllustrated a fragmentary view of a tlre :L0 made in accordance with the present invention having a -tread portion 12. I-t should be understood that the tread portion 12 extends circumferentially about the tire 10 in like manner. The tread por-tion 12 comprises of a circumferentially extending central rib 14 and a plurality of independent projections or buttons 16 placed in the remaining portion.
For the purposes of this invention~ an independent projection or button shall be considered a projection which has its length substantially less than one-half the width of the footprint of the tire.
The central rib lL~ is continuous without any a~ial breaks, that is~ without any notches~ bladings or other features which extend continuously axially across the rib 14 and is loca-ted substantially in the central portion of tread portion 12. The axial edges 18 of rib 14 form an angle with the mid-circumferential plane not greater than 10~ preferably~ the edges 18 form an angle not greater than 5. The width of rib 14 may range from about 5~ to 20% of the tread width W, preferably approximately 12%. For the purposes of this invention~ -the tread width W is the axial distance between the tread edges as measured from the footprint of the tire inflated to design inflation pressures and at rated load. The rib 14 ~4479 contributes to noise reduction by minimizing vibrations in the central portion of the tread 12. The central rib 14 may be further provided with substantially axially extending sipes or notches for improved traction, preferably, the radial depth of these sipes or notches is at least 25~ the depth of grooves 30 in between projections 16. It is desirable that the notches or sipes 32 do not extend axially across rib 14 more than 50% of the axial width of the rib 14.
Adjacent longitudinal edges 18 of rib 14 are continuous circumferentially extending grooves 20.
Preferably there are no other continuous grooves in tread 12 which extend substantially about the circumference of tire 10.
Extending from each central groove 20 axially outward to the nearest respective tread edge 24 are a plurality of lateral grooves 22. The lateral grooves 22 extend from said central grooves to tread edges 24 in a substantially uninterrupted manner. For the purpose of this invention~ a substantially uninterrupted groove shall be defined as a groove in which its width remains substantially the same over its entire length. In order to improve water removal from the contact area of the tire, grooves 22 preferably extend in a substantially radial direction in the areas of high unit pressure.
The unit pressure exerted on a tire in the footprint thereof generally varies axially across the tread 12;
this variation being more pronounced in passenger tires.
The unit pressure is greatest at the lateral edges of ~ 4 ~ 7 ~
the tread and decreases to a low somewhere in between the tread edge and the mid-circumferential centerplane CP of the tire and then gradually increases to a higher unit pressure in the central area of the tread, the highest unit pressures occurring at the lateral edges. A
graphical represen~ation of the unit pressure as viewed in a radial cross-sectional plane would be in the shape of a "W"~ the peaks being at the shoulder areas and at the center line. Therefore, lateral grooves 22 in the central portion of the tread extend substantially in a radial direction from central grooves 20 to a point spaced approximately a distance of 10% to 20~, preferably 15%, of the tread width W from the centerplane CP.
Grooves 22~ from this point~ travel in a direction such that it forms an angle which is equal to or greater than 50 with respect to the mid-circumferential plane CP of the tire 10 to a point spaced a distance from the tread edge approximately 15~ to 25%~ preferably 2 ~ ~ of the tread width W and then travels in a substantially radial direction.
The tread 12 is such that the net to gross ratio is less than 65%. For the purposes of this invention, net to gross is defined as the ratio between the area of the tread that is in actual contact with the road as a percentage of the total gross area of the footprint.
In the embodiment illustrated~ the projections 16 are illustrated as block-type in configuration. However, it should be understood that projections 16 may take many other forms. For example, Fig. 2 illustrates an 1 1~ 4 ~
alternative configuration of projections 16. The tread illustrated in Fig. 2 is a plurality of projections 116 provided with internal blading. It can further be seen that grooves 122a which correspond to grooves 22 in Fig. 1, need not be straight but may have small jogs therein, preferably, these jogs are no greater than the width of the lateral grooves in the tread 12.
While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention~ it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and other modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A tread for a pneumatic tire comprising a continuous circumferentially extending rib located substantially in the central portion of the tread;
a plurality of independent projections placed circum-ferentially about the tire so as to provide two circumferentially extending grooves, one on either side of said central rib, and a plurality of lateral grooves which extend from each of said central grooves axially outward to its closest respective tread edge.
a plurality of independent projections placed circum-ferentially about the tire so as to provide two circumferentially extending grooves, one on either side of said central rib, and a plurality of lateral grooves which extend from each of said central grooves axially outward to its closest respective tread edge.
2. A tread according to claim 1 wherein said central rib has an axial width ranging from about 5% to 20%
of the width of said tread.
of the width of said tread.
3. A tread according to claim 2 wherein said central rib has an axial width of about 12% of the width of said tread.
4. A tread according to claim 1 wherein said lateral grooves follow a substantially radial path from said central grooves axially outward to a first point spaced from the mid-circumferential plane of said tire a distance of approximately 10% to 20% of the width of said tread, and then follow a path from said first point such that said lateral grooves form an angle of at least 50° with respect to the mid-circumferential plane of said tire to a second point spaced from said tread edge a distance of about 15% to 25% of said width of said tread, said lateral grooves following a path from said second point axially outward in a substantially radial direction to said tread edge.
5. A tread according to claim 4 wherein said lateral grooves follow a substantially radial path from said central grooves axially outward to a first point spaced from the mid-circumferential plane of said tire a distance of about 15% of the width of said tread, and then follow a path from said first point such that said lateral grooves form an angle of at least 50° with respect to the mid-circumferential plane of said tire to a second point spaced from said tread edge a distance of about 20% of said width of said tread, said lateral grooves following a path from said second point axially outward in a substantially radial direction to said tread edge.
6. A tread according to claim 1 wherein said tread has a net to gross of less than 65%.
7. A tread for a pneumatic tire comprising a continuous circumferentially extending rib located substantially in the central portion of the tread;
a plurality of independent projections placed circum-ferentially about the tire so as to provide two circumferentially extending grooves, one on either side of said central rib, and a plurality of lateral grooves which extend from each of said central grooves axially outward to its closest respective tread edge, said lateral grooves following a substantially radial path from said central grooves axially outward to a first point spaced from the mid-circumferential plane of said tire a distance of approximately 10% to 20% of the width of said tread and then following a path from said first point such that said lateral grooves form an angle of at least 50° with respect to the mid-circumferential plane of said tire to a second point spaced from said tread edge a distance of about 15% to 25% of said width of said tread, said lateral grooves following a path from said second point axially outward in a substantially radial direction to said tread edge, and said tread having a net to gross of less than 65%.
a plurality of independent projections placed circum-ferentially about the tire so as to provide two circumferentially extending grooves, one on either side of said central rib, and a plurality of lateral grooves which extend from each of said central grooves axially outward to its closest respective tread edge, said lateral grooves following a substantially radial path from said central grooves axially outward to a first point spaced from the mid-circumferential plane of said tire a distance of approximately 10% to 20% of the width of said tread and then following a path from said first point such that said lateral grooves form an angle of at least 50° with respect to the mid-circumferential plane of said tire to a second point spaced from said tread edge a distance of about 15% to 25% of said width of said tread, said lateral grooves following a path from said second point axially outward in a substantially radial direction to said tread edge, and said tread having a net to gross of less than 65%.
8. A tread according to claim 1 wherein said central rib is provided with a plurality of sipes or notches, said sipes or notches extend axially across the width of said rib a distance not greater than 50%
the axial width of said rib, the depth of said sipes or notches being not less than 25% the depth of the grooves in between said projections.
the axial width of said rib, the depth of said sipes or notches being not less than 25% the depth of the grooves in between said projections.
9. A tread according to claim 7 wherein said central rib is provided with a plurality of sipes or notches, said sipes or notches extend axially across the width of said rib a distance not greater than 50%
the axial width of said rib, the depth of said sipes or notches being not less than 25% the depth of the grooves in between said projections.
the axial width of said rib, the depth of said sipes or notches being not less than 25% the depth of the grooves in between said projections.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US87778878A | 1978-02-14 | 1978-02-14 | |
| US877,788 | 1978-02-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1104479A true CA1104479A (en) | 1981-07-07 |
Family
ID=25370723
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA319,214A Expired CA1104479A (en) | 1978-02-14 | 1979-01-08 | Tread for a pneumatic tire |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPS54113105A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU522498B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7900797A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1104479A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2903670A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2416806B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2014091B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1112175B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU80827A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3005651A1 (en) * | 1980-02-15 | 1981-08-20 | Continental Gummi-Werke Ag, 3000 Hannover | RUNNING DESIGN FOR AIR TIRES |
| IT1134617B (en) * | 1980-12-05 | 1986-08-13 | Pirelli | TIRE FOR MOTOR VEHICLES WITH HIGH-BEHAVIOR DESIGN AND LOW NOISE DRAWING |
| JPS6018408A (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1985-01-30 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | Tire tread pattern |
| EP0175829B1 (en) * | 1984-08-28 | 1988-07-06 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tires |
| JPS61115703A (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1986-06-03 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Radial-ply tire for truck and bus |
| EP0351349B1 (en) * | 1988-07-11 | 1993-01-13 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Tire tread and tire |
| DE19548731C2 (en) * | 1995-12-23 | 2001-09-27 | Continental Ag | Radial tires |
| DE102007047497A1 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2009-04-09 | Continental Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle tires |
| JP6996584B2 (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-01-17 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | tire |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1505140A1 (en) * | 1963-01-16 | 1969-05-22 | Phoenix Gummiwerke Ag | Tread profiling for truck tires |
| DE1872663U (en) * | 1963-02-11 | 1963-05-22 | Phoenix Gummiwerke Ag | MOTOR VEHICLE TIRES. |
| AT288893B (en) * | 1968-08-30 | 1971-03-25 | Semperit Ag | Tread profiling for pneumatic tires |
| US3608602A (en) * | 1968-12-03 | 1971-09-28 | Uniroyal Inc | Stone rejecting tire tread and mold insert therefor |
| DE1959194A1 (en) * | 1969-11-25 | 1971-04-29 | Semperit Ag | tire |
| JPS494161A (en) * | 1972-05-04 | 1974-01-14 | ||
| DE2441063A1 (en) * | 1974-08-27 | 1976-03-18 | Dunlop Ag | TREAD PROFILING FOR VEHICLE AIR TIRES |
| DE2710825A1 (en) * | 1977-03-11 | 1978-09-14 | Uniroyal Ag | RUNNING PROFILE FOR AIR TIRES |
-
1979
- 1979-01-08 CA CA319,214A patent/CA1104479A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-11 AU AU43294/79A patent/AU522498B2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-18 FR FR7901238A patent/FR2416806B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-25 LU LU80827A patent/LU80827A1/en unknown
- 1979-01-31 DE DE19792903670 patent/DE2903670A1/en active Granted
- 1979-02-02 GB GB7903681A patent/GB2014091B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-09 BR BR7900797A patent/BR7900797A/en unknown
- 1979-02-13 JP JP1538879A patent/JPS54113105A/en active Pending
- 1979-02-13 IT IT20163/79A patent/IT1112175B/en active
-
1986
- 1986-05-07 JP JP1986067769U patent/JPS61183203U/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS54113105A (en) | 1979-09-04 |
| AU4329479A (en) | 1979-08-23 |
| FR2416806A1 (en) | 1979-09-07 |
| JPS61183203U (en) | 1986-11-15 |
| BR7900797A (en) | 1979-09-04 |
| IT7920163A0 (en) | 1979-02-13 |
| DE2903670C2 (en) | 1990-08-09 |
| LU80827A1 (en) | 1979-06-05 |
| IT1112175B (en) | 1986-01-13 |
| GB2014091A (en) | 1979-08-22 |
| AU522498B2 (en) | 1982-06-10 |
| GB2014091B (en) | 1982-12-22 |
| FR2416806B1 (en) | 1986-09-19 |
| DE2903670A1 (en) | 1979-08-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |