CA1103924A - Rub resistant ribbon for non-impact printing - Google Patents
Rub resistant ribbon for non-impact printingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1103924A CA1103924A CA309,378A CA309378A CA1103924A CA 1103924 A CA1103924 A CA 1103924A CA 309378 A CA309378 A CA 309378A CA 1103924 A CA1103924 A CA 1103924A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ribbon
- polymeric resin
- substrate
- impact printing
- electrically conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/382—Contact thermal transfer or sublimation processes
- B41M5/3825—Electric current carrying heat transfer sheets
Abstract
RUB RESISTANT RIBBON FOR NON-IMPACT PRINTING
Abstract of the Disclosure A ribbon for non-impact printing comprising an electrically conductive substrate and a transfer layer which comprises a thermoplastic polymeric resin which has a melting point of from 40° to 160°C and which is soluble in a solvent which does not harm the substrate.
Abstract of the Disclosure A ribbon for non-impact printing comprising an electrically conductive substrate and a transfer layer which comprises a thermoplastic polymeric resin which has a melting point of from 40° to 160°C and which is soluble in a solvent which does not harm the substrate.
Description
8 Field of the Invention :
9 The present invention is concerned with a ribbon for use in non-impact printing. In particular, it is concerned with 11 the transfer coating for such a ribbon. Printing is achieved 12 by transferring the transfer coating from a ribbon to paper 13 by means of local heating of the ribbon. Such localized 14 heating may be obtained, for example, by contacting the ribbon with point electrodes and a broad area contact electrode.
16 The high current densities in the neighborhood of the point 17 electrodes during an applied voltage pulse produce intense 18 local heating which causes transfer of transfer coating from 19 the ribbon to a paper in contact with the ribbon.
Prior Art 21 U. S. Patents 2,713,822 and 3,744,611 both describe non-22 impact printing processes employing a ribbon containing a 23 transfer coating and a substrate. In the prior ~rt the 24 transfer coating has been a mixture of carbon, dye and .
waxes which melt at from about 85 to about 90C. Such - 26 transfer coatings-have poor rub resistance. It is an object - , - :
27 of the present invention to provide a transfer coating for 28 non-impact printing which is rub resistant.
29 ~ Summary of the Invention ;30~ A ribbon formulation for use~in~non-impact printing has - 31 ~ been provided.~;The formulation is rub ~esistant and offers :
.~
, , '
9 The present invention is concerned with a ribbon for use in non-impact printing. In particular, it is concerned with 11 the transfer coating for such a ribbon. Printing is achieved 12 by transferring the transfer coating from a ribbon to paper 13 by means of local heating of the ribbon. Such localized 14 heating may be obtained, for example, by contacting the ribbon with point electrodes and a broad area contact electrode.
16 The high current densities in the neighborhood of the point 17 electrodes during an applied voltage pulse produce intense 18 local heating which causes transfer of transfer coating from 19 the ribbon to a paper in contact with the ribbon.
Prior Art 21 U. S. Patents 2,713,822 and 3,744,611 both describe non-22 impact printing processes employing a ribbon containing a 23 transfer coating and a substrate. In the prior ~rt the 24 transfer coating has been a mixture of carbon, dye and .
waxes which melt at from about 85 to about 90C. Such - 26 transfer coatings-have poor rub resistance. It is an object - , - :
27 of the present invention to provide a transfer coating for 28 non-impact printing which is rub resistant.
29 ~ Summary of the Invention ;30~ A ribbon formulation for use~in~non-impact printing has - 31 ~ been provided.~;The formulation is rub ~esistant and offers :
.~
, , '
2~
1 high resolution, dense printing. The transfer coating 2 comprises coloring material, for example, carbon black, one
1 high resolution, dense printing. The transfer coating 2 comprises coloring material, for example, carbon black, one
3 or more dyes, or both, and a thermoplastic polymeric resin
4 having a melting point between 40C and 160~C. It is also essential that the Ihermoplastic polymeric resin be soluble 6 in a solvent which does not attack the substrate.
7 Outstandingly good results have been obtained using 8 thermoplastic polymeric resins which are polyamides. Examples g of such polyamides are Versamid~polyamids produced by General Mills, Inc. Versamid~polyamides are the reaction products 11 of dibasic acids with diamines. They are based on polymerized 12 fatty acids or dimer acids, made by polymerizing unsaturated 13 fatty acids. These materials are well known to the art and 14 are discussed, for example, in the "Handbook of Adhesives,"
by Skeist, publlshed by Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New 16 York, New Yor~, 1962, beginning at pa~e 425.
17 - Other useful thermoplastic polymeric resins include 18 phenol-formaldehyde type resins such as Amberol~226 and 19 Amberol~ST137 from Rohm & Haas. Also useful thermoplastic ; o polymeric resins are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers such 21 as Elvax~from duPont.
22 Other thermoplastic polymeric resins include ætyrene ~: .
23 polymers and copolymers and blends thereof. For example, a 24 blend comprising 65% polystyrene and 35% n-butylmethacrylate.
Polystyrene may also be blended with other polymers, for ~26 example, coumerone-indene resin. Thermoplastic polymeric resins 27 are also made from polyols by forming rosin esters thereof.
28 It is necessary that the thermoplastic polymeric resin 29 used in the transfer medium be soluble in a solvent which does not harm the substrate of the ribbon. The preferred *tRI~DE, ~n~<s :~ `'`? ~
,. . .
.~ ' ' ' ' '" ' ' ' ',: :, ' ',, 1 subs-trate is a polycarbonate resin containing conductive 2 carbon particles. As examples of solvents which do not 3 attack the substrate, and in which the thermoplastic 4 polymeric resins are soluble, there may be mentioned alcohols, particularly n-propanol or isopropanol, and also mixtures 6 of one or more alcohol with water. Toluene is also a useful 7 solvent. By the use of such solvents, the transfer media 8 may be applied directly to the ribbon substrate during the g manufacturin~ process.
Tt is necessary that the transfer coating contain a 11 coloring material. Carbon blaek is generally preferred.
12 When desired, in addition to the earbon blaek, one or more 13 dyes may also be ineorporated. In general, about 30~ by-weight 14 of earbon blaek and about 3% by weight of dye will be ineor-porated in the transfer eoating.
16 The ribbons obtained aecording to the present invention 17 have excellent handling eharaeteristics. No transfer oeeurs 18 from the ribbon to the hands. When used in non-impaet 19 printing, the eoating transfers at energies equal to or less than that required for wax-based inks. Furthermore, transfer 21 does not oeeur upon impaet.
22 The partieular most desirable feature of printing done 23 by a non-impaet process using a ribbon of the present invention 24 eontaining a suitable thermoplastie polymerie resin is that the printing is both dry and wet rub resistant and offers 26 high resolution and exeellent appearanee.
27 The following examples are given solely for purposes of 28 illustration and are not to be eonsidered ]imitations on the 29 invention, many variations of whieh are possible without departing from the spirit or seope thereof.
~ , . ' ' ' ' ~
3~:4 2 19.2 gms of a polyamide (General Mills Versamid 950) 3 was dissolved in 89 gms of propyl alcohol. Added to the 4 solution was 2.84 gms of carbon (Degussa~Special Black 4) and 0.28 gms of ~ethyl Violet dye. The mixture was then 6 dispersed by vigorous stirring for 45 minutes.
7 The dispersion was then cast onto a substrate of 70 8 polycarbonate and 30% conductive carbon, said substrate 9 having a sheet resistivity of approximately 400 ohms/sq.
The thermoplastic polymeric resin transfer coating was then 11 dried to remove excess solvent. Dry thickness o~ the ink 12 layer was 5 microns.
13 The ribbon was mounted on a print rohot with the ink 14 surface against the paper. A print head consisting of two mil tungsten electrodes was engaged against the backside of the 16 ribbon. The printer was operated at a speed of 10 inches/sec.
17 and power of 35 volts, 80 milliamps, and at a pulse duration 18 of one millisecond. On removal from the robot a dense black, ~19 high resolution print on paper was observed~ The print was 2C ~ resistant to mechanical abrasion, both wet and dry.
23~ The same ribbon configuration as described in Example 1 ~ ~ :
24 ~was placed on the robot and operated at 10 inches/sec. without ~ ~ the use of electrical current. Qn removal no print was ~ ~ :
26 ~ observed. Thi~ experiment showed the ribbon to be impact 27 ~ resistant, and also showed that print could be obtained only 28 through the use of current causing the thermoplastic po~ymeric 29~; resin t~ansfer~coating to melt and adhere to paper or another image receiver.
~TR~D~ ~R~
SA97~7036 ~ 4-.. . .. . . . .
.
3~24 2 A transfer coating was prepared in the same manner as 3 Example 1. The dispersion was then cast onto a substrate 4 such as described in Example 1 except that an intermediate :Layer of 1000 A of evaporated aluminum had been deposited on 6 the substrate, offering a highly conductive ground plane.
7 The ribbon was then mounted on the robot and printed at 8 a speed of 10 inches/sec. With this configuration, print 9 energies of 13 volts and 60 milliamps were sufficient to obtain a black, rub resistant print on paper.
13 A transfer coating was prepared in the same manner as 14 Example 1 except the carbon was replaced with a color pigment, Litho Red. The transfer coating was coated onto a substrate 16 described in Example 1. When printed on the robot, a red, 17 rub resistant print was observed.
19 ~; EXAMPLE 5 20 ~ A ribbon was prepared in the same manner described in ;2~ Example 1 except the carbon was replaced with a colored pigment 22 known as Victoria Blue. When printed, a blue rub resistant 23~ ~ ima~e was observed.
25~ EXAMPLE 6 26~ A~ribbon~was~prepared in the same manner described in 27 ~ Example 1 except the carbon was replaced with a colored pigment 28~ known`as Elgin;Green.~ When printed, a ~reen rub resistant 29 ~ image was obseFved.
30~
~SA977036 ~ -S-. : . :. , ~ ' ' ., .. .
... . . .
2 A ribbon was prepared in the same manner described in 3 Example 1 except the Versamid resin was replaced with the 4 thermoplastic polymeric resin known as Amberol ST137, which is a phenol-formaldehyde from Rohm and Haas, and which has a 6 melt range of 60-70C. Upon printing, a black, rub resistant 7 image was observed.
A ribbon was prepared in the same manner as described 11 in Example 1 except the Versamid was replaced with the 12 thermoplastic polymeric resin known as Elvax, which is 13 copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate with a softening 14 point of 130C and whieh is available from duPont. Addi-tionally, the transfer eoating was coated out of toluene 16 rather than alcohols. Upon printing, a black, rub resistant 17 image was observed.
l g ~20 ~22 ;23 l : ~
,: : . :
~ ~ 29 , ~
.
~ :
,: ,: : ' ' . .
7 Outstandingly good results have been obtained using 8 thermoplastic polymeric resins which are polyamides. Examples g of such polyamides are Versamid~polyamids produced by General Mills, Inc. Versamid~polyamides are the reaction products 11 of dibasic acids with diamines. They are based on polymerized 12 fatty acids or dimer acids, made by polymerizing unsaturated 13 fatty acids. These materials are well known to the art and 14 are discussed, for example, in the "Handbook of Adhesives,"
by Skeist, publlshed by Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New 16 York, New Yor~, 1962, beginning at pa~e 425.
17 - Other useful thermoplastic polymeric resins include 18 phenol-formaldehyde type resins such as Amberol~226 and 19 Amberol~ST137 from Rohm & Haas. Also useful thermoplastic ; o polymeric resins are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers such 21 as Elvax~from duPont.
22 Other thermoplastic polymeric resins include ætyrene ~: .
23 polymers and copolymers and blends thereof. For example, a 24 blend comprising 65% polystyrene and 35% n-butylmethacrylate.
Polystyrene may also be blended with other polymers, for ~26 example, coumerone-indene resin. Thermoplastic polymeric resins 27 are also made from polyols by forming rosin esters thereof.
28 It is necessary that the thermoplastic polymeric resin 29 used in the transfer medium be soluble in a solvent which does not harm the substrate of the ribbon. The preferred *tRI~DE, ~n~<s :~ `'`? ~
,. . .
.~ ' ' ' ' '" ' ' ' ',: :, ' ',, 1 subs-trate is a polycarbonate resin containing conductive 2 carbon particles. As examples of solvents which do not 3 attack the substrate, and in which the thermoplastic 4 polymeric resins are soluble, there may be mentioned alcohols, particularly n-propanol or isopropanol, and also mixtures 6 of one or more alcohol with water. Toluene is also a useful 7 solvent. By the use of such solvents, the transfer media 8 may be applied directly to the ribbon substrate during the g manufacturin~ process.
Tt is necessary that the transfer coating contain a 11 coloring material. Carbon blaek is generally preferred.
12 When desired, in addition to the earbon blaek, one or more 13 dyes may also be ineorporated. In general, about 30~ by-weight 14 of earbon blaek and about 3% by weight of dye will be ineor-porated in the transfer eoating.
16 The ribbons obtained aecording to the present invention 17 have excellent handling eharaeteristics. No transfer oeeurs 18 from the ribbon to the hands. When used in non-impaet 19 printing, the eoating transfers at energies equal to or less than that required for wax-based inks. Furthermore, transfer 21 does not oeeur upon impaet.
22 The partieular most desirable feature of printing done 23 by a non-impaet process using a ribbon of the present invention 24 eontaining a suitable thermoplastie polymerie resin is that the printing is both dry and wet rub resistant and offers 26 high resolution and exeellent appearanee.
27 The following examples are given solely for purposes of 28 illustration and are not to be eonsidered ]imitations on the 29 invention, many variations of whieh are possible without departing from the spirit or seope thereof.
~ , . ' ' ' ' ~
3~:4 2 19.2 gms of a polyamide (General Mills Versamid 950) 3 was dissolved in 89 gms of propyl alcohol. Added to the 4 solution was 2.84 gms of carbon (Degussa~Special Black 4) and 0.28 gms of ~ethyl Violet dye. The mixture was then 6 dispersed by vigorous stirring for 45 minutes.
7 The dispersion was then cast onto a substrate of 70 8 polycarbonate and 30% conductive carbon, said substrate 9 having a sheet resistivity of approximately 400 ohms/sq.
The thermoplastic polymeric resin transfer coating was then 11 dried to remove excess solvent. Dry thickness o~ the ink 12 layer was 5 microns.
13 The ribbon was mounted on a print rohot with the ink 14 surface against the paper. A print head consisting of two mil tungsten electrodes was engaged against the backside of the 16 ribbon. The printer was operated at a speed of 10 inches/sec.
17 and power of 35 volts, 80 milliamps, and at a pulse duration 18 of one millisecond. On removal from the robot a dense black, ~19 high resolution print on paper was observed~ The print was 2C ~ resistant to mechanical abrasion, both wet and dry.
23~ The same ribbon configuration as described in Example 1 ~ ~ :
24 ~was placed on the robot and operated at 10 inches/sec. without ~ ~ the use of electrical current. Qn removal no print was ~ ~ :
26 ~ observed. Thi~ experiment showed the ribbon to be impact 27 ~ resistant, and also showed that print could be obtained only 28 through the use of current causing the thermoplastic po~ymeric 29~; resin t~ansfer~coating to melt and adhere to paper or another image receiver.
~TR~D~ ~R~
SA97~7036 ~ 4-.. . .. . . . .
.
3~24 2 A transfer coating was prepared in the same manner as 3 Example 1. The dispersion was then cast onto a substrate 4 such as described in Example 1 except that an intermediate :Layer of 1000 A of evaporated aluminum had been deposited on 6 the substrate, offering a highly conductive ground plane.
7 The ribbon was then mounted on the robot and printed at 8 a speed of 10 inches/sec. With this configuration, print 9 energies of 13 volts and 60 milliamps were sufficient to obtain a black, rub resistant print on paper.
13 A transfer coating was prepared in the same manner as 14 Example 1 except the carbon was replaced with a color pigment, Litho Red. The transfer coating was coated onto a substrate 16 described in Example 1. When printed on the robot, a red, 17 rub resistant print was observed.
19 ~; EXAMPLE 5 20 ~ A ribbon was prepared in the same manner described in ;2~ Example 1 except the carbon was replaced with a colored pigment 22 known as Victoria Blue. When printed, a blue rub resistant 23~ ~ ima~e was observed.
25~ EXAMPLE 6 26~ A~ribbon~was~prepared in the same manner described in 27 ~ Example 1 except the carbon was replaced with a colored pigment 28~ known`as Elgin;Green.~ When printed, a ~reen rub resistant 29 ~ image was obseFved.
30~
~SA977036 ~ -S-. : . :. , ~ ' ' ., .. .
... . . .
2 A ribbon was prepared in the same manner described in 3 Example 1 except the Versamid resin was replaced with the 4 thermoplastic polymeric resin known as Amberol ST137, which is a phenol-formaldehyde from Rohm and Haas, and which has a 6 melt range of 60-70C. Upon printing, a black, rub resistant 7 image was observed.
A ribbon was prepared in the same manner as described 11 in Example 1 except the Versamid was replaced with the 12 thermoplastic polymeric resin known as Elvax, which is 13 copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate with a softening 14 point of 130C and whieh is available from duPont. Addi-tionally, the transfer eoating was coated out of toluene 16 rather than alcohols. Upon printing, a black, rub resistant 17 image was observed.
l g ~20 ~22 ;23 l : ~
,: : . :
~ ~ 29 , ~
.
~ :
,: ,: : ' ' . .
Claims (5)
1. A ribbon for non-impact printing comprising an electrically conductive substrate and a transfer layer which comprises coloring material and a thermoplastic polymeric resin which has a melting point of from 40°C to 160°C and which is soluble in a solvent which will not harm the substrate.
2. A ribbon as claimed in claim 1 wherein the thermo-plastic polymeric resin is a polyamide.
3. A ribbon as claimed in claim 1 wherein the thermo-plastic polymeric resin is a phenol-formaldehyde condensation product.
4. A ribbon as claimed in claim 1 wherein the thermo-plastic polymeric resin is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
5. A ribbon as claimed in claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive substrate is a polycarbonate resin containing electrically conductive particles of carbon black.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US86066377A | 1977-12-15 | 1977-12-15 | |
| US860,663 | 1986-05-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1103924A true CA1103924A (en) | 1981-06-30 |
Family
ID=25333738
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA309,378A Expired CA1103924A (en) | 1977-12-15 | 1978-08-15 | Rub resistant ribbon for non-impact printing |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5487234A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1103924A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2847071A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2411712A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2010515B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1160298B (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4253775A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-03-03 | Ibm Corporation | Apparatus for re-inking a ribbon in a thermal transfer printing system |
| US4309117A (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1982-01-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ribbon configuration for resistive ribbon thermal transfer printing |
| US4269892A (en) * | 1980-02-04 | 1981-05-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Polyester ribbon for non-impact printing |
| US4268368A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1981-05-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electrophoretical method for selectively reinking resistive ribbon thermal transfer printing ribbons |
| US4291994A (en) * | 1980-03-27 | 1981-09-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Tear resistant ribbon for non-impact printing |
| US4400100A (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1983-08-23 | International Business Machines Corp. | Four layered ribbon for electrothermal printing |
| JPS57160691A (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1982-10-04 | Fujitsu Ltd | Ink composition for heat transfer recording and heat transfer recording ink sheet employing said composition |
| DE3218732A1 (en) * | 1981-05-20 | 1982-12-09 | Ricoh Co., Ltd., Tokyo | RIBBON FOR ELECTROTHERMAL IMPACT-FREE RECORDING |
| JPS57191091A (en) * | 1981-05-20 | 1982-11-24 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Ink sheet |
| AT384585B (en) * | 1981-06-27 | 1987-12-10 | Pelikan Ag | OVERLAPPING OVERWRITABLE RIBBON |
| US4384797A (en) * | 1981-08-13 | 1983-05-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Single laminated element for thermal printing and lift-off correction, control therefor, and process |
| IT1145104B (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1986-11-05 | Olivetti & Co Spa | THERMAL SENSITIVE INK ELEMENT FOR PRINTERS WITHOUT THERMAL IMPACT |
| US4470714A (en) * | 1982-03-10 | 1984-09-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Metal-semiconductor resistive ribbon for thermal transfer printing and method for using |
| IT1158916B (en) * | 1983-03-30 | 1987-02-25 | Olivetti & Co Spa | HEAT-SENSITIVE INK ELEMENT FOR PRINTERS WITHOUT THERMAL TYPE IMPACT |
| IT1203667B (en) * | 1983-03-30 | 1989-02-15 | Olivetti & Co Spa | HEAT-SENSITIVE INK ELEMENT FOR HIGH SPEED THERMAL PRINTERS |
| JPS6151388A (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1986-03-13 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Thermal transfer sheet |
| JPH0725224B2 (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1995-03-22 | ユニオンケミカー株式会社 | Thermal transfer recording medium |
| GB2176903B (en) * | 1985-04-24 | 1989-08-02 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Image recording material for heat sensitive hot-melt transfer recording. |
| DE3623483A1 (en) * | 1985-07-11 | 1987-01-15 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | HEAT-SENSITIVE RECORDING MATERIAL |
| DE3635141C1 (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1988-03-03 | Pelikan Ag | Thermocarbon tape with a plastic-bound melting ink and a process for producing this tape |
| FR2635109B1 (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1994-06-03 | Regma | INK COMPOSITIONS FOR REUSABLE THERMAL TRANSFER RECORDING MATERIALS AND REUSABLE RECORDING MATERIAL |
| US5178930A (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1993-01-12 | Kao Corporation | Thermal transfer recording medium |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL277747A (en) * | 1961-05-03 | |||
| DE1935003A1 (en) * | 1969-07-10 | 1971-07-22 | Basf Ag | Phenolic binders for printing inks |
| DE2100611C3 (en) * | 1970-01-09 | 1978-05-03 | Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A., Ivrea, Turin (Italien) | Electrothermal printing device |
| JPS5147342B2 (en) * | 1971-12-24 | 1976-12-14 | ||
| IL42642A (en) * | 1972-08-03 | 1976-11-30 | Ibm | Transfer medium for imprinting adhesively eradicable ink layer |
| JPS5512394B2 (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1980-04-01 | ||
| JPS512008A (en) * | 1974-06-24 | 1976-01-09 | Daiichi Kikai Kogyo Kk | SUKUIZUSHIKI SURARIIHONPU |
| JPS5130746A (en) * | 1974-09-07 | 1976-03-16 | Nippon Koresu Kk | |
| JPS5217033A (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1977-02-08 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Electroconductive thermal printing process |
-
1978
- 1978-08-01 GB GB7831889A patent/GB2010515B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-15 CA CA309,378A patent/CA1103924A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-26 JP JP11753478A patent/JPS5487234A/en active Pending
- 1978-10-28 DE DE19782847071 patent/DE2847071A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-11-06 FR FR7832172A patent/FR2411712A1/en active Granted
- 1978-12-01 IT IT30417/78A patent/IT1160298B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2411712A1 (en) | 1979-07-13 |
| DE2847071A1 (en) | 1979-06-28 |
| GB2010515A (en) | 1979-06-27 |
| JPS5487234A (en) | 1979-07-11 |
| IT1160298B (en) | 1987-03-11 |
| FR2411712B1 (en) | 1984-02-17 |
| IT7830417A0 (en) | 1978-12-01 |
| GB2010515B (en) | 1982-04-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |