CA1084546A - Bearing seal - Google Patents
Bearing sealInfo
- Publication number
- CA1084546A CA1084546A CA305,208A CA305208A CA1084546A CA 1084546 A CA1084546 A CA 1084546A CA 305208 A CA305208 A CA 305208A CA 1084546 A CA1084546 A CA 1084546A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sealing
- carrier
- axle
- inner ring
- ribs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Sealing Of Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A bearing seal for use on axle bearings on rail cars or the like, which includes a sealing ring adapted to be inserted into a seal pocket of an axle-box, the sealing ring being made of a resilient material, and which is apertured to receive an axle, the sealing ring comprising an inner ring held resiliently and displaceably within an outer carrier, the carrier is provided in the vicinity of the inner ring and on both sides of the carrier with sealing ribs which cooperate with the pocket to prevent lubricant escaping from the axle box.
A bearing seal for use on axle bearings on rail cars or the like, which includes a sealing ring adapted to be inserted into a seal pocket of an axle-box, the sealing ring being made of a resilient material, and which is apertured to receive an axle, the sealing ring comprising an inner ring held resiliently and displaceably within an outer carrier, the carrier is provided in the vicinity of the inner ring and on both sides of the carrier with sealing ribs which cooperate with the pocket to prevent lubricant escaping from the axle box.
Description
10~4S46 .
This invention relates to a bearing seal. It more par-ticularly relates to bearing seals of the type used for sealing axle bearings on rail cars. Reference may be had to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings herein which, apart from the bearing seal, illustrate an axle box arrangement well known in the prior art.
It is commonly known to have a sealing ring which is adapted to be inserted into a seal pocket of an axle box and which is made of a resilient material, and further which is provided with an aperture adapted to suit the diameter of the axle for accommodat-ing the axle, the sealing ring comprising an inner ring heldresiliently and displaceably within an outer carrier.
In the above-mentioned prior art example arrangement, the edge of the surface of the outer carrier facing the axle-box housing is provided with peripheral sealing ribs which, after the carrier has been mounted in the pocket, bear against the wall surface of the axle-box housing.
The major disadvantage of this known arrangement is that the pre-load, produced by the material of which the carrier is made, against the wall surface of the axle-box housing is not always sufficient to prevent the lubricant in the axle-box housing from escaping into the pocket.
It is therefore a prime object of the present invention to provide a bearing seal of the type discussed above which provides complete sealing of the axle-box housing, even wherein the design of axle-box housings and pockets vary, and also to ensure ease of assembly of the seal.
According to the present invention, this purpose is achieved in that the carrier is provided, in the vicinity of the inner ring and on both sides thereof, with resilient peripheral sealing ribs or the like ~hich, in the assembled condition, bear with their outer edges, around their entire peripheries and under pre-load, against the two opposing walls ~08~546 of the pocket in the axle-box housing.
This arrangement ensures a reliable seal within the pocket in the axle-box housing, without any additional carrier retainers or tensioning devices.
It is desirable, in this connection, for the sealing ribs arranged on both sides, to be arranged as close as possible to the inner ring of the carrier, i.e., they should surround the inner ring circularly and should be equidistant therefrom.
Additional sealing ribs of this kind may be provided, preferably three in number arranged concentrically.
As a variation of the arrangement, according to the present invention, additional sealing may be obtained by providing apexed outer surfaces in the vicinity of the groove in the inner ring provided, in this arrangement, for the accommodation of sealing twine and facing the axle, the internal edges of the said outer surfaces forming lip seals and bearing against the axle. This arrangement may be such that, in the initial operating condition, only the sealing means, i.e., the sealing twine, located in the groove, bears against the axle in order to provide a seal, but as soon as this seal becomes worn, the lip seals bear against the axle and take over the sealing function. This extends the life of the seal according to the present invention considerably. For this reason, the inside diameter of the annular lip seals must be smaller than the outside diameter of the axle in the vicinity of the sealing surface.
For the purpose of improving still further the sealing of the carrier in the pocket in the axle-box housing, and also to ensure accurate positioning, it is desirable to provide, in addition to the sealing ribs surrounding the inner ring, support ribs which are arranged on both sides of the carrier surfaces and which run around in the vicinity of the edges of the carrier.
8~5~6 In order that this may not in any way impair the action of the sealing ribs, it is desirable for these support ribs to be rather shorter in cross section, and possibly also stiffer, than the peripheral sealing ribs as shown in Figure 3.
Here again, a plurality of support ribs, running parallel and concentrically with each other, may be provided, with two or three support ribs arranged side by side.
Furthermore, an additional sealing rib may be arranged at least in the vicinity of the closing edge of the carrier, the width of the said rib corresponding to the width of the sealing ribs of the inner ring. The purpose of this additional sealing rib is to close off and seal the top of the pocket, thus prevent-ing the entry of any dust or dirt. For--this purpose, the ends of the upper sealing rib may be provided with overhanging flaps which bear against the end and outer surfaces of the pocket defining the slot therein.
The two vertical edges of this carrier, adjacent the upper horizontal edge thereof, may also be provided with sealing ribs of this kind which can extend at least as far as the peripheral sealing ribs in the vicinity of the inner ring. In addition to their sealing function, these two vertical sealing ribs may provide additional guidance and retention of the carrier in the pocket.
In the case of the bearing seal according to the present invention, the resiliency of the inner ring is particularly produced by, among other things, the carrier being cup-shaped and thus constituting a bellows-like retainer for the inner ring.
According to another example of embodiment, a bellows-like fold surrounding the inner ring is arranged in the plane of the carrier, so that the central plane of the inner ring also lies in the central plane of the carrier. The results of practical tests have shown that a single fold is sufficient, but more may be provided if desired.
108~46 For convenience, the carrier may also be of the same shape as the axle-box pocket, i.e., it may, if desired, be substantially rectangular, so that even below the inner ring -and the peripheral sealing ribs, the corners of the pocket are filled by the carrier and its support ribs. This prevents the formation of an oil sump in the lower part of the pocket.
In this case, in particular, the shape of the carrier may be such that the undersurface thereof lies against the bottom of the pocket, under pre-load, in the assembled condition with the axle inserted.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bearing seal for the axle bearings of rail vehicles, the said seal having a sealing ring adapted to be inserted into a pocket in the axle-box, the said sealing ring being made of a resilient material and comprising an opening matching the diameter of the axle and accommodating the said axle, and an inner ring which is held, with the interposition of a bellows-li~e fold, resiliently and displaceably in an outer carrier integral with the said inner ring, the said carrier being sealed with sealing means into the axle-box pocket, charac-terized in that the sealing means consist, in a manner known per se, of sealing ribs which are arranged on each side of the carrier, which surround the inner ring circularly, and whlch are at an equal distance therefrom, and in that provided in addition to the sealing ribs surrounding the inner ring are support ribs which are arranged, on both sides, upon the sur-faces of the carrier, and which run in the vicinity of the edges of the said carrier, the said support ribs being somewhat shorter in cross-section than the sealing ribs surrounding the inner ring.
~ he invention is illustrated by way of example in the following drawings wherein:
~08~S46 Figure 1 is an oblique view of an axle box in which the invention is used, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional elevation of the sealing ring according to the invention, with its carrier, inserted into the pocket in the axle-box housing; and Figure 3 is a cross-section taken along line III-III
in Figure 2.
Figure 1 illustrates an axle-bearing housing, having a so-called axle-box 1 in which a bearing bush 2, stepped in relation to the housing, is displaceably arranged and which serves to absorb the wheel forces transferred through stub-axle 3.
Adjacent where axle 3 enters axle-box 1, there is provided an upwardly-facing open pocket 4 in which a sealing ring 5 (see Figure 2) may be inserted. Axle-box 1 is filled with lubricant, and the purpose of sealing ring 5 is to prevent the escape of lubricant to the axle or wheel, i.e., towards the right in Figure 1.
Referring to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, a carrier 25 for sealing ring 5 is provided, in the vicinity of inner ring 26, having resilient peripheral sealing ribs 27, outer -4a-108454~
edges 27a (see Figure 3) of which, when the seal is assembled, bear, around their entire peripheries, under pre-load, against the ~pposing walls of pocket 4 in axle-box housing 1. As shown, this example of embodiment has three sealing ribs 27 arranged concentrically with inner ring 26.
In addition to sealing ribs 27, support ribs 28 are provided on both sides of carrier 25, said support ribs, as shown in Figure 3, are cross-sectionally shorter, and possibly stiffer, than sealing ribs 27. These support ribs 28 are located in the vicinity of the edges of carrier 25 and parallel therewith. In the example illustrated and which is best seen in Figure 2, there are two support ribs at the top and three at the bottom. Where sealing ribs 27 reach the outer edges of carrier 25, they replace said support ribs 28, i.e., in these areas the support ribs 28 end in front of the peripheral sealing ribs 27.
Located in the vicinity of the upper pocket closing edge of carrier 25 is a further sealing rib 29, the width of which is equal to that of inner ring sealing ribs 27. Sealing rib 29 is designed to close off the top of pocket 4, being provided, for this purpose, with projecting flaps 29a at respective ends thereof, said flaps 29a bearing against the ends and outer surfaces defining the entry 4a into pocket 4, and against the corresponding inner wall of said pocket.
Furthermore, the vertical edges of carrier 25, adjacent the top horizontal edge thereof, may also be provided with vertical sealing ribs 30 which extend, as shown in the example illustrated, as far as inner ring sealing ribs 27. Below sealing ribs 27, sealing rib 30 is replaced by an additional support rib 28.
In order to keep the inner ring mobile, that is so that it is held resiliently and displaceably within the carrier, a peripheral bellows-like fold 31, surrounding inner ring 26, is arranged in the plane of carrier 25, so that, as shown in Figure 3, the central plane of inner ring 26 lies in the central plane of ''~` ~~` ~o~s~6 carrier 25.
As shown in Figure 2, the shape of carrier 25 matches that of pocket 4 and is substantially rectangular. Thus corners 25a of carrier 25 also fill up the pocket, bottom surface 25b (Figure 3) bearing, with pre-load, against bottom 32 of the pocket 4, when the seal is in position, with axle 3 inserted therein. Tabs 33 along the top of carrier 25 facilitate the handling of the carrier when it is being inserted into, or remc~ed from, pocket 4.
Figure 3 as mentioned, is a cross section taken along the line III-III in Figure 2, from which it may be seen that inner ring 26 has an outwardly-open groove 34 carrying a spiral spring 35 made of steel wire or the like. The inside of inner ring 26 is provided with groove 36 carrying a sealing means such as twine 37 or the like which, when axle 3 is in position, bears, under pre-load, against the sealing surface of the axle. After sealing twine 37 has become worn to a certain extent, lip seals 38 begin to bear against the sealing surface of the axle, these lip seals being formed by apexed outer surfaces of the bore of inner ring 26 adjacent the sides of inner ring 26 and located in the vicinity of groove 36. After some wear has taken place in sealing twine 37, this twine and lips 38 bear jointly against the sealing surface of axle 3, thus ensuring complete sealing. To this end, the inside diameter of lip seals 38 is smaller than the diameter of the axle in the vicinity of the sealing surface.
Figure 3 also shows the design of peripheral fold 31 and that sealing ribs 27 and 29 are longer in cross section than support ribs 28.
As shown, outer edges 27a of ribs 27 and outer edges 29b of ribs 29 bear, under pre-load, against the opposing walls 4b of pocket 4.
:' ~
This invention relates to a bearing seal. It more par-ticularly relates to bearing seals of the type used for sealing axle bearings on rail cars. Reference may be had to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings herein which, apart from the bearing seal, illustrate an axle box arrangement well known in the prior art.
It is commonly known to have a sealing ring which is adapted to be inserted into a seal pocket of an axle box and which is made of a resilient material, and further which is provided with an aperture adapted to suit the diameter of the axle for accommodat-ing the axle, the sealing ring comprising an inner ring heldresiliently and displaceably within an outer carrier.
In the above-mentioned prior art example arrangement, the edge of the surface of the outer carrier facing the axle-box housing is provided with peripheral sealing ribs which, after the carrier has been mounted in the pocket, bear against the wall surface of the axle-box housing.
The major disadvantage of this known arrangement is that the pre-load, produced by the material of which the carrier is made, against the wall surface of the axle-box housing is not always sufficient to prevent the lubricant in the axle-box housing from escaping into the pocket.
It is therefore a prime object of the present invention to provide a bearing seal of the type discussed above which provides complete sealing of the axle-box housing, even wherein the design of axle-box housings and pockets vary, and also to ensure ease of assembly of the seal.
According to the present invention, this purpose is achieved in that the carrier is provided, in the vicinity of the inner ring and on both sides thereof, with resilient peripheral sealing ribs or the like ~hich, in the assembled condition, bear with their outer edges, around their entire peripheries and under pre-load, against the two opposing walls ~08~546 of the pocket in the axle-box housing.
This arrangement ensures a reliable seal within the pocket in the axle-box housing, without any additional carrier retainers or tensioning devices.
It is desirable, in this connection, for the sealing ribs arranged on both sides, to be arranged as close as possible to the inner ring of the carrier, i.e., they should surround the inner ring circularly and should be equidistant therefrom.
Additional sealing ribs of this kind may be provided, preferably three in number arranged concentrically.
As a variation of the arrangement, according to the present invention, additional sealing may be obtained by providing apexed outer surfaces in the vicinity of the groove in the inner ring provided, in this arrangement, for the accommodation of sealing twine and facing the axle, the internal edges of the said outer surfaces forming lip seals and bearing against the axle. This arrangement may be such that, in the initial operating condition, only the sealing means, i.e., the sealing twine, located in the groove, bears against the axle in order to provide a seal, but as soon as this seal becomes worn, the lip seals bear against the axle and take over the sealing function. This extends the life of the seal according to the present invention considerably. For this reason, the inside diameter of the annular lip seals must be smaller than the outside diameter of the axle in the vicinity of the sealing surface.
For the purpose of improving still further the sealing of the carrier in the pocket in the axle-box housing, and also to ensure accurate positioning, it is desirable to provide, in addition to the sealing ribs surrounding the inner ring, support ribs which are arranged on both sides of the carrier surfaces and which run around in the vicinity of the edges of the carrier.
8~5~6 In order that this may not in any way impair the action of the sealing ribs, it is desirable for these support ribs to be rather shorter in cross section, and possibly also stiffer, than the peripheral sealing ribs as shown in Figure 3.
Here again, a plurality of support ribs, running parallel and concentrically with each other, may be provided, with two or three support ribs arranged side by side.
Furthermore, an additional sealing rib may be arranged at least in the vicinity of the closing edge of the carrier, the width of the said rib corresponding to the width of the sealing ribs of the inner ring. The purpose of this additional sealing rib is to close off and seal the top of the pocket, thus prevent-ing the entry of any dust or dirt. For--this purpose, the ends of the upper sealing rib may be provided with overhanging flaps which bear against the end and outer surfaces of the pocket defining the slot therein.
The two vertical edges of this carrier, adjacent the upper horizontal edge thereof, may also be provided with sealing ribs of this kind which can extend at least as far as the peripheral sealing ribs in the vicinity of the inner ring. In addition to their sealing function, these two vertical sealing ribs may provide additional guidance and retention of the carrier in the pocket.
In the case of the bearing seal according to the present invention, the resiliency of the inner ring is particularly produced by, among other things, the carrier being cup-shaped and thus constituting a bellows-like retainer for the inner ring.
According to another example of embodiment, a bellows-like fold surrounding the inner ring is arranged in the plane of the carrier, so that the central plane of the inner ring also lies in the central plane of the carrier. The results of practical tests have shown that a single fold is sufficient, but more may be provided if desired.
108~46 For convenience, the carrier may also be of the same shape as the axle-box pocket, i.e., it may, if desired, be substantially rectangular, so that even below the inner ring -and the peripheral sealing ribs, the corners of the pocket are filled by the carrier and its support ribs. This prevents the formation of an oil sump in the lower part of the pocket.
In this case, in particular, the shape of the carrier may be such that the undersurface thereof lies against the bottom of the pocket, under pre-load, in the assembled condition with the axle inserted.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bearing seal for the axle bearings of rail vehicles, the said seal having a sealing ring adapted to be inserted into a pocket in the axle-box, the said sealing ring being made of a resilient material and comprising an opening matching the diameter of the axle and accommodating the said axle, and an inner ring which is held, with the interposition of a bellows-li~e fold, resiliently and displaceably in an outer carrier integral with the said inner ring, the said carrier being sealed with sealing means into the axle-box pocket, charac-terized in that the sealing means consist, in a manner known per se, of sealing ribs which are arranged on each side of the carrier, which surround the inner ring circularly, and whlch are at an equal distance therefrom, and in that provided in addition to the sealing ribs surrounding the inner ring are support ribs which are arranged, on both sides, upon the sur-faces of the carrier, and which run in the vicinity of the edges of the said carrier, the said support ribs being somewhat shorter in cross-section than the sealing ribs surrounding the inner ring.
~ he invention is illustrated by way of example in the following drawings wherein:
~08~S46 Figure 1 is an oblique view of an axle box in which the invention is used, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional elevation of the sealing ring according to the invention, with its carrier, inserted into the pocket in the axle-box housing; and Figure 3 is a cross-section taken along line III-III
in Figure 2.
Figure 1 illustrates an axle-bearing housing, having a so-called axle-box 1 in which a bearing bush 2, stepped in relation to the housing, is displaceably arranged and which serves to absorb the wheel forces transferred through stub-axle 3.
Adjacent where axle 3 enters axle-box 1, there is provided an upwardly-facing open pocket 4 in which a sealing ring 5 (see Figure 2) may be inserted. Axle-box 1 is filled with lubricant, and the purpose of sealing ring 5 is to prevent the escape of lubricant to the axle or wheel, i.e., towards the right in Figure 1.
Referring to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, a carrier 25 for sealing ring 5 is provided, in the vicinity of inner ring 26, having resilient peripheral sealing ribs 27, outer -4a-108454~
edges 27a (see Figure 3) of which, when the seal is assembled, bear, around their entire peripheries, under pre-load, against the ~pposing walls of pocket 4 in axle-box housing 1. As shown, this example of embodiment has three sealing ribs 27 arranged concentrically with inner ring 26.
In addition to sealing ribs 27, support ribs 28 are provided on both sides of carrier 25, said support ribs, as shown in Figure 3, are cross-sectionally shorter, and possibly stiffer, than sealing ribs 27. These support ribs 28 are located in the vicinity of the edges of carrier 25 and parallel therewith. In the example illustrated and which is best seen in Figure 2, there are two support ribs at the top and three at the bottom. Where sealing ribs 27 reach the outer edges of carrier 25, they replace said support ribs 28, i.e., in these areas the support ribs 28 end in front of the peripheral sealing ribs 27.
Located in the vicinity of the upper pocket closing edge of carrier 25 is a further sealing rib 29, the width of which is equal to that of inner ring sealing ribs 27. Sealing rib 29 is designed to close off the top of pocket 4, being provided, for this purpose, with projecting flaps 29a at respective ends thereof, said flaps 29a bearing against the ends and outer surfaces defining the entry 4a into pocket 4, and against the corresponding inner wall of said pocket.
Furthermore, the vertical edges of carrier 25, adjacent the top horizontal edge thereof, may also be provided with vertical sealing ribs 30 which extend, as shown in the example illustrated, as far as inner ring sealing ribs 27. Below sealing ribs 27, sealing rib 30 is replaced by an additional support rib 28.
In order to keep the inner ring mobile, that is so that it is held resiliently and displaceably within the carrier, a peripheral bellows-like fold 31, surrounding inner ring 26, is arranged in the plane of carrier 25, so that, as shown in Figure 3, the central plane of inner ring 26 lies in the central plane of ''~` ~~` ~o~s~6 carrier 25.
As shown in Figure 2, the shape of carrier 25 matches that of pocket 4 and is substantially rectangular. Thus corners 25a of carrier 25 also fill up the pocket, bottom surface 25b (Figure 3) bearing, with pre-load, against bottom 32 of the pocket 4, when the seal is in position, with axle 3 inserted therein. Tabs 33 along the top of carrier 25 facilitate the handling of the carrier when it is being inserted into, or remc~ed from, pocket 4.
Figure 3 as mentioned, is a cross section taken along the line III-III in Figure 2, from which it may be seen that inner ring 26 has an outwardly-open groove 34 carrying a spiral spring 35 made of steel wire or the like. The inside of inner ring 26 is provided with groove 36 carrying a sealing means such as twine 37 or the like which, when axle 3 is in position, bears, under pre-load, against the sealing surface of the axle. After sealing twine 37 has become worn to a certain extent, lip seals 38 begin to bear against the sealing surface of the axle, these lip seals being formed by apexed outer surfaces of the bore of inner ring 26 adjacent the sides of inner ring 26 and located in the vicinity of groove 36. After some wear has taken place in sealing twine 37, this twine and lips 38 bear jointly against the sealing surface of axle 3, thus ensuring complete sealing. To this end, the inside diameter of lip seals 38 is smaller than the diameter of the axle in the vicinity of the sealing surface.
Figure 3 also shows the design of peripheral fold 31 and that sealing ribs 27 and 29 are longer in cross section than support ribs 28.
As shown, outer edges 27a of ribs 27 and outer edges 29b of ribs 29 bear, under pre-load, against the opposing walls 4b of pocket 4.
:' ~
Claims (6)
1. A bearing seal for the axle-bearings of rail vehicles, the said seal having a sealing ring adapted to be inserted into a pocket in the axle-box, the said sealing ring being made of a resilient material and comprising an opening matching the diameter of the axle and accommodating the said axle, and an inner ring which is held, with the interposition of a bellows-like fold, resiliently and displaceably in an outer carrier integral with the said inner ring, the said carrier being sealed with sealing means into the axle-box pocket, character-ized in that the sealing means consist, in a manner known per se, of sealing ribs (27) which are arranged on each side of the carrier, which surround the inner ring (26) circularly, and which are at an equal distance therefrom, and in that provided in addition to the sealing ribs (27) surrounding the inner ring (26) are support ribs (28) which are arranged, on both sides, upon the surfaces of the carrier (25), and which run in the vicinity of the edges of the said carrier, the said support ribs (28) being somewhat shorter in cross-section than the sealing ribs (27) surrounding the inner ring (26).
2. A bearing seal according to claim 1, characterized in that the support ribs (28) are stiffer than the sealing ribs (27) surrounding the inner ring (26).
3. A bearing seal according to claim 1 characterized in that a plurality of support ribs (28), which run parallel and concentrically with each other, is provided.
4. A bearing seal according to claim 2 characterized in that a plurality of support ribs (28), which run parallel and concentrically with each other, is provided.
5. A bearing seal according to claims 1, 2 or 3 characterized in that an additional sealing rib (29) is arranged in a manner known per se, at least in the vicinity of the upper closing edge of the carrier (25), the width of the said additional sealing rib corresponding to that of the sealing ribs (27) surrounding the inner ring (26), and in that the upper sealing rib (29) is provided at both ends with an overhang (29a) bearing upon the outer surface of the end pocket (4) defining the slot (4a) in the said pocket.
6. A bearing seal according to claim 4 characterized in that an additional sealing rib (29) is-arranged in a manner known per se, at least in the vicinity of the upper closing edge of the carrier (25), the width of the said additional sealing rib corresponding to that of the sealing ribs (27) surrounding the inner ring (26), and in that the upper sealing rib (29) is provided at both ends with an overhang (29a) bearing upon the outer surface of the end pocket (4) defining the slot (4a) in the said pocket.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19772726339 DE2726339A1 (en) | 1976-07-13 | 1977-06-10 | Bearing seal for journal of rail vehicle - has sealing ring with resilient ring in outer carrier with resilient sealing ribs (PT 27.7.78) |
| DEP2726339.4 | 1977-06-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1084546A true CA1084546A (en) | 1980-08-26 |
Family
ID=6011273
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA305,208A Expired CA1084546A (en) | 1977-06-10 | 1978-06-12 | Bearing seal |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BR (1) | BR7803731A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1084546A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT7823647A0 (en) |
| SU (1) | SU831065A3 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA776592B (en) |
-
1977
- 1977-07-13 SU SU772503758A patent/SU831065A3/en active
- 1977-11-04 ZA ZA00776592A patent/ZA776592B/en unknown
-
1978
- 1978-05-22 IT IT7823647A patent/IT7823647A0/en unknown
- 1978-06-09 BR BR7803731A patent/BR7803731A/en unknown
- 1978-06-12 CA CA305,208A patent/CA1084546A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR7803731A (en) | 1979-01-16 |
| SU831065A3 (en) | 1981-05-15 |
| ZA776592B (en) | 1978-08-30 |
| IT7823647A0 (en) | 1978-05-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |