CA1081164A - Permanent and electro sector magnets in a magnetic drum separating system - Google Patents
Permanent and electro sector magnets in a magnetic drum separating systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1081164A CA1081164A CA251,197A CA251197A CA1081164A CA 1081164 A CA1081164 A CA 1081164A CA 251197 A CA251197 A CA 251197A CA 1081164 A CA1081164 A CA 1081164A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- magnetic
- conveying means
- aggregate
- magnetic materials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/10—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers
- B03C1/14—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers with non-movable magnets
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An improved magnetic separator of the type wherein a continuous conveying member passes between a superposed magnetic assembly and a quantity of unseparated materials.
non-magnetic, metallic cylindrical rotating drum or wheel incorporates a magnetic assembly including an electromagnet and permanent magnets which are arranged to obtain a long "carry"
of the metal particles suspended from the drum whereby entrained non-magnetic materials are enabled to fall away and a highly efficient and complete separation is effected.
An improved magnetic separator of the type wherein a continuous conveying member passes between a superposed magnetic assembly and a quantity of unseparated materials.
non-magnetic, metallic cylindrical rotating drum or wheel incorporates a magnetic assembly including an electromagnet and permanent magnets which are arranged to obtain a long "carry"
of the metal particles suspended from the drum whereby entrained non-magnetic materials are enabled to fall away and a highly efficient and complete separation is effected.
Description
10~31164 ~he present invention relates to magnetic separators and more specifically, to the magnetic separation of solid waste materials.
Magnetic separation of solid waste materials is most commonly performed by devices of the type having a continuous belt moving past a magnetic assembly which generates a magnetic field through which the belt moves. In these separators, mag-netic material is attracted to the belt by the magnetic assembly and drawn along by the belt to a collection area whereat further separating or processing may be performed. Prior to separation, the waste is shredded to insure that particle size does not exceed manageable levels. Unfortunately, this process produces sharp or razor-edged metal particles which puncture or gouge the belt when attracted thereto. Further, the tendency of the attracted particles to remain in a fixed position relative to the magnetic assembly results in a sliding contact between the particles and the moving belt which causes cutting, scoring and abrading of the belt.
In addition, a certain amount of relatively light non-magnetic waste, such as rags and paper, tangled with, or draped over the magnetic particles, is carried along therewith, thus rendering the separation process incomplete. Attempts to solve this problem of entrained non-magnetic materials by agitating the attracted magnetic particles with alternating magnetic polarities have proved only partly successful.
A recent attempt to solve both of these problems simultaneously involves the use of special cleats which protect the belt surface and agitate the attracted magnetic materials (see copending Canadian application No. 251,229, filed April 27, 1976, for a Cleated Conveyor Belt). Although this solution ~-~
is a significant improvement over ':
.~ .. . .
.. ~
~OB116~
the prior art, the need still exists to periodically replace worn belts.
It is therefore a primary object of the present inYen-tion to provide a magnetlc separator which not only eliminates the probIem of belt wear but also strategicallr locates the magnetic field to obtain eficient separation.
This is accompllshed ~y replacing t~e belt with a more durable, rotating metal drum wherein the magnetic scrap is attracted to the outer surface of the drum and carried along by the rotation thereof to a scrap collection area or conveying means.
It is a further object to provide a magnetic separator which is highly efficient in separating light non-magnetic materials from the separated magnetic scrap.
This is accomplished by magnetically suspending the separated scrap from the underside of the rotating drum in combination with a novel arrangement of the delivery and discharge conveyors allowing effIcient extraction of selected materials from the burden being delivered to the drum by the delivery conveyors and release of the non-magnetic'materials to fall a~ay prior to the rele,ase of the magnetic scrap at the collection point or conveying means. -With'the above and other objects in view t~at will here~nafter appear, the nature of the invention will be more readily understood by reference to the following description, the'appended claims and the several views illustrated in the accompanying d~awings.
~igure 1 is a perspective vie~ of the magnetic separator of the pre~ent in~ention.
~igure 2 i,s- a diagramatic v~ew of the separator. ' .. , , . . -, . . .. . . . . .
~0~1164 As illustrated in ~igure 1, the present invention comprises a supply conveyor 1 and a magnetic materials -collection chute 2, with a non-magnetic materials collection area 3 therebetween. A magnetic wheel drum 5 havîng an internal magnetic assembly 6, is located above the collection area 3.
The drum is a rigid right-cylindrical member having a curved outer surface 5a. The drum 5 is preferably composed of a durable non-magnetic metal such as manganese, having a number of transverse sweep bars 5b mounted thereon. A frame 7 supports the drum 5 for rotation about its longitudinal axis.
The magnetic assembly 6, including electro-magnet 8 and permanent magnet 9, is fixedly attached to the frame 7, provision being made, however, for minor alignment adjustments.
The electro-magnet 8, which may be of conventional design and construction, is symmetric about a line radial to the drum 5 and forming a perpendicular bisector to the longitudinal axis of the head pulley or roller 10 of the supply conveyor 1. This has the effect of "aiming" the field produced by the electromagnet 8 at the point lOa where the incoming wastes would otherwise fall from the conveyor 1 into the collection area 3. At this point, the stream of waste materials 11 "spreads", forming a more dispersed stream which facilitates the removal of the magnetic materials lla.
The permanent magnet 9 is formed of a number of rectilinear segments arranged in a substantially arcuate configuration along the periphery of the curved surface 5a of the drum 5 with one end thereof immediately adjacent the electro-magnet 8 on the side thereof near the chute 2.
~0~ 64 The axis of the electro-magnet is inclined toward the conveyor 1 at an angle ~ of approxi~ately 55~ from the vertical, while the angle ~ included between the vertical and the distal end 9b of the permanent magnet 9 is approxi-mately 40~.
It is to be understood, however, that the conveyor angle 0 may vary from about 30 to more than 90 depending upon several variables, not all of which are known or fully understood, but includ;ng space limitations and compatibility with existing structures and equipment. The permanent magnet angle ~ is likewise dependent upon several variables, among which is the value of the angle 0 in the particular installation.
A reverse roller 12 is mounted at the end of the collection chute 2 spaced apar~ from the surface 5a of the drum 5 and having its axis parallel to the axis of the drum 5 and intersecting the line defined by the distal end 9b of the permanent magnet 9. The roller 12 is driven to rotate about its axis in a direction opposite the direction of rotation of the drum 5. -In operation, the supply conveyor 1 carries shredded waste materials 11, composed of magnetic and non-magnetic materials lla and llb respectively, toward the drum 5. As the waste 11 approaches the point lOa, the magnetic materials lla are drawn toward the center of the electro-magnet 8 by the magnetic field generated thereby and are thus held against the curved surface 5a of the drum 5, while the non-magnetic materials llb fall into the collection area 3.
The drum 5 rotates in the direction urging the magnetic materials lla toward the collection chute 2. As the drum 5 rotates, the magnetic "hold" on the materials lla being held thereagainst, and pushed along by the sweep~bars 5b, is assumed by the permanent magnet 9. ~hen the materials pass the end 9b of the permanent magnet 9, they leave the magnetic field and the "hold" is broken. At this point, they assume a parabolic trajectory as shown in Figure 2 and eventually fall onto the collection chute 2. Any non-magnetic materials llb caught on magnetic particles lla and carried along therewit~ come into contact with the reverse roller 12 which strips off the dangling materials and throws them back into the non-magnetic materials collection area 3, thereby preventing such materials from collecting on the lip of the chute 2 and eventually clogging the system. If a conveyor is used in place of the chute 2, the roller 12 may be dispensed with, as the movement of the conveyor would serve to prevent a buildup of non-magnetic materials llb at the conveyor end.
It is to be noted that the magnetic materials lla are "carried" through an arc of approximately 95 from the point of first contact to the point of releas-e. The length of this journey insures that there is sufficient opportunity for light non-magnetic materials, which are caught on sharp protrusions of magnetic particles or otherwise carried along therewith, to fall away into the collection area 3.
Preliminary test results indicate that a drum constructed of 3/8 inch manganese sheet has an expected useful life of 5 years or more, as opposed to a six month lie span for the improved 1exible belt previously disclosed. These tests were conducted on a 72 lnch diameter drum separating wastes wherein the average diameter of the metall;c particles was about 3 inches. The space between the supply conveyor and the drum sur$ace waS approximately 17 ~nches and ~he center o the reverse roller 12 was 11 inches- from the surface of the drum. The electro-magnet produced a field 10~1164 intensity of 500 gauss at the surface of the roller 10.
Magnetic separation of solid waste materials is most commonly performed by devices of the type having a continuous belt moving past a magnetic assembly which generates a magnetic field through which the belt moves. In these separators, mag-netic material is attracted to the belt by the magnetic assembly and drawn along by the belt to a collection area whereat further separating or processing may be performed. Prior to separation, the waste is shredded to insure that particle size does not exceed manageable levels. Unfortunately, this process produces sharp or razor-edged metal particles which puncture or gouge the belt when attracted thereto. Further, the tendency of the attracted particles to remain in a fixed position relative to the magnetic assembly results in a sliding contact between the particles and the moving belt which causes cutting, scoring and abrading of the belt.
In addition, a certain amount of relatively light non-magnetic waste, such as rags and paper, tangled with, or draped over the magnetic particles, is carried along therewith, thus rendering the separation process incomplete. Attempts to solve this problem of entrained non-magnetic materials by agitating the attracted magnetic particles with alternating magnetic polarities have proved only partly successful.
A recent attempt to solve both of these problems simultaneously involves the use of special cleats which protect the belt surface and agitate the attracted magnetic materials (see copending Canadian application No. 251,229, filed April 27, 1976, for a Cleated Conveyor Belt). Although this solution ~-~
is a significant improvement over ':
.~ .. . .
.. ~
~OB116~
the prior art, the need still exists to periodically replace worn belts.
It is therefore a primary object of the present inYen-tion to provide a magnetlc separator which not only eliminates the probIem of belt wear but also strategicallr locates the magnetic field to obtain eficient separation.
This is accompllshed ~y replacing t~e belt with a more durable, rotating metal drum wherein the magnetic scrap is attracted to the outer surface of the drum and carried along by the rotation thereof to a scrap collection area or conveying means.
It is a further object to provide a magnetic separator which is highly efficient in separating light non-magnetic materials from the separated magnetic scrap.
This is accomplished by magnetically suspending the separated scrap from the underside of the rotating drum in combination with a novel arrangement of the delivery and discharge conveyors allowing effIcient extraction of selected materials from the burden being delivered to the drum by the delivery conveyors and release of the non-magnetic'materials to fall a~ay prior to the rele,ase of the magnetic scrap at the collection point or conveying means. -With'the above and other objects in view t~at will here~nafter appear, the nature of the invention will be more readily understood by reference to the following description, the'appended claims and the several views illustrated in the accompanying d~awings.
~igure 1 is a perspective vie~ of the magnetic separator of the pre~ent in~ention.
~igure 2 i,s- a diagramatic v~ew of the separator. ' .. , , . . -, . . .. . . . . .
~0~1164 As illustrated in ~igure 1, the present invention comprises a supply conveyor 1 and a magnetic materials -collection chute 2, with a non-magnetic materials collection area 3 therebetween. A magnetic wheel drum 5 havîng an internal magnetic assembly 6, is located above the collection area 3.
The drum is a rigid right-cylindrical member having a curved outer surface 5a. The drum 5 is preferably composed of a durable non-magnetic metal such as manganese, having a number of transverse sweep bars 5b mounted thereon. A frame 7 supports the drum 5 for rotation about its longitudinal axis.
The magnetic assembly 6, including electro-magnet 8 and permanent magnet 9, is fixedly attached to the frame 7, provision being made, however, for minor alignment adjustments.
The electro-magnet 8, which may be of conventional design and construction, is symmetric about a line radial to the drum 5 and forming a perpendicular bisector to the longitudinal axis of the head pulley or roller 10 of the supply conveyor 1. This has the effect of "aiming" the field produced by the electromagnet 8 at the point lOa where the incoming wastes would otherwise fall from the conveyor 1 into the collection area 3. At this point, the stream of waste materials 11 "spreads", forming a more dispersed stream which facilitates the removal of the magnetic materials lla.
The permanent magnet 9 is formed of a number of rectilinear segments arranged in a substantially arcuate configuration along the periphery of the curved surface 5a of the drum 5 with one end thereof immediately adjacent the electro-magnet 8 on the side thereof near the chute 2.
~0~ 64 The axis of the electro-magnet is inclined toward the conveyor 1 at an angle ~ of approxi~ately 55~ from the vertical, while the angle ~ included between the vertical and the distal end 9b of the permanent magnet 9 is approxi-mately 40~.
It is to be understood, however, that the conveyor angle 0 may vary from about 30 to more than 90 depending upon several variables, not all of which are known or fully understood, but includ;ng space limitations and compatibility with existing structures and equipment. The permanent magnet angle ~ is likewise dependent upon several variables, among which is the value of the angle 0 in the particular installation.
A reverse roller 12 is mounted at the end of the collection chute 2 spaced apar~ from the surface 5a of the drum 5 and having its axis parallel to the axis of the drum 5 and intersecting the line defined by the distal end 9b of the permanent magnet 9. The roller 12 is driven to rotate about its axis in a direction opposite the direction of rotation of the drum 5. -In operation, the supply conveyor 1 carries shredded waste materials 11, composed of magnetic and non-magnetic materials lla and llb respectively, toward the drum 5. As the waste 11 approaches the point lOa, the magnetic materials lla are drawn toward the center of the electro-magnet 8 by the magnetic field generated thereby and are thus held against the curved surface 5a of the drum 5, while the non-magnetic materials llb fall into the collection area 3.
The drum 5 rotates in the direction urging the magnetic materials lla toward the collection chute 2. As the drum 5 rotates, the magnetic "hold" on the materials lla being held thereagainst, and pushed along by the sweep~bars 5b, is assumed by the permanent magnet 9. ~hen the materials pass the end 9b of the permanent magnet 9, they leave the magnetic field and the "hold" is broken. At this point, they assume a parabolic trajectory as shown in Figure 2 and eventually fall onto the collection chute 2. Any non-magnetic materials llb caught on magnetic particles lla and carried along therewit~ come into contact with the reverse roller 12 which strips off the dangling materials and throws them back into the non-magnetic materials collection area 3, thereby preventing such materials from collecting on the lip of the chute 2 and eventually clogging the system. If a conveyor is used in place of the chute 2, the roller 12 may be dispensed with, as the movement of the conveyor would serve to prevent a buildup of non-magnetic materials llb at the conveyor end.
It is to be noted that the magnetic materials lla are "carried" through an arc of approximately 95 from the point of first contact to the point of releas-e. The length of this journey insures that there is sufficient opportunity for light non-magnetic materials, which are caught on sharp protrusions of magnetic particles or otherwise carried along therewith, to fall away into the collection area 3.
Preliminary test results indicate that a drum constructed of 3/8 inch manganese sheet has an expected useful life of 5 years or more, as opposed to a six month lie span for the improved 1exible belt previously disclosed. These tests were conducted on a 72 lnch diameter drum separating wastes wherein the average diameter of the metall;c particles was about 3 inches. The space between the supply conveyor and the drum sur$ace waS approximately 17 ~nches and ~he center o the reverse roller 12 was 11 inches- from the surface of the drum. The electro-magnet produced a field 10~1164 intensity of 500 gauss at the surface of the roller 10.
Claims (16)
1. An improved device for separating magnetic materials from an aggregate of shredded magnetic and non-magnetic wastes, said device including first delivering conveying means for transporting said aggregate prior to separation, second take-away conveying means for transporting separated magnetic materials, and means for selectively transporting said magnetic materials from said first conveying means to said second conveying means, said selective transporting means comprising the outer surface of a rigid drum rotatably mounted for rotation about a generally horizontal axis perpendicular to the direction of flow of said aggregate on said first convey-ing means, said second conveying means including a leading edge spaced from the first conveying means and defining a non-magnetic discharge space, a lower sector of said rigid drum extending between said first and second conveying means, and a magnetic assembly non-rotatably mounted with said drum, said assembly including both permanent and electro-magnetic elements serially positioned in a said pre-determined sector of the drum between said first and second conveying means and said first conveying means having a discharge trajectory of the aggregate directed radially toward said drum against the lower sector thereof and forcibly thrown against the drum, whereby scattering the aggregate particles and thus separating the components of the aggregate between the delivering conveying means and said drum for gravitationally separating the non-magnetic materials from the aggregate and said non-magnetic materials falling away from the drum.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein said drum is substan-tially cylindrical and said axis of rotation is the longitudinal axis of said cylinder.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein said first conveying means has a discharge end intersecting said drum and in spaced relation with the surface of said drum.
4. The device of claim 3, wherein said first conveying means comprises a conveyor belt having a pulley or roller at said discharge end, and said electro-magnetic element is symmetric about a line radial to said drum and forming a perpendicular bisector to the longitudinal axis of said pulley.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein said permanent magnetic element comprises a plurality of rectilinear segments arranged in a substantially arcuate configuration along the periphery of the curved surface of said drum, with one end thereof immediately adjacent said electro-magnetic element on the side thereof nearer said second conveying means.
6. The device of claim 5, wherein the measure of the angle included between said axis of symmetry of said electro-magnetic element and the distal end of said permanent magnet element is approximately 95°.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the measure of the angle included between said axis of symmetry of said electro-magnetic element and the vertical is approximately 55°.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the measure of the angle included between the vertical and the distal end of said permanent magnet element is approximately 40°.
9. The device of claim 4, wherein said second conveying means has a pickup end in spaced relation with the surface of said drum and in close proximity to a radius of said drum drawn through said distal end of said permanent magnet element.
10. The device of claim 2, wherein said drum is substantially 6 feet in diameter.
11. The device of claim 4 wherein said pulley is substantially 17 inches from the face of said cylinder.
12. The device of claim 2, and a plurality of transverse sweep bars mounted on the outer surface of said drum.
13. The device of claim 12 and a reverse roller, said roller being mounted at the leading end of said second conveying means and rotating about an axis parallel to the axis of said drum, the direction of rotation of said roller being opposite to the direction of rotation of said drum.
14. A method for separating magnetic materials from an aggregage of shredded magnetic and non-magnetic wastes comprising the steps of:
Forcibly directing a quantity of aggregate waste material against a drum in a trajectory to scatter the aggregate against the outer surface of a rotating drum at the delivery of the aggregate to said drum directing an elec-trically induced magnetic field at the scat-tered quantity of said aggregate to withdraw the magnetic component therefrom and hold said magnetic component suspended from the outer surface of a drum located above the non-magnetic aggregate portion glancing from said drum, said drum being provided with transverse sweep bars to urge the suspended magnetic component along therewith, transferring the magnetic hold on said suspended magnetic component to a permanent magnet during the rotation of said drum, releasing said suspended magnetic materials from the hold of said permanent magnet during the course of the rotation of said drum, whereby said suspended magnetic materials are caused to assume a parabolic trajectory, providing means for catching the descending non-magnetic materials at a point therebelow and the magnetic materials in the downward portion of the trajectory and conveying said separated magnetic materials.
Forcibly directing a quantity of aggregate waste material against a drum in a trajectory to scatter the aggregate against the outer surface of a rotating drum at the delivery of the aggregate to said drum directing an elec-trically induced magnetic field at the scat-tered quantity of said aggregate to withdraw the magnetic component therefrom and hold said magnetic component suspended from the outer surface of a drum located above the non-magnetic aggregate portion glancing from said drum, said drum being provided with transverse sweep bars to urge the suspended magnetic component along therewith, transferring the magnetic hold on said suspended magnetic component to a permanent magnet during the rotation of said drum, releasing said suspended magnetic materials from the hold of said permanent magnet during the course of the rotation of said drum, whereby said suspended magnetic materials are caused to assume a parabolic trajectory, providing means for catching the descending non-magnetic materials at a point therebelow and the magnetic materials in the downward portion of the trajectory and conveying said separated magnetic materials.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said magnetic materials are carried suspended through an arc of approxi-mately 95°.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein said means comprises a chute having a reverse roller at one end thereof, said chute being below and spaced apart from said drum, said reverse roller being rotated in a direction opposite the direction of rotating of said drum.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US61971275A | 1975-10-06 | 1975-10-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1081164A true CA1081164A (en) | 1980-07-08 |
Family
ID=24482982
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA251,197A Expired CA1081164A (en) | 1975-10-06 | 1976-04-27 | Permanent and electro sector magnets in a magnetic drum separating system |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5245767A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1081164A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2632210A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2366874A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1555793A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH075871Y2 (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1995-02-15 | 三菱製鋼磁材株式会社 | Non-magnetic metal separator |
| US8561807B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2013-10-22 | Eriez Manufacturing Co. | Magnetic drum separator with an electromagnetic pickup magnet having a core in a tapered shape |
| CN106216091B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-05-18 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of device and method for separating and recovering magnetic nanoparticle |
| CN112093504B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-12-14 | 海城市地方铁路器材制造有限公司 | A prevent stifled formula purification device for tombarthite powder |
-
1976
- 1976-04-27 CA CA251,197A patent/CA1081164A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-16 DE DE19762632210 patent/DE2632210A1/en active Pending
- 1976-10-04 JP JP51118613A patent/JPS5245767A/en active Pending
- 1976-10-05 GB GB4136176A patent/GB1555793A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-05 FR FR7629864A patent/FR2366874A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5245767A (en) | 1977-04-11 |
| GB1555793A (en) | 1979-11-14 |
| FR2366874B3 (en) | 1979-06-15 |
| DE2632210A1 (en) | 1977-04-14 |
| FR2366874A1 (en) | 1978-05-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |