CA1073232A - Method of producing a joint capable of transmitting high torque - Google Patents
Method of producing a joint capable of transmitting high torqueInfo
- Publication number
- CA1073232A CA1073232A CA292,176A CA292176A CA1073232A CA 1073232 A CA1073232 A CA 1073232A CA 292176 A CA292176 A CA 292176A CA 1073232 A CA1073232 A CA 1073232A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- inches
- cylindrical wall
- shaft
- ring
- inner cylindrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002832 shoulder Anatomy 0.000 claims 34
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 2
- KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYLUREA Chemical class CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanediamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxy- Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004850 liquid epoxy resins (LERs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
- F16C3/026—Shafts made of fibre reinforced resin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
- F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
- F16B11/008—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing of tubular elements or rods in coaxial engagement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
- F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
- F16D1/064—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable
- F16D1/068—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable involving gluing, welding or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
- F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
- F16D3/382—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another constructional details of other than the intermediate member
- F16D3/387—Fork construction; Mounting of fork on shaft; Adapting shaft for mounting of fork
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
- F16C2226/30—Material joints
- F16C2226/40—Material joints with adhesive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/06—Drive shafts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
- Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method for bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting to produce an assembly wherein the shaft and the end fitting are in axial alignment and which is capable of transmitting high torque, said method employing an end fitting provided with a mating section having two concentric cylindrical walls which describe an annular cavity or socket adapted to receive the tubular shaft therein. The high torque carrying capacity of the joint produced in accordance with the invention results from the fact that the shaft is bonded to the mating section of the end fitting on both its interior and exterior surfaces and is in axial alignment with the end fitting.
Such axial alignment results from the presence of a resilient sealing ring and an annular shoulder, positioned near the top and base of the inner cylindrical wall of the mating section, which contact the inner surface of the tubular shaft and center the shaft around said wall when the shaft is inserted into the bonding socket of the end fitting.
A method for bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting to produce an assembly wherein the shaft and the end fitting are in axial alignment and which is capable of transmitting high torque, said method employing an end fitting provided with a mating section having two concentric cylindrical walls which describe an annular cavity or socket adapted to receive the tubular shaft therein. The high torque carrying capacity of the joint produced in accordance with the invention results from the fact that the shaft is bonded to the mating section of the end fitting on both its interior and exterior surfaces and is in axial alignment with the end fitting.
Such axial alignment results from the presence of a resilient sealing ring and an annular shoulder, positioned near the top and base of the inner cylindrical wall of the mating section, which contact the inner surface of the tubular shaft and center the shaft around said wall when the shaft is inserted into the bonding socket of the end fitting.
Description
-I()'i';~Z3~ 11, 063 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENT:tON
This invention relates to a method of bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting to produce a joint which assures axial alignment of the shaft and the end fitting and is capable of transmitting a high torque.
One obvious method of bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting is to provide the end fitting with a rod-shaped mating~section which fits into the shaft9 coat the mating section and/or the inner circumference of the shaft with a suitable cement or bonding agent, and then insert the mating section into the shaft.
However, this method suffers from the disadvantage that the bonding agent employed tends to rub off the mating section when it is inserted into the shat i too tight a fit is provided, or~ alternatively, is accompanied by leakage of the bonding agent from the annular space between the mating section and the shaft if the fit is too loose. In any event, tha end result is a loss of bonding agent and~ a weakening of the joint, so that the desired degree of bonding is not attained. Furthermore, in certain instances, as in the case of the bonding of a universal joint fitting in a drive shaft, it is essen- -~:: : : -; tial that the fitting be aligned concentrically in the sh ft, and this method does not provide for obtaining ~ -~- a secure joint having such concentric alignment
This invention relates to a method of bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting to produce a joint which assures axial alignment of the shaft and the end fitting and is capable of transmitting a high torque.
One obvious method of bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting is to provide the end fitting with a rod-shaped mating~section which fits into the shaft9 coat the mating section and/or the inner circumference of the shaft with a suitable cement or bonding agent, and then insert the mating section into the shaft.
However, this method suffers from the disadvantage that the bonding agent employed tends to rub off the mating section when it is inserted into the shat i too tight a fit is provided, or~ alternatively, is accompanied by leakage of the bonding agent from the annular space between the mating section and the shaft if the fit is too loose. In any event, tha end result is a loss of bonding agent and~ a weakening of the joint, so that the desired degree of bonding is not attained. Furthermore, in certain instances, as in the case of the bonding of a universal joint fitting in a drive shaft, it is essen- -~:: : : -; tial that the fitting be aligned concentrically in the sh ft, and this method does not provide for obtaining ~ -~- a secure joint having such concentric alignment
- 2 - :~
- . .
23~ 11,063 An alternative method of bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting having a rod-shaped mating section is to first insert the mating section into the shaft, and then inject the bonding agent into the annular space between the mating section and the shaft from a hole in the side of the shaft. A second hole in the side of the shaft is also necessary in such case, of course, to allow for the release of air displaced by the bonding agent. However, not only is this technique quite slow, but oftentimes it fails to completely fill the annular space between the mating section and the shaft with bonding agent, resulting in voids between them and a poor bond.
Visual inspection of the joint, of course, is not possible, so that the presence of such voids, and the r sulting poor bond, goes undetected.
One very effective way of bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting having a rod-shaped mating sec-tion is disclosed in United States Pat. No. 4,041,599.
Said method comprises: (1) fitting a pair of parallel annular grooves positioned near the base and top of the mating section of the end fitting with a pair of resil- `
ient sealing rings having inner diameters such that they are retained in place by the grooves and outer diameters greater than that of the mating section, said sealing rings being designed to fit snugly into the tubular shaft and form a tight fit between the mating section and the shaft; ~2) inserting the base of the mating , ~, ,~
- ., . : , . . . .. i : ~
~.73Z~ 11,063 section containing the first of said resilient sealing rings into one end of the tubular shaft so as to compress said resilient sealing ring snugly between the mating section and the inner circumference of that end of said tubular shaft, said end of said tubular shaft having the neck of a funnel tightly fitted about its outer circum-ference; (3) filling the funnel with a suitable liquid bonding agent; (4) further inserting the mating section of the end fitting into the tubular shaft, thereby creating a vacuum in the annular spacing between said mating section and said tubular shaft so as to cause the bonding agent in the funnel to flow into and fill said annular spacing; ~5) continuing to insert the mating section of the end fitting into the tubular shaft until the annular space between said ma~ing section and said tubular shaft has been completely illed with bond-ing agent and the second resilient sealing ring at the top of the mating,section has beenforced into the shaft and snugly compressed between said mating section and said tubular shaft, thereby entrapping and sealing said bonding agent in said annular space, and (6) curing said bonding agent to the thermoset state so as to bond the sh~ft cmd the mating section of the end fitting together. ~Not only does this method provide a secure bond between the mating section of the end fitting and the shaft, but it also assures accurate centering of the mating section in the shaft. For this reason it 11,063 ~ 3~3'~
is particularly suitable whenever concentric alignment of the mating section of an end fi~ting in a sha~t is necessary, such as when thP mating section of a universal joint fitting is bonded to a clrive shaft. However, while the joint produced in this marmer has bee.n found satis-actory for most applications and capable of transmitting relatively high torqu~ loads 9 it has not been found satis-factory for transmitting extremely high torque loads.
Thus, although fully acceptable as a bond between a universal joint fitting and a drive shaft when such assembly is used in automobiles, the joint produced in this manner has been found wanting when such assembly is used in trucks.
SUMM~RY OF THE INVENTION
.
The present invention provides a method for securely bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting to produce an assembly wherein the shaft and end fitting are in axial alignment and which is capable of trans-mitting high torque, which method makes use of an end fitting provided with a mating section having two con-centric cylindrical walls which describe an annular cavity or socket adapted to receive the tubular shaft therein. Said process comprises: (1) fitting an annular groove positioned near the top of the inner cylindrical ,, ..
-~ ~ . . :
-- 11,063 ~q32 3'~
resilient sealing ring having an inner diameter such ~hat it is retained in place by the groove and an outer diameter greater than that of the oute:r diameter of said inner cylindrical wall, said sealing ring being designed to fit snugly into the tubular shaft and form a tight fi between said inner cylindrical wall and thP shat; (2) filling the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting with a suitable liquid bonding agent; (3) inserting one end of the tubular shaft into the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting so as to compress the resilient sealin~
ring at the top of the inner cylindrical wall snugly be- .
tween said inner cylindrical wall and the inner circum- . :
ference of the tubular shaft and effect a seal therebe-tween; ~4) further inserting the tubular shaft into the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting, thereby displacing excess bonding ag~nt present in the annular : 20 cavity and causing said excess bonding agent to 10w out of said annular cavity via the space between the outer ~ circum~erence of the tubular shaft and the inner circum- -: ference o the outer cylindrical wall o the mating sec-tion; (5) continuing to insert the tubular shaft into the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical ... '~ , - .
11,063 ~ 3Z32 walls of the mating section of the end fitting until said tubular shaft has been forced into place over an annular shoulder positioned near the base of the inner cylindrical wall, said annular shoulder having an outer diametPr greater than that of the outer diameter of said inner cylindrical wall and being designed to it snugly into the tubular shaft and form a tight fit between said inner cylindrical wall and the inner circumference of said tubular shaft;
and (6) curing said bonding agent to the thermoset state so as to bond the shaft and the mating section of the end fitting together in axial alignment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Figure la is a partial cutaway elevation view showing a universal joint having a mating section pro-vided with a bonding socket adapted to receive a tubular drive shaft as such a shaft is being inserted into the bonding socket.
Figure lb is a partial cutaway elevation view ; showing the universal joint and tubular drive ~haft of Figure la after the tubular shaft has been fully inserted : ~ into the bonding socket and bonded to the mating section of the universal joint, : D AILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
While the~invention is generally useful whenever secure boncling of a tubular shaft to an end fitting is .
~ ~ .
- . . . . . .: . , :, - 11,063 ~3Z~'~
desired, it is particularly applicable whenever the assembly is required to carry a very high torque load, such as when a universal joint fittin~ is bonded to a drive shaft and the assembly is employed a~ part of the drive train system of a truck. The high torque carrying capacity of the joint produced in accordance with the invention results from the fact that the shaft is bonded to the mating section of the end fitting on both its interior and exterior surfaces and is in axial alignment with the end itting. Such axial alignment of the shaft and the end fitting results from the presence of the resilient sealing ring positioned near the top of the inner cylindrical wall of the mating section, and the annular shoulder positioned near the base of said inner cylindrical wall, which contact the inner surface of the ~ubular shaft and center the shaft around said wall when the shaft is inserted into the bonding socket of the end fitting. I In addition to centering the shaft and retaining itin proper geome~ric relationship to the inner cylindrical wall, the resilient sealing ring and annular shoulder serve to retain and prevent leakage of bonding agent present in the space between said wall and the inner surface of the shaft.
E'eierring now to the drawings, universal joint .
10 is provided with a mating section 11 having sn inner cylindrica:L wali 12 and a concentric outer cylindrical , .
:
:
.. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .
11,063 l~q3Z3;~
.
wall 13 which together describe an annular cavity or socket 14. Positioned around the outer circumference of the inner cylindrical wall near its top is a rubber sealing ring 15. Ring 15 has an inner diameter such that it is retained in place by means of an annular groove (not shown) in inner cylindrical wall 12 and an outer diameter slightly greater than that of the outer diameter of said inner cylindrical wall. Preferably, annular shoulder 16 is positioned around the outer circumference of the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above ring 15 and serves as a backing or said ring. Positioned around the outer circumerence of the inner cylindrical wall near its base and parallel to rubber sealing ring 15 is annular shoulder 17. Annular shoulder 17 has an outer diameter slightly greater than that of the outer diameter of inner cylindrical wall 12 and may either be an integral part of the inner cylindri-cal wall or a second sealing ring held in place on the innex cylindrical wall in the same manner as sealing ring 15. Both ring 15 and shoulder 17 have outer diame-ters such that they will fit snugly and orm a tight fit between the outer circumference of inner cylindrical wall 12 and the inner circumference of tubular carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy drive shaft 18 when tubular shaft 18 is inserted into the annular space between inner cylindrical wall 12 and outer cylindrical wall 13. Inner ~, .
_ g - i . . .
- , . . .
11,063 ~J3'~
cylindrical wall 12 has an uuter diameter of 4.534 inches.
Outer cylindrical wall 13 has an inner diameter of 5.234 inches. Together the two walls describe an annular cavity or bonding socket 0.350 inches wide and 4.500 inches long.
Tubular shaft 18 has an inner diameter of 4.574 inches, an outer diameter of 5.074 inches, and is 0.250 inches wide.
Ring 15 and shoulder 17 are spaced 4.200 inches apart.
After annular cavity 14 between the outer c;r-cumference of inner cylindrical wall 12 and the inner circumference of outer cylindrical wall 13 is filled with a suitable liquid bonding agent, tubular shaft 18 is inserted into the annular cavity and fitted snugly over rubber sealing ring 15 positioned near the top of cylindrical wall 12. Rubber sealing ring 15 is thereby compressed so that it fits snugly between the outer circumference of inner cylindrical wall 12 and the inner circumference of tubular shaft 18 and bonding agent present in annular cavity 14 is precluded from escaping between said sha~t and said inner cylindrical ..
wali, As a result, as tubular shaft 18 is further in-serted into annular cav~ty 14, any bonding agent displaced from the annular cavity is forced to flow out via the space between the outer circumference of tubular shaft 18 and the inner circumference of outer cylindrical wall 13 (annular space 14a). At the same time, ,he vacuum seal created by sealing ring 15 ensures that the space between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall 10 - "
.... .
~ 3~3% 11~063 (annular space 14b) remains filled with bonding agent as the shaft is inserted into the annular cavity. Finally tubular shat 18 is forced into place over annular shoulder 17 which, like sealing ring 15, fits tightly between the outer circumference of inner cylindrical wall 12 and the inner circumference of tubular shaft 18. As a result, the bonding agent present between thP shaft and the inner cylindrical wall is now permanently entrapped therebetween.
In addition to preventing escape or leakage o bonding agent present between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall, ring 15 and annular shoulder 17 ensure'that the shaft is in axial alig~ment with the inner cylindrical wall.
In order to facilitate insertion of tubular shaft 18 into annular cavity 14, the inner and outer '~
sur~aces of the end of the tubular shaft to be inserted into the annular cavity are preferably coated with the bonding agant before the shaft is inserted into the cavity. To secure,a better bond between the tubular shaft and the walls of the cavity, it is also preferred that the surfaces of the tubular shaft which are ~o be inserted into the cavity be abraded, and that the walls of the cavity be etched with acid. ' Aft:er tubular shat 18 has been fully inserted into annular cavity 14 and forced into place over annular shoulder 17, any excess bonding agent on the exterior of sha~t 18 may be wipPd away,. The bonding agent in annular space 14 is then cured, tbereby completing the - 11,063 ~0~3Z3~
process. If desired, a similar a~tachment may be made at the other end of the shaft. In such case, a hole should first be made in the mating section of said attachment to allow for the escape of air when the shaft is inserted into said mating section.
In order to ensure c~ial alignment and proper bonding of the shaft and ~he end fitting, the radial space b~tween the two concentric cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end~fitting is preferably between 0.260 inches and 0.360 inchesg and the wall of the shaft is between 0.240 inches and 0.300 inches thick. Most prefer-ably, a spacing of 0.350 inches is provided between the two concentric cylindrical walls, the wall of the shaft is 0.250 inches thick, and the outer diameters of the sealing ring and annular shoulder about the top and bottom inner cylindrical wall are such that when the shaft is positioned on the sealing ring and annular shoulder, and thereby concentrically aligned between the two walls~ -there is a spacing of from 0.010 and 0.030 inches between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall, most preferably O.020 inches. The annular cavity between the two concen;
tri~ w~lls is suitably 4.500 inches long.
AI1Y low viscosity liquid bonding agent capable Df adhering to both the mating section of the end fitting and the tubular shaft can be employed in the process of '" '' ,'' "' ~ - 12 - , - , , , . - ~ ......................... - . - .
. ~ . . . . . .
~3~3~ 11,063 the present invention, provided that such bonding agent does not give of~ volatiles on curing. An epoxy resin binder system is preferred because of its abili~y to adhere to a widespread number of materials and its good bonding characteristîcs. Such system comprises an epoxy resin together with a reactive resin hardener and/or an epoxy polymerization catalyst in an amount conventionally used in the art to cure epoxy resins.
The following example is set forth for purposes of illustration so that those skilled in the art may better understand this invention. It should be under-stood that it is exemplary only, and should not be con-strued as limiting this invention in any manner.
. . .
EXAMPLE
The process of the invention was employed to axially align and bond a tubular shaft to an end ~itting to produce an assembly capable of transmitting high torque. The tubular shaft selected was a carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy drive shaft, and the end fitting employed was a universal joint which was provided with a mating ~ection having two concentric cylindrical walls which together described an annular cavity or socket adapted to receive the tubular shaft, The inner cylindrical wall had an outer diameter of 4c534 inches, the outer cylindrical wall had an inner diameter of 5.234 inches, ., , -11,063 iO~3Z3'~
and the annular cavity or socket between the two walls was 0.350 inches wide and 4.500 inches long. A rubber "0" ring was fitted around the outer circumference of the inner cylindrical wall near the top of said wall.
The "0" ring had an inner diarneter such that it was retained in place by means of an annular groove in the inner cylindrical wall and an outer diameter slightly greater than that of the outer diameter of said inner cylindrical wall. 'Positioned around the outer circum-ference of the inner cylindrical wall, adjacent to and above the "0" ring, was an annular shoulder which formed an integral part of the wall and served as a backing for said ring. Positioned around the outer circumference of the inner cylindrical wall near its baseg parallel to the rubber "0" ring near the top of said wall and 4,200 inches apart from it, was a second annular shoulder which also formed an integral part of the wall and which, like the "0" ring, had an outer diameter slightly greater than that of the inner cylindrical wall.
The universal joint was placed vertically with the mating section at the top and the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section was filled with an epoxy resin binder system composed of one hundred (100) parts by weight of a commercially available liquid epoxy resin produced by the reaclion of epichlorohydrin and 2,2-bis(hydroxy-: :
.
: : ' 11, 063 Jlt3~3Z3Z
phenyl)propane (Epikote 828, manufactured by Shell Chemicals UK Ltd.) and twenty-seven (27) parts by weight of a diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM epoxy resin hardener, manufactured by Anchor Chemical Co. UK Ltd.). This binder system was also used to coat the inner and outer surfaces o~ one end of a tubular carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy drive shaft which had an inner diameter of 4.574 inches, an outer diameter of 5.074 inches, and ~as designed to fit into the annular cavity betwesn the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section of the universal joint (the coating was applied only to the portion o the drive shaft which was to be inserted into the annular space). The coated end of the drive sha~t was then inserted into the annular cavity and fitted snugly over the "O" ring at the top of the inner cylin-drical wall of the m~ting section of the universal joint.
The shaft ~as then slowly pushed further into the annular cavity, thereby causing excess bonding agent present :in the annular cavity to flow out via the space between the outer circumference of the tubular shat and the inner circumference of the outer cylindrical wall. Finally, the shaft was pressed snugly into place over the annular shoulder near the base o~ the inner cylindrical wall o the mating section of the universal joint, thereby effec~ing a second seal between the inner circumference o~ the shaft and the outer circumference o the inner 11, 063 73~3Z
cylindrical wall which, together with the seal effected by the "0" ring at the top of the inner cylindrical wall, permanently entrapped the bonding agent which filled the annular space between the two walls so as to prevent escape or leakage of the bonding agent. In addition to prev~nting escape or leakage of bonding agent present between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall, the "0" ring and annular shoulder ensure that ~he shaft is in axial alignment with the inner cylindrical wall.
The exterior of the drive shaft was then wiped free of bonding agent which had exuded rom the space between the outer circumference of the tubular shaft and the inner circumference of the outer cylindrical wall of the bonding socket of the mating section of the uni-versal joint when the shaft was inserted into the bonding socket. The bonding agent remaining in the bonding socket was then allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 hours to cause it to solidify. During this time, the universal joint and the attached tubular shaft were keptin a verti-cal position ~o prevent the bonding agent from flowing out o the space between the outer circumference of the tubular shaft and the inner circumference of the outer cylindrical wall. After the bonding agent had cured to the solid state, it was post cured by heating at a temper-ature of 180C. for 1 hour.
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11,063 ~q3~3Z
A like universal joint was then attached to the..other end of the tubular shaft in like manner. The mating section of the second universal joint contained an air bleed hole positioned in its axis to allow air to escape when the sha~t was pushed into it.
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23~ 11,063 An alternative method of bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting having a rod-shaped mating section is to first insert the mating section into the shaft, and then inject the bonding agent into the annular space between the mating section and the shaft from a hole in the side of the shaft. A second hole in the side of the shaft is also necessary in such case, of course, to allow for the release of air displaced by the bonding agent. However, not only is this technique quite slow, but oftentimes it fails to completely fill the annular space between the mating section and the shaft with bonding agent, resulting in voids between them and a poor bond.
Visual inspection of the joint, of course, is not possible, so that the presence of such voids, and the r sulting poor bond, goes undetected.
One very effective way of bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting having a rod-shaped mating sec-tion is disclosed in United States Pat. No. 4,041,599.
Said method comprises: (1) fitting a pair of parallel annular grooves positioned near the base and top of the mating section of the end fitting with a pair of resil- `
ient sealing rings having inner diameters such that they are retained in place by the grooves and outer diameters greater than that of the mating section, said sealing rings being designed to fit snugly into the tubular shaft and form a tight fit between the mating section and the shaft; ~2) inserting the base of the mating , ~, ,~
- ., . : , . . . .. i : ~
~.73Z~ 11,063 section containing the first of said resilient sealing rings into one end of the tubular shaft so as to compress said resilient sealing ring snugly between the mating section and the inner circumference of that end of said tubular shaft, said end of said tubular shaft having the neck of a funnel tightly fitted about its outer circum-ference; (3) filling the funnel with a suitable liquid bonding agent; (4) further inserting the mating section of the end fitting into the tubular shaft, thereby creating a vacuum in the annular spacing between said mating section and said tubular shaft so as to cause the bonding agent in the funnel to flow into and fill said annular spacing; ~5) continuing to insert the mating section of the end fitting into the tubular shaft until the annular space between said ma~ing section and said tubular shaft has been completely illed with bond-ing agent and the second resilient sealing ring at the top of the mating,section has beenforced into the shaft and snugly compressed between said mating section and said tubular shaft, thereby entrapping and sealing said bonding agent in said annular space, and (6) curing said bonding agent to the thermoset state so as to bond the sh~ft cmd the mating section of the end fitting together. ~Not only does this method provide a secure bond between the mating section of the end fitting and the shaft, but it also assures accurate centering of the mating section in the shaft. For this reason it 11,063 ~ 3~3'~
is particularly suitable whenever concentric alignment of the mating section of an end fi~ting in a sha~t is necessary, such as when thP mating section of a universal joint fitting is bonded to a clrive shaft. However, while the joint produced in this marmer has bee.n found satis-actory for most applications and capable of transmitting relatively high torqu~ loads 9 it has not been found satis-factory for transmitting extremely high torque loads.
Thus, although fully acceptable as a bond between a universal joint fitting and a drive shaft when such assembly is used in automobiles, the joint produced in this manner has been found wanting when such assembly is used in trucks.
SUMM~RY OF THE INVENTION
.
The present invention provides a method for securely bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting to produce an assembly wherein the shaft and end fitting are in axial alignment and which is capable of trans-mitting high torque, which method makes use of an end fitting provided with a mating section having two con-centric cylindrical walls which describe an annular cavity or socket adapted to receive the tubular shaft therein. Said process comprises: (1) fitting an annular groove positioned near the top of the inner cylindrical ,, ..
-~ ~ . . :
-- 11,063 ~q32 3'~
resilient sealing ring having an inner diameter such ~hat it is retained in place by the groove and an outer diameter greater than that of the oute:r diameter of said inner cylindrical wall, said sealing ring being designed to fit snugly into the tubular shaft and form a tight fi between said inner cylindrical wall and thP shat; (2) filling the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting with a suitable liquid bonding agent; (3) inserting one end of the tubular shaft into the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting so as to compress the resilient sealin~
ring at the top of the inner cylindrical wall snugly be- .
tween said inner cylindrical wall and the inner circum- . :
ference of the tubular shaft and effect a seal therebe-tween; ~4) further inserting the tubular shaft into the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting, thereby displacing excess bonding ag~nt present in the annular : 20 cavity and causing said excess bonding agent to 10w out of said annular cavity via the space between the outer ~ circum~erence of the tubular shaft and the inner circum- -: ference o the outer cylindrical wall o the mating sec-tion; (5) continuing to insert the tubular shaft into the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical ... '~ , - .
11,063 ~ 3Z32 walls of the mating section of the end fitting until said tubular shaft has been forced into place over an annular shoulder positioned near the base of the inner cylindrical wall, said annular shoulder having an outer diametPr greater than that of the outer diameter of said inner cylindrical wall and being designed to it snugly into the tubular shaft and form a tight fit between said inner cylindrical wall and the inner circumference of said tubular shaft;
and (6) curing said bonding agent to the thermoset state so as to bond the shaft and the mating section of the end fitting together in axial alignment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Figure la is a partial cutaway elevation view showing a universal joint having a mating section pro-vided with a bonding socket adapted to receive a tubular drive shaft as such a shaft is being inserted into the bonding socket.
Figure lb is a partial cutaway elevation view ; showing the universal joint and tubular drive ~haft of Figure la after the tubular shaft has been fully inserted : ~ into the bonding socket and bonded to the mating section of the universal joint, : D AILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
While the~invention is generally useful whenever secure boncling of a tubular shaft to an end fitting is .
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desired, it is particularly applicable whenever the assembly is required to carry a very high torque load, such as when a universal joint fittin~ is bonded to a drive shaft and the assembly is employed a~ part of the drive train system of a truck. The high torque carrying capacity of the joint produced in accordance with the invention results from the fact that the shaft is bonded to the mating section of the end fitting on both its interior and exterior surfaces and is in axial alignment with the end itting. Such axial alignment of the shaft and the end fitting results from the presence of the resilient sealing ring positioned near the top of the inner cylindrical wall of the mating section, and the annular shoulder positioned near the base of said inner cylindrical wall, which contact the inner surface of the ~ubular shaft and center the shaft around said wall when the shaft is inserted into the bonding socket of the end fitting. I In addition to centering the shaft and retaining itin proper geome~ric relationship to the inner cylindrical wall, the resilient sealing ring and annular shoulder serve to retain and prevent leakage of bonding agent present in the space between said wall and the inner surface of the shaft.
E'eierring now to the drawings, universal joint .
10 is provided with a mating section 11 having sn inner cylindrica:L wali 12 and a concentric outer cylindrical , .
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11,063 l~q3Z3;~
.
wall 13 which together describe an annular cavity or socket 14. Positioned around the outer circumference of the inner cylindrical wall near its top is a rubber sealing ring 15. Ring 15 has an inner diameter such that it is retained in place by means of an annular groove (not shown) in inner cylindrical wall 12 and an outer diameter slightly greater than that of the outer diameter of said inner cylindrical wall. Preferably, annular shoulder 16 is positioned around the outer circumference of the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above ring 15 and serves as a backing or said ring. Positioned around the outer circumerence of the inner cylindrical wall near its base and parallel to rubber sealing ring 15 is annular shoulder 17. Annular shoulder 17 has an outer diameter slightly greater than that of the outer diameter of inner cylindrical wall 12 and may either be an integral part of the inner cylindri-cal wall or a second sealing ring held in place on the innex cylindrical wall in the same manner as sealing ring 15. Both ring 15 and shoulder 17 have outer diame-ters such that they will fit snugly and orm a tight fit between the outer circumference of inner cylindrical wall 12 and the inner circumference of tubular carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy drive shaft 18 when tubular shaft 18 is inserted into the annular space between inner cylindrical wall 12 and outer cylindrical wall 13. Inner ~, .
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11,063 ~J3'~
cylindrical wall 12 has an uuter diameter of 4.534 inches.
Outer cylindrical wall 13 has an inner diameter of 5.234 inches. Together the two walls describe an annular cavity or bonding socket 0.350 inches wide and 4.500 inches long.
Tubular shaft 18 has an inner diameter of 4.574 inches, an outer diameter of 5.074 inches, and is 0.250 inches wide.
Ring 15 and shoulder 17 are spaced 4.200 inches apart.
After annular cavity 14 between the outer c;r-cumference of inner cylindrical wall 12 and the inner circumference of outer cylindrical wall 13 is filled with a suitable liquid bonding agent, tubular shaft 18 is inserted into the annular cavity and fitted snugly over rubber sealing ring 15 positioned near the top of cylindrical wall 12. Rubber sealing ring 15 is thereby compressed so that it fits snugly between the outer circumference of inner cylindrical wall 12 and the inner circumference of tubular shaft 18 and bonding agent present in annular cavity 14 is precluded from escaping between said sha~t and said inner cylindrical ..
wali, As a result, as tubular shaft 18 is further in-serted into annular cav~ty 14, any bonding agent displaced from the annular cavity is forced to flow out via the space between the outer circumference of tubular shaft 18 and the inner circumference of outer cylindrical wall 13 (annular space 14a). At the same time, ,he vacuum seal created by sealing ring 15 ensures that the space between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall 10 - "
.... .
~ 3~3% 11~063 (annular space 14b) remains filled with bonding agent as the shaft is inserted into the annular cavity. Finally tubular shat 18 is forced into place over annular shoulder 17 which, like sealing ring 15, fits tightly between the outer circumference of inner cylindrical wall 12 and the inner circumference of tubular shaft 18. As a result, the bonding agent present between thP shaft and the inner cylindrical wall is now permanently entrapped therebetween.
In addition to preventing escape or leakage o bonding agent present between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall, ring 15 and annular shoulder 17 ensure'that the shaft is in axial alig~ment with the inner cylindrical wall.
In order to facilitate insertion of tubular shaft 18 into annular cavity 14, the inner and outer '~
sur~aces of the end of the tubular shaft to be inserted into the annular cavity are preferably coated with the bonding agant before the shaft is inserted into the cavity. To secure,a better bond between the tubular shaft and the walls of the cavity, it is also preferred that the surfaces of the tubular shaft which are ~o be inserted into the cavity be abraded, and that the walls of the cavity be etched with acid. ' Aft:er tubular shat 18 has been fully inserted into annular cavity 14 and forced into place over annular shoulder 17, any excess bonding agent on the exterior of sha~t 18 may be wipPd away,. The bonding agent in annular space 14 is then cured, tbereby completing the - 11,063 ~0~3Z3~
process. If desired, a similar a~tachment may be made at the other end of the shaft. In such case, a hole should first be made in the mating section of said attachment to allow for the escape of air when the shaft is inserted into said mating section.
In order to ensure c~ial alignment and proper bonding of the shaft and ~he end fitting, the radial space b~tween the two concentric cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end~fitting is preferably between 0.260 inches and 0.360 inchesg and the wall of the shaft is between 0.240 inches and 0.300 inches thick. Most prefer-ably, a spacing of 0.350 inches is provided between the two concentric cylindrical walls, the wall of the shaft is 0.250 inches thick, and the outer diameters of the sealing ring and annular shoulder about the top and bottom inner cylindrical wall are such that when the shaft is positioned on the sealing ring and annular shoulder, and thereby concentrically aligned between the two walls~ -there is a spacing of from 0.010 and 0.030 inches between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall, most preferably O.020 inches. The annular cavity between the two concen;
tri~ w~lls is suitably 4.500 inches long.
AI1Y low viscosity liquid bonding agent capable Df adhering to both the mating section of the end fitting and the tubular shaft can be employed in the process of '" '' ,'' "' ~ - 12 - , - , , , . - ~ ......................... - . - .
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~3~3~ 11,063 the present invention, provided that such bonding agent does not give of~ volatiles on curing. An epoxy resin binder system is preferred because of its abili~y to adhere to a widespread number of materials and its good bonding characteristîcs. Such system comprises an epoxy resin together with a reactive resin hardener and/or an epoxy polymerization catalyst in an amount conventionally used in the art to cure epoxy resins.
The following example is set forth for purposes of illustration so that those skilled in the art may better understand this invention. It should be under-stood that it is exemplary only, and should not be con-strued as limiting this invention in any manner.
. . .
EXAMPLE
The process of the invention was employed to axially align and bond a tubular shaft to an end ~itting to produce an assembly capable of transmitting high torque. The tubular shaft selected was a carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy drive shaft, and the end fitting employed was a universal joint which was provided with a mating ~ection having two concentric cylindrical walls which together described an annular cavity or socket adapted to receive the tubular shaft, The inner cylindrical wall had an outer diameter of 4c534 inches, the outer cylindrical wall had an inner diameter of 5.234 inches, ., , -11,063 iO~3Z3'~
and the annular cavity or socket between the two walls was 0.350 inches wide and 4.500 inches long. A rubber "0" ring was fitted around the outer circumference of the inner cylindrical wall near the top of said wall.
The "0" ring had an inner diarneter such that it was retained in place by means of an annular groove in the inner cylindrical wall and an outer diameter slightly greater than that of the outer diameter of said inner cylindrical wall. 'Positioned around the outer circum-ference of the inner cylindrical wall, adjacent to and above the "0" ring, was an annular shoulder which formed an integral part of the wall and served as a backing for said ring. Positioned around the outer circumference of the inner cylindrical wall near its baseg parallel to the rubber "0" ring near the top of said wall and 4,200 inches apart from it, was a second annular shoulder which also formed an integral part of the wall and which, like the "0" ring, had an outer diameter slightly greater than that of the inner cylindrical wall.
The universal joint was placed vertically with the mating section at the top and the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section was filled with an epoxy resin binder system composed of one hundred (100) parts by weight of a commercially available liquid epoxy resin produced by the reaclion of epichlorohydrin and 2,2-bis(hydroxy-: :
.
: : ' 11, 063 Jlt3~3Z3Z
phenyl)propane (Epikote 828, manufactured by Shell Chemicals UK Ltd.) and twenty-seven (27) parts by weight of a diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM epoxy resin hardener, manufactured by Anchor Chemical Co. UK Ltd.). This binder system was also used to coat the inner and outer surfaces o~ one end of a tubular carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy drive shaft which had an inner diameter of 4.574 inches, an outer diameter of 5.074 inches, and ~as designed to fit into the annular cavity betwesn the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section of the universal joint (the coating was applied only to the portion o the drive shaft which was to be inserted into the annular space). The coated end of the drive sha~t was then inserted into the annular cavity and fitted snugly over the "O" ring at the top of the inner cylin-drical wall of the m~ting section of the universal joint.
The shaft ~as then slowly pushed further into the annular cavity, thereby causing excess bonding agent present :in the annular cavity to flow out via the space between the outer circumference of the tubular shat and the inner circumference of the outer cylindrical wall. Finally, the shaft was pressed snugly into place over the annular shoulder near the base o~ the inner cylindrical wall o the mating section of the universal joint, thereby effec~ing a second seal between the inner circumference o~ the shaft and the outer circumference o the inner 11, 063 73~3Z
cylindrical wall which, together with the seal effected by the "0" ring at the top of the inner cylindrical wall, permanently entrapped the bonding agent which filled the annular space between the two walls so as to prevent escape or leakage of the bonding agent. In addition to prev~nting escape or leakage of bonding agent present between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall, the "0" ring and annular shoulder ensure that ~he shaft is in axial alignment with the inner cylindrical wall.
The exterior of the drive shaft was then wiped free of bonding agent which had exuded rom the space between the outer circumference of the tubular shaft and the inner circumference of the outer cylindrical wall of the bonding socket of the mating section of the uni-versal joint when the shaft was inserted into the bonding socket. The bonding agent remaining in the bonding socket was then allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 hours to cause it to solidify. During this time, the universal joint and the attached tubular shaft were keptin a verti-cal position ~o prevent the bonding agent from flowing out o the space between the outer circumference of the tubular shaft and the inner circumference of the outer cylindrical wall. After the bonding agent had cured to the solid state, it was post cured by heating at a temper-ature of 180C. for 1 hour.
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11,063 ~q3~3Z
A like universal joint was then attached to the..other end of the tubular shaft in like manner. The mating section of the second universal joint contained an air bleed hole positioned in its axis to allow air to escape when the sha~t was pushed into it.
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Claims (32)
1. A process for securely bonding a tubular shaft to an end fitting provided with a mating section having two concentric cylindrical walls which describe an annular cavi-ty adapted to receive the tubular shaft therein to produce an assembly wherein the shaft and end fitting are in axial alignment and which is capable of transmitting high torque which comprises: (1) fitting an annular groove positioned near the top of the inner cylindrical wall of the mating section of the end fitting with a resilient sealing ring having an inner diameter such that it is retained in place by the groove and an outer diameter greater than that of the outer diameter of said inner cylindrical wall, said sealing ring being designed to fit snugly into the tubular shaft and form a tight fit between said inner cylindrical wall and the shaft; (2) filling the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting with a suitable liquid bonding agent; (3) inserting one end of the tubular shaft into the annular cavi-ty between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mat-ing section of the end fitting so as to compress the resil-ient sealing ring at the top of the inner cylindrical wall snugly between said inner cylindrical wall and the inner circumference of the tubular shaft and effect a seal there-between; (4) further inserting the tubular shaft into the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting, thereby displacing excess bonding agent present in the annular cavity and caus-ing said excess bonding agent to flow out of said annular cavity via the space between the outer circumference of the 11,063 tubular shaft and the inner circumference of the outer cy-lindrical wall of the mating section; (5) continuing to in-sert the tubular shaft into the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting until said tubular shaft has been forced into place over an annular shoulder positioned near the base of the inner cylindrical wall, said annular shoulder having an outer diameter greater than that of the outer di-ameter of said inner cylindrical wall and being designed to fit snugly into the tubular shaft and form a tight fit be-tween said inner cylindrical wall and the inner circumfer-ence of said tubular shaft; and (6) curing said bonding agent to the thermoset state so as to bond the shaft and the mating section of the end fitting together in axial alignment, there being present a spacing between the outer circumference of the shaft and the inner circumference of the outer cylindrical wall of the mating section of the end fitting as well as between the inner circumference of the shaft and the outer circumference of the inner cylindri-cal wall of the mating section of the end fitting.
2. A process as in claim 1 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the resilient sealing ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
3. A process as in claim 1 wherein the radial space between the two concentric cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting is between 0.260 inches and 0.360 inches, the wall of the tubular shaft is between 0.240 inches and 0.300 inches thick, the space between the 11,063 shaft and the inner cylindrical wall is between 0.010 inches and 0.030 inches, and the annular cavity between the two concentric walls is 4.500 inches long.
4. A process as in claim 3 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the resilient sealing ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
5. A process as in claim 1 wherein the resilient sealing ring on the inner cylindrical wall of the mating section of the end fitting is a rubber "0" ring.
6. A process as in claim 5 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the rubber "0" ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
7. A process as in claim 5 wherein the radial space between the two concentric cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting is between 0.260 inches and 0.360 inches, the wall of the tubular shaft is between 0.240 inches and 0.300 inches thick, the space between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall is between 0.010 inches and 0.030 inches, and the annular cavity between the two concentric walls is 4.500 inches long.
8. A process as in claim 7 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the rubber "0" ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
9. A process as in claim 1 wherein a universal 11,063 joint and a tubular drive shaft are bonded together in axi-al alignment.
10. A process as in claim 9 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the resilient sealing ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
11. A process as in claim 9 wherein the radial space between the two concentric cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting is between 0.260 inches and 0.360 inches, the wall of the tubular shaft is between 0.240 inches and 0.300 inches thick, the space between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall is between 0.010 inches and 0.030 inches, and the annular cavity between the two concentric walls is 4.500 inches long.
12. A process as in claim 11 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the resilient sealing ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
13. A process as in claim 9 wherein the resilient sealing ring on the inner cylindrical wall of the mating section of the end fitting is a rubber "0" ring.
14. A process as in claim 13 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the rubber "O" ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
15. A process as in claim 13 wherein the radial space between the two concentric cylindrical walls of the 11,063 mating section of the end fitting is between 0.260 inches and 0.360 inches, the wall of the tubular shaft is between 0.240 inches and 0.300 inches thick, the space between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall is between 0.010 inches and 0.030 inches, and the annular cavity between the two concentric walls is 4.500 inches long.
16. A process as in claim 15 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the rubber "0" ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
17. A joint comprising a tubular shaft and an end fitting provided with a mating section having two concentric cylindrical walls which describe an annular cavity, said shaft being positioned in said annular cavity between said two concentric cylindrical walls and bonded to said walls by means of a cured bonding agent, said shaft being axially aligned with said end fitting by means of a resilient seal-ing ring positioned near the top of the inner cylindrical wall of the mating section of the end fitting and a paral-lel annular shoulder positioned near the base of said wall, there being present a spacing between the outer circumfer-ence of the shaft and the inner circumference of the outer cylindrical wall of the mating section of the end fitting as well as between the inner circumference of the shaft and the outer circumference of the inner cylindrical wall of the mating section of the end fitting.
18. A joint as in claim 17 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall 11,063 adjacent to and above the resilient sealing ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
19. A joint as in claim 17 wherein the radial space between the two concentric cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting is between 0.260 inches and 0.360 inches, the wall of the tubular shaft is between 0.240 inches and 0.300 inches thick, the space between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall is between 0.010 inches and 0.030 inches, and the annular cavity between the two concentric walls is 4.500 inches long.
20. A joint as in claim 19 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall ad-jacent to and above the resilient sealing ring, which shoul-der serves as a backing for said ring.
21. A joint as in claim 17 wherein the resilient sealing ring on the inner cylindrical wall of the mating section of the end fitting is a rubber "O" ring.
22. A joint as in claim 21 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the rubber "O" ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
23. A joint as in claim 21 wherein the radial space between the two concentric cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting is between 0.260 inches and 0.360 inches, the wall of the tubular shaft is between 0.240 inches and 0.300 inches thick, the space between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall is between 0.010 inches and 0.030 inches, and the annular cavity between the two con-centric walls is 4.500 inches long.
11,063
11,063
24. A joint as in claim 23 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the rubber "O" ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
25. A joint as in claim 17 wherein a universal joint and a tubular drive shaft are bonded together in axi-al alignment.
26. A joint as in claim 25 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the resilient sealing ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
27. A joint as in claim 25 wherein the radial space between the two concentric cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting is between 0.260 inches and 0.360 inches, the wall of the tubular shaft is between 0.240 inches and 0.300 inches thick, the space between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall is between 0.010 inches and 0.030 inches, and the annular cavity be-tween the two concentric walls is 4.500 inches long.
28. A joint as in claim 27 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the resilient sealing ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
29. A joint as in claim 25 wherein the resilient sealing ring on the inner cylindrical wall of the mating section of the end fitting is a rubber "O" ring.
30. A joint as in claim 29 wherein an annular 11,063 shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the rubber "O" ring, which shoulder serves as a backing for said ring.
31. A joint as in claim 29 wherein the radial space between the two concentric cylindrical walls of the mating section of the end fitting is between 0.260 inches and 0.360 inches, the wall of the tubular shaft is between 0.240 inches and 0.300 inches thick, the space between the shaft and the inner cylindrical wall is between 0.010 inches and 0.030 inches, and the annular cavity be-tween the two concentric walls is 4.500 inches long.
32. A joint as in claim 31 wherein an annular shoulder is positioned around the inner cylindrical wall adjacent to and above the rubber "O" ring, which sholder serves as a backing for said ring.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US75381976A | 1976-12-23 | 1976-12-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1073232A true CA1073232A (en) | 1980-03-11 |
Family
ID=25032286
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA292,176A Expired CA1073232A (en) | 1976-12-23 | 1977-12-01 | Method of producing a joint capable of transmitting high torque |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5836210B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1073232A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2756969C3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1587829A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3032370A1 (en) * | 1980-08-28 | 1982-04-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | CONNECTION FOR TRANSMITTING TORQUE IN TORSIONAL SOFT PIPES |
| FR2576645B1 (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1988-03-25 | Aerospatiale | METHOD FOR SOLIDARIZING AN ELEMENT AT THE END OF A TUBE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND DEVICE THUS OBTAINED |
| JPS6466878A (en) * | 1987-09-07 | 1989-03-13 | Alpine Electronics Inc | Tracking servo control system |
| DE4133442A1 (en) * | 1991-10-09 | 1993-04-15 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg | Ball race with glued on rims for antifriction bearing - has collar to support rim on ring, with connected gap to contain adhesive |
| JP2011140975A (en) * | 2010-01-06 | 2011-07-21 | Mitsubishi Plastics Inc | Tubular connection body and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP6675325B2 (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2020-04-01 | ダイバージェント テクノロジーズ， インコーポレイテッドＤｉｖｅｒｇｅｎｔ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ， Ｉｎｃ． | Modularly formed nodes for vehicle chassis and methods of using them |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1951122A (en) * | 1931-11-20 | 1934-03-13 | Balze Paul | Interlocked solder joint and method of making the same |
| DE1243925B (en) * | 1960-10-06 | 1967-07-06 | Fuller Co | Attachment of an impeller on a shaft |
| AT297424B (en) * | 1968-07-22 | 1972-03-27 | Industriebedarf Ges M B H | Pipe socket connection |
| GB1330313A (en) * | 1970-09-23 | 1973-09-19 | British Aircraft Corp Ltd | Composite structures |
-
1977
- 1977-12-01 CA CA292,176A patent/CA1073232A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-21 DE DE2756969A patent/DE2756969C3/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-22 GB GB53400/77A patent/GB1587829A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-22 JP JP52155035A patent/JPS5836210B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5379142A (en) | 1978-07-13 |
| JPS5836210B2 (en) | 1983-08-08 |
| DE2756969C3 (en) | 1982-03-18 |
| DE2756969B2 (en) | 1981-07-16 |
| GB1587829A (en) | 1981-04-08 |
| DE2756969A1 (en) | 1978-06-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |