CA1071962A - Combined fireplace hood and heating unit - Google Patents
Combined fireplace hood and heating unitInfo
- Publication number
- CA1071962A CA1071962A CA241,419A CA241419A CA1071962A CA 1071962 A CA1071962 A CA 1071962A CA 241419 A CA241419 A CA 241419A CA 1071962 A CA1071962 A CA 1071962A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fireplace
- housing
- unit
- set forth
- unit set
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
- F24B1/188—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas
- F24B1/1885—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas the heat exchange medium being air only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
- F24D5/02—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating with discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning Room Units, And Self-Contained Units In General (AREA)
Abstract
AR:WJW:RCC:cew COMBINED FIREPLACE HOOD AND HEATING UNIT
Abstract A combined fireplace hood and heating unit which is adapted to be mounted as an assembled unit to the lintel of a pre-existing fireplace. The unit includes a fireplace hood formed as an elongated housing, and a pair of U-shaped heat exchanging ducts each having a rectangular cross section and each extending in cantilever fashion from the rear of the housing. Brackets are provided at the front-to-back center of gravity of the unit for suspending the unit from a fireplace lintel such that the housing is carried externally of the fireplace and the heat exchanging ducts extend rearwardly into the fireplace over the fire or hearth area. The housing itself is the only connecting duct between the blowers and the intake vent, so that cool air entering through the intake vent tends to circulate throughout the housing and cool all components therein before being forced through the heat exchangers.
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Abstract A combined fireplace hood and heating unit which is adapted to be mounted as an assembled unit to the lintel of a pre-existing fireplace. The unit includes a fireplace hood formed as an elongated housing, and a pair of U-shaped heat exchanging ducts each having a rectangular cross section and each extending in cantilever fashion from the rear of the housing. Brackets are provided at the front-to-back center of gravity of the unit for suspending the unit from a fireplace lintel such that the housing is carried externally of the fireplace and the heat exchanging ducts extend rearwardly into the fireplace over the fire or hearth area. The housing itself is the only connecting duct between the blowers and the intake vent, so that cool air entering through the intake vent tends to circulate throughout the housing and cool all components therein before being forced through the heat exchangers.
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Description
9~
The present invention relates to Eireplace heating units and, more particularly, to a combined fireplace hood and heating unit which may be installed as an assembled unit into a pre-existing conventional residential fireplace.
It is well recognized in the ~home heating art that a fireplace, per se, provides an inefficient means for heating a room since most of the heated ~ ;
convection currents pass up the chimney, leaving only the radiation from the fire as the primary source o room heat. Devices or supplementlng the heating capability of a fireplace have been previously introduced. Such device~ often take the form of hollow members directly exposed to a fire in the fireplace, so that air is drawn from the room either by a blower or by heat convection, heated in the hollow members and then discharged into the room. Many devices of this type take the orm of fireplace grates wherein the hollow members 8upport and are in direct contact with the burning ~uel. Being exposed to the maximum ~leat of the fire, the hollow members or gra~es rapidly become corroded even though such members may be fabricated of relatively heavy pipe '~: '' :
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material. Furthermore, air discharged into the room from grate devices of this type tends to be at a dangerously high temperature, and components associated therewith are often exposed to such high temperatures near the discharge vent that severe burns could occur if the components are touched and/or the components may themselves sustain heat damage. For these and other reasons, heating devices of this type tend to be short lived and subject to frequent repair. Grate-iO type devices of the character described are shown, "
Eor example, in U.S. patent Nos. 2,8Z8,078; 3,001,521, 3,~52,737 and 3,635,211.
Yet another class of devices previously pro-vided to enhance the heating capability of a fireplace is of the type generally intended to be built into the fireplace as the fireplace is originally constructed.
~lthough devices of this type may prove satisfactory in many instances, they have an obvious disadvantage in that they are not readily adaptable to the large number of cases in which the fireplace in question is ; already constructed. Later installation of such de-vices would usually require major reconstruction of a pre-existing fireplace and would, therefore, be generally unsatisfactory in such applicationsO De-vices of the type in question are shown, for example,
The present invention relates to Eireplace heating units and, more particularly, to a combined fireplace hood and heating unit which may be installed as an assembled unit into a pre-existing conventional residential fireplace.
It is well recognized in the ~home heating art that a fireplace, per se, provides an inefficient means for heating a room since most of the heated ~ ;
convection currents pass up the chimney, leaving only the radiation from the fire as the primary source o room heat. Devices or supplementlng the heating capability of a fireplace have been previously introduced. Such device~ often take the form of hollow members directly exposed to a fire in the fireplace, so that air is drawn from the room either by a blower or by heat convection, heated in the hollow members and then discharged into the room. Many devices of this type take the orm of fireplace grates wherein the hollow members 8upport and are in direct contact with the burning ~uel. Being exposed to the maximum ~leat of the fire, the hollow members or gra~es rapidly become corroded even though such members may be fabricated of relatively heavy pipe '~: '' :
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. ~:
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material. Furthermore, air discharged into the room from grate devices of this type tends to be at a dangerously high temperature, and components associated therewith are often exposed to such high temperatures near the discharge vent that severe burns could occur if the components are touched and/or the components may themselves sustain heat damage. For these and other reasons, heating devices of this type tend to be short lived and subject to frequent repair. Grate-iO type devices of the character described are shown, "
Eor example, in U.S. patent Nos. 2,8Z8,078; 3,001,521, 3,~52,737 and 3,635,211.
Yet another class of devices previously pro-vided to enhance the heating capability of a fireplace is of the type generally intended to be built into the fireplace as the fireplace is originally constructed.
~lthough devices of this type may prove satisfactory in many instances, they have an obvious disadvantage in that they are not readily adaptable to the large number of cases in which the fireplace in question is ; already constructed. Later installation of such de-vices would usually require major reconstruction of a pre-existing fireplace and would, therefore, be generally unsatisfactory in such applicationsO De-vices of the type in question are shown, for example,
-2-~,~7~g6%
in U.S, patent ~os. 1,706,142; 1,766,601; 2,120,977 and 2,296,354. Such devices are also shown in British patent ~os. 4,445 and 759,793.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a heating unit specifically adapted to be easily and rapidly mounted to a pre-existing fireplace.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a fireplace heating unit which has the ex- :~
ternal appearance of and serves the same purpose as a ~
conventional fireplace hood. ...
Further objects of the present invenkion are to provide a combined fireplace hood and heating unit in which a larqe volume of heated air is provided at a relatively low exhaust velocity; in which the internal components, and particularly the blower motor, are ~
cooled by air returned from the room; in which the : :.
exposed hood portion of the heating unit external to the fireplace is cool to the touch; in which the heat exchanging portion of the unit is removed from direct contact wi~h materials burning in the fireplace; and ~
which provides efficient circulation of heated air within the room.
'' ,' "' ' ' ` ' ' .. .... .
~3-- .
The present invention broadly comprises a combination of an ornamental fireplace hood and a forced air heating unit. The hood portion is in the form of an elongated housing in which a blower is mounted. The housing is also equipped with a cool air intake vent and at least one warm air discharge vent.
A heat exchanger in the form of a U-shaped duct, pre-ferably having a rectangular cross section, passes from the blower through a rear wall of the housing, ~ ;
extends in cantilever fashion over the fire, returns through the wall o~ the housing and connects to the discharge vent. ~rackets are carried by the housing for mounting the housing and heat exchangers, as an assembled unit, to the lintel of a pre-existing fire-place. The brackets are preferably loca-ted at the approximate front-to-back center of gravity of the combined unit to facilitate the mounting operation.
In assembly to a fireplace, the housing is carried externally of the fireplace.
A thermostat carried by the housing energizes the blower motor only when the temperature within the fireplace has reached a predetermined level, so that cold air will not be discharged into the room. Since the housing itself is the only connection (i.e., air ~719~Z
flow duct work) between the blower and the inta~e vent, cool air entering through the intake vent tends to circulate throughout the housing be:Eore entering the blower, thereby cooling both the housing itself and all components therein, including the blower motor.
After being warmed over the fire, the air is discharged into the room through the discharge vent at a low velocity, at a warm but not hot temperature. The rectangular cross sectional shape of the heat exchanger which is presently preEerred insures intimate contact between the exchanger outer surEace ~nd the warming convection currents risiny Erom the fire. rrhis contact promotes a substantially uniEorm heat transfer and a gradual but highly efficient warming of a large mass of air within the heat exchanger. Preferably, the heat exchanger ducts are relatively wide to promote maximum contact between the air to be heated and the i.nside bottom oE the heat exchangers. Hence, a large volume oE air may be passed therethrough an~ discharged ~0 into the room as a low velocity stream rather than as a high velocity jet.
The air intake and exhaust vents are pre-ferably disposed in the housing such that heated air is circulated in the associated room in a direction 7~96Z
which is reverse to normal heat convection. More specifically, the intake vent is located in the housing above the exhaust vent, preferably with the intake vent ;;
being disposed in a top housing panel and with two exhaust vents being located in a front housing panel on opposite sides of the intake vent longitudinally of the housing. The heated air at the exhaust vents is directed downwardly, under the cool air layer at the floor, such that the air circulates throughout the room in a circular fashion. ~s the cooler air is com-pressed upward by the warm air as it rises and is taken back into the heat unit at the intake vent, it is drawn from a vacuum zone created by the blower intake suction located adjacent to the face of the fireplace immediately above the hood.
The entire apparatus is made of lightweight materials. The heat exchanger is made of relatively thin, sheet steel and is protected by a high temperature, dull finish paint that not only resists corrosion but also promotes heat transfer therethrough. Since the heat e~changer of the present invention is not exposed to the severe environment of the grate-type of heat excha~gers, such thin, lightweight and, therefore, economical materials are feasible. Also, since the entire apparatus operates in a relatively cool environ-ment and discharges warm rather than hot air, repairs . . .. , ~ . . : . . . : . . . : :, .
~.~7~96;2 ' ~:
are seldom necessary and heat-induced damage is almost entirely obviated.
The novel ~eatures considered to be charac~
teristic of the present invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention it- :~
self, however, together with additional objects, fea-tures and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompan~ing draw.ings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a pres- ;
ently preferred embodiment of the combined fireplace hood and heating unit provided by the present invention :
installed in a typical fireplace; :
FIG. 2 is a top view of the unit shown in FIG. 1 with some parts broken away to show the interior : of the housing;
. .
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the unit shown in FIG. 1 and is taken on the line 3-3 of .
FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side elevatlonal view of the unit shown in FIG. l, again mounted in a fireplace, in . -which the fireplace is vertically centrally sectioned to better demonstrate the disposition of the combined fireplace hood and heating unit relative to the :Eire-place and ~ire area;
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FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of FIG. 2, FIG. 6 is a perspective, partially exploded view of the combined fireplace hood and heating unit;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of one portion of FIG. 4; and FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic diagrams of the flow patterns of heated air around two heated exchanger geometries and appear on the same sheet of drawings as 1.0 clo FIGS. 3-5.
Re~erring to the drawings, a pre~ntly pre-ferred embodiment 20 of the combined fireplace hood and heating unit provided by the present invention is shown mounted to the lintel 22 of a conventional, pre-existing f ireplace 24 (FIGS. l, 4 and 7). Unit 20 includes a fireplace hood 26 formed as an elongated enclosure or housing having separable front and rear panel portions 28,30 as best seen in FIG. 6. Front portion 2~ in- ;
cludes a top panel 32, a front panel 34 and a downwardly sloping panel 36 contiguous at its longitudinal edges - with and interconnecting top panel 32 with front panel 34 (all directional indications above and hereinafter being taken with respect to the mounted position of the combined unit 20 within a fireplace). A pair of side panels 38 slope outwardly and downwardly from top panel `~
32 along the edges of panels 36,34. A downwardly -., .;. . .
~[)7~9~Z
directed flange 40 extends lengthwise along the rear edge of panel 32. The bottom edges of side panels 38 and front panel 34 terminate in upwardly bent flanges 42,44 respectively. Rear panel portion 30 includes a back panel 46 and a bottom panel 48 having a downwardly turned flange 50 extending along its front edge. In assembly of hood 26, front portion 28 is fitted over rear portion 30 with flange 50 received into the slot formed by flange 44 and the adjacent lower edge of front panel 34. A plurality of sheet metal screws 52 extend through corresponding holes 54 in bac]c panel 46 into holes 56 in flange 40 to firmly attach hood portions 28,30 to each other. It will be noted, with -reference to E'IG. 7 for example, that, viewed endwise of the assembled hood, the rear edges of end panels 38 terminate short of rear panel 46, thereby leavin~ a small gap 58 between the respective panels. The purpose of this CJap will be explained hereln~fter.
A decorative strip 60 is carried lengthwise of hood 26 at the bend defined by panels 34,36, and is attached to the hood by a plurality of lock nuts 62 received over corresponding screws (not shown). A rod 64 (FIGS. 3 and 5) is fitted into corresponding holes (not shown) in flanges 42 and carries a conventional _9-~[37~62 fireplace screen 66. Screen 66 is operated by the usual draw cables (not shown) and handles 68. An intake vent 70 and a pair of exhaust vents 72,74 are provided in the front or outwardly facing portion 28 of hood 26, i.e., that portion of the hood which is visible and open to the touch. More specifically, intake vent 70 is dis-posed in top panel 32 at substantially the longitudinal center of hood 26. Similarly, exhaust or discharge vents 72,74 are disposed in front panel 34 on respec-tively opposite sides of intake vent 70 lengthwise of~he hood. Intake vent 70 ancl exhaust vents 72,74 may each comprise a plurality of directional louvers stamped into associated panels 32 during fabrication of hood portion 28, or may comprise separate louver plates, as shown in the drawings, fastened by sheet metal screws 76 over corresponding vent apertures in the associated panels.
A pair of generally U-shaped heat exchanging ducts 80,82 are carried by hood 26, ducts 80,82 having respective first ends 84,86 terminating at and fastened to rear panel 46 in registry with corresponding open-ings in the panel. Ducts 80,82 further include respec-tive second ends 88,90 extending through and fastened to corresponding apertures in panel 46. A widely -10- ,"
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~lLa37~ ;z flared nozzle 92 has an intake fitted over the duct end 88 and an exhaust in registry with exhaust vent 72. A pair of ears 94 extend laterally outwardly from the front side edges of nozzle 92 and have formed therein the respective holes 96 into which louver-fastening screws 76 are received. A tab 98 (FIG. 51 is bent downwardly from the top of nozzle 92 and is received inside duct end 88 to hold the noz~le in position on rear panel portion 30 prior to assembly of front portion 28 khereto. A second noz~le 100 which is iclentical ko nozzle 92 connects duct end 90 with exhaust venk 74. Thus, heat exchanginy ducts 80, 82 are in open and common communication with intake vent 70 via the enclosure defined by hood 26, and connect the intake vent with the respective exhaust vents 72,74. -A brace 102 is fixedly welded or otherwise `
mounted between duck ends 84,86 inwardly of rear panel 46 to space the ducts from each other and to form with ducts 84,86 and panel 46 a stiffening box section for support of the rear panel. It has been found that, without brace 102, heating of the ducts and heat from -ducts 80,82 causes rear panel 46 to warp and buckle under severe operating conditions. Sufficient space , ~
16~7~62 is provided between duct ends 84,86 for passage there-between of an appropriate fireplace damper closing lever or chain (not shown). Preferably, nozzles 92,100 are designed to direct heated air downwardly into the room at an angle calculated such that the warm exhaust air will hit the floor of the room about twelve feet from the fireplace front wall. Thus, downwardly direc-tional nozzles 92,100, in combination wi-th the dispo-sition of exhaust vents 72,74 in front panel 34 and oE intake vent 70 in top panel 30, promote a circular ~low o~ air in the room in a direction opposite to the normal convection flow of heated air: i.e., heated air is blown downwardly under the cool air layer at the floor from exhaust vents 72,74 as depicted at 102 of ;
FIG. 4. As the cooler air is compressed upward by the : ~
warm air as it rises and is taken back into the heating ~ :
unit at the intake vent 70, it is drawn from a vacuum zone created by the blower intake suction located im-mediately above the hood as depicted at 104 in FIG. 4.
Moreover, the preferred dispostion of the intake and exhaust vents described above is believed to have a minimal effect upon the natural draft of the fireplace. In a typical domestic fireplace, the move-ment of convection currents and exhaust gasses through the flue and up the fireplace chimney is known to draw air from the room, including from elevations s:Li~htly - above the lintel, beneath the lintel and into the flre-~C~7~96'~ `:
place. The action of this natural draft is d~picted at 106 of ~IG. 4. Location of intake vent 70 in front panel 34 or, worse, in bottom panel 48 would, due to suction pressures induced by blower operation, not only 5 detract from this natural draft, but would also tend to draw smoke from the fireplace into hood 26, which smoke would thereafter be heated and ejected into the room.
~ blower 108, comprisinc3 ~ pair of centrif-ugal or squ:Lrrel CaCJe fans 110,112 and a blower motor 114, is carried by panel wall 46 within hood 26, the respective outlets from fans 110,112 being aligned with duct ends 84,86. Thus, cold air entering vent 70 will circulate throughout the volume defined by hood 26 and cool both the hood panels and the components, especial-ly motor 114, carried therewithin. This cooling of the hood panels is further enhanced by the ahove-mentioned slots 58 at the respective sides of hood 26, which slots provide two additional intake vents which allow a small draft of air to be pulled into the hood Prorn the opposite longitudinal ends thereof and pass ;
along the hood panels toward the centrally disposed blower. In pratice, the slots 58 may be on the order o-f 0.125 inches wide and should thus admit only a small ., ~' ' " ,.
~C17~2 percentaye of the total amount of air taken into the hood, as on the order of five percent, the remaining 95 percent being taken in via the main intake vent 70.
These additional small intake vents, in a normal instal-lation, are disposed laterally beyond the side edges of the fireplace opening and thus, like vent 70, do not tend to draw in smoke from the fireplace or disturb the natural convection flow into the fireplace. In one working embodiment of the present invention blower 108 moves air throuyh the heat exchangers 80,82 at a rate of about one hundred fifty cubic feet per minute.
The above-described two-piece construction of hood 26 also helps maintain the outer or front :
hood portion 28, i.e., that portion of the hood which is exposed to the touch, at a safe temperature. The lower portion of rear panel 46 and bottom panels 48 are exposed to direct radiation from the fire and will, ~.
therefore, tend to become hot. In accordance with pres-ently preferred embodiments of the invention as above-described, the contact between flange 40 and rear panel ..
46 tends to be concentrated in the area of screws 52 with a layer of air separating the flange and panel for thé remaining length of the hood, whereby heat transfer between rear panel ~6 and front hood portion 28 is minimized. Similarly, the flange-in-groove arrange- ::
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ment between flanges 44,50 does not intimateLy connect bottom panel 48 to front panel 34, and therefore retards :
heat transfer therebetween. It will be recognized, of course, that such heat transfer may be further retarded by providing a layer of insùlation along the inside or outside of rear panel 46. Furthermore, the outside surfaces of panels 46,48 may be coated or coverecl with .::
suitable material, such as aluminum foil laminated to an asbestos panel, to reflect radiation from the fire, where desired, thereby minirnizing heat transfer to the hood as a whole. A thermostatic switch 116 (FIG. 2) is carried by rear panel 46 between and in close proximity to duct ends 84,86, and allows the air with-in fireplace 24 to reach a preselected temperature before turning on motor 114. This prevents initial circulation and discharge of cold air into the room.
Disposition o:E blower 108 within hood 26 to push rather than pull air through ducts 80,82 yields yet another advantage in the situation where heat and/
or corrosion has eaten a hole in one of the ducts. In such a situation, when a fire is initially started and the blower is not yet operating, smoke would leak into the duct and thence out the exhaust vents 72,74. How-ever, because vents 72,74 are located adjacent the area ~7~916Z
of natural draft of room air into the fireplace, as discussed above in connection with FIG. 4, the smoke which exits vents 72,74 will tend to be drawn back into the fireplace and up the chimney. Furthermore, when the temperature in the fireplace reaches the temperature at which thermostat 116 closes, air pushed into the leaking duct b~ the associated fan 110,112 will create a positive pressure differential in the duct which, in turn, tends to push the smoke back out the leak and to keep further smoke from entering. Thus, the combined Eireplace hood and heatiny unit provided by the present invention continues to operate, albeit at a slightly reduced efficiency, in spite of a leak in one of the heat exchanging ducts. Moreover, smoke exiting one of the vents 72,74 before the blower turns on provides an indication to a room occupant that the associated duct ;
is leaking and should be repaired.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention and as shown in the drawings, heat exchanging ducts 80,82 are substantially rectangular in transverse cross section and are carried above the base of the fireplace at a level at which flames from the fire impinge upon the bottom of the ducts. The position of ducts 84,86 relative to the fire is best exemplified in FIG. 4. It has been found that this cross sectional .
~L~7~62 configuration of ducts 80,82 inhibits the cxeation of a boundary layer or a partial vacuum around each duct which tends to insulate the duct from convection cur-rents rising from the fire. To illustrate, the flow of hot air convection currents around a heat exchanger 118 of rectangular cross section is schematically exemplified in FIG. 8. Hot air, assumed to have a ;
substantially laminar flow pattern prior to impingement `~
upon duct 118, flows upwardly and is incident upon the bottom of the duct. At this point, smooth flow of the air is interrupted and the air must traverse a right angle bend in the duct outer surface. As a result, the air assumes a turbulent flow pa-ttern as it travels up the sides of the duct, with resultant eddies along the sides and top surfaces of the ducts, thereby insuring more intimate, heat-exchanging contact between the air and duct surface. This may be contrasted with the sub-stantially laminar streamlined flow pattern around the circularly cross sectional heat exchanger 120 in FIG.
9. Although some heat is transferred to duct 120, boundary layers around the more aerodynamic surface of the duct render such heat transfer much less efficient than that exemplified in FIG. 8.
It is further preferred that the U-shaped ducts 80,82 be squared at the corners thereof, as shown ,,:
.
1~7~962 in the drawings, to promote turbulence in the air stream blown therethrough. Such turbulence interiorly of the ducts slows -the forced air passing through the ducts, and likewise creates eddy currents therein, breaking up formation of boundary layers and thereby allowing a - greater amount of heat to be transferred from the interior surface of the ducts to the interior air currents. The cross sectional areas of ducts 80,82 are preferably large relative to the output capacity of blower 108 such that, althouyh a larye volume of air is moved through the ducts with a relatively high entrance velocity, the air movement is slowed so that it is discharyed into the room at relatively low velocity. The outer surfaces of ducts 80,82 are preferably coated with a heat and corrosion resistant paint having a relatively dull finish to enhance the exchanye of eneryy between the fire convection currents and the air in the ducts. In the above-mentioned workiny embodiment of the invention having a one hundred fifty cubic feet per minute blower capacity, ducts 80,82 each have a wall thickness of about 0.060 inches and a rectangular cross sectional area of about 5.3 square inches. The heated exhaust from this embodiment has a temperature of about 180F.
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~7~L~GZ
A pair of brackets 122,124 are welded or other-wise fixedly mounted to duct ends 8~,86 for mounting the combined fireplace hood and heating unit 20 as an ~ ;
assembled unit to the lintel 22 of a pre-existing fire-place. Referring specifically to FIG. 7, a pair of bolts 126 pass through corresponding apertures 128 in brackets 122,124 into holes previously bored through the lintel support plate 130 and into the fireplace lintel. In accordance with yet another feature of the present invention and as will be apparent from examina-tion of FIG. 2, the brac]cets 122,12~ are carrie~ at the front-to-back center of gravity of unit 20. Thus, rocking or tiltiny of the unit during assembly thereof to the lintel 22 is greatly reduced, thereby facilitat-ing the entire mounting procedure. Furthermore, withthe mounting bolts carrying unit 20 at substantially the front-to-back center of gravity thereof, bending moments on the mounting bolts are eliminated. In most residen-tial Elreplaces, and as depicted in FIGS. ~ and 7, the lower surface of the lintel 22 upon which the combined unit 20 is to be mounted is relatively narrow as com-pared with the front-to-back dimension of the unit.
.. :
Hence, in many applications, it would be difficult to provide several bolts, spaced in the front-to-back direction, to accommodate stresses caused by unit . ~ .
.: . . ' . ' . ' ' ,'.~ ' ' '.
. . . . .
~7~962 unbalance. By mounting the unit at its center of gravity, this problem is obviated. Moreover, the center-of-gravity mounting arrangement provided by the invention eliminates any requirement ~or unbalance support brackets inside the front wall or on the back wall o~ the fire-place. Thus, if the unit is for any reason removed from the fireplace, the mounting holes are substantially hidden from view and the fireplace remains ~ully opera-tional. Apertures 128 may be slotted in the :Eront-to-back direction to insure that, when the combined unit 20 is mounted in position, the rear panel ~6 o~ hood 26 is ~lush ayainst the fron-t wall of the ~ireplace.
It will also be noted that, when the combined unit 20 provided by the present invention is mounted to the fireplace as described, hood 26 is carried externally o~ the ~ireplace with the heat exchanging ducts 80,82 cantilevered rearwardly from hood 26 over the fire area. Thus, the burning loys or charcoal, etc. do not come into direct contact with -the ducts, whereby the lifetime thereof is greatly increased.
Furthermore, with hood 26 carried externally o~ the Eireplace and with the cool air intake at vent 70 and ;
slots 58 tending to cool the hood panels or walls as described above, the hood remains relatively cool to the touch during operation o~ =he unit.
. . ' .,` ;:
` -20 .
, . . . ...
~7~9~
It will now be apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the present invention a combined fireplace hood and heating unit which fully satisfies all of the objects, aims cmd advantages set forth above. Although the invention has been described in connection with a specific embodiment thereof, it will be evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will suggest themselves to persons skil-led in the art in view of the foregoing description.
For example, although it is presently preferred to con-struct heat exchanying ducts 80,82 -to have a rectangular cross section, it will be evident that other cross sectional geometries, such as circular or oval, may be used without derogating other features of the invention -specifically, without changing the external appearance .
of hood 26 which constitutes an important aspect of the invention. Similarly, intake vent 20 and exhaust vents 72,74 could ~e reversed or otherwise relocated and, although the room air would not circulate in the pre-~ 20 ferred manner described, the external appearance of the - hood would not be materially changed. Accordingly, the invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.
The invention claimed is:
in U.S, patent ~os. 1,706,142; 1,766,601; 2,120,977 and 2,296,354. Such devices are also shown in British patent ~os. 4,445 and 759,793.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a heating unit specifically adapted to be easily and rapidly mounted to a pre-existing fireplace.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a fireplace heating unit which has the ex- :~
ternal appearance of and serves the same purpose as a ~
conventional fireplace hood. ...
Further objects of the present invenkion are to provide a combined fireplace hood and heating unit in which a larqe volume of heated air is provided at a relatively low exhaust velocity; in which the internal components, and particularly the blower motor, are ~
cooled by air returned from the room; in which the : :.
exposed hood portion of the heating unit external to the fireplace is cool to the touch; in which the heat exchanging portion of the unit is removed from direct contact wi~h materials burning in the fireplace; and ~
which provides efficient circulation of heated air within the room.
'' ,' "' ' ' ` ' ' .. .... .
~3-- .
The present invention broadly comprises a combination of an ornamental fireplace hood and a forced air heating unit. The hood portion is in the form of an elongated housing in which a blower is mounted. The housing is also equipped with a cool air intake vent and at least one warm air discharge vent.
A heat exchanger in the form of a U-shaped duct, pre-ferably having a rectangular cross section, passes from the blower through a rear wall of the housing, ~ ;
extends in cantilever fashion over the fire, returns through the wall o~ the housing and connects to the discharge vent. ~rackets are carried by the housing for mounting the housing and heat exchangers, as an assembled unit, to the lintel of a pre-existing fire-place. The brackets are preferably loca-ted at the approximate front-to-back center of gravity of the combined unit to facilitate the mounting operation.
In assembly to a fireplace, the housing is carried externally of the fireplace.
A thermostat carried by the housing energizes the blower motor only when the temperature within the fireplace has reached a predetermined level, so that cold air will not be discharged into the room. Since the housing itself is the only connection (i.e., air ~719~Z
flow duct work) between the blower and the inta~e vent, cool air entering through the intake vent tends to circulate throughout the housing be:Eore entering the blower, thereby cooling both the housing itself and all components therein, including the blower motor.
After being warmed over the fire, the air is discharged into the room through the discharge vent at a low velocity, at a warm but not hot temperature. The rectangular cross sectional shape of the heat exchanger which is presently preEerred insures intimate contact between the exchanger outer surEace ~nd the warming convection currents risiny Erom the fire. rrhis contact promotes a substantially uniEorm heat transfer and a gradual but highly efficient warming of a large mass of air within the heat exchanger. Preferably, the heat exchanger ducts are relatively wide to promote maximum contact between the air to be heated and the i.nside bottom oE the heat exchangers. Hence, a large volume oE air may be passed therethrough an~ discharged ~0 into the room as a low velocity stream rather than as a high velocity jet.
The air intake and exhaust vents are pre-ferably disposed in the housing such that heated air is circulated in the associated room in a direction 7~96Z
which is reverse to normal heat convection. More specifically, the intake vent is located in the housing above the exhaust vent, preferably with the intake vent ;;
being disposed in a top housing panel and with two exhaust vents being located in a front housing panel on opposite sides of the intake vent longitudinally of the housing. The heated air at the exhaust vents is directed downwardly, under the cool air layer at the floor, such that the air circulates throughout the room in a circular fashion. ~s the cooler air is com-pressed upward by the warm air as it rises and is taken back into the heat unit at the intake vent, it is drawn from a vacuum zone created by the blower intake suction located adjacent to the face of the fireplace immediately above the hood.
The entire apparatus is made of lightweight materials. The heat exchanger is made of relatively thin, sheet steel and is protected by a high temperature, dull finish paint that not only resists corrosion but also promotes heat transfer therethrough. Since the heat e~changer of the present invention is not exposed to the severe environment of the grate-type of heat excha~gers, such thin, lightweight and, therefore, economical materials are feasible. Also, since the entire apparatus operates in a relatively cool environ-ment and discharges warm rather than hot air, repairs . . .. , ~ . . : . . . : . . . : :, .
~.~7~96;2 ' ~:
are seldom necessary and heat-induced damage is almost entirely obviated.
The novel ~eatures considered to be charac~
teristic of the present invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention it- :~
self, however, together with additional objects, fea-tures and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompan~ing draw.ings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a pres- ;
ently preferred embodiment of the combined fireplace hood and heating unit provided by the present invention :
installed in a typical fireplace; :
FIG. 2 is a top view of the unit shown in FIG. 1 with some parts broken away to show the interior : of the housing;
. .
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the unit shown in FIG. 1 and is taken on the line 3-3 of .
FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side elevatlonal view of the unit shown in FIG. l, again mounted in a fireplace, in . -which the fireplace is vertically centrally sectioned to better demonstrate the disposition of the combined fireplace hood and heating unit relative to the :Eire-place and ~ire area;
~''', '.
. : _7_ ~L~71g~
FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of FIG. 2, FIG. 6 is a perspective, partially exploded view of the combined fireplace hood and heating unit;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of one portion of FIG. 4; and FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic diagrams of the flow patterns of heated air around two heated exchanger geometries and appear on the same sheet of drawings as 1.0 clo FIGS. 3-5.
Re~erring to the drawings, a pre~ntly pre-ferred embodiment 20 of the combined fireplace hood and heating unit provided by the present invention is shown mounted to the lintel 22 of a conventional, pre-existing f ireplace 24 (FIGS. l, 4 and 7). Unit 20 includes a fireplace hood 26 formed as an elongated enclosure or housing having separable front and rear panel portions 28,30 as best seen in FIG. 6. Front portion 2~ in- ;
cludes a top panel 32, a front panel 34 and a downwardly sloping panel 36 contiguous at its longitudinal edges - with and interconnecting top panel 32 with front panel 34 (all directional indications above and hereinafter being taken with respect to the mounted position of the combined unit 20 within a fireplace). A pair of side panels 38 slope outwardly and downwardly from top panel `~
32 along the edges of panels 36,34. A downwardly -., .;. . .
~[)7~9~Z
directed flange 40 extends lengthwise along the rear edge of panel 32. The bottom edges of side panels 38 and front panel 34 terminate in upwardly bent flanges 42,44 respectively. Rear panel portion 30 includes a back panel 46 and a bottom panel 48 having a downwardly turned flange 50 extending along its front edge. In assembly of hood 26, front portion 28 is fitted over rear portion 30 with flange 50 received into the slot formed by flange 44 and the adjacent lower edge of front panel 34. A plurality of sheet metal screws 52 extend through corresponding holes 54 in bac]c panel 46 into holes 56 in flange 40 to firmly attach hood portions 28,30 to each other. It will be noted, with -reference to E'IG. 7 for example, that, viewed endwise of the assembled hood, the rear edges of end panels 38 terminate short of rear panel 46, thereby leavin~ a small gap 58 between the respective panels. The purpose of this CJap will be explained hereln~fter.
A decorative strip 60 is carried lengthwise of hood 26 at the bend defined by panels 34,36, and is attached to the hood by a plurality of lock nuts 62 received over corresponding screws (not shown). A rod 64 (FIGS. 3 and 5) is fitted into corresponding holes (not shown) in flanges 42 and carries a conventional _9-~[37~62 fireplace screen 66. Screen 66 is operated by the usual draw cables (not shown) and handles 68. An intake vent 70 and a pair of exhaust vents 72,74 are provided in the front or outwardly facing portion 28 of hood 26, i.e., that portion of the hood which is visible and open to the touch. More specifically, intake vent 70 is dis-posed in top panel 32 at substantially the longitudinal center of hood 26. Similarly, exhaust or discharge vents 72,74 are disposed in front panel 34 on respec-tively opposite sides of intake vent 70 lengthwise of~he hood. Intake vent 70 ancl exhaust vents 72,74 may each comprise a plurality of directional louvers stamped into associated panels 32 during fabrication of hood portion 28, or may comprise separate louver plates, as shown in the drawings, fastened by sheet metal screws 76 over corresponding vent apertures in the associated panels.
A pair of generally U-shaped heat exchanging ducts 80,82 are carried by hood 26, ducts 80,82 having respective first ends 84,86 terminating at and fastened to rear panel 46 in registry with corresponding open-ings in the panel. Ducts 80,82 further include respec-tive second ends 88,90 extending through and fastened to corresponding apertures in panel 46. A widely -10- ,"
.. . . :, , ,. . . . ~ .:
. : ' . . ~ ' .
~lLa37~ ;z flared nozzle 92 has an intake fitted over the duct end 88 and an exhaust in registry with exhaust vent 72. A pair of ears 94 extend laterally outwardly from the front side edges of nozzle 92 and have formed therein the respective holes 96 into which louver-fastening screws 76 are received. A tab 98 (FIG. 51 is bent downwardly from the top of nozzle 92 and is received inside duct end 88 to hold the noz~le in position on rear panel portion 30 prior to assembly of front portion 28 khereto. A second noz~le 100 which is iclentical ko nozzle 92 connects duct end 90 with exhaust venk 74. Thus, heat exchanginy ducts 80, 82 are in open and common communication with intake vent 70 via the enclosure defined by hood 26, and connect the intake vent with the respective exhaust vents 72,74. -A brace 102 is fixedly welded or otherwise `
mounted between duck ends 84,86 inwardly of rear panel 46 to space the ducts from each other and to form with ducts 84,86 and panel 46 a stiffening box section for support of the rear panel. It has been found that, without brace 102, heating of the ducts and heat from -ducts 80,82 causes rear panel 46 to warp and buckle under severe operating conditions. Sufficient space , ~
16~7~62 is provided between duct ends 84,86 for passage there-between of an appropriate fireplace damper closing lever or chain (not shown). Preferably, nozzles 92,100 are designed to direct heated air downwardly into the room at an angle calculated such that the warm exhaust air will hit the floor of the room about twelve feet from the fireplace front wall. Thus, downwardly direc-tional nozzles 92,100, in combination wi-th the dispo-sition of exhaust vents 72,74 in front panel 34 and oE intake vent 70 in top panel 30, promote a circular ~low o~ air in the room in a direction opposite to the normal convection flow of heated air: i.e., heated air is blown downwardly under the cool air layer at the floor from exhaust vents 72,74 as depicted at 102 of ;
FIG. 4. As the cooler air is compressed upward by the : ~
warm air as it rises and is taken back into the heating ~ :
unit at the intake vent 70, it is drawn from a vacuum zone created by the blower intake suction located im-mediately above the hood as depicted at 104 in FIG. 4.
Moreover, the preferred dispostion of the intake and exhaust vents described above is believed to have a minimal effect upon the natural draft of the fireplace. In a typical domestic fireplace, the move-ment of convection currents and exhaust gasses through the flue and up the fireplace chimney is known to draw air from the room, including from elevations s:Li~htly - above the lintel, beneath the lintel and into the flre-~C~7~96'~ `:
place. The action of this natural draft is d~picted at 106 of ~IG. 4. Location of intake vent 70 in front panel 34 or, worse, in bottom panel 48 would, due to suction pressures induced by blower operation, not only 5 detract from this natural draft, but would also tend to draw smoke from the fireplace into hood 26, which smoke would thereafter be heated and ejected into the room.
~ blower 108, comprisinc3 ~ pair of centrif-ugal or squ:Lrrel CaCJe fans 110,112 and a blower motor 114, is carried by panel wall 46 within hood 26, the respective outlets from fans 110,112 being aligned with duct ends 84,86. Thus, cold air entering vent 70 will circulate throughout the volume defined by hood 26 and cool both the hood panels and the components, especial-ly motor 114, carried therewithin. This cooling of the hood panels is further enhanced by the ahove-mentioned slots 58 at the respective sides of hood 26, which slots provide two additional intake vents which allow a small draft of air to be pulled into the hood Prorn the opposite longitudinal ends thereof and pass ;
along the hood panels toward the centrally disposed blower. In pratice, the slots 58 may be on the order o-f 0.125 inches wide and should thus admit only a small ., ~' ' " ,.
~C17~2 percentaye of the total amount of air taken into the hood, as on the order of five percent, the remaining 95 percent being taken in via the main intake vent 70.
These additional small intake vents, in a normal instal-lation, are disposed laterally beyond the side edges of the fireplace opening and thus, like vent 70, do not tend to draw in smoke from the fireplace or disturb the natural convection flow into the fireplace. In one working embodiment of the present invention blower 108 moves air throuyh the heat exchangers 80,82 at a rate of about one hundred fifty cubic feet per minute.
The above-described two-piece construction of hood 26 also helps maintain the outer or front :
hood portion 28, i.e., that portion of the hood which is exposed to the touch, at a safe temperature. The lower portion of rear panel 46 and bottom panels 48 are exposed to direct radiation from the fire and will, ~.
therefore, tend to become hot. In accordance with pres-ently preferred embodiments of the invention as above-described, the contact between flange 40 and rear panel ..
46 tends to be concentrated in the area of screws 52 with a layer of air separating the flange and panel for thé remaining length of the hood, whereby heat transfer between rear panel ~6 and front hood portion 28 is minimized. Similarly, the flange-in-groove arrange- ::
... . .
:, : . .. , , , .., ..
:. : , . ~ ~ , , 9G;~
ment between flanges 44,50 does not intimateLy connect bottom panel 48 to front panel 34, and therefore retards :
heat transfer therebetween. It will be recognized, of course, that such heat transfer may be further retarded by providing a layer of insùlation along the inside or outside of rear panel 46. Furthermore, the outside surfaces of panels 46,48 may be coated or coverecl with .::
suitable material, such as aluminum foil laminated to an asbestos panel, to reflect radiation from the fire, where desired, thereby minirnizing heat transfer to the hood as a whole. A thermostatic switch 116 (FIG. 2) is carried by rear panel 46 between and in close proximity to duct ends 84,86, and allows the air with-in fireplace 24 to reach a preselected temperature before turning on motor 114. This prevents initial circulation and discharge of cold air into the room.
Disposition o:E blower 108 within hood 26 to push rather than pull air through ducts 80,82 yields yet another advantage in the situation where heat and/
or corrosion has eaten a hole in one of the ducts. In such a situation, when a fire is initially started and the blower is not yet operating, smoke would leak into the duct and thence out the exhaust vents 72,74. How-ever, because vents 72,74 are located adjacent the area ~7~916Z
of natural draft of room air into the fireplace, as discussed above in connection with FIG. 4, the smoke which exits vents 72,74 will tend to be drawn back into the fireplace and up the chimney. Furthermore, when the temperature in the fireplace reaches the temperature at which thermostat 116 closes, air pushed into the leaking duct b~ the associated fan 110,112 will create a positive pressure differential in the duct which, in turn, tends to push the smoke back out the leak and to keep further smoke from entering. Thus, the combined Eireplace hood and heatiny unit provided by the present invention continues to operate, albeit at a slightly reduced efficiency, in spite of a leak in one of the heat exchanging ducts. Moreover, smoke exiting one of the vents 72,74 before the blower turns on provides an indication to a room occupant that the associated duct ;
is leaking and should be repaired.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention and as shown in the drawings, heat exchanging ducts 80,82 are substantially rectangular in transverse cross section and are carried above the base of the fireplace at a level at which flames from the fire impinge upon the bottom of the ducts. The position of ducts 84,86 relative to the fire is best exemplified in FIG. 4. It has been found that this cross sectional .
~L~7~62 configuration of ducts 80,82 inhibits the cxeation of a boundary layer or a partial vacuum around each duct which tends to insulate the duct from convection cur-rents rising from the fire. To illustrate, the flow of hot air convection currents around a heat exchanger 118 of rectangular cross section is schematically exemplified in FIG. 8. Hot air, assumed to have a ;
substantially laminar flow pattern prior to impingement `~
upon duct 118, flows upwardly and is incident upon the bottom of the duct. At this point, smooth flow of the air is interrupted and the air must traverse a right angle bend in the duct outer surface. As a result, the air assumes a turbulent flow pa-ttern as it travels up the sides of the duct, with resultant eddies along the sides and top surfaces of the ducts, thereby insuring more intimate, heat-exchanging contact between the air and duct surface. This may be contrasted with the sub-stantially laminar streamlined flow pattern around the circularly cross sectional heat exchanger 120 in FIG.
9. Although some heat is transferred to duct 120, boundary layers around the more aerodynamic surface of the duct render such heat transfer much less efficient than that exemplified in FIG. 8.
It is further preferred that the U-shaped ducts 80,82 be squared at the corners thereof, as shown ,,:
.
1~7~962 in the drawings, to promote turbulence in the air stream blown therethrough. Such turbulence interiorly of the ducts slows -the forced air passing through the ducts, and likewise creates eddy currents therein, breaking up formation of boundary layers and thereby allowing a - greater amount of heat to be transferred from the interior surface of the ducts to the interior air currents. The cross sectional areas of ducts 80,82 are preferably large relative to the output capacity of blower 108 such that, althouyh a larye volume of air is moved through the ducts with a relatively high entrance velocity, the air movement is slowed so that it is discharyed into the room at relatively low velocity. The outer surfaces of ducts 80,82 are preferably coated with a heat and corrosion resistant paint having a relatively dull finish to enhance the exchanye of eneryy between the fire convection currents and the air in the ducts. In the above-mentioned workiny embodiment of the invention having a one hundred fifty cubic feet per minute blower capacity, ducts 80,82 each have a wall thickness of about 0.060 inches and a rectangular cross sectional area of about 5.3 square inches. The heated exhaust from this embodiment has a temperature of about 180F.
, ' .
.
.: , . , . . : . . :
~7~L~GZ
A pair of brackets 122,124 are welded or other-wise fixedly mounted to duct ends 8~,86 for mounting the combined fireplace hood and heating unit 20 as an ~ ;
assembled unit to the lintel 22 of a pre-existing fire-place. Referring specifically to FIG. 7, a pair of bolts 126 pass through corresponding apertures 128 in brackets 122,124 into holes previously bored through the lintel support plate 130 and into the fireplace lintel. In accordance with yet another feature of the present invention and as will be apparent from examina-tion of FIG. 2, the brac]cets 122,12~ are carrie~ at the front-to-back center of gravity of unit 20. Thus, rocking or tiltiny of the unit during assembly thereof to the lintel 22 is greatly reduced, thereby facilitat-ing the entire mounting procedure. Furthermore, withthe mounting bolts carrying unit 20 at substantially the front-to-back center of gravity thereof, bending moments on the mounting bolts are eliminated. In most residen-tial Elreplaces, and as depicted in FIGS. ~ and 7, the lower surface of the lintel 22 upon which the combined unit 20 is to be mounted is relatively narrow as com-pared with the front-to-back dimension of the unit.
.. :
Hence, in many applications, it would be difficult to provide several bolts, spaced in the front-to-back direction, to accommodate stresses caused by unit . ~ .
.: . . ' . ' . ' ' ,'.~ ' ' '.
. . . . .
~7~962 unbalance. By mounting the unit at its center of gravity, this problem is obviated. Moreover, the center-of-gravity mounting arrangement provided by the invention eliminates any requirement ~or unbalance support brackets inside the front wall or on the back wall o~ the fire-place. Thus, if the unit is for any reason removed from the fireplace, the mounting holes are substantially hidden from view and the fireplace remains ~ully opera-tional. Apertures 128 may be slotted in the :Eront-to-back direction to insure that, when the combined unit 20 is mounted in position, the rear panel ~6 o~ hood 26 is ~lush ayainst the fron-t wall of the ~ireplace.
It will also be noted that, when the combined unit 20 provided by the present invention is mounted to the fireplace as described, hood 26 is carried externally o~ the ~ireplace with the heat exchanging ducts 80,82 cantilevered rearwardly from hood 26 over the fire area. Thus, the burning loys or charcoal, etc. do not come into direct contact with -the ducts, whereby the lifetime thereof is greatly increased.
Furthermore, with hood 26 carried externally o~ the Eireplace and with the cool air intake at vent 70 and ;
slots 58 tending to cool the hood panels or walls as described above, the hood remains relatively cool to the touch during operation o~ =he unit.
. . ' .,` ;:
` -20 .
, . . . ...
~7~9~
It will now be apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the present invention a combined fireplace hood and heating unit which fully satisfies all of the objects, aims cmd advantages set forth above. Although the invention has been described in connection with a specific embodiment thereof, it will be evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will suggest themselves to persons skil-led in the art in view of the foregoing description.
For example, although it is presently preferred to con-struct heat exchanying ducts 80,82 -to have a rectangular cross section, it will be evident that other cross sectional geometries, such as circular or oval, may be used without derogating other features of the invention -specifically, without changing the external appearance .
of hood 26 which constitutes an important aspect of the invention. Similarly, intake vent 20 and exhaust vents 72,74 could ~e reversed or otherwise relocated and, although the room air would not circulate in the pre-~ 20 ferred manner described, the external appearance of the - hood would not be materially changed. Accordingly, the invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.
The invention claimed is:
Claims
1.
A fireplace heating unit adapted to be mounted as an assembled unit into a pre-existing fireplace having a fireplace hearth and a fireplace opening defined by opposing side wall edges and a lintel bridging said edges, said unit comprising a housing having intake vent means, exhaust vent means and heat exchanging means interconnecting said intake and exhaust vent means, a blower mounted in said housing for forcibly moving air from said intake vent means through said heat exchanging means to said exhaust vent means, and means for removably supporting said housing adjacent a said fireplace lintel such that said intake and exhaust vent means are disposed outwardly of the upper portion of said fireplace opening, and such that said heat exchanging means horizontally extends rearwardly from said intake vent means over said hearth and then forwardly to said exhaust vent means.
2.
The fireplace heating unit set forth in claim 1 wherein said housing is elongated, with at least a portion thereof being carried externally of said fireplace as a fireplace hood above the upper portion of the fireplace opening, said heat exchanging means extending rearwardly from said housing above the fireplace hearth in the supported position of said unit.
3.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said supporting means comprises means for removably mounting said housing beneath a fireplace lintel, said heat exchanging means being cantilevered over the fireplace hearth when said unit is mounted to a fireplace.
4.
The unit set forth in claim 3 wherein the rearward end of said heat exchanging means is spaced from the back wall of the fireplace.
5.
The unit set forth in claim 3 or 4 wherein said mounting means is carried at the substantial front-to-back center of gravity of said unit.
6.
The unit set forth in claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said means for supporting said unit comprises means for suspending said unit from said lintel.
7.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said heat exchanging means comprises at least one hollow generally U-shaped duct having first and second duct ends communicating with said intake and said exhaust vent means respectively, a central portion of said duct extending between said duct ends rearwardly over the fireplace hearth in the suspended position of said unit.
8.
The unit set forth in claim 7 wherein said at least one heat exchanging duct is rectangular in cross section transversely of said duct.
9.
The unit set forth in claim 7 wherein said heat exchanging means comprises a pair of U-shaped ducts arranged symmetrically about the longitudinal center of said housing.
10.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said intake vent means is connected to said heat exchanging means by the volume defined by said enclosed housing, such that air entering through the intake vent means tends to circulate through said housing and cool components disposed therein including said blower before being forced through said heat exchanging means by said blower.
11.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said intake vent means includes a vent positioned and directed outwardly from the upper portion of the fireplace opening to accept air from a zone above said heating unit in the supported position of said unit, and wherein said exhaust vent means includes a vent positioned to discharge air into a zone generally beneath the level of said heating unit in the supported position of said unit.
12.
The unit set forth in claim 11 wherein said intake vent is located in a top wall of said housing and said exhaust vent is located in a front wall of said housing, such that air heated within said unit and exhausted therefrom is circulated externally thereof in a substantially circular direction opposite to the direction of natural convection of such heated air.
13.
The unit set forth in claim 12 wherein said unit further comprises means at said exhaust vent directing air downwardly as it is exhausted, whereby said reverse convection circulation is enhanced.
14.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said housing has two exhaust vents disposed therein, said exhaust vents being spaced from each other lengthwise of said housing, and wherein said heat exchanging means comprises two heat exchanging ducts, said ducts having first ends in common communication with said intake vent means and second ends in respective communication with said two exhaust vents.
15.
The unit set forth in claim 14 wherein said housing forms an enclosed volume, said intake vent means including an intake vent open to said enclosed volume, said blower being mounted within said volume to force air from within said volume through said heat exchanging ducts and out said exhaust vents.
16.
The unit set forth in claim 15 wherein said blower comprises a dual-fan blower and wherein said ducts are substantially U-shaped and are carried side-by-side longitudinally of said housing, said first duct ends being inside legs of said U's and in alignment with respective outlets from said dual fans, said second duct ends being outside legs of said U's and in alignment with respective ones of said two exhaust vents.
17.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said means for supporting said housing comprises means for mounting said housing adjacent the fireplace lintel such that said housing extends horizontally above said fireplace opening and overlaps the fire-place side wall edges.
18.
The unit set forth in claim 17 further comprising intake means on opposite longitudinal ends of said housing, said side intake means allowing only a small amount of air into said hood as compared to said intake vent means.
19.
The unit set forth in claim 18 wherein said housing further includes side and rear walls, said side walls extending from said front wall toward said rear wall, said side intake means comprising slot openings between said side and rear walls on respective longitudinal ends of said housing.
20.
The unit set forth in claim 2 further comprising means responsive to the temperature within said fireplace to energize said blower means when the temperature within said fireplace exceeds a preselected temperature.
21.
The unit set forth in claim 20 wherein said blower comprises an electric motor, and wherein said temperature responsive means comprises a thermal switch electrically connected between said motor and a source of electric power.
22.
The unit set forth in claim 1, 2 or 16 further comprising means for supporting a foldable fire screen attached to said housing and depending therefrom.
23.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein the entire said housing and said blower are carried externally of said fireplace in said supported position of said unit.
A fireplace heating unit adapted to be mounted as an assembled unit into a pre-existing fireplace having a fireplace hearth and a fireplace opening defined by opposing side wall edges and a lintel bridging said edges, said unit comprising a housing having intake vent means, exhaust vent means and heat exchanging means interconnecting said intake and exhaust vent means, a blower mounted in said housing for forcibly moving air from said intake vent means through said heat exchanging means to said exhaust vent means, and means for removably supporting said housing adjacent a said fireplace lintel such that said intake and exhaust vent means are disposed outwardly of the upper portion of said fireplace opening, and such that said heat exchanging means horizontally extends rearwardly from said intake vent means over said hearth and then forwardly to said exhaust vent means.
2.
The fireplace heating unit set forth in claim 1 wherein said housing is elongated, with at least a portion thereof being carried externally of said fireplace as a fireplace hood above the upper portion of the fireplace opening, said heat exchanging means extending rearwardly from said housing above the fireplace hearth in the supported position of said unit.
3.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said supporting means comprises means for removably mounting said housing beneath a fireplace lintel, said heat exchanging means being cantilevered over the fireplace hearth when said unit is mounted to a fireplace.
4.
The unit set forth in claim 3 wherein the rearward end of said heat exchanging means is spaced from the back wall of the fireplace.
5.
The unit set forth in claim 3 or 4 wherein said mounting means is carried at the substantial front-to-back center of gravity of said unit.
6.
The unit set forth in claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said means for supporting said unit comprises means for suspending said unit from said lintel.
7.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said heat exchanging means comprises at least one hollow generally U-shaped duct having first and second duct ends communicating with said intake and said exhaust vent means respectively, a central portion of said duct extending between said duct ends rearwardly over the fireplace hearth in the suspended position of said unit.
8.
The unit set forth in claim 7 wherein said at least one heat exchanging duct is rectangular in cross section transversely of said duct.
9.
The unit set forth in claim 7 wherein said heat exchanging means comprises a pair of U-shaped ducts arranged symmetrically about the longitudinal center of said housing.
10.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said intake vent means is connected to said heat exchanging means by the volume defined by said enclosed housing, such that air entering through the intake vent means tends to circulate through said housing and cool components disposed therein including said blower before being forced through said heat exchanging means by said blower.
11.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said intake vent means includes a vent positioned and directed outwardly from the upper portion of the fireplace opening to accept air from a zone above said heating unit in the supported position of said unit, and wherein said exhaust vent means includes a vent positioned to discharge air into a zone generally beneath the level of said heating unit in the supported position of said unit.
12.
The unit set forth in claim 11 wherein said intake vent is located in a top wall of said housing and said exhaust vent is located in a front wall of said housing, such that air heated within said unit and exhausted therefrom is circulated externally thereof in a substantially circular direction opposite to the direction of natural convection of such heated air.
13.
The unit set forth in claim 12 wherein said unit further comprises means at said exhaust vent directing air downwardly as it is exhausted, whereby said reverse convection circulation is enhanced.
14.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said housing has two exhaust vents disposed therein, said exhaust vents being spaced from each other lengthwise of said housing, and wherein said heat exchanging means comprises two heat exchanging ducts, said ducts having first ends in common communication with said intake vent means and second ends in respective communication with said two exhaust vents.
15.
The unit set forth in claim 14 wherein said housing forms an enclosed volume, said intake vent means including an intake vent open to said enclosed volume, said blower being mounted within said volume to force air from within said volume through said heat exchanging ducts and out said exhaust vents.
16.
The unit set forth in claim 15 wherein said blower comprises a dual-fan blower and wherein said ducts are substantially U-shaped and are carried side-by-side longitudinally of said housing, said first duct ends being inside legs of said U's and in alignment with respective outlets from said dual fans, said second duct ends being outside legs of said U's and in alignment with respective ones of said two exhaust vents.
17.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein said means for supporting said housing comprises means for mounting said housing adjacent the fireplace lintel such that said housing extends horizontally above said fireplace opening and overlaps the fire-place side wall edges.
18.
The unit set forth in claim 17 further comprising intake means on opposite longitudinal ends of said housing, said side intake means allowing only a small amount of air into said hood as compared to said intake vent means.
19.
The unit set forth in claim 18 wherein said housing further includes side and rear walls, said side walls extending from said front wall toward said rear wall, said side intake means comprising slot openings between said side and rear walls on respective longitudinal ends of said housing.
20.
The unit set forth in claim 2 further comprising means responsive to the temperature within said fireplace to energize said blower means when the temperature within said fireplace exceeds a preselected temperature.
21.
The unit set forth in claim 20 wherein said blower comprises an electric motor, and wherein said temperature responsive means comprises a thermal switch electrically connected between said motor and a source of electric power.
22.
The unit set forth in claim 1, 2 or 16 further comprising means for supporting a foldable fire screen attached to said housing and depending therefrom.
23.
The unit set forth in claim 2 wherein the entire said housing and said blower are carried externally of said fireplace in said supported position of said unit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US53810275A | 1975-01-02 | 1975-01-02 | |
| US05/606,063 US4112914A (en) | 1975-01-02 | 1975-08-20 | Combined fireplace hood and heating unit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1071962A true CA1071962A (en) | 1980-02-19 |
Family
ID=27065704
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA241,419A Expired CA1071962A (en) | 1975-01-02 | 1975-12-10 | Combined fireplace hood and heating unit |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1071962A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2600104C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK571075A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2296814A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1535309A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7515057A (en) |
| SE (2) | SE408469B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2641851A1 (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-07-20 | Py Gerard | Heat recovery device for a hearth |
| WO1996032611A1 (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 1996-10-17 | Eco Air Limited | Heating unit |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1571741A (en) * | 1925-04-20 | 1926-02-02 | George F Smith | Fireplace |
| US2131763A (en) * | 1936-10-19 | 1938-10-04 | Heat Rite Fireplace Inc | Fireplace contained air circulating heater |
| US2296354A (en) * | 1941-01-28 | 1942-09-22 | Edward H Kraus | Fireplace |
| US2359197A (en) * | 1943-05-11 | 1944-09-26 | Wilbur R Brooks | Fireplace heater |
| GB622417A (en) * | 1947-03-21 | 1949-05-02 | Albert Colmer | Improved air heating system |
| US2787997A (en) * | 1955-03-09 | 1957-04-09 | Charles T Asbury | Oil-burning room heater |
| GB1095644A (en) * | 1965-02-16 | 1967-12-20 | Kenneth Reginald Beetlestone | Improvements in domestic fireplaces |
| US3762391A (en) * | 1971-07-15 | 1973-10-02 | Vega Ind Inc | Fireplace unit with controllable heat circulation |
-
1975
- 1975-09-26 SE SE7514186A patent/SE408469B/en unknown
- 1975-12-10 CA CA241,419A patent/CA1071962A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-12-15 DK DK571075A patent/DK571075A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-12-16 SE SE7514186A patent/SE409502B/en unknown
- 1975-12-24 NL NL7515057A patent/NL7515057A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-12-31 GB GB53256/75A patent/GB1535309A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-12-31 FR FR7540369A patent/FR2296814A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1976
- 1976-01-02 DE DE2600104A patent/DE2600104C3/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2600104C3 (en) | 1981-03-12 |
| NL7515057A (en) | 1976-07-06 |
| SE7510810L (en) | 1977-03-27 |
| SE7514186L (en) | 1976-07-05 |
| DK571075A (en) | 1976-07-03 |
| SE409502B (en) | 1979-08-20 |
| SE408469B (en) | 1979-06-11 |
| GB1535309A (en) | 1978-12-13 |
| DE2600104B2 (en) | 1980-07-24 |
| FR2296814A1 (en) | 1976-07-30 |
| DE2600104A1 (en) | 1976-07-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |