CA1071678A - Diffused spray rotating nozzle such as for cooling dynamoelectric machines - Google Patents
Diffused spray rotating nozzle such as for cooling dynamoelectric machinesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1071678A CA1071678A CA255,087A CA255087A CA1071678A CA 1071678 A CA1071678 A CA 1071678A CA 255087 A CA255087 A CA 255087A CA 1071678 A CA1071678 A CA 1071678A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- shaft
- bore
- coolant
- outer end
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
Abstract
45,861 DIFFUSED SPRAY ROTATING NOZZLE SUCH AS FOR
COOLING DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINES
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A nozzle for diffusing a fluid in a fan-like manner outwardly from a rotating member. The nozzle directs the spray in directions non-parallel to the radial nozzle bore. The invention provides a means for cooling the surfaces of a dynamoelectric machine that are susceptible to heating during normal operation, such as the rotor field coils, by spraying a coolant out from the hollow rotor shaft onto the surfaces while avoiding direct impingement of a stream of coolant onto surfaces, such as insulation, that could be eroded thereby.
COOLING DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINES
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A nozzle for diffusing a fluid in a fan-like manner outwardly from a rotating member. The nozzle directs the spray in directions non-parallel to the radial nozzle bore. The invention provides a means for cooling the surfaces of a dynamoelectric machine that are susceptible to heating during normal operation, such as the rotor field coils, by spraying a coolant out from the hollow rotor shaft onto the surfaces while avoiding direct impingement of a stream of coolant onto surfaces, such as insulation, that could be eroded thereby.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The lnvention relates to an improved arrangement for spray cooling without damaglng components of a dynamo-electric machine.
In supersonic aircra~t, air cooling of a dynamo-electric machine is inefficient because, due to the ram ef~ect, the air is not a satisfactory coolank. It was, there~ore, necessary to develop alternative cooling means that were lndependent of the environment in which the machine operated.
Conduction oil cooling was an attempt to cool dynamoelectric machines by flowing oil through paths pro-vided in the heat generating elements. Cooling was to be accomplished by conducting the heat from the heat sources through low thermal resistance to the oil; the oil in turn depositing the heat in appropriate heat slnks, such as the aircra~t fuel or into the air at low aircra~t speeds.
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.. . .
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45,861 `:
However, this method was not e~flclent because the high thermal resistance o~ the electrlcal insulation in the machines prevented suf~icient heat conductlon to the oil.
Also~ the air proved to be an unsatis~actory heat sink because the specific heat of oil was conslderably higher than that of air.
As an improvement over oil conduction cooling, there was developed an oil spray coollng concept in which oil contained within the hollow rotor sha~tlis ~orced under pressure of approximately 200-psi through nozzles attached to the rotor sha~tO The oil spray concept was previously known and described elsewhere such as in an artlcle by R. L.
Gasparetti, in The Westinghouse Engineer, May 1969, entitled "The Westinghouse Oil Cooled Generator For ~he Integrated Drive Generator System", which should be referred to ~or -~urther background informationO In this concept, the nozzles direct a stream of oil onto the windings which are to be cooled. However, since the oil can pick up particles of debrls ln its circulation thrdugh the machine, there was a risk of the nozzles clogging.
In U.S. Patent No~ 3,659,125, issued April 25, ~
1972 to the present lnventor, there is described a nozzle for spraying fluid outwardly from a rotating member having inner openings that extend non-perpendicularly to the axis of rotation ~o avoid clogging o~ the openings by particles acted upon by centri~ugal ~orce. Although U.S. Patent No.
3~659~125~ solves the problem o~ clogging nozzles, the action Or the oll ~treaming dlrectly ~rom the nozzle resulted in insulation erosion limiting generator life and contributlng to contaminatlon of the oil ~ystem.
The lnvention relates to an improved arrangement for spray cooling without damaglng components of a dynamo-electric machine.
In supersonic aircra~t, air cooling of a dynamo-electric machine is inefficient because, due to the ram ef~ect, the air is not a satisfactory coolank. It was, there~ore, necessary to develop alternative cooling means that were lndependent of the environment in which the machine operated.
Conduction oil cooling was an attempt to cool dynamoelectric machines by flowing oil through paths pro-vided in the heat generating elements. Cooling was to be accomplished by conducting the heat from the heat sources through low thermal resistance to the oil; the oil in turn depositing the heat in appropriate heat slnks, such as the aircra~t fuel or into the air at low aircra~t speeds.
.' ''' ~': ' . . :, , j : , . .
:
.. . .
'. : , . . ~ , .
45,861 `:
However, this method was not e~flclent because the high thermal resistance o~ the electrlcal insulation in the machines prevented suf~icient heat conductlon to the oil.
Also~ the air proved to be an unsatis~actory heat sink because the specific heat of oil was conslderably higher than that of air.
As an improvement over oil conduction cooling, there was developed an oil spray coollng concept in which oil contained within the hollow rotor sha~tlis ~orced under pressure of approximately 200-psi through nozzles attached to the rotor sha~tO The oil spray concept was previously known and described elsewhere such as in an artlcle by R. L.
Gasparetti, in The Westinghouse Engineer, May 1969, entitled "The Westinghouse Oil Cooled Generator For ~he Integrated Drive Generator System", which should be referred to ~or -~urther background informationO In this concept, the nozzles direct a stream of oil onto the windings which are to be cooled. However, since the oil can pick up particles of debrls ln its circulation thrdugh the machine, there was a risk of the nozzles clogging.
In U.S. Patent No~ 3,659,125, issued April 25, ~
1972 to the present lnventor, there is described a nozzle for spraying fluid outwardly from a rotating member having inner openings that extend non-perpendicularly to the axis of rotation ~o avoid clogging o~ the openings by particles acted upon by centri~ugal ~orce. Although U.S. Patent No.
3~659~125~ solves the problem o~ clogging nozzles, the action Or the oll ~treaming dlrectly ~rom the nozzle resulted in insulation erosion limiting generator life and contributlng to contaminatlon of the oil ~ystem.
-2-'' , , .. . . . . . . - .... . . . . . . .
1l5~861 .
1~7~6~78 An approach to avolding the problem o~ erosion of insulation is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,689,786 which involves metering cooling oil into complex rotating distri-bution rings. The complexity and expense of such arrange-ments are undesirable.
- SUMMARY OF THE IN ~NTION
The invention provides a nozzle ~or outwardly spraying a coolant in a ~an-like manner from a rotating member. The nozzle is attached to and extends through the hollow shaft of the rotating member in such a manner that the inner end of the nozzle communicates with the coolant in the hollow shaft. The nozzle has a center bore that conducts the coolant from the inner end of the nozzle to the outer end of the nozzle. The outer end of the nozzle consists o~
a diffuser having an opening that extends from the center bore to the side of the nozzle ~or directing the cooIànt in a ~an-like manner into the proximity of the heated surfaces such as the rotor field coiis for increasing cooling without damaging those components.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Figure 1 ~s a sectional view of a dynamoelectric machine embodying the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of Fig. 1 showing the nozzle without the non-clogging inlet;
Figo 3 is an enlarged sectional view of Fig. 1 s showing the nozzle with a non-clogging inlet; and Flg. 4 i8 a partial per~pectlve view o~ the rotor - illustratine the ~an-like ~pray Or the nozzle.
D CRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Figure 1 shows a dynamoelectric machlne of the oil _3_ ,:
.. . .
45,861 ~a7~67t3 spray cooled type which embodies the present inventionO The machine comprises a rotatable member 10 havlng a wall 11 enclosing a chamber. A coolant 12 contalned within ro~atable member 10 under pressure of approximately 200 psi is diffused through nozzles 13 in a so~t fan-like manner onto rotor field coils 14. The field coils 14 are disposed on a rotor 16 that ~s disposed within a stator having a core 18 and windings 20. Moving parts are separated from the outside environment by enclosure 21.
~ig. 2 illustrates the nozzle configuration in greater detail. Nozzle 13 is attached to and extends through the hollow sha~t 10. The inner end 22 of the nozzle accepts the coolant while the center bore 23 conducts the coolant to the outer end of the nozzle, diffuser 24. Diffuser 24 has an opening 26 that extends from the center bore to the slde of the nozzleO The opening 26 may be formed as a cross-milled slot in the nozzle 13. The openlng 26 is preferably at least semicircular. Due to the coolant pressure, the diffuser 24 diffuses the coolant 12 in a soft fan-like fashion cooling without damaging the rotor field coils 14, the rotor 16, and the stator windings 20. The flatness of the spray can be altered by angling the sides of opening 26.
Di~user 24 prevents an intense stream of coolant 12 in bore 23 ~rom impinging on a localized area of a component thereby preventing failure of that component due to serious erosion.
However, not only does the di~fuser prevent eroslve damage to the components of the dynamoelectric machine it also pro-vides better cooling by wet~ing larger areas. For example, during tests o~ this nozzle in an alrcraft generator, hot spot wlnding temperatures have been reduced from 305C to ~ _4_ .. . . . . .
45 7 ~6 1[)7~78 265C.
Although Fig. 2 illustrates a deslrable arrange-ment of nozzle 13, it is also sultable for a non-clogging inlet to be used as shown in Fig. 3. In addition to the inlet in line with the center bore there ls provided a plurality o~ openings and passageways 30 perpendicular to the center bore 23. The rotation of the sha~t will tend to sweep particles in the coolant past the openings 30 reduclng the probabillty that a particle will lodge in an opening blocking the flow o~ coolant; Furthermore, the presence o~
a plurality of such openings 30 reduc;es the probabillty of blockage of the nozzle.
Fig. 4 shows rotatable member 10 with nozzles 13 disposed thereonO Poles 34 of the rotor 16 having damper bar holes and slots 36 a~e arranged such that rotor ~leld coils 14 are wrapped therearoundO` For purposes of this illustration, only one pole 34 and fIeld coil 14 is illus-trated. The rield coil ls shown partly broken away. The handling ring 38 surrounds the rotor field coils 14. In general, the coolant issues ~rom the nozzles 13 in a fan-like manner, ~as shown in Fig. 4), contacts poles 34, and is deflected in varlous directions contacting the other heated surfaces such as the rotor ~ield coils 14, other parts of the rotor 16, and the stator windings 20. The combination of diffuse spray and secondary contacting provides for wetting o~ more area resulting ln increased cooling. Although the coolant is shown dlrectly lmpinging on pole 34, under certaln circumstance~ the coolant may directly implnKe on the rotor field colls 14 or other part~ o~ the machine.
However, since th~ nozzles 13 produce a di~use fan-like spray no damage i8 done to tho~e parts.
, ~,
1l5~861 .
1~7~6~78 An approach to avolding the problem o~ erosion of insulation is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,689,786 which involves metering cooling oil into complex rotating distri-bution rings. The complexity and expense of such arrange-ments are undesirable.
- SUMMARY OF THE IN ~NTION
The invention provides a nozzle ~or outwardly spraying a coolant in a ~an-like manner from a rotating member. The nozzle is attached to and extends through the hollow shaft of the rotating member in such a manner that the inner end of the nozzle communicates with the coolant in the hollow shaft. The nozzle has a center bore that conducts the coolant from the inner end of the nozzle to the outer end of the nozzle. The outer end of the nozzle consists o~
a diffuser having an opening that extends from the center bore to the side of the nozzle ~or directing the cooIànt in a ~an-like manner into the proximity of the heated surfaces such as the rotor field coiis for increasing cooling without damaging those components.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Figure 1 ~s a sectional view of a dynamoelectric machine embodying the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of Fig. 1 showing the nozzle without the non-clogging inlet;
Figo 3 is an enlarged sectional view of Fig. 1 s showing the nozzle with a non-clogging inlet; and Flg. 4 i8 a partial per~pectlve view o~ the rotor - illustratine the ~an-like ~pray Or the nozzle.
D CRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Figure 1 shows a dynamoelectric machlne of the oil _3_ ,:
.. . .
45,861 ~a7~67t3 spray cooled type which embodies the present inventionO The machine comprises a rotatable member 10 havlng a wall 11 enclosing a chamber. A coolant 12 contalned within ro~atable member 10 under pressure of approximately 200 psi is diffused through nozzles 13 in a so~t fan-like manner onto rotor field coils 14. The field coils 14 are disposed on a rotor 16 that ~s disposed within a stator having a core 18 and windings 20. Moving parts are separated from the outside environment by enclosure 21.
~ig. 2 illustrates the nozzle configuration in greater detail. Nozzle 13 is attached to and extends through the hollow sha~t 10. The inner end 22 of the nozzle accepts the coolant while the center bore 23 conducts the coolant to the outer end of the nozzle, diffuser 24. Diffuser 24 has an opening 26 that extends from the center bore to the slde of the nozzleO The opening 26 may be formed as a cross-milled slot in the nozzle 13. The openlng 26 is preferably at least semicircular. Due to the coolant pressure, the diffuser 24 diffuses the coolant 12 in a soft fan-like fashion cooling without damaging the rotor field coils 14, the rotor 16, and the stator windings 20. The flatness of the spray can be altered by angling the sides of opening 26.
Di~user 24 prevents an intense stream of coolant 12 in bore 23 ~rom impinging on a localized area of a component thereby preventing failure of that component due to serious erosion.
However, not only does the di~fuser prevent eroslve damage to the components of the dynamoelectric machine it also pro-vides better cooling by wet~ing larger areas. For example, during tests o~ this nozzle in an alrcraft generator, hot spot wlnding temperatures have been reduced from 305C to ~ _4_ .. . . . . .
45 7 ~6 1[)7~78 265C.
Although Fig. 2 illustrates a deslrable arrange-ment of nozzle 13, it is also sultable for a non-clogging inlet to be used as shown in Fig. 3. In addition to the inlet in line with the center bore there ls provided a plurality o~ openings and passageways 30 perpendicular to the center bore 23. The rotation of the sha~t will tend to sweep particles in the coolant past the openings 30 reduclng the probabillty that a particle will lodge in an opening blocking the flow o~ coolant; Furthermore, the presence o~
a plurality of such openings 30 reduc;es the probabillty of blockage of the nozzle.
Fig. 4 shows rotatable member 10 with nozzles 13 disposed thereonO Poles 34 of the rotor 16 having damper bar holes and slots 36 a~e arranged such that rotor ~leld coils 14 are wrapped therearoundO` For purposes of this illustration, only one pole 34 and fIeld coil 14 is illus-trated. The rield coil ls shown partly broken away. The handling ring 38 surrounds the rotor field coils 14. In general, the coolant issues ~rom the nozzles 13 in a fan-like manner, ~as shown in Fig. 4), contacts poles 34, and is deflected in varlous directions contacting the other heated surfaces such as the rotor ~ield coils 14, other parts of the rotor 16, and the stator windings 20. The combination of diffuse spray and secondary contacting provides for wetting o~ more area resulting ln increased cooling. Although the coolant is shown dlrectly lmpinging on pole 34, under certaln circumstance~ the coolant may directly implnKe on the rotor field colls 14 or other part~ o~ the machine.
However, since th~ nozzles 13 produce a di~use fan-like spray no damage i8 done to tho~e parts.
, ~,
Claims (5)
1. An apparatus comprising:
a rotatable member having a hollow shaft, said shaft containing a fluid, at least one nozzle mounted on and extending into said shaft, said nozzle having a bore disposed perpendicular to the axis of rotation of said shaft for conducting said fluid from within said shaft to the outer end of said nozzle, said outer end being a diffuser having an opening diffusing said fluid in directions non-parallel to said bore to avoid damaging objects in a radial path from said bore.
a rotatable member having a hollow shaft, said shaft containing a fluid, at least one nozzle mounted on and extending into said shaft, said nozzle having a bore disposed perpendicular to the axis of rotation of said shaft for conducting said fluid from within said shaft to the outer end of said nozzle, said outer end being a diffuser having an opening diffusing said fluid in directions non-parallel to said bore to avoid damaging objects in a radial path from said bore.
2. A dynamoelectric machine comprising:
a stator;
a rotor within said stator including a centrally located hollow shaft with a center axis of rotation and ex-teriorly supported field coils; said rotor, stator and field coils having surfaces susceptible to being heated during normal operation;
means to cool said surfaces comprising a nozzle extending on a radial line from said axis through said shaft and having a center bore for conducting a coolant from within said shaft to the outer end of said nozzle, said outer end having an opening extending from said bore to a side of said nozzle for directing said coolant non-parallelly from said bore into proximity of said surfaces cooling without damaging said surfaces.
a stator;
a rotor within said stator including a centrally located hollow shaft with a center axis of rotation and ex-teriorly supported field coils; said rotor, stator and field coils having surfaces susceptible to being heated during normal operation;
means to cool said surfaces comprising a nozzle extending on a radial line from said axis through said shaft and having a center bore for conducting a coolant from within said shaft to the outer end of said nozzle, said outer end having an opening extending from said bore to a side of said nozzle for directing said coolant non-parallelly from said bore into proximity of said surfaces cooling without damaging said surfaces.
3. The dynamoelectric machine recited in claim 2 wherein the inner end of said nozzle comprises a plurality of openings which extend into said nozzle perpendicular to said bore for receiving said coolant.
45,861
45,861
4. The dynamoelectric machine recited in claim 2 wherein a plurality of said nozzles are in spaced locations around the periphery of said shaft.
5. The dynamoelectric machine recited in claim 2 wherein said outer end being substantially cylindrical receives on its under surface said coolant for diffusing in a fan-like manner laterally from at least a substantially semi-circumferential portion of said outer end into proximity of said surfaces for cooling without damaging said surfaces.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60249275A | 1975-08-06 | 1975-08-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1071678A true CA1071678A (en) | 1980-02-12 |
Family
ID=24411566
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA255,087A Expired CA1071678A (en) | 1975-08-06 | 1976-06-17 | Diffused spray rotating nozzle such as for cooling dynamoelectric machines |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1071678A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2635038A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2320655A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1514087A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1067940B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7606260A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106887914A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-06-23 | 西门子公司 | Motor with cooled armature spindle |
| WO2023117555A1 (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-29 | Valeo Eautomotive Germany Gmbh | Rotor for an electric machine with a deflection element for coolant |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9322866D0 (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 1993-12-22 | Lucas Ind Public Limited | A rotary generator |
| DE102008001610A1 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-11-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electric machine with cooling device |
| JP5734765B2 (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2015-06-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Cooling structure of rotating electric machine |
| US9373984B2 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2016-06-21 | General Electric Company | Electrical machine |
| SE538824C2 (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2016-12-20 | BAE Systems Hägglunds AB | Method and apparatus for liquid cooling of electric motor |
| DE102020214702A1 (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-25 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Hollow shaft for motor vehicles with at least two outlet openings spaced axially from one another |
| DE102021119990A1 (en) | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Cooling fluid guiding device for an electrical machine, electrical machine and method for providing an electrical machine |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1381593A (en) * | 1963-11-06 | 1964-12-14 | American Radiator & Standard | Electric motor cooled by refrigerant |
| DE2011586A1 (en) * | 1969-03-13 | 1970-10-01 | Rotax Ltd., Birmingham (Großbritannien) | Dynamo-electric machine |
| US3648085A (en) * | 1970-03-26 | 1972-03-07 | Lear Siegler Inc | Liquid cooling arrangement for dynamoelectric machine |
| US3659125A (en) * | 1970-09-10 | 1972-04-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Non-clogging nozzle for rotating equipment such as for cooling dynamo-electric machines |
-
1976
- 1976-06-10 NL NL7606260A patent/NL7606260A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-06-17 CA CA255,087A patent/CA1071678A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-24 GB GB26257/76A patent/GB1514087A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-29 FR FR7619790A patent/FR2320655A1/en active Pending
- 1976-08-04 DE DE19762635038 patent/DE2635038A1/en active Pending
- 1976-08-04 IT IT26031/76A patent/IT1067940B/en active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106887914A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-06-23 | 西门子公司 | Motor with cooled armature spindle |
| WO2023117555A1 (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-29 | Valeo Eautomotive Germany Gmbh | Rotor for an electric machine with a deflection element for coolant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2635038A1 (en) | 1977-02-24 |
| IT1067940B (en) | 1985-03-21 |
| GB1514087A (en) | 1978-06-14 |
| NL7606260A (en) | 1977-02-08 |
| FR2320655A1 (en) | 1977-03-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |