CA1071549A - Drum brake and adjustment therefor - Google Patents
Drum brake and adjustment thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA1071549A CA1071549A CA296,815A CA296815A CA1071549A CA 1071549 A CA1071549 A CA 1071549A CA 296815 A CA296815 A CA 296815A CA 1071549 A CA1071549 A CA 1071549A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pair
- brake
- brake shoes
- piston
- seal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/38—Slack adjusters
- F16D65/40—Slack adjusters mechanical
- F16D65/52—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play
- F16D65/54—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play by means of direct linear adjustment
- F16D65/546—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play by means of direct linear adjustment for mounting within the confines of a drum brake
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D51/00—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like
- F16D51/16—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis
- F16D51/18—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes
- F16D51/26—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes both extending in the same direction from their pivots
- F16D51/30—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes both extending in the same direction from their pivots fluid actuated
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
DRUM BRAKE AND ADJUSTMENT THEREFOR
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A drum brake includes a pair of brake shoes which are pivotally mounted on a backing plate by means of pins which extend from the latter.
A pair of hydraulic actuators are also mounted by the pins and these hydraulic actuators are engageable with respective brake shoes In order to move the brake shoes radially during a braking application.
A piston is slidab1y mounted within a bore on each of the hydraulic actuators and is provided with a head engaging a corresponding brake shoe.
A spring clip secured to the piston head releasably engages the brake shoe so that the piston and brake shoe move together in unison. A frusto conical recess within the bore receives a seal and the seal is deformable during a braking application as the piston moves within the bore. When braking is terminated, the seal returns to its rest position thereby retrac-ting the piston and brake shoe.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A drum brake includes a pair of brake shoes which are pivotally mounted on a backing plate by means of pins which extend from the latter.
A pair of hydraulic actuators are also mounted by the pins and these hydraulic actuators are engageable with respective brake shoes In order to move the brake shoes radially during a braking application.
A piston is slidab1y mounted within a bore on each of the hydraulic actuators and is provided with a head engaging a corresponding brake shoe.
A spring clip secured to the piston head releasably engages the brake shoe so that the piston and brake shoe move together in unison. A frusto conical recess within the bore receives a seal and the seal is deformable during a braking application as the piston moves within the bore. When braking is terminated, the seal returns to its rest position thereby retrac-ting the piston and brake shoe.
Description
~7~
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
. _ , Drum brakes generally provide a pair of brake ' shoes which are radially expandible by a hydraulic actuator to effectuate braking. When braking is terminated, the hydraulic actuator is depressurized and a spring engageable with the pair of brake shoes retracts the brake shoes away from a rotatable member.
,-; Moreover, the pair of brake shoes generally support an adjustment mechanism to maintain the brake shoes in running clearance with the rotatable member.
As the spring and adjustment mechanism add to the - cost and si~e of the drum brake assembly, and although various retraction arrangements are provided in U.S. Patents 3,377,076;
3,218,051; 2,456,066; 2,360,731; and French Patent 1,227,387, it is believed to be desirable to provide a drum brake assembly which retracts the brake shoes when braking is terminated and which adjusts the brake shoes to a running clearance with- ~' out re~uiring a spring or adjustment mechanism between the '' pair of brake shoes. ' The present invention resides in a drum brake having a pair of brake shoes which are engageable with a rotatable , member and a pair o~ hydraulic actuators engageable with respective brake shoes and being operable to move the pair of brake shoes into engagement with the rotatable member.
There is provided a resilient sealing means carried by each hydraulic actuator, the resilient sealing means being deform~
able when each hydraulic actuator is operated to provide a restoring force to enable retraction of the resilient sealing means when operation of each hydraulic actuator is terminated.
A pair of connecting means releasably coup]e the hydraulic actuators with respect,ive brake shoes, the pair of connecting
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
. _ , Drum brakes generally provide a pair of brake ' shoes which are radially expandible by a hydraulic actuator to effectuate braking. When braking is terminated, the hydraulic actuator is depressurized and a spring engageable with the pair of brake shoes retracts the brake shoes away from a rotatable member.
,-; Moreover, the pair of brake shoes generally support an adjustment mechanism to maintain the brake shoes in running clearance with the rotatable member.
As the spring and adjustment mechanism add to the - cost and si~e of the drum brake assembly, and although various retraction arrangements are provided in U.S. Patents 3,377,076;
3,218,051; 2,456,066; 2,360,731; and French Patent 1,227,387, it is believed to be desirable to provide a drum brake assembly which retracts the brake shoes when braking is terminated and which adjusts the brake shoes to a running clearance with- ~' out re~uiring a spring or adjustment mechanism between the '' pair of brake shoes. ' The present invention resides in a drum brake having a pair of brake shoes which are engageable with a rotatable , member and a pair o~ hydraulic actuators engageable with respective brake shoes and being operable to move the pair of brake shoes into engagement with the rotatable member.
There is provided a resilient sealing means carried by each hydraulic actuator, the resilient sealing means being deform~
able when each hydraulic actuator is operated to provide a restoring force to enable retraction of the resilient sealing means when operation of each hydraulic actuator is terminated.
A pair of connecting means releasably coup]e the hydraulic actuators with respect,ive brake shoes, the pair of connecting
- 2 kh/
means providing for retraction of the pair of brake shoes in the absence of a retraction spring which extends between the pair of brake shoes and which biases the pair of brake shoes into engagement with the pair of hydraulic actuators. The pair of brake shoes is retracted solely by the connecting means when the resilient sealing ; means is retracted. Each hydraulic actuator includes a head engageable with a respective brake shoe, the head defining a groove for receiving one of the pair of connecting means.
It is an important object of the present invention to provide a drum brake which automatically adjusts to maintain the brake shoes in running clearance with the rotatable member without requiring a retraction spring extending between the brake shoes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
- Figure 1 is a side view of a brake assembly con-. .
structed in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a cross section view taken along line 2-2 of Figure l; and Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the encircled , portion of Figure 1.
DETAI~ED DESCRIPTION
A drum brake incorporating the features of the present invention is illustrated in Figure 1 and referred to in general as numeral 10. A rotatable member 12 such as a rotating drum on a wheel assembly is mounted relati~e to an axle housing (not shown) for rotation during movement of a vehicle. A backing plate 14 is secured to a non-rotating portion of the axle housing via apertures at 16.
The backing plate 14 carries a pair of pins at 18 and 20 that extend axially from the backing plate.
~ - 3 -' ~ sb/ !~ ~
A brake shoe 22 is pivotally mounted on the pin 18 and a second brake shoe 24 is pivotally mounted on the pin 20. The pair of brake shoes are movable radially . when pivoted about their corresponding pins in order to frictionally engage the rotatable member 12, thereby effectuating braking.
.' .... .
. ~ :
. ': , '`' ~':
- 3a -b/~JI:.
In accordance wieh the invention~ a hydraulic actuator 26 is mounted on pin 18 and a similar hydraulic actuator 28 Is mounted on pin 20. Turning to Ftgure 29 hydraulic actuator 26 Tncludes a housing 30 with an opening 32 for receiving the pin 18 and a bore 34 for slidab1y receivtng a piston 36. The bore 34 and piston 36 cooperate to define a pressure chamber 38 communTcatlng v7a port 41 with a fluid pres-sure source such as a brake master cylTnder (not shown). Fluid communi-cating wtth the pressure chamber 38 moves the piston 36 within the bore 34.
1~ The plston 36 tncludes a blind bore 40 withTn which Ts press fitted a head 42. A groove 44 on the head 42 recetves one end of a spr7ng cllp 46, whT1e the other end releasably engages the brake shoe 24 by means of the spring cllp 46 extending tnto the openTng 48. The spring clip 46 acts as a connecting means for maTntatning the brake shoe 24 in engagement with the head 42 of ptston 36. It is noted9 v7ewTng F7gure 2~ that the head 42 tncludes a slot 50 for receivtng a web 52 of brake shoe 24. .
In order to provtde for retractton of the brake shoe 24 from thz rotatable ~ember 12, the bore 34 ts provTded wtth a recess 5 having a frusto conlcal bottom wall 56 wt~h ~apered slde walls 58, as Illustra~ed in Figure 3. An annular elastomertc seal 60 Is received wtthin the recess 54 and the seal 60 is radtally expandibte to provide an outer wall 62 which conforms to and engages wtth the frusto conical outer surface 56. The seal 60 sea1Tn~ly engages the p1ston 36 but also permits the plston to sllde relative to the seal. When the ptston moves to the rTght, viewing FTgure 2, during a braking 3ppl icat10n the seal 60 is deformed such that it engages the right tapared stde wall 58.
.~ ~onsequently, when braklng ls terminated, the restor7ng Force of the seal 6~ moves the piston 36 to the left through a d7stance sufficient to restore the seal 60 to Its original shape. Mo~ement of the piston 36
means providing for retraction of the pair of brake shoes in the absence of a retraction spring which extends between the pair of brake shoes and which biases the pair of brake shoes into engagement with the pair of hydraulic actuators. The pair of brake shoes is retracted solely by the connecting means when the resilient sealing ; means is retracted. Each hydraulic actuator includes a head engageable with a respective brake shoe, the head defining a groove for receiving one of the pair of connecting means.
It is an important object of the present invention to provide a drum brake which automatically adjusts to maintain the brake shoes in running clearance with the rotatable member without requiring a retraction spring extending between the brake shoes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
- Figure 1 is a side view of a brake assembly con-. .
structed in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a cross section view taken along line 2-2 of Figure l; and Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the encircled , portion of Figure 1.
DETAI~ED DESCRIPTION
A drum brake incorporating the features of the present invention is illustrated in Figure 1 and referred to in general as numeral 10. A rotatable member 12 such as a rotating drum on a wheel assembly is mounted relati~e to an axle housing (not shown) for rotation during movement of a vehicle. A backing plate 14 is secured to a non-rotating portion of the axle housing via apertures at 16.
The backing plate 14 carries a pair of pins at 18 and 20 that extend axially from the backing plate.
~ - 3 -' ~ sb/ !~ ~
A brake shoe 22 is pivotally mounted on the pin 18 and a second brake shoe 24 is pivotally mounted on the pin 20. The pair of brake shoes are movable radially . when pivoted about their corresponding pins in order to frictionally engage the rotatable member 12, thereby effectuating braking.
.' .... .
. ~ :
. ': , '`' ~':
- 3a -b/~JI:.
In accordance wieh the invention~ a hydraulic actuator 26 is mounted on pin 18 and a similar hydraulic actuator 28 Is mounted on pin 20. Turning to Ftgure 29 hydraulic actuator 26 Tncludes a housing 30 with an opening 32 for receiving the pin 18 and a bore 34 for slidab1y receivtng a piston 36. The bore 34 and piston 36 cooperate to define a pressure chamber 38 communTcatlng v7a port 41 with a fluid pres-sure source such as a brake master cylTnder (not shown). Fluid communi-cating wtth the pressure chamber 38 moves the piston 36 within the bore 34.
1~ The plston 36 tncludes a blind bore 40 withTn which Ts press fitted a head 42. A groove 44 on the head 42 recetves one end of a spr7ng cllp 46, whT1e the other end releasably engages the brake shoe 24 by means of the spring cllp 46 extending tnto the openTng 48. The spring clip 46 acts as a connecting means for maTntatning the brake shoe 24 in engagement with the head 42 of ptston 36. It is noted9 v7ewTng F7gure 2~ that the head 42 tncludes a slot 50 for receivtng a web 52 of brake shoe 24. .
In order to provtde for retractton of the brake shoe 24 from thz rotatable ~ember 12, the bore 34 ts provTded wtth a recess 5 having a frusto conlcal bottom wall 56 wt~h ~apered slde walls 58, as Illustra~ed in Figure 3. An annular elastomertc seal 60 Is received wtthin the recess 54 and the seal 60 is radtally expandibte to provide an outer wall 62 which conforms to and engages wtth the frusto conical outer surface 56. The seal 60 sea1Tn~ly engages the p1ston 36 but also permits the plston to sllde relative to the seal. When the ptston moves to the rTght, viewing FTgure 2, during a braking 3ppl icat10n the seal 60 is deformed such that it engages the right tapared stde wall 58.
.~ ~onsequently, when braklng ls terminated, the restor7ng Force of the seal 6~ moves the piston 36 to the left through a d7stance sufficient to restore the seal 60 to Its original shape. Mo~ement of the piston 36
3 by the seal 60 is made possible because the pressure chamber 38 ts .
vented to return when braking is termtnated tn order to reduce the pressure of ~he flutd thereTn. Movereover~ as the pIston 36 7s con-nected to the brake shoe 24 via spring clip 46, the retractton of the piston 36 also pivots the braks shoe 24 about pln 20 to move the brake shoe 24 away from the rotatable member 12. Therefore, the restoring force of the elastomerTc seal 60 provtdes a runn7ng clear-ance between the brake shoe 24 and the rotatable member 72.
Turning to Figure 3 ft is seen that the seal 60 7s provlded with an tnner surface 64 whtch sealingly engages the outer dtameter of ptston 36.
When ~he pressure of flutd within chamber 38 urges the pTston 36 to ~he rtght, vlewing Figure 3, the surface 64 moves to the right with the ptston until the seat 60 abuts the right tapered stde wall 58, at which time the pressure wtthln chamber 38 overcomes the frtettona1 engagement between the seal and ptston to move the piston to the rtght relattve to the seal.
When the pressure of fluTd wtthin chamber 38 Is reduced, the seal 60 tends to return to Its stored shape such that the seal surface 64 moves to the left to al1gn the seal wlth the phantom ltne A. With no pressure acting on piston 36, this left movement of seal surface 64 also moves piston 36 to the left in vTew of the frIotional engagement between the seal and p7ston when chamber 38 Ts depressurlzPd.
As noted in Ftgure 3, the left movement of surface 64 and ptston 36 ts substanttally equal to the dlstance C and thts distance C is depPndent on the slope or taper of the tapered side walls 58. Consequently, if a predetermtned runnTng clearance between th~ brake shoes and rotatable member is destred, the slope of the tapered side walls 58 is set such that C is substantial1y equal to the deslred running clearance.
When the p7s~on 36 moves to the right during a brakTng application, the seal 60 ts deformed a~ menttoned above and the piston 36 sltdes relattve to the deformed seal 60 unttl the brake shoe 24 frictionally engages the rotatable member. Consequently, when braking Ts terminated the restorlng Force of the deformed seal 60 operates to re~ract the piston 36 and brake shoe 24 through a prede~ermined distance sufficlent to restore the seal 60 to Its orlgTnal shape~ Therefore, a runnlng clearance between the brake shoe 24 and rotatable me~ber 12, establlshed by the predetermined distance, Is maln~atned by the restorlng force of the seal 60. Moreover, because no springs extend between the brake shoes to urge the latter away from the rotatable member, the pTston 36 and brake shoe 24 retract only through the predetermined d!stance or runnlng clearance so ~hat the brake shoe 24 and plston 36 are adJusted or moved to a running clearance relative to the rotatable member.
With such seal adjustmen~ for the plston and brake shoe 24, the piston and sho~ need only travel through a distance substantially equal to the running clearance when a subsequen~ braking applIcation occurs.
Although the foregolng descrtption 7s directed to the top hydraullc actuator 26 of Ftgure 1, It is understood that the bottom hydraullc ac~uator 28 cooperates with the brake shoe 22 in the same manner to urge the latter Into engagement wTth the rotatable member.
In concluslon, tt is apparent that the present invention provides for the adjustmen~ of the ptston and brake shoe to a running clearance with 2~ a rotatable member in the absence of retraction springs. Altho~gh one specif1c embodiment of the inventlon is described herein, It Ts intended that any alternatives, modiflcatlons or var~ations thereof b~ covered withln the scope of the appended cla7m5.
vented to return when braking is termtnated tn order to reduce the pressure of ~he flutd thereTn. Movereover~ as the pIston 36 7s con-nected to the brake shoe 24 via spring clip 46, the retractton of the piston 36 also pivots the braks shoe 24 about pln 20 to move the brake shoe 24 away from the rotatable member 12. Therefore, the restoring force of the elastomerTc seal 60 provtdes a runn7ng clear-ance between the brake shoe 24 and the rotatable member 72.
Turning to Figure 3 ft is seen that the seal 60 7s provlded with an tnner surface 64 whtch sealingly engages the outer dtameter of ptston 36.
When ~he pressure of flutd within chamber 38 urges the pTston 36 to ~he rtght, vlewing Figure 3, the surface 64 moves to the right with the ptston until the seat 60 abuts the right tapered stde wall 58, at which time the pressure wtthln chamber 38 overcomes the frtettona1 engagement between the seal and ptston to move the piston to the rtght relattve to the seal.
When the pressure of fluTd wtthin chamber 38 Is reduced, the seal 60 tends to return to Its stored shape such that the seal surface 64 moves to the left to al1gn the seal wlth the phantom ltne A. With no pressure acting on piston 36, this left movement of seal surface 64 also moves piston 36 to the left in vTew of the frIotional engagement between the seal and p7ston when chamber 38 Ts depressurlzPd.
As noted in Ftgure 3, the left movement of surface 64 and ptston 36 ts substanttally equal to the dlstance C and thts distance C is depPndent on the slope or taper of the tapered side walls 58. Consequently, if a predetermtned runnTng clearance between th~ brake shoes and rotatable member is destred, the slope of the tapered side walls 58 is set such that C is substantial1y equal to the deslred running clearance.
When the p7s~on 36 moves to the right during a brakTng application, the seal 60 ts deformed a~ menttoned above and the piston 36 sltdes relattve to the deformed seal 60 unttl the brake shoe 24 frictionally engages the rotatable member. Consequently, when braking Ts terminated the restorlng Force of the deformed seal 60 operates to re~ract the piston 36 and brake shoe 24 through a prede~ermined distance sufficlent to restore the seal 60 to Its orlgTnal shape~ Therefore, a runnlng clearance between the brake shoe 24 and rotatable me~ber 12, establlshed by the predetermined distance, Is maln~atned by the restorlng force of the seal 60. Moreover, because no springs extend between the brake shoes to urge the latter away from the rotatable member, the pTston 36 and brake shoe 24 retract only through the predetermined d!stance or runnlng clearance so ~hat the brake shoe 24 and plston 36 are adJusted or moved to a running clearance relative to the rotatable member.
With such seal adjustmen~ for the plston and brake shoe 24, the piston and sho~ need only travel through a distance substantially equal to the running clearance when a subsequen~ braking applIcation occurs.
Although the foregolng descrtption 7s directed to the top hydraullc actuator 26 of Ftgure 1, It is understood that the bottom hydraullc ac~uator 28 cooperates with the brake shoe 22 in the same manner to urge the latter Into engagement wTth the rotatable member.
In concluslon, tt is apparent that the present invention provides for the adjustmen~ of the ptston and brake shoe to a running clearance with 2~ a rotatable member in the absence of retraction springs. Altho~gh one specif1c embodiment of the inventlon is described herein, It Ts intended that any alternatives, modiflcatlons or var~ations thereof b~ covered withln the scope of the appended cla7m5.
Claims
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a drum brake having a pair of brake shoes which are engageable with a rotatable member, and a pair of hydraulic actuators engageable with respective brake shoes and operable to move the pair of brake shoes into engagement with the rotatable member, the improve-ment wherein a resilient sealing means is carried by each hydraulic actuator, said resilient sealing means being deformable when each hydraulic actuator is operated to provide a restoring force to enable retraction of said resilient sealing means when operation of each hydraulic actuator is terminated, and a pair of connecting means releasably coupling the hydraulic actuators with respective brake shoes, said pair of connecting means providing for retraction of said pair of brake shoes in the absence of a retraction spring which extends between said pair of brake shoes and which biases said pair of brake shoes into engagement with said pair of hydraulic actuators, said pair of brake shoes being retracted solely by said connecting means when said resilient sealing means is retracted and each hydraulic actuator including a head engageable with a respective brake shoe, said head defining a groove for receiving one of said pair of connecting means.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US78125377A | 1977-03-25 | 1977-03-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1071549A true CA1071549A (en) | 1980-02-12 |
Family
ID=25122147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA296,815A Expired CA1071549A (en) | 1977-03-25 | 1978-02-13 | Drum brake and adjustment therefor |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53118671A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR212838A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3463378A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7801762A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1071549A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2811763A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES468153A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2384992A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1093730B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR8105483A (en) * | 1980-08-28 | 1982-05-11 | Kelsey Hayes Co | HYDRAULIC BRAKE PISTON AND VEHICLE BRAKE ACTIVATED BY PISTON |
| FR2836530B1 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2004-05-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | DRUM BRAKE, LOT AND ELASTICALLY DEFORMABLE MEANS FOR THIS BRAKE |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE550497A (en) * | ||||
| FR1227387A (en) * | 1959-03-04 | 1960-08-19 | Actuating device with cylinder and piston and pressurized fluid |
-
1978
- 1978-02-13 CA CA296,815A patent/CA1071549A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-17 DE DE19782811763 patent/DE2811763A1/en active Pending
- 1978-03-20 AR AR271478A patent/AR212838A1/en active
- 1978-03-22 BR BR7801762A patent/BR7801762A/en unknown
- 1978-03-22 ES ES468153A patent/ES468153A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-24 FR FR7808608A patent/FR2384992A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-03-24 IT IT21607/78A patent/IT1093730B/en active
- 1978-03-24 JP JP3320778A patent/JPS53118671A/en active Pending
- 1978-03-31 AU AU34633/78A patent/AU3463378A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2811763A1 (en) | 1978-09-28 |
| ES468153A1 (en) | 1979-01-01 |
| AR212838A1 (en) | 1978-10-13 |
| FR2384992A1 (en) | 1978-10-20 |
| AU3463378A (en) | 1979-10-04 |
| BR7801762A (en) | 1978-10-24 |
| IT7821607A0 (en) | 1978-03-24 |
| IT1093730B (en) | 1985-07-26 |
| JPS53118671A (en) | 1978-10-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |