CA1069305A - Apparatus for the gasification of coal - Google Patents
Apparatus for the gasification of coalInfo
- Publication number
- CA1069305A CA1069305A CA231,820A CA231820A CA1069305A CA 1069305 A CA1069305 A CA 1069305A CA 231820 A CA231820 A CA 231820A CA 1069305 A CA1069305 A CA 1069305A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- constriction
- oxygen
- reactor
- coal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
- C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0943—Coke
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
A coal gasifier with a combined coal inlet and ash outlet, comprising a vertical gasifier, an ash quench at the bottom, a throat between the gasifier and the ash quench and an inlet for coal, oxygen and steam pointing through the ash quench towards the throat.
A coal gasifier with a combined coal inlet and ash outlet, comprising a vertical gasifier, an ash quench at the bottom, a throat between the gasifier and the ash quench and an inlet for coal, oxygen and steam pointing through the ash quench towards the throat.
Description
~o69305
- 2 -The invention relates to an apparatus for the gasification of powdered coal by partial combustion with oxygen or a gas containing oxygen, consisting of a vertical reactor provided with inlets for coal, oxygen or a gas containing oxygen and with outlets for product gas and ash. Besides oxygen also steam ; can be added.
In this context coal is taken to comprise a great variety of free-carbon-containing fuels such as anthracite, bituminous coal, brown coal, lignite, soot, coke. Gasification of coal as envisaged here yields a gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This gas can serve as a fuel, whether or not after removal of undesirable componen~s such as sulphur-containing compounds, soot, ash particles.
In general, gases can easily be freed from such contaminants, which makes this route attractive for the preparation of a gaseous fuel, because solid coal is much more difficult to purify. Gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen are also important base materials for chemical syntheses such as the preparation of ammonia and hydrocarbons.
In gasification the ash content of coal presents a problem, because without special precautions it may accumulate in undesirable places in the reactor and tubes. The ash content varies strongly with the sort of ash and also depends on whether or not the coal has been pretreated. Now, the invention provides an ~ ~' ~069305 apparatus which allows continuous gasification without the ash content of the coal presenting problems.
The invention therefore relates to an apparatus for the gasification of powdered coal by partial combustion with oxygen or a gas containing oxygen, consisting of a vertical reactor provided with inlets for coal, oxygen or a gas containing oxygen and with outlets for product gas and ash, while to the bottom of the reactor, via a constriction, a section is connected ~for the supply of the gases required for gasification, which supply section consists of a chamber with, in ^;
a central position and opening opposite the constriction, a set of coaxial tubes for the supply of coal and for at least part of the required gases, which set of tubes protrudes through the bottom of the chamber, which chamber is provided with an inlet for water for maintaining an amount of water with free surface around the set ~ ~;
of coaxial tubes, and which chamber is provided with an outlet for solid slag particles, the outlet for product gas being located in the upper part of the reactor.
When the apparatus is in operation, the flame and reaction zones are situated completely inside the reactor. The mixture of powdered coal and gas emerging from the coaxial tubes moves upwards through the centre of the constriction in the form of a jet and ignites immediately after it has entered the reactor. In the , '' ;, reactor hot gas is recirculated, which leads to flame stabilisation. The temperature prevailing throughout the reactor is so high that the ash is liquid and descends along the walls of the reactor in the form of liquid ~ -slag. The recirculating gases promote the downward flow of slagO It is important that the bottom of the reactor and the wall of the constriction are at a very high temperature. This is caused by recirculating gas that still tends to descend through the constriction and is then entrained in the opposite direction by the aforementioned jet. Moreover, thermal radiation emanating from the flame supplies heat to the constriction. At this critical point of the reactor, where otherwise the slag would accumulate, it remains in the liquid form because o~ the high temperature. The liquid slag falls down from the edge of the constriction and reaches the water in the chamber. The slag then solidi~ies and can leave the chamber through a suitable outlet.
This may be a pressure lock. The heat that is released ~0 converts water into steam, which is entrained with the jet into the reactor. Should the gasification be carried out with steam addition, which can be supplied through the set of tubes, this amount of steam is to be taken into account. The pressure in the chamber is equal to that in the reactor, so that the steam formed can be used immediately. The apparatus is suitable ~ !
for gasification at any desired pressure. The set io6g305 of tubes for the supply of powdered coal and oxygen (or air) is considerably cooled by the surrounding water. This is an elegant solution to the frequently arising problem of superheating of the metal supply tubes as a result of flame radiation. With the apparatus according to the invention this problem would be particularly prominent, because the diameter of the constriction is chosen not too small, for the purpose of facilitating the discharge of slag. The diameter of the constriction is preferably 3-10 times the diameter of the outer tube of the set of tubes.
If required, some inlets for oxygen may be spaced at regular intervals over the side wall of the chamber in the vicinity of the constriction. Via these inlets, ~.
for example, 5% of the total quantity of oxygen can be fed in the reactor. The small proportion of the recirculating gas mentioned earlier, which descends through the constriction is ignited by this oxygen, which contributes to maintaining the wall of the constriction at the desired high temperature.
The ohamber may contain, below the water surface, an inclined surface, with the outlet for solid slag partlcles being located near the lowest point. This inclined surface may be the bottom of the chamber.
This leads to a better rundown of the solid particles.
With a view to enlarging the capacity, it is furthermore possible to give at least the constriction an elongated ~069~05 horizontal cross-section, more than one set of tubes being arranged side by side opposite the constriction.
If required, the horizontal cross-sections of the reactor and the chamber may also have an elongated form.
The invention will now be elucidated with reference to two figures giving cross-sections of apparatus according the invention.
Fig. 1 shows constriction 1 located between reactor 2 and supply section 3. Chamber 4 is provided with ;
a set of tubes 5 consisting of an inner tube 6 and a coaxial outer tube 7. Arrow 8 indicates that powdered coal is supplied through inner tube 6 together with part of the oxygen required for the partial combustion.
This may be pure oxygen, air or air enriched in oxygen.
Arrow 9 indicates the supply of oxygen and steam, if any. The mixture of coal powder, oxygen and steam, if any, emerging from the tubes enters via constriction 1 reactor 2 in the form of a jet and ignites. The dashed arrows 10 indicate that a small part of the hot gas formed, while recirculating, leaves the reactor 1 and reaches a point beyond the constriction. If desired, this gas has been ignited with oxygen 11 which has entered chamber 4 via inlets 12 in the side wall. By supplying water, indicated by arrow 13, a certain amount of water is maintained in chamber 4. Liquid slag flows down from the edge of constriction 1, indicated by arrows 14, and falls into the water. Slag that has solidified is withdrawn at the bottom, as indicated by arrow 15, Released steam is entrained to the reactor with the jet emerging from tubes 5. In this example the diameter of constriction 1 is four times the diameter of the outer tube 7. The bottom 16 of chamber 4 is an inclined surface.
Figure 2 shows a top view of a cross-section of ; -a constriction with an elongated form. The wall of the constriction is indicated by 17. This cross-section also shows the top sides of three sets of tubes. These lie in one line, which is centrally situated in respect of the diameter of the width of the constriction.
, - ' .
:
.'
In this context coal is taken to comprise a great variety of free-carbon-containing fuels such as anthracite, bituminous coal, brown coal, lignite, soot, coke. Gasification of coal as envisaged here yields a gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This gas can serve as a fuel, whether or not after removal of undesirable componen~s such as sulphur-containing compounds, soot, ash particles.
In general, gases can easily be freed from such contaminants, which makes this route attractive for the preparation of a gaseous fuel, because solid coal is much more difficult to purify. Gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen are also important base materials for chemical syntheses such as the preparation of ammonia and hydrocarbons.
In gasification the ash content of coal presents a problem, because without special precautions it may accumulate in undesirable places in the reactor and tubes. The ash content varies strongly with the sort of ash and also depends on whether or not the coal has been pretreated. Now, the invention provides an ~ ~' ~069305 apparatus which allows continuous gasification without the ash content of the coal presenting problems.
The invention therefore relates to an apparatus for the gasification of powdered coal by partial combustion with oxygen or a gas containing oxygen, consisting of a vertical reactor provided with inlets for coal, oxygen or a gas containing oxygen and with outlets for product gas and ash, while to the bottom of the reactor, via a constriction, a section is connected ~for the supply of the gases required for gasification, which supply section consists of a chamber with, in ^;
a central position and opening opposite the constriction, a set of coaxial tubes for the supply of coal and for at least part of the required gases, which set of tubes protrudes through the bottom of the chamber, which chamber is provided with an inlet for water for maintaining an amount of water with free surface around the set ~ ~;
of coaxial tubes, and which chamber is provided with an outlet for solid slag particles, the outlet for product gas being located in the upper part of the reactor.
When the apparatus is in operation, the flame and reaction zones are situated completely inside the reactor. The mixture of powdered coal and gas emerging from the coaxial tubes moves upwards through the centre of the constriction in the form of a jet and ignites immediately after it has entered the reactor. In the , '' ;, reactor hot gas is recirculated, which leads to flame stabilisation. The temperature prevailing throughout the reactor is so high that the ash is liquid and descends along the walls of the reactor in the form of liquid ~ -slag. The recirculating gases promote the downward flow of slagO It is important that the bottom of the reactor and the wall of the constriction are at a very high temperature. This is caused by recirculating gas that still tends to descend through the constriction and is then entrained in the opposite direction by the aforementioned jet. Moreover, thermal radiation emanating from the flame supplies heat to the constriction. At this critical point of the reactor, where otherwise the slag would accumulate, it remains in the liquid form because o~ the high temperature. The liquid slag falls down from the edge of the constriction and reaches the water in the chamber. The slag then solidi~ies and can leave the chamber through a suitable outlet.
This may be a pressure lock. The heat that is released ~0 converts water into steam, which is entrained with the jet into the reactor. Should the gasification be carried out with steam addition, which can be supplied through the set of tubes, this amount of steam is to be taken into account. The pressure in the chamber is equal to that in the reactor, so that the steam formed can be used immediately. The apparatus is suitable ~ !
for gasification at any desired pressure. The set io6g305 of tubes for the supply of powdered coal and oxygen (or air) is considerably cooled by the surrounding water. This is an elegant solution to the frequently arising problem of superheating of the metal supply tubes as a result of flame radiation. With the apparatus according to the invention this problem would be particularly prominent, because the diameter of the constriction is chosen not too small, for the purpose of facilitating the discharge of slag. The diameter of the constriction is preferably 3-10 times the diameter of the outer tube of the set of tubes.
If required, some inlets for oxygen may be spaced at regular intervals over the side wall of the chamber in the vicinity of the constriction. Via these inlets, ~.
for example, 5% of the total quantity of oxygen can be fed in the reactor. The small proportion of the recirculating gas mentioned earlier, which descends through the constriction is ignited by this oxygen, which contributes to maintaining the wall of the constriction at the desired high temperature.
The ohamber may contain, below the water surface, an inclined surface, with the outlet for solid slag partlcles being located near the lowest point. This inclined surface may be the bottom of the chamber.
This leads to a better rundown of the solid particles.
With a view to enlarging the capacity, it is furthermore possible to give at least the constriction an elongated ~069~05 horizontal cross-section, more than one set of tubes being arranged side by side opposite the constriction.
If required, the horizontal cross-sections of the reactor and the chamber may also have an elongated form.
The invention will now be elucidated with reference to two figures giving cross-sections of apparatus according the invention.
Fig. 1 shows constriction 1 located between reactor 2 and supply section 3. Chamber 4 is provided with ;
a set of tubes 5 consisting of an inner tube 6 and a coaxial outer tube 7. Arrow 8 indicates that powdered coal is supplied through inner tube 6 together with part of the oxygen required for the partial combustion.
This may be pure oxygen, air or air enriched in oxygen.
Arrow 9 indicates the supply of oxygen and steam, if any. The mixture of coal powder, oxygen and steam, if any, emerging from the tubes enters via constriction 1 reactor 2 in the form of a jet and ignites. The dashed arrows 10 indicate that a small part of the hot gas formed, while recirculating, leaves the reactor 1 and reaches a point beyond the constriction. If desired, this gas has been ignited with oxygen 11 which has entered chamber 4 via inlets 12 in the side wall. By supplying water, indicated by arrow 13, a certain amount of water is maintained in chamber 4. Liquid slag flows down from the edge of constriction 1, indicated by arrows 14, and falls into the water. Slag that has solidified is withdrawn at the bottom, as indicated by arrow 15, Released steam is entrained to the reactor with the jet emerging from tubes 5. In this example the diameter of constriction 1 is four times the diameter of the outer tube 7. The bottom 16 of chamber 4 is an inclined surface.
Figure 2 shows a top view of a cross-section of ; -a constriction with an elongated form. The wall of the constriction is indicated by 17. This cross-section also shows the top sides of three sets of tubes. These lie in one line, which is centrally situated in respect of the diameter of the width of the constriction.
, - ' .
:
.'
Claims (6)
1. An apparatus for the gasification of powdered coal by partial combustion with oxygen or a gas containing oxygen, consisting of a vertical reactor provided with inlets for coal, oxygen or a gas containing oxygen, and steam and with outlets for product gas and ash, characterized in that at the bottom of the reactor, via a constriction, a section is connected for the supply of the gases required for gasification, which supply section consists of a chamber with, in a central position and opening opposite the constriction, a set of coaxial tubes for the supply of coal and for at least part of the required gases, which set of tubes protrudes through the bottom of the chamber, which chamber is provided with an inlet for water for maintaining an amount of water with free surface around the set of coaxial tubes, and which chamber is provided with an outlet for solid slag particles, the outlet for product gas being located in the upper part of the reactor.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the constriction is 3-10 times the diameter of the outer tube of the set of tubes.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that some inlets for oxygen are spaced at regular intervals over the side wall of the chamber in the vicinity of the constriction.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber may contain, below the water surface, an inclined surface with the outlet for solid slag particles being located near the lowest point.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the construction has an elongated horizontal cross-section, more than one set of tubes being arranged side by side opposite the construction.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the horizontal cross-sections of the reactor and the chamber also have an elongated form.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NLAANVRAGE7411433,A NL175531C (en) | 1974-08-28 | 1974-08-28 | Apparatus for the gasification of coal, consisting of a reactor and a chamber connected thereto via a narrowing, in which a coaxial piping system is placed. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1069305A true CA1069305A (en) | 1980-01-08 |
Family
ID=19821987
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA231,820A Expired CA1069305A (en) | 1974-08-28 | 1975-07-18 | Apparatus for the gasification of coal |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5176302A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU8426975A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE832561A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1069305A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD119608A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2537948C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2283208A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1517765A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN142680B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1041932B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL175531C (en) |
| PL (1) | PL96944B1 (en) |
| SU (1) | SU607554A3 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA755442B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2920922C3 (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1986-08-21 | Voest-Alpine Ag, Wien | Method and device for gasifying coal |
| JPS62236891A (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1987-10-16 | Hitachi Ltd | Method and apparatus for gasification in coal gasification oven |
| JPH086099B2 (en) * | 1990-01-26 | 1996-01-24 | バブコツク日立株式会社 | Slag discharge device of spouted bed coal gasifier |
| DE102015121869A1 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-22 | Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh | Process and plant for the continuous dewatering of water contained material, in particular for dewatering lignite |
| CN114410352A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-04-29 | 安徽科达洁能股份有限公司 | Adjustable waste heat recovery device and method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB190540A (en) * | 1921-09-23 | 1922-12-27 | William Mair Rolph | Improvements in boxes, especially luncheon or picnic boxes |
| US1935312A (en) * | 1933-03-06 | 1933-11-14 | Wallace Barnes Company | Supporting device |
| NL171435C (en) * | 1971-06-30 | 1983-04-05 | Shell Int Research | PROCESS FOR INCOMPLETE BURNING OF A FREE AND / OR BONDED CARBON-CONTAINING FUEL TO A CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN-CONTAINING GAS IN A RELATIVELY PRESSURE REACTOR. |
-
1974
- 1974-08-28 NL NLAANVRAGE7411433,A patent/NL175531C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1975
- 1975-07-18 CA CA231,820A patent/CA1069305A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-07-19 IN IN1416/CAL/75A patent/IN142680B/en unknown
- 1975-08-20 BE BE1006836A patent/BE832561A/en unknown
- 1975-08-26 AU AU84269/75A patent/AU8426975A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-08-26 DD DD188025A patent/DD119608A5/xx unknown
- 1975-08-26 DE DE2537948A patent/DE2537948C2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-08-26 GB GB35133/75A patent/GB1517765A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-08-26 ZA ZA00755442A patent/ZA755442B/en unknown
- 1975-08-26 JP JP50102643A patent/JPS5176302A/ja active Pending
- 1975-08-26 PL PL1975182919A patent/PL96944B1/en unknown
- 1975-08-26 FR FR7526263A patent/FR2283208A1/en active Granted
- 1975-08-26 SU SU752168160A patent/SU607554A3/en active
- 1975-08-26 IT IT26589/75A patent/IT1041932B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2537948C2 (en) | 1985-10-03 |
| FR2283208A1 (en) | 1976-03-26 |
| NL175531B (en) | 1984-06-18 |
| NL7411433A (en) | 1976-03-02 |
| DD119608A5 (en) | 1976-05-05 |
| IT1041932B (en) | 1980-01-10 |
| IN142680B (en) | 1977-08-13 |
| PL96944B1 (en) | 1978-01-31 |
| AU8426975A (en) | 1977-03-03 |
| BE832561A (en) | 1976-02-20 |
| DE2537948A1 (en) | 1976-03-11 |
| JPS5176302A (en) | 1976-07-01 |
| GB1517765A (en) | 1978-07-12 |
| FR2283208B1 (en) | 1978-04-07 |
| SU607554A3 (en) | 1978-05-15 |
| NL175531C (en) | 1984-11-16 |
| ZA755442B (en) | 1976-07-28 |
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