CA1064767A - Method of applying pattern designs on paper webs particularly for dry transfer textile printing processes - Google Patents
Method of applying pattern designs on paper webs particularly for dry transfer textile printing processesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1064767A CA1064767A CA237,209A CA237209A CA1064767A CA 1064767 A CA1064767 A CA 1064767A CA 237209 A CA237209 A CA 237209A CA 1064767 A CA1064767 A CA 1064767A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- ink
- screen
- stencil
- pattern
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/12—Transfer pictures or the like, e.g. decalcomanias
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
- B41M1/12—Stencil printing; Silk-screen printing
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- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
Method of applying patterned designs upon paper surfaces by screen printing comprising the steps of pro-viding a screen having a matrix pattern formed with openings therethrough separated by connecting bridges of the screen mate-rial,the openings being of uniform spacing and size throughout the screen, the connecting bridges being of uniform spacing and size throughout the screen and forming outer essentially flat engagement surfaces at the side of the screen adapted to engage the paper surface, upon printing; placing a predetermined coverage pattern corresponding to pattern areas of design on the screen stencil at the obverse side thereof, with respect to the engagement surfaces; applying ink to the stencil;
contacting the side of the stencil adjacent the surfaces with the paper; and working the ink through the openings of the stencil to the paper in those areas where the coverage pattern forming pattern areas of the design exposes openings in the screen to print the pattern areas of the design in uniform dot pattern of uniform dots, uniformly distributed with uni-form gaps between the dots corresponding to the screen bridges as determined by the matrix pattern of the screen.
Method of applying patterned designs upon paper surfaces by screen printing comprising the steps of pro-viding a screen having a matrix pattern formed with openings therethrough separated by connecting bridges of the screen mate-rial,the openings being of uniform spacing and size throughout the screen, the connecting bridges being of uniform spacing and size throughout the screen and forming outer essentially flat engagement surfaces at the side of the screen adapted to engage the paper surface, upon printing; placing a predetermined coverage pattern corresponding to pattern areas of design on the screen stencil at the obverse side thereof, with respect to the engagement surfaces; applying ink to the stencil;
contacting the side of the stencil adjacent the surfaces with the paper; and working the ink through the openings of the stencil to the paper in those areas where the coverage pattern forming pattern areas of the design exposes openings in the screen to print the pattern areas of the design in uniform dot pattern of uniform dots, uniformly distributed with uni-form gaps between the dots corresponding to the screen bridges as determined by the matrix pattern of the screen.
Description
The present invention relates to a method of applying patterned designs upon paper surfaces by screen printing.
The present method relates to the first step of the dry transfer process, that is, to the step of printing on the paper substrate; it relates, generally, to printing on paper, in which ink is to be absorbed.
Designs orpatterns are frequentlyprintedon paperas a method stepin providing designs orpatterns on textile material. In dry transfer printing, several types of known ; coloring materials are used in order to print, or dyej patterns on textiIe fabrics which may be woven or knit, and made of acetate, polyesterj polyamide, polyacrylic, polyvinylchloride, polyurethane, or other similar man-made fibers. ~ispersion dyes or inks or colors are particularly used in such dyeing or patter-ning. Some inks or dyes customarily used have the property to sub-limate at a temperature of about 150C or higher, that is, to change from fixed to gaseous phase without passing through a liquid phase. This characteristic of the dye is used in the dry transfer process. The pattern to be applied to the textile material, rather than being applied directly thereto is first printed on paper which is then continuously, or in steps, brought into contact with the textile material to which the pattern is to be applied. Heat and pressure is applied, so that the dye on the paper changes to gaseous phase and con-denses on the textile fibers and thereby also diffuses to the fibers. This transfer process, also referred to as dye transfer itself, is a portion of the entire patterning process. Printing on the paper and transfer from the major step of the dry transfer process. The paper and the textile substrate are brought to-gether usually in a suitable calendar, or under a pressure blade or apparatus in a continuously moving process; they may 10~476~ .
also be brought together in batch processes in stationary : presses. This method of applying designs may replace con~en-tional textile printing methods, such as flat or rotary screen printing or raised roller printing, in which the designs are directly applied to the textile substrate.
Beside these processes, a wet transfer process lS
:
, .. . . .
known in which dye~ also applied to paper are transferred to the fabric unaer influence of vapor, ty~ically hot water vàpor, or steam, so that the textile substrate is suitably patterned. ~hi~
process is mentioned onl.y for completeness of various textile patterni-ng processes; the present invention is not generally directed to the wet transfer Process, rather to the dry transfer ~rocess .
The dr~ transfer process has some advantages with re~pect to the conventional direct textile printing in that additional ~tep9 have to be carried out on the fabric in the latter proce~s.
~o fix the ink, or dye, in the direct printing process on the fabric it must be subjected to s-teamS to maintain the hand o~ the fabric, as well as render the material laundry and wash-safe, the printed fabric must be washed first. ~he dry transfer print process avoids the additional treatment steps of the fabric and thus is less expensive in its application, ~ he trans~er paper which is printed in the dry transfer process may have the dge or ink applied by various pr~nting processes, such a~ raised rotary printing, offset printing, flat b~d ~20~ print mg, rotary film printing or flexo-printing. ~he qualitatively bèst results are obtained ~n photogravure- and flexo-printing.
Paper pri-nted bg means o~ offset processes or flat film print~ng are not used to great extent in industrg; rotary screen printing applied to the paper is increasingly used due to the low price of -the te~tile sub~trate when completely pat-terned. Heretoforelhowever, rotary screen printing could not compare in quality with roller printing. Photogravure-printing produces excellent printed results;
rotary screen proce~se~, however, heretofore required compromises either with res-pect to price or quali-ty.
~eduction in quality of printing when using rotary screen printing proceese~ with respect to roller printing will be 1~64767 no-ticeable primarily in that in the photogravure-printing comparatively large uniform areas of a particular color could be printed to have absolutely uniform color distribution; when adjacent colored surfaces were printed of dif~erent color, or hue, the slight overlap which is required due to the e-ngraving of the rollers did not lead to smear, or diffusion of one color or ink into the other. The positioning or geometric main-tenance of the pattern being applied is excellent when using roller printing;
, tendency o~ the ink to flow to an adjacent zone, or to an adjacent zone o~ a different color is low. Transfer of i-nk from still wet ~aper, that is, from paper still wet with ink, into the i~k of the subsequent printing form is practically ex~luded.
With respect to quali-ty~ pho~o~ravure-printin~ thus has `` substantial advanta~es, one o~ which being that, ~rimaril~, dry paper is used for printing. All print applications are fir~t dried l;
in the drying chamber, associated with the particular printing pattern or form before it i~ printed on the second pattern, by the second color, or by covering ink. The second ink application may be by rotary screens, ~'or example~
The photogravure-printing process thus relates to a "wet-~' to-dry" printing method; rotary screen printing i9~ however, a ~` "wet-to-wet" prin~inig methoQ. ~he dif~erence i~ easi~y seen;screen printing~ and particularly rotary ~creen pri-nting, was first I developed ~or direct printing textile materials, which,~due to their excellent absorption of ink, are particularly suitable for a "wet-t~-wet" printing process. There was no nece 9 sity to con~truct drying chambers in combination with rotary screen printing machines.
`~ If, then, paper is to be patterned or printed with rotary screen printing machine3, in order to apply the dry transfer prin-ting process to tex-tiles, it would be desirable -to use the existing screen pri~ting machinery without incurring the expense of ~ubsequent construction o~ intermediate drying chambers, although 3' 11)647~;7 it would -theoretica~ly be possible to 90 reconstruct the rotary screen printing m~chines which are already in existence.
Some basic difficulties arise when using rotary screen printing machines to print on paper: if a predetermined quantity of ink is applied to the paper, in accordance with.pa-ttern, then the quantity of ink must be carefully metered to have an exact relation to the absorption capacity of the transfer pa~er A quantati~e absorption problem thus arises in that the quantity of ink which is available must be such that a closed film of ink can always be applied, 90 that the absorption capability of the paper is over-loaded with respect to the quantity of ink actually available; in other word~, the applied quantity of ir~ can be absorbed into the paper only in part, the rest remaining on the sur~ace. ~hus, the first oolor of ir~ may smear with respect to the second, since an unabsorbed film of ir~ floats on the surface of the paper web which mixes on the paper with the subsequent color of ink merging at the edge, or ~uperimposed thereon. ~his smearing and mixing process i9 additionally anhanced by the mechanical loading placed on the paper during the screen prin-ting, that is~ due to the compre~sion o~ the paper which had the first coating of ink applied at the next ~ubsequent screen printing stencil roller.
An additional diffioulty ari~es: the ink which is first printed on the stencil can penetrate into the ~creen openings o~
the next subsequent stencil, ~o that:a portion of the fir~t printing ink is transferred to and through the surface of the sub~eque~t patterning ~tencil. If~this occurs in one of the open portions o~
the screen vf the subsequent stencil, that is, in a region where the ~econd ink was to print, then there will be inter-mi~ture of the ink -.~rom the first printing into the interior of the stencil of the second color, to be there mixed with the ink o~ the second color, thu~ undesirably affecting the purity of the color, or hue, of the second ink.
106476~
~esides smear of the ink, suxfaces of paper on which ink is applied which is not absorbed within the paper are difficult to be printed on with subsequent patterns. The second color ink is apt to flow into the first colored ink;
this phenomena has been referred to as insufficient stability of the ink.
After a paper web has been printed with ink, it must be dried so tha-t -the paper can be rolled without smearing. If the pattern provides areas which are not printed, that is, the natural surface of the paper, then, upon drying, ; the unprinted portions of the paper are excessively heated and the intense drying heat, to vaporize the volatile portions of the ink, is substantial. The zones which have been printed can just barely give off their volatile contents while the un-printed surfaces are over-heated. This difference in moisture between the printed and unprinted portions of the paper needs :
to localize tension within the paper so that it buckles, or forms bubbles and bulges; upon subsequent transfer printing, - these bubbles or bulges cause problems.
The absorption problems so far discussed generally relate to the quantity of ink being applied; quali-tative difficulties also arise. Any surfaces to be inked must have a uniform depth of color, or hue; within a particular pattern areas of a particular color, adjacent zones must have the same hue and the unifirmity of application of color must be such that the naked eye cannot recognize any differences in color saturation of the printed surfaces.
The capability of absorption of ink by the paper is thus of substantial importance and the way and manner of the absorption of the ink must be controlled. In this type of rotary screen printing it is necessary that the film of ink applied to the paper sinks uniformly within the surface of the ~ 6~767 paper; the uniformity of absorption is determined by the paper it3elf. If the capability o~ ab~orption is uniform, then th~
ink will be accepted e~sentially uniform--with respect to the depth of penetration of the ink within the paper substrate.
The quantity of ink being applied of course also affects the absorption of the ink. If, for example, a quantity of ink is used which can saturate the paper through to the back surface thereof, then any non-uniformitie~ within the paper it~elf will have greater e~fect than with shallower penetration ~ince any differences in absorption within the paper will be effective on the ink throughout the entire tranæverse dimension of the paper rather than merely through a portion thereof.
It is an object of the present invention to pro~ide a pro¢es~, particularly adapted to the dry transfer process of printing pattern3 on paper which is inexpensive and which results in printed paper ~heets or webs of high quality.
According to the present invention, there i~ provided a method of applying patterned de~ upon a sub3trate9 compri-sing the steps of:
~ - providing a rotary screen stencil formed with openlng~
thexethrough, - placing said rotary screen stencil over a ~urface of ; said 3ubstrate, - placing a predetermined coverage pattern correspondi~g to pattern areas of design on the ~creen stencil at the obver3e side thereof with respect to the side of 3aid ~creen stencil facing said subs~rate, - applying a predetermined quantity of ink to ~aid rotary screen ste~cil, said ink being applied by taking into consideration the flow-de~ormation properties of said ink, - pressing by ~queegee means said ink through said ope-nings of ~aid rotary screen stencil onto the surface of the subs-trate, and, ~ -6-`
:~ ;
,, ~1 ~' :: ~ ` 1064767 - giving to ~aid ~queegee means a predetermined angle 0~ inclinat~on in order to transfer the necessary amount o~ ink from the rotary screen stencil onto the substrate in form of ~ingle dots.
: In the prior art, the ~)64767 problems of quantative and qualitative ab~orption are usually cau~ed by uncontrolled, most frequently excessive application of ink to the paper web. Under ordinary circumstances, much too much ink is applied in form of a continuous film of ink.
It ii3~ then, necessary to sub3tantially reduce -the amount of ink-paste ~hich is being applied. ~his, however, i2 no-t 90 ea~i~y carried out since the requisite minimvm of ink cannot be obtained by mechanical control of the printing apparatus itself. It is no-t possible therefore to reduce the quantity of ink by merely changing the pattern of the screen, the -type of doctor blade7 the doctor blade angle, or the like; if thi~
i9 done, insufficient ink is applied in certain location~ and prohlems of application of any ink in selec-ted zones will occur.
The film of ink will be complete, and may even be excessive in some zone3 while, at other zones, it i~ in~ufficient or may not print at all. Thus, the ink pattern on the paper it2elf may already be defective.
In accordance with the -teaching2 of the present invention, the ~i~m of ink being applied is not a closed film ~ at all; rather, the necessary small quantity o~ ink being applied ~` i9 selected and controlled b~ considering the flow propertie~, or flow-deformat~on properties of -the ink, as well as angle of doctor blade~ and type of doctor blade, but, then in addi-tion i ~ thereto to print only the pattern of the 2tencil itsel~; in o-ther words, it is the screen pattern of the screen stencil which is printed, in accordance with the particular coverage pattern de~ired -to be transferred to the ~aper. ~hu~, the actual application of ink to the paper will be in form of adjacent dot~, in accordance with the raster as determined by the screen ~tencil.
In accordance with the prior ar-t, it is cu~-tomary to print closed zones of films of ink on paper or-fabri.c ~lthough ~7--printing in dot patterns in known, eventually, a closed film or surface of ink has been applied; the dot pattern was however speci~ically arranged in accordance with the pattern itself. Rather than printing a closed film of ink, applying a dot pattern on the paper transer web has substantial advan-tages in rotary screen processes. It is to be noted that printing in accordance with the matrix pattern is not known.
The pattern to be printed is thus provided in single dots of ink. The surface of the paper adjacent these dots thus provides a reserve for ink absorption. Quantitative absorption problems thus are solved. Smear of the first ink into a subsequently colored ink is not a problem anymore since the inked surface is broken up into single points or dots or ink, based on stencil and formation, and occurs only in the zone or region of one of the dots themselves. Any remaining smears ~ at interfaces will be so small that 1hey can be neglected due ; to the minute extent of the smear itself. The absorption capa-bility of the specific paper is thus exhausted only after three or four subsequent applications of ink are made to the paper;
in conventional printing, that is, in printing in accordance with the prior art when a closed continuous filament of ink is printed, first application of ink usually already completely exhausted the absorption capability of this paper substrate.
Since all the ink applied to the paper substrate can be absorbed, there will be no more transfer of ink already applied to the paper to a subsequent screen stencil. No free or floating portion of ink will remain on the surface since each application is in a dot only. Thus, there will be no running in of one color into the other. The dimensional or geometric sta-bility of the ink on the paper is enhanced.
The total quantity of ink being used is subs-tantially less than before and thus the drying time in drying , .~,' .
1S~6~767 requirements are substantially reduced. Buckling of paper upon drying is thu~
3L06476';9 : effectively avoided, since the printed ink dots, in general, are usually surrounded at least at some point~ by unprinted paper, ~ he quality of the pattern being printed, directly, and upon transfer is much better than heretofore, that i9, when continuous closed films of ink were printed, since the.ink itself"
is usually located only at the outer surface of the paper web~
and does not penetrate clear through the paper web. Structural differences within the interior of the paper web thus have little or no influence on the absorption of ink. Since the ink is generally locatea at the outer portion of the cross-sectional area ~, of the paper9 transfer o~ the i-nk to the textile fabric, which i~
to be ..patterned upon hea-ting can be easily accomplished since it i9 not necessary that the ink must pass in gaseous phase, through the entire cross-section o~ the paper ~eb.
Requirements on paper,quality can be reduced since the uniformity of the paper throughout it; cross-section is no longer a serious problem. Thus, cheaper paper can be used for the proce 9S . . . [
~he process in accordance with the present invention i~ -applicable not only to paper web but also the webs of other materials which may include plastics, or plastic-coated paper or otherwise coated webs o~ fle~ible material on which printing ,:
can be carried out.
.~he process i~ part1cularly applicable for the, dry tran~er process of printing; it can be used, generally~ ,,t,o,, apply ink in a pattern on a paper sheet or,web for any use, for example to print wallpaper or the like.
~he invention will be described by ~.way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein the ~igure is a highly ~chematic cros~-sectional view through a screen ~tencil and a paper web having dots of ink printed thereon.
_g _ ~L0~4767 Paper web or sub~trate 10 has dots of ink 11 applied there-to by a ~creen stencil, i.e. as shown in -the ~igure a rotary screen stencil 12. ~he ink 13 fed to the inner side of the screen stencil 12 i~ pressed through interstices 14 by a squegee or doctor blade 15 on to the substrate 10. Not the whole ink corre~ponding to the volume o~ one interstice 1~ is deposited on to the substrate 10, but only a part thereof.. ~his i9 schematically shown in 16 and 17 by a separation ~rocess, whereby a part 18 of the ink remains in the interstices.
~he dots ll of ink deposited on the surface of the substrate 10 will "~ink" into the substrate. ~he ~Isinking~
depth h is small and the i~k remain~ partly on the surface of the substrate in wet condition.
~ ow, printing of further dots of another ink in the next ¦-printing ~tation of the machine will re~ul~t in a considerabl~
smearing of the first i-nk wi-th the second ink, ~ince mo~t of the second dots are printed in the intervals between the first dots.
After the printing o~ dots is finished, the substrate is dried and is ready for use.
... ~ ' !
,
The present method relates to the first step of the dry transfer process, that is, to the step of printing on the paper substrate; it relates, generally, to printing on paper, in which ink is to be absorbed.
Designs orpatterns are frequentlyprintedon paperas a method stepin providing designs orpatterns on textile material. In dry transfer printing, several types of known ; coloring materials are used in order to print, or dyej patterns on textiIe fabrics which may be woven or knit, and made of acetate, polyesterj polyamide, polyacrylic, polyvinylchloride, polyurethane, or other similar man-made fibers. ~ispersion dyes or inks or colors are particularly used in such dyeing or patter-ning. Some inks or dyes customarily used have the property to sub-limate at a temperature of about 150C or higher, that is, to change from fixed to gaseous phase without passing through a liquid phase. This characteristic of the dye is used in the dry transfer process. The pattern to be applied to the textile material, rather than being applied directly thereto is first printed on paper which is then continuously, or in steps, brought into contact with the textile material to which the pattern is to be applied. Heat and pressure is applied, so that the dye on the paper changes to gaseous phase and con-denses on the textile fibers and thereby also diffuses to the fibers. This transfer process, also referred to as dye transfer itself, is a portion of the entire patterning process. Printing on the paper and transfer from the major step of the dry transfer process. The paper and the textile substrate are brought to-gether usually in a suitable calendar, or under a pressure blade or apparatus in a continuously moving process; they may 10~476~ .
also be brought together in batch processes in stationary : presses. This method of applying designs may replace con~en-tional textile printing methods, such as flat or rotary screen printing or raised roller printing, in which the designs are directly applied to the textile substrate.
Beside these processes, a wet transfer process lS
:
, .. . . .
known in which dye~ also applied to paper are transferred to the fabric unaer influence of vapor, ty~ically hot water vàpor, or steam, so that the textile substrate is suitably patterned. ~hi~
process is mentioned onl.y for completeness of various textile patterni-ng processes; the present invention is not generally directed to the wet transfer Process, rather to the dry transfer ~rocess .
The dr~ transfer process has some advantages with re~pect to the conventional direct textile printing in that additional ~tep9 have to be carried out on the fabric in the latter proce~s.
~o fix the ink, or dye, in the direct printing process on the fabric it must be subjected to s-teamS to maintain the hand o~ the fabric, as well as render the material laundry and wash-safe, the printed fabric must be washed first. ~he dry transfer print process avoids the additional treatment steps of the fabric and thus is less expensive in its application, ~ he trans~er paper which is printed in the dry transfer process may have the dge or ink applied by various pr~nting processes, such a~ raised rotary printing, offset printing, flat b~d ~20~ print mg, rotary film printing or flexo-printing. ~he qualitatively bèst results are obtained ~n photogravure- and flexo-printing.
Paper pri-nted bg means o~ offset processes or flat film print~ng are not used to great extent in industrg; rotary screen printing applied to the paper is increasingly used due to the low price of -the te~tile sub~trate when completely pat-terned. Heretoforelhowever, rotary screen printing could not compare in quality with roller printing. Photogravure-printing produces excellent printed results;
rotary screen proce~se~, however, heretofore required compromises either with res-pect to price or quali-ty.
~eduction in quality of printing when using rotary screen printing proceese~ with respect to roller printing will be 1~64767 no-ticeable primarily in that in the photogravure-printing comparatively large uniform areas of a particular color could be printed to have absolutely uniform color distribution; when adjacent colored surfaces were printed of dif~erent color, or hue, the slight overlap which is required due to the e-ngraving of the rollers did not lead to smear, or diffusion of one color or ink into the other. The positioning or geometric main-tenance of the pattern being applied is excellent when using roller printing;
, tendency o~ the ink to flow to an adjacent zone, or to an adjacent zone o~ a different color is low. Transfer of i-nk from still wet ~aper, that is, from paper still wet with ink, into the i~k of the subsequent printing form is practically ex~luded.
With respect to quali-ty~ pho~o~ravure-printin~ thus has `` substantial advanta~es, one o~ which being that, ~rimaril~, dry paper is used for printing. All print applications are fir~t dried l;
in the drying chamber, associated with the particular printing pattern or form before it i~ printed on the second pattern, by the second color, or by covering ink. The second ink application may be by rotary screens, ~'or example~
The photogravure-printing process thus relates to a "wet-~' to-dry" printing method; rotary screen printing i9~ however, a ~` "wet-to-wet" prin~inig methoQ. ~he dif~erence i~ easi~y seen;screen printing~ and particularly rotary ~creen pri-nting, was first I developed ~or direct printing textile materials, which,~due to their excellent absorption of ink, are particularly suitable for a "wet-t~-wet" printing process. There was no nece 9 sity to con~truct drying chambers in combination with rotary screen printing machines.
`~ If, then, paper is to be patterned or printed with rotary screen printing machine3, in order to apply the dry transfer prin-ting process to tex-tiles, it would be desirable -to use the existing screen pri~ting machinery without incurring the expense of ~ubsequent construction o~ intermediate drying chambers, although 3' 11)647~;7 it would -theoretica~ly be possible to 90 reconstruct the rotary screen printing m~chines which are already in existence.
Some basic difficulties arise when using rotary screen printing machines to print on paper: if a predetermined quantity of ink is applied to the paper, in accordance with.pa-ttern, then the quantity of ink must be carefully metered to have an exact relation to the absorption capacity of the transfer pa~er A quantati~e absorption problem thus arises in that the quantity of ink which is available must be such that a closed film of ink can always be applied, 90 that the absorption capability of the paper is over-loaded with respect to the quantity of ink actually available; in other word~, the applied quantity of ir~ can be absorbed into the paper only in part, the rest remaining on the sur~ace. ~hus, the first oolor of ir~ may smear with respect to the second, since an unabsorbed film of ir~ floats on the surface of the paper web which mixes on the paper with the subsequent color of ink merging at the edge, or ~uperimposed thereon. ~his smearing and mixing process i9 additionally anhanced by the mechanical loading placed on the paper during the screen prin-ting, that is~ due to the compre~sion o~ the paper which had the first coating of ink applied at the next ~ubsequent screen printing stencil roller.
An additional diffioulty ari~es: the ink which is first printed on the stencil can penetrate into the ~creen openings o~
the next subsequent stencil, ~o that:a portion of the fir~t printing ink is transferred to and through the surface of the sub~eque~t patterning ~tencil. If~this occurs in one of the open portions o~
the screen vf the subsequent stencil, that is, in a region where the ~econd ink was to print, then there will be inter-mi~ture of the ink -.~rom the first printing into the interior of the stencil of the second color, to be there mixed with the ink o~ the second color, thu~ undesirably affecting the purity of the color, or hue, of the second ink.
106476~
~esides smear of the ink, suxfaces of paper on which ink is applied which is not absorbed within the paper are difficult to be printed on with subsequent patterns. The second color ink is apt to flow into the first colored ink;
this phenomena has been referred to as insufficient stability of the ink.
After a paper web has been printed with ink, it must be dried so tha-t -the paper can be rolled without smearing. If the pattern provides areas which are not printed, that is, the natural surface of the paper, then, upon drying, ; the unprinted portions of the paper are excessively heated and the intense drying heat, to vaporize the volatile portions of the ink, is substantial. The zones which have been printed can just barely give off their volatile contents while the un-printed surfaces are over-heated. This difference in moisture between the printed and unprinted portions of the paper needs :
to localize tension within the paper so that it buckles, or forms bubbles and bulges; upon subsequent transfer printing, - these bubbles or bulges cause problems.
The absorption problems so far discussed generally relate to the quantity of ink being applied; quali-tative difficulties also arise. Any surfaces to be inked must have a uniform depth of color, or hue; within a particular pattern areas of a particular color, adjacent zones must have the same hue and the unifirmity of application of color must be such that the naked eye cannot recognize any differences in color saturation of the printed surfaces.
The capability of absorption of ink by the paper is thus of substantial importance and the way and manner of the absorption of the ink must be controlled. In this type of rotary screen printing it is necessary that the film of ink applied to the paper sinks uniformly within the surface of the ~ 6~767 paper; the uniformity of absorption is determined by the paper it3elf. If the capability o~ ab~orption is uniform, then th~
ink will be accepted e~sentially uniform--with respect to the depth of penetration of the ink within the paper substrate.
The quantity of ink being applied of course also affects the absorption of the ink. If, for example, a quantity of ink is used which can saturate the paper through to the back surface thereof, then any non-uniformitie~ within the paper it~elf will have greater e~fect than with shallower penetration ~ince any differences in absorption within the paper will be effective on the ink throughout the entire tranæverse dimension of the paper rather than merely through a portion thereof.
It is an object of the present invention to pro~ide a pro¢es~, particularly adapted to the dry transfer process of printing pattern3 on paper which is inexpensive and which results in printed paper ~heets or webs of high quality.
According to the present invention, there i~ provided a method of applying patterned de~ upon a sub3trate9 compri-sing the steps of:
~ - providing a rotary screen stencil formed with openlng~
thexethrough, - placing said rotary screen stencil over a ~urface of ; said 3ubstrate, - placing a predetermined coverage pattern correspondi~g to pattern areas of design on the ~creen stencil at the obver3e side thereof with respect to the side of 3aid ~creen stencil facing said subs~rate, - applying a predetermined quantity of ink to ~aid rotary screen ste~cil, said ink being applied by taking into consideration the flow-de~ormation properties of said ink, - pressing by ~queegee means said ink through said ope-nings of ~aid rotary screen stencil onto the surface of the subs-trate, and, ~ -6-`
:~ ;
,, ~1 ~' :: ~ ` 1064767 - giving to ~aid ~queegee means a predetermined angle 0~ inclinat~on in order to transfer the necessary amount o~ ink from the rotary screen stencil onto the substrate in form of ~ingle dots.
: In the prior art, the ~)64767 problems of quantative and qualitative ab~orption are usually cau~ed by uncontrolled, most frequently excessive application of ink to the paper web. Under ordinary circumstances, much too much ink is applied in form of a continuous film of ink.
It ii3~ then, necessary to sub3tantially reduce -the amount of ink-paste ~hich is being applied. ~his, however, i2 no-t 90 ea~i~y carried out since the requisite minimvm of ink cannot be obtained by mechanical control of the printing apparatus itself. It is no-t possible therefore to reduce the quantity of ink by merely changing the pattern of the screen, the -type of doctor blade7 the doctor blade angle, or the like; if thi~
i9 done, insufficient ink is applied in certain location~ and prohlems of application of any ink in selec-ted zones will occur.
The film of ink will be complete, and may even be excessive in some zone3 while, at other zones, it i~ in~ufficient or may not print at all. Thus, the ink pattern on the paper it2elf may already be defective.
In accordance with the -teaching2 of the present invention, the ~i~m of ink being applied is not a closed film ~ at all; rather, the necessary small quantity o~ ink being applied ~` i9 selected and controlled b~ considering the flow propertie~, or flow-deformat~on properties of -the ink, as well as angle of doctor blade~ and type of doctor blade, but, then in addi-tion i ~ thereto to print only the pattern of the 2tencil itsel~; in o-ther words, it is the screen pattern of the screen stencil which is printed, in accordance with the particular coverage pattern de~ired -to be transferred to the ~aper. ~hu~, the actual application of ink to the paper will be in form of adjacent dot~, in accordance with the raster as determined by the screen ~tencil.
In accordance with the prior ar-t, it is cu~-tomary to print closed zones of films of ink on paper or-fabri.c ~lthough ~7--printing in dot patterns in known, eventually, a closed film or surface of ink has been applied; the dot pattern was however speci~ically arranged in accordance with the pattern itself. Rather than printing a closed film of ink, applying a dot pattern on the paper transer web has substantial advan-tages in rotary screen processes. It is to be noted that printing in accordance with the matrix pattern is not known.
The pattern to be printed is thus provided in single dots of ink. The surface of the paper adjacent these dots thus provides a reserve for ink absorption. Quantitative absorption problems thus are solved. Smear of the first ink into a subsequently colored ink is not a problem anymore since the inked surface is broken up into single points or dots or ink, based on stencil and formation, and occurs only in the zone or region of one of the dots themselves. Any remaining smears ~ at interfaces will be so small that 1hey can be neglected due ; to the minute extent of the smear itself. The absorption capa-bility of the specific paper is thus exhausted only after three or four subsequent applications of ink are made to the paper;
in conventional printing, that is, in printing in accordance with the prior art when a closed continuous filament of ink is printed, first application of ink usually already completely exhausted the absorption capability of this paper substrate.
Since all the ink applied to the paper substrate can be absorbed, there will be no more transfer of ink already applied to the paper to a subsequent screen stencil. No free or floating portion of ink will remain on the surface since each application is in a dot only. Thus, there will be no running in of one color into the other. The dimensional or geometric sta-bility of the ink on the paper is enhanced.
The total quantity of ink being used is subs-tantially less than before and thus the drying time in drying , .~,' .
1S~6~767 requirements are substantially reduced. Buckling of paper upon drying is thu~
3L06476';9 : effectively avoided, since the printed ink dots, in general, are usually surrounded at least at some point~ by unprinted paper, ~ he quality of the pattern being printed, directly, and upon transfer is much better than heretofore, that i9, when continuous closed films of ink were printed, since the.ink itself"
is usually located only at the outer surface of the paper web~
and does not penetrate clear through the paper web. Structural differences within the interior of the paper web thus have little or no influence on the absorption of ink. Since the ink is generally locatea at the outer portion of the cross-sectional area ~, of the paper9 transfer o~ the i-nk to the textile fabric, which i~
to be ..patterned upon hea-ting can be easily accomplished since it i9 not necessary that the ink must pass in gaseous phase, through the entire cross-section o~ the paper ~eb.
Requirements on paper,quality can be reduced since the uniformity of the paper throughout it; cross-section is no longer a serious problem. Thus, cheaper paper can be used for the proce 9S . . . [
~he process in accordance with the present invention i~ -applicable not only to paper web but also the webs of other materials which may include plastics, or plastic-coated paper or otherwise coated webs o~ fle~ible material on which printing ,:
can be carried out.
.~he process i~ part1cularly applicable for the, dry tran~er process of printing; it can be used, generally~ ,,t,o,, apply ink in a pattern on a paper sheet or,web for any use, for example to print wallpaper or the like.
~he invention will be described by ~.way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein the ~igure is a highly ~chematic cros~-sectional view through a screen ~tencil and a paper web having dots of ink printed thereon.
_g _ ~L0~4767 Paper web or sub~trate 10 has dots of ink 11 applied there-to by a ~creen stencil, i.e. as shown in -the ~igure a rotary screen stencil 12. ~he ink 13 fed to the inner side of the screen stencil 12 i~ pressed through interstices 14 by a squegee or doctor blade 15 on to the substrate 10. Not the whole ink corre~ponding to the volume o~ one interstice 1~ is deposited on to the substrate 10, but only a part thereof.. ~his i9 schematically shown in 16 and 17 by a separation ~rocess, whereby a part 18 of the ink remains in the interstices.
~he dots ll of ink deposited on the surface of the substrate 10 will "~ink" into the substrate. ~he ~Isinking~
depth h is small and the i~k remain~ partly on the surface of the substrate in wet condition.
~ ow, printing of further dots of another ink in the next ¦-printing ~tation of the machine will re~ul~t in a considerabl~
smearing of the first i-nk wi-th the second ink, ~ince mo~t of the second dots are printed in the intervals between the first dots.
After the printing o~ dots is finished, the substrate is dried and is ready for use.
... ~ ' !
,
Claims (7)
1. Method of applying patterned designs upon a substrate, comprising the steps of:
providing a rotary screen stencil formed with openings therethrough, - placing said rotary screen stencil over a surface of said substrate, - placing a predetermined coverage pattern correspon-ding to pattern areas of design on the screen stencil at the obverse side thereof with respect to the side of said screen stencil facing said substrate;
- applying a predetermined quantity of ink to said rotary screen stencil, said ink being applied by taking into con-sideration the flow-deformation properties of said ink, - pressing by squeegee means said ink through said opening of said rotary screen stencil onto the surface of the substrate and, - giving to said squeegee means a predetermined angle of inclination in order to transfer the necessary amount of ink from the rotary screen stencil onto the substrate in form of single dots.
providing a rotary screen stencil formed with openings therethrough, - placing said rotary screen stencil over a surface of said substrate, - placing a predetermined coverage pattern correspon-ding to pattern areas of design on the screen stencil at the obverse side thereof with respect to the side of said screen stencil facing said substrate;
- applying a predetermined quantity of ink to said rotary screen stencil, said ink being applied by taking into con-sideration the flow-deformation properties of said ink, - pressing by squeegee means said ink through said opening of said rotary screen stencil onto the surface of the substrate and, - giving to said squeegee means a predetermined angle of inclination in order to transfer the necessary amount of ink from the rotary screen stencil onto the substrate in form of single dots.
2. Method of applying patterned designs upon paper surfaces by rotary screen stencil printing comprising the steps of providing a rotary screen stencil having a matrix pattern formed with openings therethrough separated by connecting bridges of the screen material, said openings being of uniform spacing and size throughout the screen, said connecting bridges being of uniform spacing and size throughout the screen and forming outer flat engagement surfaces at the side of the screen adapted upon printing to engage said paper surface throughout the areas of the 11 . ' engagement surfaces in contact with the paper to separate ink passing through the screen unto the paper into descrete ink dot areas;
placing a predetermined coverage pattern corresponding to pattern areas of design on the screen stencil at the obverse side thereof, with respect to said engagement surfaces;
applying ink to the stencil;
contacting the side of the stencil adjacent said sur-faces with the paper to engage the paper with said engagement surfaces;
and working ink through the openings of the stencil toward the paper in those areas where the coverage pattern forming pattern areas of the design exposes openings in the screen in a volume just sufficient to contact the paper, and leaving ink in the openings upon separation of the screen and the paper, to print the pattern areas of the design in uniform dot pattern of uniform dots, uniformly distributed with uniform gaps between the dots as a function of the contact of the engagement surfaces with the paper, and corresponding to the screen bridges in accordance with the matrix pattern of the screen.
placing a predetermined coverage pattern corresponding to pattern areas of design on the screen stencil at the obverse side thereof, with respect to said engagement surfaces;
applying ink to the stencil;
contacting the side of the stencil adjacent said sur-faces with the paper to engage the paper with said engagement surfaces;
and working ink through the openings of the stencil toward the paper in those areas where the coverage pattern forming pattern areas of the design exposes openings in the screen in a volume just sufficient to contact the paper, and leaving ink in the openings upon separation of the screen and the paper, to print the pattern areas of the design in uniform dot pattern of uniform dots, uniformly distributed with uniform gaps between the dots as a function of the contact of the engagement surfaces with the paper, and corresponding to the screen bridges in accordance with the matrix pattern of the screen.
3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the paper is absorbent, and the quantity of ink being applied through the ope-nings of the screen stencil, relative to the absorbency of the paper, is controlled to provide said spaced, adjacent separate dots of ink located adjacent each other
4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the paper is absorbent and the quantity of ink being applied through the ope-nings of the screen matrix, relative to the absorbency of the paper, is controlled to provide said spaced adjacent separate dots of ink located adjacent each other and wherein at least a portion of the ink of each dot is absorbed by the paper in the region beneath the printed dot to prevent flowing of the ink on the surface of the paper.
5. In a textile dry transfer printing process car-rying out the steps of preparing a printed transfer paper having a pattern design thereon and then dry transfer printing said pattern design unto a textile substrate, the method of printing said transfer paper comprising providing a rotary screen having a matrix pattern formed with openings therethrough separated by connecting bridges of the screen material, said openings being of uniform pacing and size throughout the screen, said connecting bridges being of uniform spacing and size throughout the screen and forming outer flat engagement surfaces at the side of the screen adapted, upon prin-ting, to engage said paper surface throughout the areas of the engagement surfaces in contact with the paper to separate ink passing through the screen unto the paper into discrete ink dot areas;
placing a predetermined coverage pattern corresponding to pattern areas of design on the screen stencil at the obverse side thereof, with respect to said engagement surfaces;
applying ink to the stencil;
contacting the side of the stencil adjacent said sur-faces with the paper to engage the paper with said engagement surfaces;
and working ink through the openings of the stencil toward the paper in those areas where the coverage pattern forming pattern areas of the design exposes openings in the screen in a volume just sufficient to contact the paper, and leaving ink in the openings upon separation of the screen and the paper, to print the pattern areas of the design in uniform dot pattern of uniform dots, uniformly distributed with uniform gaps between the dots as a function of the contact of the engagement surfaces with the paper, and corresponding to the screen bridges in accordance with the matrix pattern of the screen.
placing a predetermined coverage pattern corresponding to pattern areas of design on the screen stencil at the obverse side thereof, with respect to said engagement surfaces;
applying ink to the stencil;
contacting the side of the stencil adjacent said sur-faces with the paper to engage the paper with said engagement surfaces;
and working ink through the openings of the stencil toward the paper in those areas where the coverage pattern forming pattern areas of the design exposes openings in the screen in a volume just sufficient to contact the paper, and leaving ink in the openings upon separation of the screen and the paper, to print the pattern areas of the design in uniform dot pattern of uniform dots, uniformly distributed with uniform gaps between the dots as a function of the contact of the engagement surfaces with the paper, and corresponding to the screen bridges in accordance with the matrix pattern of the screen.
6. Transfer paper printing method according to claim 5, wherein the paper is absorbent and the quantity of ink being applied through the openings of the screen stencil, relative to the absorbency of the paper, is controlled to provide said space, adjacent separate dots of ink located adjacent each other.
7. Transfer paper printing method according to claim 5, wherein the paper is absorbent and the quantity of ink being applied through the openings of the screen matrix, relative to the absorbency of the paper, is controlled to provide said space, adjacent separate dots of ink located adjacent each other, and wherein at least a portion of the ink of each dot is absorbed by the paper in the region beneath the printed dots to prevent flowing of the ink on the surface of the paper.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1350074A CH583102A5 (en) | 1974-10-08 | 1974-10-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1064767A true CA1064767A (en) | 1979-10-23 |
Family
ID=4392970
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA237,209A Expired CA1064767A (en) | 1974-10-08 | 1975-10-07 | Method of applying pattern designs on paper webs particularly for dry transfer textile printing processes |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE834313A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7506480A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1064767A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH583102A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2543424A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES441389A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2287342A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1510835A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1043142B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7511833A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7511223L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA756262B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3720700C1 (en) * | 1987-06-23 | 1988-12-08 | Hannes Riebl | Process for producing a matt print on glossy surfaces |
| FR2677581A1 (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1992-12-18 | Thomson Csf | Silk screen printing anaglyphs |
| US6696101B2 (en) | 1994-08-08 | 2004-02-24 | Light And Sound Design Ltd. | Medium for a color changer |
| US5633061A (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 1997-05-27 | Light & Sound Design, Ltd. | Medium for a color changer |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2278771A (en) * | 1938-11-03 | 1942-04-07 | Csaszar Paul Joseph | Stencil for and process of printing |
| US3086873A (en) * | 1960-08-25 | 1963-04-23 | Alexander H Steinbrunner | Silk screen printing ink |
| DE1207405B (en) * | 1964-11-13 | 1965-12-23 | Alois Adam Jun | Device for printing flat material, in particular paper webs |
| GB1408272A (en) * | 1972-12-08 | 1975-10-01 | Ici Ltd | Transfer materials |
| FR2221505A1 (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1974-10-11 | Printon Australasia Pty Ltd | Printing pastes for transfer printing |
| CH759874A4 (en) * | 1973-10-18 | 1975-04-15 |
-
1974
- 1974-10-08 CH CH1350074A patent/CH583102A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1975
- 1975-09-29 DE DE19752543424 patent/DE2543424A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-09-30 ES ES441389A patent/ES441389A1/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-02 ZA ZA00756262A patent/ZA756262B/en unknown
- 1975-10-03 FR FR7530432A patent/FR2287342A1/en active Pending
- 1975-10-06 IT IT27986/75A patent/IT1043142B/en active
- 1975-10-06 BR BR7506480*A patent/BR7506480A/en unknown
- 1975-10-07 SE SE7511223A patent/SE7511223L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-10-07 CA CA237,209A patent/CA1064767A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-08 GB GB41304/75A patent/GB1510835A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-08 BE BE160786A patent/BE834313A/en unknown
- 1975-10-08 NL NL7511833A patent/NL7511833A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1510835A (en) | 1978-05-17 |
| CH583102A5 (en) | 1976-12-31 |
| ES441389A1 (en) | 1977-07-01 |
| SE7511223L (en) | 1976-04-09 |
| DE2543424A1 (en) | 1976-04-22 |
| FR2287342A1 (en) | 1976-05-07 |
| ZA756262B (en) | 1976-09-29 |
| NL7511833A (en) | 1976-04-12 |
| IT1043142B (en) | 1980-02-20 |
| BR7506480A (en) | 1976-08-17 |
| BE834313A (en) | 1976-02-02 |
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