CA1064675A - Continuous casting of molten metal - Google Patents
Continuous casting of molten metalInfo
- Publication number
- CA1064675A CA1064675A CA256,594A CA256594A CA1064675A CA 1064675 A CA1064675 A CA 1064675A CA 256594 A CA256594 A CA 256594A CA 1064675 A CA1064675 A CA 1064675A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- tubular structure
- molten metal
- tundish
- heat insulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
In continuous casting, a protective tube is located about the stream of molten metal between ladle and tundish.
At least the inside of the tube is made of a refractory heat insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity. The tube extends down into the tundish at least to the molten metal surface.
In continuous casting, a protective tube is located about the stream of molten metal between ladle and tundish.
At least the inside of the tube is made of a refractory heat insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity. The tube extends down into the tundish at least to the molten metal surface.
Description
~3~7~
.
This invention relates to continuous casting of molten metal.
In recent years continuous casting techniques have been widely adapted for the large scale production of billets, ~`
blooms and slabs of steel and aluminium. In continuous casting molten metal is passed from a ladle into an intermediate ves- -~
sel (normally called a tundish) which serves to maintain a constant head of molten metal, and molten metal flows out from the base of the tundish through one or more nozzles into a continuous casting mould. A strand of metal is with-drawn from the base of the casting mould of which at least the outer walls are solid, and this strand is subsequently cut to billets, blooms or slabs.
The quality of the cast metal can be adversely affected by oxide and other non-metallic inclusions which may be entrained if the molten metal originating from the furnace or converter is not handled carefully. General principles of careful handling have been widely developed and these include ^~
taking care that the metal is not subject to excessive ~i turbulence nor exposed to atmospheric oxidation more than is , unavoidable.
A number of proposals have been suggested in which ~-the stream of molten metal flowing from the base of the ladle is surrounded by a pouring tube. Known proposals of this ~
type are complex in terms of plant and require considerable ~-capital investment. In many cases, the improvement in cast metal quality is not commensurate with the outlay involved.
According to the present invention, in one aspect, there is provided a method of continuous casting in which molten metal is transerred from a ladle to an intermediate vessel ;-and from the intermediate vessel to a casting mould, which method comprises transferring the molten metal as a stream from the ladle to the intermediate vessel and locating about ;~
the molten metal stream between the ladle and the intermediate ~^
vessel a protective tube or tubular structure formed, at least in its interior, of a refractory heat-insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity, and of a composition .. :
comprising at least one type of fibre selecked from organic and inor~anic fibres, particulate refractory material and a binder, the tube or tubular structure being positioned 50 that the stream passes through it from its upper end and the lower end thereof extends at least to the surface of the molten metal in the intermediate vessel.
In another aspect, the present invention resides in an assembly for use in the above-defined method, which assembly comprises a tundish and mounted on the tundish with its axis ~ertical and extending down into the interior of the tundish a protective tube or tubular structure formed, at least in its interior, of a refractory heat-insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity and of a composition comprising at least one type of fibre selected from organic and inorganic fibres, particulate refractory material and a binder.~
The protective tube may be of any convenient shape e.g. of s~uare or circular cross-section. The tube may be of constant cross section or may taper being narrower at its base than at its top. The tube may be cylindrical and made in one piece, but is preferably of square cross-section and made of a plurality of slabs of refractory heat insula-ting material. For example, the tube may comprise four rec~
tangular slabs arranged to form a tube of rectangular con~
stant cross-section, or four trapezoidal slabs may be arranged to form a tube of rectangular cross-section which tapers in-wardly from its top to its base.
The tube may ~e self-supporting or it may be supported by a suitable casing. As noted above, at least the interior of the protective tube is formed of refractory heat insula-ting material of low density and low thermal conductivity.
The whole of the tube may be formed of such material, or the e~terior of the tube may be made of other material, for example a metal or a refractory or ceramic outer layer. Such re- -fractory or ceramic material need not have the low density and thermal conductivity requisite for the interior of the tube.
"' ','''' "I ,''"' ~' ' ' " '' ' '' 't"' ' ,' ', , ' ". ,~ ' " ', ' . ' .' ' . ~' 'i''',. ', .', ' "
.'' ; ' 7~
, The size of the tube may vary widely; the tube may fit closely around the stream o~ molten metal emerging from the base of the ladle, and indeed may in use be filled by that stream of molten metal. Alternatively, the walls of the tube may be wholly out of contact with the stream of molten metal. The walls of the tube may be as far apart as the ~-walls of the tundish; for example, the tube may consist of two sections each being an extension of the tundish wall and two sections extending across the tundish, the four sections defining a large rectangular section tube. Two of the walls of such a tube may if desired be integral with ; expendable lining slabs positioned in the interior of the tundish to protect the refractory brick lining thereof.
If desired, a plurality of injection apertures may be located in the wall of the tube in order to allow the introduction into the cavity of the tube of an inert protec- ;
tive gas such as argon. -The interior of the tube lS made, as noted above, of a refractory heat insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity. Such a material may have a composition comprising organic and/or inorganic fibres (preferably both types of fibres), particulate refractory material and a binder, and such compositions are known in the field of foundry and steelworks refractories.
Organic fibres which may be used in such compositions ;~ include cellulosic fibres such as paper pulp and inorganic fibres which may be used include aluminosilicate fibre, ealcium silicate fibre and asbestos. Particulate refrac-tory materials which may;be used include silica, magnesite, alumina and aluminosilicates such as grog or chamotte, magnesium silicates such as olivine and carbonaceous re- -fractory materials such as crushed coke. The composition may be bonded to shape by means of a binding agent, for example an organic binding agent such as phenylformaldehyde or urea formaldehyde resin or starches, or an inorganic binding agent may be used such as an alkali metal silicate or a colIoidal oxide hydrosol. Preferred proportions for the : . : ' .
' ' ~ . .. ~
,. , : ~
: ' . . :
i'7~ -ingredients of the composition constituting the interior of the tube are by weight:
organic and/or inorganic fibre 2 - 15~
particulate refractory material 75 - 97%
binder 1 - 10~
Preferably the density of the material of the~tube is less than 1.5 gms/cc and its thermal conductivity is preferably less than 0.0007 cals/cm /cm/sec/C.
Any convenient means may be employed to hold the tube in position. As noted above, the base of the tube should extend at least to the surface of the molten metal in the tundish and it may extend slightly below that level.
References in this connection are to the normal level of molten metal in the tundish during the contin~ous casting process, and not to the level of metal as it rises when continuous casting is commenced and falls at the end of a cast.
The tube may be supported by a suitable frame or the like resting on the upper edge of the tundish or, if the tundish has a roof, on that roof. The means for -~
holding the tube in posltion may enable the~vertical posi~
tion of the tube to be adjusted; For example if the tube is of constant cross-section, a plurality of vertically spaced clips may be provided enabling the tube to be held on à fixed frame at various heights.
In the case that the tube is of rectangular cross-section, it is sometimes preferred to position the tube with the diagonals of the rectangular cross-section running substantially parallel to a side of the tundish. This facilitates access to the individual components of the ;
assembly. ;
The invention is described by way of Example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a section through an assembly of a ladle, tundish and protective tube;
Figure 2 is a section through an alternative assembly taken at right angles to the section of Figure l;
.:,- :;:., . ~ . . .. : . :
,. . . . . . . .. . .
, , . .. -, , . , :' ''- ,,.. , -:". :
: . . : ~ ~ , .;. . ., I .. ...
;~a~ 7~ ~
, Figure 3 is a section in a plane similar to that of Figure 1 through an alternative arrangement of a ladle, tube and tundishl and Figure 4 is a plan view of the tube and tundish assembly of Figure 3.
Referring to Figure l, a ladle 1 has a nozzle 2 set in its base from which a stream of molten metal 3 emerges.
Located below ladle l is a tundish 4 consisting of an outer metal casing 5, a refractory brick lining 6 and an inner expendable lining 13 consisting of a plurality of slabs of refractory heat insulating material. Set in the base of the tundish are nozzles 7 through which molten metal flows to-wards continuous casting moulds (not shown) located below the tundish 4.
Once steady state casting conditions have been reached, molten metal is present in the tundish to a level 8 and the top of the molten metal is covered by a layer of , heat insulating powder 9~
In accordance with the present invention, a tube of refractory heat insulating material~of low density and low thermal capacity 10 is seated in a metal frame ll which is secured to the upper edges of the tundish 4. As is evi-dent from Figure l, tube 10 surrounds the stream of molten metal 3 emerging from the base of the ladle and projects into the molten metal in the tundish by a short distance.
The arrangement shown in Figure 2 is similar to that shown in Figure l and like reference numerals denote like parts. However, in Figure 2, the protective tube is ~ , formed by a pair of slabs 14 of refractory heat insulating 30 ~ material on the side walls of the tundish and a pair of -transverse slabs tnot shown) which extend across the tundish and mate with the side edges of slabs 14 to form the pro-tective tube.
Figure 3 shows a view similar to Figure 1 but the tube in this case is made up from duplex slabs consisting ;
of an outer layer of refractory composition 15 and an inner ~`~
layer l6 of heat insulating refractory material of low den-:, , i., . . , ~
i: , ,,, : - , ~.
. ,, , ~ .. -,. . . . .
7~
.
sity and low thermal capaclty.
Figure 4 shows the arrangement of Figure 3 from above from which it is evident that the rectangular frame supporting the Duplex slabs is set with its diagonals sub-stantially parallel to and transversely of the length ofthe tundish.
The use of an arrangement according to the present invention gives rise to a variety of advantages compared with previously known arrangements. First of all, it is found that there is a considerable reduction in molten metal splash, particularly during the start up of continuous -casting, i.e. as the tundish is filled for the first time.
Because the interior of the tube is formed of a highly heat~insulating material of low density, any splashes - 15 of metal do not stick and solidify on the walls of the tube but fall back into the tundish. There is accordingly no build up of metal skull on the interior of the tube, par-ticularly at its top. Skull build up in this area is a - particular disadvantage of certain known constructions using pouring tubes below ladles.
It is found that the use of the protective tube according to the present invention substantially reduces the turbulence of the molten metal :Ln the pouring zone, which is of value in reducing the erosive effects of the molten metal on the linings of the tundish in this area, parti-cularly on any expendable inner lining used, such as the - inner lining 13 as shown in Figure 1.
Since the protective tube according to the present in~ention extends to the surface of the molten metal in the tundish, once steady state conditions have been achieved, the protective tube prevents any insulating,material placed on top of the molten metal in the tundish, for example the ins~lating powder 9 as shown in Figure 1, from becoming en-trained in the molten metal. As well as preventing such en-trainment, the general reduction in turbulence and the phy~sical separation of the insulating cover from the point of impingement of the molten metal stream on the molten metal ' .~"., . , . . , , ., ~ . . ........................... .
.. .. ., . :, , ,:~ ., ' , ~ . ,; , ;
,: , : . . , ., in the tundish stop the efficiency of the cover being reduced following disturbences. In particular, there is a tendency ~or covers to sinter slightly and crack if the molten metal surface is disturbed which is much reduced using the protec-tive tube according to the present invention. This is re-duced both because of the lack of turbulence just noted and because the protective tube reduces the amount of radiant heat impinging on the surface protection layer.
The arrangement according to the present invention gives satis~actory access to the nozzle of the ladle, for example for lancing the nozzle to clean it. Such lancing can be carried out without the necessity of moving the ladle.
In addition, the presence of the protective tube considerably reduces the amount of heat radiated to the surroundings by the stream of molten metal which not only improves working conditions and safety for personnel but also reduces heat loss and accordingly the degree of super-heat to which the molten metal in the ladle must be raised prior to casting.
The arrangement according to the present invention is simple, light and easy to assemble prior to casting and to handle during and after casting. The assembly of the tube and its associated support and positioning means can be fabricated away from the tundish and simply placed on the tundish prior to casting commencing. Considerable handling advantages over the complex systems previously proposed are accordingly achieved.
In addition, the protective tube can be made from easily manufactured sections of refractory heat insulating materials ~
sufficiently inexpensively to enable the tube to be expendable, ~-i.e. it is discarded at the end of a casting cycle and a fresh tube used for the next cycle, in a fashion analogous to the use of the expendable lining 13 described above. -,; . -- ,, ,, . ,,, , . , - . , - . ... . . i ~, : . - , -",: . ' .. . ,; . . - ~
' ' ' ' , ,''' ' ' ' , ,, . : , , ,,, ' . ~: , " ' ' . ' '~ ' . '
.
This invention relates to continuous casting of molten metal.
In recent years continuous casting techniques have been widely adapted for the large scale production of billets, ~`
blooms and slabs of steel and aluminium. In continuous casting molten metal is passed from a ladle into an intermediate ves- -~
sel (normally called a tundish) which serves to maintain a constant head of molten metal, and molten metal flows out from the base of the tundish through one or more nozzles into a continuous casting mould. A strand of metal is with-drawn from the base of the casting mould of which at least the outer walls are solid, and this strand is subsequently cut to billets, blooms or slabs.
The quality of the cast metal can be adversely affected by oxide and other non-metallic inclusions which may be entrained if the molten metal originating from the furnace or converter is not handled carefully. General principles of careful handling have been widely developed and these include ^~
taking care that the metal is not subject to excessive ~i turbulence nor exposed to atmospheric oxidation more than is , unavoidable.
A number of proposals have been suggested in which ~-the stream of molten metal flowing from the base of the ladle is surrounded by a pouring tube. Known proposals of this ~
type are complex in terms of plant and require considerable ~-capital investment. In many cases, the improvement in cast metal quality is not commensurate with the outlay involved.
According to the present invention, in one aspect, there is provided a method of continuous casting in which molten metal is transerred from a ladle to an intermediate vessel ;-and from the intermediate vessel to a casting mould, which method comprises transferring the molten metal as a stream from the ladle to the intermediate vessel and locating about ;~
the molten metal stream between the ladle and the intermediate ~^
vessel a protective tube or tubular structure formed, at least in its interior, of a refractory heat-insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity, and of a composition .. :
comprising at least one type of fibre selecked from organic and inor~anic fibres, particulate refractory material and a binder, the tube or tubular structure being positioned 50 that the stream passes through it from its upper end and the lower end thereof extends at least to the surface of the molten metal in the intermediate vessel.
In another aspect, the present invention resides in an assembly for use in the above-defined method, which assembly comprises a tundish and mounted on the tundish with its axis ~ertical and extending down into the interior of the tundish a protective tube or tubular structure formed, at least in its interior, of a refractory heat-insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity and of a composition comprising at least one type of fibre selected from organic and inorganic fibres, particulate refractory material and a binder.~
The protective tube may be of any convenient shape e.g. of s~uare or circular cross-section. The tube may be of constant cross section or may taper being narrower at its base than at its top. The tube may be cylindrical and made in one piece, but is preferably of square cross-section and made of a plurality of slabs of refractory heat insula-ting material. For example, the tube may comprise four rec~
tangular slabs arranged to form a tube of rectangular con~
stant cross-section, or four trapezoidal slabs may be arranged to form a tube of rectangular cross-section which tapers in-wardly from its top to its base.
The tube may ~e self-supporting or it may be supported by a suitable casing. As noted above, at least the interior of the protective tube is formed of refractory heat insula-ting material of low density and low thermal conductivity.
The whole of the tube may be formed of such material, or the e~terior of the tube may be made of other material, for example a metal or a refractory or ceramic outer layer. Such re- -fractory or ceramic material need not have the low density and thermal conductivity requisite for the interior of the tube.
"' ','''' "I ,''"' ~' ' ' " '' ' '' 't"' ' ,' ', , ' ". ,~ ' " ', ' . ' .' ' . ~' 'i''',. ', .', ' "
.'' ; ' 7~
, The size of the tube may vary widely; the tube may fit closely around the stream o~ molten metal emerging from the base of the ladle, and indeed may in use be filled by that stream of molten metal. Alternatively, the walls of the tube may be wholly out of contact with the stream of molten metal. The walls of the tube may be as far apart as the ~-walls of the tundish; for example, the tube may consist of two sections each being an extension of the tundish wall and two sections extending across the tundish, the four sections defining a large rectangular section tube. Two of the walls of such a tube may if desired be integral with ; expendable lining slabs positioned in the interior of the tundish to protect the refractory brick lining thereof.
If desired, a plurality of injection apertures may be located in the wall of the tube in order to allow the introduction into the cavity of the tube of an inert protec- ;
tive gas such as argon. -The interior of the tube lS made, as noted above, of a refractory heat insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity. Such a material may have a composition comprising organic and/or inorganic fibres (preferably both types of fibres), particulate refractory material and a binder, and such compositions are known in the field of foundry and steelworks refractories.
Organic fibres which may be used in such compositions ;~ include cellulosic fibres such as paper pulp and inorganic fibres which may be used include aluminosilicate fibre, ealcium silicate fibre and asbestos. Particulate refrac-tory materials which may;be used include silica, magnesite, alumina and aluminosilicates such as grog or chamotte, magnesium silicates such as olivine and carbonaceous re- -fractory materials such as crushed coke. The composition may be bonded to shape by means of a binding agent, for example an organic binding agent such as phenylformaldehyde or urea formaldehyde resin or starches, or an inorganic binding agent may be used such as an alkali metal silicate or a colIoidal oxide hydrosol. Preferred proportions for the : . : ' .
' ' ~ . .. ~
,. , : ~
: ' . . :
i'7~ -ingredients of the composition constituting the interior of the tube are by weight:
organic and/or inorganic fibre 2 - 15~
particulate refractory material 75 - 97%
binder 1 - 10~
Preferably the density of the material of the~tube is less than 1.5 gms/cc and its thermal conductivity is preferably less than 0.0007 cals/cm /cm/sec/C.
Any convenient means may be employed to hold the tube in position. As noted above, the base of the tube should extend at least to the surface of the molten metal in the tundish and it may extend slightly below that level.
References in this connection are to the normal level of molten metal in the tundish during the contin~ous casting process, and not to the level of metal as it rises when continuous casting is commenced and falls at the end of a cast.
The tube may be supported by a suitable frame or the like resting on the upper edge of the tundish or, if the tundish has a roof, on that roof. The means for -~
holding the tube in posltion may enable the~vertical posi~
tion of the tube to be adjusted; For example if the tube is of constant cross-section, a plurality of vertically spaced clips may be provided enabling the tube to be held on à fixed frame at various heights.
In the case that the tube is of rectangular cross-section, it is sometimes preferred to position the tube with the diagonals of the rectangular cross-section running substantially parallel to a side of the tundish. This facilitates access to the individual components of the ;
assembly. ;
The invention is described by way of Example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a section through an assembly of a ladle, tundish and protective tube;
Figure 2 is a section through an alternative assembly taken at right angles to the section of Figure l;
.:,- :;:., . ~ . . .. : . :
,. . . . . . . .. . .
, , . .. -, , . , :' ''- ,,.. , -:". :
: . . : ~ ~ , .;. . ., I .. ...
;~a~ 7~ ~
, Figure 3 is a section in a plane similar to that of Figure 1 through an alternative arrangement of a ladle, tube and tundishl and Figure 4 is a plan view of the tube and tundish assembly of Figure 3.
Referring to Figure l, a ladle 1 has a nozzle 2 set in its base from which a stream of molten metal 3 emerges.
Located below ladle l is a tundish 4 consisting of an outer metal casing 5, a refractory brick lining 6 and an inner expendable lining 13 consisting of a plurality of slabs of refractory heat insulating material. Set in the base of the tundish are nozzles 7 through which molten metal flows to-wards continuous casting moulds (not shown) located below the tundish 4.
Once steady state casting conditions have been reached, molten metal is present in the tundish to a level 8 and the top of the molten metal is covered by a layer of , heat insulating powder 9~
In accordance with the present invention, a tube of refractory heat insulating material~of low density and low thermal capacity 10 is seated in a metal frame ll which is secured to the upper edges of the tundish 4. As is evi-dent from Figure l, tube 10 surrounds the stream of molten metal 3 emerging from the base of the ladle and projects into the molten metal in the tundish by a short distance.
The arrangement shown in Figure 2 is similar to that shown in Figure l and like reference numerals denote like parts. However, in Figure 2, the protective tube is ~ , formed by a pair of slabs 14 of refractory heat insulating 30 ~ material on the side walls of the tundish and a pair of -transverse slabs tnot shown) which extend across the tundish and mate with the side edges of slabs 14 to form the pro-tective tube.
Figure 3 shows a view similar to Figure 1 but the tube in this case is made up from duplex slabs consisting ;
of an outer layer of refractory composition 15 and an inner ~`~
layer l6 of heat insulating refractory material of low den-:, , i., . . , ~
i: , ,,, : - , ~.
. ,, , ~ .. -,. . . . .
7~
.
sity and low thermal capaclty.
Figure 4 shows the arrangement of Figure 3 from above from which it is evident that the rectangular frame supporting the Duplex slabs is set with its diagonals sub-stantially parallel to and transversely of the length ofthe tundish.
The use of an arrangement according to the present invention gives rise to a variety of advantages compared with previously known arrangements. First of all, it is found that there is a considerable reduction in molten metal splash, particularly during the start up of continuous -casting, i.e. as the tundish is filled for the first time.
Because the interior of the tube is formed of a highly heat~insulating material of low density, any splashes - 15 of metal do not stick and solidify on the walls of the tube but fall back into the tundish. There is accordingly no build up of metal skull on the interior of the tube, par-ticularly at its top. Skull build up in this area is a - particular disadvantage of certain known constructions using pouring tubes below ladles.
It is found that the use of the protective tube according to the present invention substantially reduces the turbulence of the molten metal :Ln the pouring zone, which is of value in reducing the erosive effects of the molten metal on the linings of the tundish in this area, parti-cularly on any expendable inner lining used, such as the - inner lining 13 as shown in Figure 1.
Since the protective tube according to the present in~ention extends to the surface of the molten metal in the tundish, once steady state conditions have been achieved, the protective tube prevents any insulating,material placed on top of the molten metal in the tundish, for example the ins~lating powder 9 as shown in Figure 1, from becoming en-trained in the molten metal. As well as preventing such en-trainment, the general reduction in turbulence and the phy~sical separation of the insulating cover from the point of impingement of the molten metal stream on the molten metal ' .~"., . , . . , , ., ~ . . ........................... .
.. .. ., . :, , ,:~ ., ' , ~ . ,; , ;
,: , : . . , ., in the tundish stop the efficiency of the cover being reduced following disturbences. In particular, there is a tendency ~or covers to sinter slightly and crack if the molten metal surface is disturbed which is much reduced using the protec-tive tube according to the present invention. This is re-duced both because of the lack of turbulence just noted and because the protective tube reduces the amount of radiant heat impinging on the surface protection layer.
The arrangement according to the present invention gives satis~actory access to the nozzle of the ladle, for example for lancing the nozzle to clean it. Such lancing can be carried out without the necessity of moving the ladle.
In addition, the presence of the protective tube considerably reduces the amount of heat radiated to the surroundings by the stream of molten metal which not only improves working conditions and safety for personnel but also reduces heat loss and accordingly the degree of super-heat to which the molten metal in the ladle must be raised prior to casting.
The arrangement according to the present invention is simple, light and easy to assemble prior to casting and to handle during and after casting. The assembly of the tube and its associated support and positioning means can be fabricated away from the tundish and simply placed on the tundish prior to casting commencing. Considerable handling advantages over the complex systems previously proposed are accordingly achieved.
In addition, the protective tube can be made from easily manufactured sections of refractory heat insulating materials ~
sufficiently inexpensively to enable the tube to be expendable, ~-i.e. it is discarded at the end of a casting cycle and a fresh tube used for the next cycle, in a fashion analogous to the use of the expendable lining 13 described above. -,; . -- ,, ,, . ,,, , . , - . , - . ... . . i ~, : . - , -",: . ' .. . ,; . . - ~
' ' ' ' , ,''' ' ' ' , ,, . : , , ,,, ' . ~: , " ' ' . ' '~ ' . '
Claims (13)
1. A method of continuous casting in which molten metal is transferred from a ladle to an intermediate vessel and from the intermediate vessel to a casting mould, which method comprises transferring the molten metal as a stream from the ladle to the intermediate vessel and locating about the molten metal stream between the ladle and the intermediate vessel a protective tube or tubular structure formed, at least in its interior, of a refractory heat insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity, and of a composition comprising at least one type of fibre selected from organic and inorganic fibres, particulate refractory material and a binder, the tube or tubular structure being positioned so that the stream passes through it from its upper to its lower end and the lower end thereof extends at least to the surface of the molten metal in the intermediate vessel.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the tube or tubular structure is supported on the intermediate vessel only.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the tube or tubular structure is of constant cross-section and is supported by a number of vertically spaced clips engaging with a support and which enable the vertical position of the tube or tubular structure to be adjusted.
4. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the whole of the tube or tubular structure is made of said refractory heat insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity.
5. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the tube or tubular structure is made of an inner layer of said refractory heat insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity and an outer layer of metal refractory or ceramic material.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the protective tubular structure is assembled from a plurality of slabs, each slab consisting wholly or partly of said refractory heat insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the tubular structure comprises four rectangular or trapezoidal slabs arranged to form a tube of rectangular cross-section.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the tubular structure is supported on the upper edge of the intermediate vessel by means of a support, with one diagonal of the rectangular cross-section of the tubular structure running substantially parallel to a side of the intermediate vessel.
9. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the tube or tubular structure extends below the surface of the molten metal in the vessel.
10. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein an inert gas is introduced into the interior of the tube or tubular structure.
11. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said refractory heat insulating material comprises, by weight:
at least one type of fibre selected from organic and inorganic fibres 2 - 15%
particulate refractory material 75 - 97%
binder 1 - 10%.
at least one type of fibre selected from organic and inorganic fibres 2 - 15%
particulate refractory material 75 - 97%
binder 1 - 10%.
12. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the density of the said refractory heat insulating material of the interior of the tube or tubular structure is less than 1.2 gms/cc and its thermal conductivity is less than 0.0007 cals/cm2/cm/sec/°C.
13. An assembly for use in a method as defined in claim 1, which assembly comprises a tundish and mounted on the tundish with its axis vertical and extending down into the interior of the tundish a protective tube or tubular structure formed, at least in its interior, of a refractory heat insulating material of low density and low thermal conductivity and of a composition comprising at least one type of fibre selected from organic and inorganic fibres, particulate refractory material and a binder.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB28917/75A GB1531011A (en) | 1975-07-09 | 1975-07-09 | Molten metal handling for continuous casting |
| GB3169475 | 1975-07-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1064675A true CA1064675A (en) | 1979-10-23 |
Family
ID=26259638
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA256,594A Expired CA1064675A (en) | 1975-07-09 | 1976-07-08 | Continuous casting of molten metal |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS529630A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR211864A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT346512B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7604478A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1064675A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH603278A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2630500C2 (en) |
| EG (1) | EG12317A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES449722A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2317034A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX147412A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7607681L (en) |
| TR (1) | TR19725A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20180043429A1 (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-02-15 | Ak Steel Properties, Inc. | Tundish funnel |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0042897B1 (en) * | 1980-07-02 | 1984-08-29 | Aikoh Co. Ltd. | Method of making the lining of a vessel for molten metal and lining so made |
| JP2613767B2 (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1997-05-28 | クニミネ工業株式会社 | Method for producing spherical clay base |
| JPH0268129A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1990-03-07 | Sintokogio Ltd | Production of consolidated spherical fine particle |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3395831A (en) * | 1967-03-24 | 1968-08-06 | Vesuvius Crucible Co | Molten metal handling apparatus and method of preparing for pouring molten metal |
| DE1583578A1 (en) * | 1967-07-06 | 1970-09-17 | Basf Ag | Method and device for protecting and flushing out molten metal in continuous casting plants |
| DE2165537A1 (en) * | 1971-12-30 | 1973-07-19 | Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk | METHOD FOR INCREASING THE DURABILITY AND ECONOMICS OF SPOUT OPENINGS ON VESSELS FOR RECEIVING LIQUID METAL |
| JPS536930B2 (en) * | 1973-02-28 | 1978-03-13 | ||
| DE2364977B2 (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1976-08-12 | LID WITH A PASTING OPENING FOR DISTRIBUTION DRUM IN CONTINUOUS CASTING PLANTS |
-
1976
- 1976-07-05 SE SE7607681A patent/SE7607681L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-07-07 EG EG41876A patent/EG12317A/en active
- 1976-07-07 DE DE19762630500 patent/DE2630500C2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-07 MX MX16541576A patent/MX147412A/en unknown
- 1976-07-07 AR AR26388676A patent/AR211864A1/en active
- 1976-07-08 CH CH880076A patent/CH603278A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-08 JP JP8184476A patent/JPS529630A/en active Pending
- 1976-07-08 CA CA256,594A patent/CA1064675A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-08 BR BR7604478A patent/BR7604478A/en unknown
- 1976-07-09 ES ES449722A patent/ES449722A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-09 AT AT504976A patent/AT346512B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-09 FR FR7621051A patent/FR2317034A1/en active Granted
- 1976-07-09 TR TR1972576A patent/TR19725A/en unknown
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20180043429A1 (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-02-15 | Ak Steel Properties, Inc. | Tundish funnel |
| CN109562447A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2019-04-02 | Ak钢铁产权公司 | Feed slot funnel |
| US11958107B2 (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2024-04-16 | Cleveland-Cliffs Steel Properties Inc. | Tundish funnel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH603278A5 (en) | 1978-08-15 |
| FR2317034A1 (en) | 1977-02-04 |
| DE2630500A1 (en) | 1977-01-27 |
| TR19725A (en) | 1979-11-23 |
| EG12317A (en) | 1978-12-31 |
| AR211864A1 (en) | 1978-03-31 |
| ES449722A1 (en) | 1977-08-01 |
| MX147412A (en) | 1982-12-02 |
| JPS529630A (en) | 1977-01-25 |
| SE7607681L (en) | 1977-01-10 |
| AT346512B (en) | 1978-11-10 |
| ATA504976A (en) | 1978-03-15 |
| DE2630500C2 (en) | 1982-06-16 |
| FR2317034B1 (en) | 1981-08-21 |
| BR7604478A (en) | 1977-07-26 |
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