CA1053918A - Pre-coated refuse-coal filter for landfill refuse treatment - Google Patents
Pre-coated refuse-coal filter for landfill refuse treatmentInfo
- Publication number
- CA1053918A CA1053918A CA311,053A CA311053A CA1053918A CA 1053918 A CA1053918 A CA 1053918A CA 311053 A CA311053 A CA 311053A CA 1053918 A CA1053918 A CA 1053918A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- refuse
- coal
- water
- sorptive
- landfill
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010879 coal refuse Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000149 chemical water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOACKFBJUYNSLK-XRKIENNPSA-N Estradiol Cypionate Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H](C4=CC=C(O)C=C4CC3)CC[C@@]21C)C(=O)CCC1CCCC1 UOACKFBJUYNSLK-XRKIENNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000721 bacterilogical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JLQUFIHWVLZVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbosulfan Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)SN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=C1OC(C)(C)C2 JLQUFIHWVLZVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 lut ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/04—Aerobic processes using trickle filters
- C02F3/046—Soil filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention concerns a method of preparing landfill refuse and pulverized treated sorptive-coal materials to serve as a coal-refuse pre-coat filter for use in inhibiting the production of refuse pollutants at the water-refuse interface, of the fill refuse of landfill refuse dumps, and the provision of tertiary treatment to the leachate waters therein.
The present invention concerns a method of preparing landfill refuse and pulverized treated sorptive-coal materials to serve as a coal-refuse pre-coat filter for use in inhibiting the production of refuse pollutants at the water-refuse interface, of the fill refuse of landfill refuse dumps, and the provision of tertiary treatment to the leachate waters therein.
Description
This invention relates in general to landfi.ll oper~
ations and in Particular to a process for the pre- treat-ment of landfill refuse to make of it an artificial carbon pre-coat filter for the treatment of landfill leachate~.
The invention relates in par~ to Canadlan Patent App-lication No" 2~8,327 filed ~arch 19, 1976 :~or "COA~rB1~3E
L~NDFILL, LEI~CHATE TRE~TMENT"
Leachate from solid waste fills is rapidly gaining rec~
ognition as an ever increasing threat ~o groundwater purity;
groundwater i8 the baQic water source for many millions of Canadians. Leachate9 mainly consi3tlng o~ rain and the contamination it soaks up as it percolates through the refuse fill, contains about as much BOD tbiological oxygen demand) as the nation's entire discharge of untreated raw 9 ewage.
Since leachate treatment i9 in itfi infancy, there is a dearth o~ long term experience, wi~h qUantitieB generated, analyse~, effect of residence time, or optimum treatment methods- .
Leach~te-landf.ill water sources are a mixture of waters from many sources some of w~lich vary in contribution rate with the time of ~he year, date or activity at the site. The surface water~ originate roms : (a) surrounding lands ad~acent ~o the site~
(b) surface~flow of landfill sur~ace due to precipit : : ation, : ~ tc) water per~olation~ that pa~s through the re~us~
: from above due to dredging or tank truck di chaxgss, ~d) water liberation~ to the upper sur~ace o~ a possible p~at ba~e on which the landfill is buil~, due to the~:
,", ~ ~ '' ~' '."
~()S39~ :
consolldation of th~ peat and may thu~ ha~re passed upwards through the lower portion of refuse, ~e~ water infiltration through a river dyke and onto the s ite durin~
( i ) h igh t id e, (ii) hiS~h stages in the river,, (f) water liherations during compres~ion of the refuse or during it~ decompo~ition, (g) sprinkling of fill to prevent or e~ctinguish ~ires~
Thus~ flows and quality of surface waters have thQ
potential to vary hourly9 daily, weekly and seasonally in many ways around the site.
To determine water quality data the following three types of water quality investigations are conduc~ad on the surface water~ ~ :
~(a) chemical analy3is of ~aters, (b) bacteriological counts:o~ ditch waters and sediment~, (c) bioa~0ay of waters ~lowing directly from the ~ite , to a water carriage 8yst~
It may be ~een, there~ore, tha~ the most ~ignificant factors cau~ing the extreme deyradation of wa~er quality i~suing ~rom landfill sites are~
(a~3 percolation af waters through the re~uss, ) heterogeneity o~ the ref~e and resulting leachate~
re-rout~ng and/or stagna~ion of both waters and ediment~ ~due~ to~ ditch cutting or filling~
: ~ . .
(d) the breakdown~of organic matter in the refu~ with the production~of ammonia. ~ ~ ;
: ~ :
:' ~, : ~ ~ ; . ' ' .
.
~L053~
~ s was aforementioned, leachate from solid waste fills is an ~ver increasing threat to ~roundwater purity and the treatments provided still suffers from the disadvantaqe that in spite of the best technical ~dviee presently avail-able to landfill operators, the degradati.on of groundwater purity by leachates continues unabated.
It is known that the production of landfill leachates occurs as a r~sult of the inter-ac~ion of percolating waters with the refuse in the landfill, at the water refuse inter-face thereof. It will b~ evident~therefore7 that this water-refu3e inter~ace i6 the point of origin of leachate po;ll-utants.
I have found that the aforementioned disadvantacJes pres~
ently associated with the treatment of landfill refuse .
and the leachates issuing therefrom, may be overcome in a manner which iB simple,practical and economical~ by the method of the present inv~ntion.
.
It is a prime objective of the 1nvention~ therefore, o~ ~reating the heterogeneous re~use~mixture,in place within ~he re~use-landfill,by the provision therein of an arti~icial pre-coat fllter formed ~rom the fill re~use and an improved ~in~l~ pulverized sorptive-coal treatment medium~ whereby conditions avourable for inhibiting the davelopment o~ leachate pollutants and providing a high degree of t~rtiary treatment of such pollutant~ at their potential source o~ origin, ~t the aforesaid water-rafuse interface is provided~
Other ob~ectives ~rili becom~ apparent to those skilled in the art f rom the descript ion herein and f rom the app-endent claims~ an~ such objects are intended to fallwithin the:scope of my inventionO
- 3 ::
, ~ -:
:
, ~ , .
~6~53~8 For the purpose of this invention the term filter pre~coat shall mean the coating, lodgment, gathering, adherence, catchment or envelopmQnt by or oE the refuse in the fill, by the sorptive Powdered coal in ei~her dust or as a Powdered coal-in-water ~lurry, w~len applied as a filter media coating to the refuse fill upon or within the exterior or interior surI'ace areas of the refuse and used therewith or therein to serve the Eunction of a pre-coat filter in the treatment~ fixationJ containment or removal of refuse pollutants by various filtration and sorptive processe~ prevent the degradation of de-gradable substanceQ or materials in the refuse~ or treat, correct, remove or alter the status of the refuse in a beneficial manner in whole or in part. in any way what-soever.
In vacuum ~ilters it is common to use the filter with ~ .
canvas f iltering sheets through which wa~ex i5 sucked while the solid is left on the outer side. Their purpose is to save the liquid (such as cyanide ~olution) for re-use or to extract the solid from the suspension (such as ~ine coal3, or both. rhe present invention dif~ers ~rom aforementioned vacuum filter in that vacuum is not used ;~
in the treatment proces3 and the refuse is artificially coated with sorptive Powdered-coal filter medium wlthin a loo~ely packed re~use fill.
In practice, the refuse is intimately mixed with sorp- ~:
tive Powdered coal in amounts of from between ~ lb to 50 lbs of sorptive coal to one ton of refuse fill prior to bein~ deposited within the landfil}. This is done prefer- :
~ably in a rotating mixer and the sorptive powde~ad coal ' ' .
5391~
intlmately mixed w.ith the refuse in the form of a coal- .
in-water slurry therein~ The Powdered sorptlve-coal and water slurry mixture is mixed with the heterogeneous refuse for a sufficient period of time to effect tha complete and total coverage of the refuse by the sorptive ` .
Pwdered coal. The treated refuse fill is then deposited within the landfill without drying where advantage i8 taken of the wetted condition o~ the treated refuse to achieve greater compaction and densification in the land-fill after rolling and distribution procedures are ca.r:ried out. At this stage the land~ill refuse has been deposi~ed within the landfill as a pre-coated refuse fil~er envel-oped wi~hin a coating o~ 60rptive carbon, and it will be evident to those skilled in the art that alL the sorptive POwdered coal ha5 been added to the refuse at the water-xe~use interface or the point o~ origin of leachate pol-lutants therefrom. An immediate adv~ntage o~ the addition of the sorptive ~oal to the refuse will be noticed by the complete absence of odours normally associated with the depo3iting of garb~ age in varying ~tages of d~gradation~
this is be~use the sorptive coal within the coal-refuse mixture serves to provide odour control therein. A further, long term advan~age of the addi~ion o~ the sorp~ive Powd- :
ered-coal to the refuse in the refuse fill i~ that the ~orptive coal serve~ ~o inhibit the decay of organic matter in the reuse thereby redu~ing the degree o~ ammDnia prod-:~ uetlon in the ~ normally carried away in the fill leacha~e, and also reducing the long-term production of harmful methane gases generated within the ~ill as it age~ .
30 ~ high degree of tertiary treatment ~s provided wlthin the ~ :
re~u6e fill by the ~oal~refuse pre-coat filter layer~ to ~perFolating water~; therein and leachates issuirlg therefrom. ~;
~............ . . . . .
~;3~
In the preparation of sorptive powd~red-coal additives used In the process o~ ~he invention it :is e~sential that the raw coal before treatment have a degree of sorptive affin.ity for variety of pollutants liXely to be found in a hete.rogeneous refuse fill mixture and t:ha resultant leachate therefrom. I have found that the most suitable coal ~or my purpose are low ~rade coals having a relatively high content of water soluble substances and volatile matter and gases which may be easily removed therefrom, and also such removable matt~r being relatively evenly distributed throughout the raw coal .
Suitable sorptive coal3 are found usually among the group of ~oals consisting of Bittuminou~ Coal, Subbitum-inous Coal9 Lignite Caal, Brown Coal or wastes thereo~
Studies of thln section~ of the coal samples are made and the presence of and distribu~ion pattern of removable matter determined by either ~letting or heating the thin coal ~amples or both proceduxes alternatively- :
Selected coals are then pulverized and screened to provide th~refrom coal sizings in which the maximum ~aal particle si~e i9 that passing through a standard screen with a mesh 3ize o~ 200.
The coal particles are then subjected to a proce~s of artificial weathering in which a series of wettlng and dry7 ing cycles i9 applied to the coal particles, which reæults in the production of an ~xpand~d coal particle havin~ a more open and porous structure-.
535~
The expanded coal particles are then washed and leachedwith water and heat dried, wherein the amount of heat applied to the coal particles is less than that required to change ~he structure of the particles but i5 tha~ amount sufficient to release and remove any volaltile gases or substance~ contained therein. By this method of processing the coal particles, I have found that from 14.5 to 30 per ent water soluble and heat removable substances and gases may be removed ~rom the coal particle st~ucture to provide a coal Particle therefrom having a high porousity with improved gas adsorptive properties and storage capacity.
As an additional step, prior to mixing the C031 part-icles with the refuse o~ a fillJ the coal particles are activated washing the particles with onb'Or more solutions cho~en from hot or cold water, distilled water, steam, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide so as to leach reactlve coal chemical~ and thereb~ increa~e the gas ad-sorptivity, ion adsorptivity and decay inhibiting prop-erties of the porous surfaces o~ the coal particl~s.
:
Th~ following examples give an indication of the ability of the improved sorptive treated-coal particles to elim-inate the decay-cau~ing bacteria to prevent the further ;:
produ~tion of ga~es fe~ulting from the decay of organic matterOin the refu~e fill~
EX~MPLE "A" ~
Treatment of septic tank (anaerobic) sewage with pulver- ~:
iz ed c~o ~1 . ( exc erpt f rom ~B O C . Po 1 lut ion Cont ro 1 Branch repo rt ) :.
e percentaçtes of reduction in the Parameters measured .
; ~indicated that a high deqree of reduction has been ach~eved 30 including total and faecal coliform bactPria levelsV~.
' . ... . . - : .
~353~
"The deqree of treatment provided by this ~system is better than level "A" of "The minimum Requirements for Disposal of ~lunicipal and Domestic wastewaters to surface waters".
%
P~R~METER INFLUENT EFFLUENT REDUCTION
June 17, 1974 T. Coliform = 240,000 - 2,400 ~. Coliform = 240JOOO = 2,400 July 3, 1974 10 T- Coliform 9.2xlO6 2 14 99 F. Coliform 4-9x1057. x103 99 T 22, 1974 T- Coli~orm 1-6x106S4, 000 97 F- Coli~orm 79, 0007, 000 91 ~ ' ~.
EXAMPLE "B "
The result3 of tests on differing types of coal mat erlals indicate the difference between a coal material containing a high percentage of r~movable water ~olubl~
substances thersin and an ordinary higher grade coal 20 material with a lower percentage o~ removable ~ater soluble substances contained ~'herein~ The test results shown ~or the Hat Creek coal materials wer~ increased a ~urther 11 per cent by the method of the present inven ion~ -.
to~a maximum of 30 per c~nt removal- ~
.
' :: :
. .. .
~ ;39~ :
R~SULTS OF SOXH:LET EXTR~CTIûN OF HAT CREEK l~ND VICARY
CREEK COAI~3 ~
~ .
H-~T CRE~K CO~I.
Extraction Me~h Initial Final ~W
Tlme Size Wt . c~m Wt ~ qm Extracted 16Hours-60/115 35 0 27 . 5 21~ 4
ations and in Particular to a process for the pre- treat-ment of landfill refuse to make of it an artificial carbon pre-coat filter for the treatment of landfill leachate~.
The invention relates in par~ to Canadlan Patent App-lication No" 2~8,327 filed ~arch 19, 1976 :~or "COA~rB1~3E
L~NDFILL, LEI~CHATE TRE~TMENT"
Leachate from solid waste fills is rapidly gaining rec~
ognition as an ever increasing threat ~o groundwater purity;
groundwater i8 the baQic water source for many millions of Canadians. Leachate9 mainly consi3tlng o~ rain and the contamination it soaks up as it percolates through the refuse fill, contains about as much BOD tbiological oxygen demand) as the nation's entire discharge of untreated raw 9 ewage.
Since leachate treatment i9 in itfi infancy, there is a dearth o~ long term experience, wi~h qUantitieB generated, analyse~, effect of residence time, or optimum treatment methods- .
Leach~te-landf.ill water sources are a mixture of waters from many sources some of w~lich vary in contribution rate with the time of ~he year, date or activity at the site. The surface water~ originate roms : (a) surrounding lands ad~acent ~o the site~
(b) surface~flow of landfill sur~ace due to precipit : : ation, : ~ tc) water per~olation~ that pa~s through the re~us~
: from above due to dredging or tank truck di chaxgss, ~d) water liberation~ to the upper sur~ace o~ a possible p~at ba~e on which the landfill is buil~, due to the~:
,", ~ ~ '' ~' '."
~()S39~ :
consolldation of th~ peat and may thu~ ha~re passed upwards through the lower portion of refuse, ~e~ water infiltration through a river dyke and onto the s ite durin~
( i ) h igh t id e, (ii) hiS~h stages in the river,, (f) water liherations during compres~ion of the refuse or during it~ decompo~ition, (g) sprinkling of fill to prevent or e~ctinguish ~ires~
Thus~ flows and quality of surface waters have thQ
potential to vary hourly9 daily, weekly and seasonally in many ways around the site.
To determine water quality data the following three types of water quality investigations are conduc~ad on the surface water~ ~ :
~(a) chemical analy3is of ~aters, (b) bacteriological counts:o~ ditch waters and sediment~, (c) bioa~0ay of waters ~lowing directly from the ~ite , to a water carriage 8yst~
It may be ~een, there~ore, tha~ the most ~ignificant factors cau~ing the extreme deyradation of wa~er quality i~suing ~rom landfill sites are~
(a~3 percolation af waters through the re~uss, ) heterogeneity o~ the ref~e and resulting leachate~
re-rout~ng and/or stagna~ion of both waters and ediment~ ~due~ to~ ditch cutting or filling~
: ~ . .
(d) the breakdown~of organic matter in the refu~ with the production~of ammonia. ~ ~ ;
: ~ :
:' ~, : ~ ~ ; . ' ' .
.
~L053~
~ s was aforementioned, leachate from solid waste fills is an ~ver increasing threat to ~roundwater purity and the treatments provided still suffers from the disadvantaqe that in spite of the best technical ~dviee presently avail-able to landfill operators, the degradati.on of groundwater purity by leachates continues unabated.
It is known that the production of landfill leachates occurs as a r~sult of the inter-ac~ion of percolating waters with the refuse in the landfill, at the water refuse inter-face thereof. It will b~ evident~therefore7 that this water-refu3e inter~ace i6 the point of origin of leachate po;ll-utants.
I have found that the aforementioned disadvantacJes pres~
ently associated with the treatment of landfill refuse .
and the leachates issuing therefrom, may be overcome in a manner which iB simple,practical and economical~ by the method of the present inv~ntion.
.
It is a prime objective of the 1nvention~ therefore, o~ ~reating the heterogeneous re~use~mixture,in place within ~he re~use-landfill,by the provision therein of an arti~icial pre-coat fllter formed ~rom the fill re~use and an improved ~in~l~ pulverized sorptive-coal treatment medium~ whereby conditions avourable for inhibiting the davelopment o~ leachate pollutants and providing a high degree of t~rtiary treatment of such pollutant~ at their potential source o~ origin, ~t the aforesaid water-rafuse interface is provided~
Other ob~ectives ~rili becom~ apparent to those skilled in the art f rom the descript ion herein and f rom the app-endent claims~ an~ such objects are intended to fallwithin the:scope of my inventionO
- 3 ::
, ~ -:
:
, ~ , .
~6~53~8 For the purpose of this invention the term filter pre~coat shall mean the coating, lodgment, gathering, adherence, catchment or envelopmQnt by or oE the refuse in the fill, by the sorptive Powdered coal in ei~her dust or as a Powdered coal-in-water ~lurry, w~len applied as a filter media coating to the refuse fill upon or within the exterior or interior surI'ace areas of the refuse and used therewith or therein to serve the Eunction of a pre-coat filter in the treatment~ fixationJ containment or removal of refuse pollutants by various filtration and sorptive processe~ prevent the degradation of de-gradable substanceQ or materials in the refuse~ or treat, correct, remove or alter the status of the refuse in a beneficial manner in whole or in part. in any way what-soever.
In vacuum ~ilters it is common to use the filter with ~ .
canvas f iltering sheets through which wa~ex i5 sucked while the solid is left on the outer side. Their purpose is to save the liquid (such as cyanide ~olution) for re-use or to extract the solid from the suspension (such as ~ine coal3, or both. rhe present invention dif~ers ~rom aforementioned vacuum filter in that vacuum is not used ;~
in the treatment proces3 and the refuse is artificially coated with sorptive Powdered-coal filter medium wlthin a loo~ely packed re~use fill.
In practice, the refuse is intimately mixed with sorp- ~:
tive Powdered coal in amounts of from between ~ lb to 50 lbs of sorptive coal to one ton of refuse fill prior to bein~ deposited within the landfil}. This is done prefer- :
~ably in a rotating mixer and the sorptive powde~ad coal ' ' .
5391~
intlmately mixed w.ith the refuse in the form of a coal- .
in-water slurry therein~ The Powdered sorptlve-coal and water slurry mixture is mixed with the heterogeneous refuse for a sufficient period of time to effect tha complete and total coverage of the refuse by the sorptive ` .
Pwdered coal. The treated refuse fill is then deposited within the landfill without drying where advantage i8 taken of the wetted condition o~ the treated refuse to achieve greater compaction and densification in the land-fill after rolling and distribution procedures are ca.r:ried out. At this stage the land~ill refuse has been deposi~ed within the landfill as a pre-coated refuse fil~er envel-oped wi~hin a coating o~ 60rptive carbon, and it will be evident to those skilled in the art that alL the sorptive POwdered coal ha5 been added to the refuse at the water-xe~use interface or the point o~ origin of leachate pol-lutants therefrom. An immediate adv~ntage o~ the addition of the sorptive ~oal to the refuse will be noticed by the complete absence of odours normally associated with the depo3iting of garb~ age in varying ~tages of d~gradation~
this is be~use the sorptive coal within the coal-refuse mixture serves to provide odour control therein. A further, long term advan~age of the addi~ion o~ the sorp~ive Powd- :
ered-coal to the refuse in the refuse fill i~ that the ~orptive coal serve~ ~o inhibit the decay of organic matter in the reuse thereby redu~ing the degree o~ ammDnia prod-:~ uetlon in the ~ normally carried away in the fill leacha~e, and also reducing the long-term production of harmful methane gases generated within the ~ill as it age~ .
30 ~ high degree of tertiary treatment ~s provided wlthin the ~ :
re~u6e fill by the ~oal~refuse pre-coat filter layer~ to ~perFolating water~; therein and leachates issuirlg therefrom. ~;
~............ . . . . .
~;3~
In the preparation of sorptive powd~red-coal additives used In the process o~ ~he invention it :is e~sential that the raw coal before treatment have a degree of sorptive affin.ity for variety of pollutants liXely to be found in a hete.rogeneous refuse fill mixture and t:ha resultant leachate therefrom. I have found that the most suitable coal ~or my purpose are low ~rade coals having a relatively high content of water soluble substances and volatile matter and gases which may be easily removed therefrom, and also such removable matt~r being relatively evenly distributed throughout the raw coal .
Suitable sorptive coal3 are found usually among the group of ~oals consisting of Bittuminou~ Coal, Subbitum-inous Coal9 Lignite Caal, Brown Coal or wastes thereo~
Studies of thln section~ of the coal samples are made and the presence of and distribu~ion pattern of removable matter determined by either ~letting or heating the thin coal ~amples or both proceduxes alternatively- :
Selected coals are then pulverized and screened to provide th~refrom coal sizings in which the maximum ~aal particle si~e i9 that passing through a standard screen with a mesh 3ize o~ 200.
The coal particles are then subjected to a proce~s of artificial weathering in which a series of wettlng and dry7 ing cycles i9 applied to the coal particles, which reæults in the production of an ~xpand~d coal particle havin~ a more open and porous structure-.
535~
The expanded coal particles are then washed and leachedwith water and heat dried, wherein the amount of heat applied to the coal particles is less than that required to change ~he structure of the particles but i5 tha~ amount sufficient to release and remove any volaltile gases or substance~ contained therein. By this method of processing the coal particles, I have found that from 14.5 to 30 per ent water soluble and heat removable substances and gases may be removed ~rom the coal particle st~ucture to provide a coal Particle therefrom having a high porousity with improved gas adsorptive properties and storage capacity.
As an additional step, prior to mixing the C031 part-icles with the refuse o~ a fillJ the coal particles are activated washing the particles with onb'Or more solutions cho~en from hot or cold water, distilled water, steam, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide so as to leach reactlve coal chemical~ and thereb~ increa~e the gas ad-sorptivity, ion adsorptivity and decay inhibiting prop-erties of the porous surfaces o~ the coal particl~s.
:
Th~ following examples give an indication of the ability of the improved sorptive treated-coal particles to elim-inate the decay-cau~ing bacteria to prevent the further ;:
produ~tion of ga~es fe~ulting from the decay of organic matterOin the refu~e fill~
EX~MPLE "A" ~
Treatment of septic tank (anaerobic) sewage with pulver- ~:
iz ed c~o ~1 . ( exc erpt f rom ~B O C . Po 1 lut ion Cont ro 1 Branch repo rt ) :.
e percentaçtes of reduction in the Parameters measured .
; ~indicated that a high deqree of reduction has been ach~eved 30 including total and faecal coliform bactPria levelsV~.
' . ... . . - : .
~353~
"The deqree of treatment provided by this ~system is better than level "A" of "The minimum Requirements for Disposal of ~lunicipal and Domestic wastewaters to surface waters".
%
P~R~METER INFLUENT EFFLUENT REDUCTION
June 17, 1974 T. Coliform = 240,000 - 2,400 ~. Coliform = 240JOOO = 2,400 July 3, 1974 10 T- Coliform 9.2xlO6 2 14 99 F. Coliform 4-9x1057. x103 99 T 22, 1974 T- Coli~orm 1-6x106S4, 000 97 F- Coli~orm 79, 0007, 000 91 ~ ' ~.
EXAMPLE "B "
The result3 of tests on differing types of coal mat erlals indicate the difference between a coal material containing a high percentage of r~movable water ~olubl~
substances thersin and an ordinary higher grade coal 20 material with a lower percentage o~ removable ~ater soluble substances contained ~'herein~ The test results shown ~or the Hat Creek coal materials wer~ increased a ~urther 11 per cent by the method of the present inven ion~ -.
to~a maximum of 30 per c~nt removal- ~
.
' :: :
. .. .
~ ;39~ :
R~SULTS OF SOXH:LET EXTR~CTIûN OF HAT CREEK l~ND VICARY
CREEK COAI~3 ~
~ .
H-~T CRE~K CO~I.
Extraction Me~h Initial Final ~W
Tlme Size Wt . c~m Wt ~ qm Extracted 16Hours-60/115 35 0 27 . 5 21~ 4
2~ " " 75.0 57.5~3.3 24 " " 7S.0 59.321~0 ` `
Vicary Cr~ek Coal 10 16Hours-60/115- 35-0 33-7 3-7 24 " " 75-0 74-0 1~3 24 " " 75-0 74~2 1-1 :
, ' ~X.~MP~E"C" ,` -~: ' -, The following tests were made on a wide range of inorganiC and organic substances tna;~e.-up~-t~ represent selected leachate pollutantE; . The procedure follo~ed : :`
in te~ting the adsorption proPertieS of the coal-carbon involves (13 preparation of standard solution~ (2) sie~ing o~ the coal-carbon to a 1/4" to 1/16" part~cle size~ (3) 'chree dif~erent washin~f procedures involving ~a) a dist-d water Wa8hD ~b) a ~Cl acid ~ash~ (c3 a NaOH ~a~3e -waxh. ~d~ a ba~e then acid w~sh; ~4) coal-carb~n dried at 160 ~C:: (5) treat 200 ~grams o~ coal-carbon With 100 grams 0~ 801ution;~ (6 ~ measUré chang~s - Th~ r~?sults are a8 ~ol10W6 .
:
:
: ~'
Vicary Cr~ek Coal 10 16Hours-60/115- 35-0 33-7 3-7 24 " " 75-0 74-0 1~3 24 " " 75-0 74~2 1-1 :
, ' ~X.~MP~E"C" ,` -~: ' -, The following tests were made on a wide range of inorganiC and organic substances tna;~e.-up~-t~ represent selected leachate pollutantE; . The procedure follo~ed : :`
in te~ting the adsorption proPertieS of the coal-carbon involves (13 preparation of standard solution~ (2) sie~ing o~ the coal-carbon to a 1/4" to 1/16" part~cle size~ (3) 'chree dif~erent washin~f procedures involving ~a) a dist-d water Wa8hD ~b) a ~Cl acid ~ash~ (c3 a NaOH ~a~3e -waxh. ~d~ a ba~e then acid w~sh; ~4) coal-carb~n dried at 160 ~C:: (5) treat 200 ~grams o~ coal-carbon With 100 grams 0~ 801ution;~ (6 ~ measUré chang~s - Th~ r~?sults are a8 ~ol10W6 .
:
:
: ~'
3~0~i3~8 EXI~MPLE "C "
Inorganic Ion ~dsorpt ion Final Concentration(PPM~
( PPM ) Initial Con- N~utral ~cid Base Base thenContact : :
centrationWash Wash Wash AcidTimes (hrs ~ : :
Zinc 30 0. 6 1 O -%inc 30 - 3 3 ~
Barium300 2 2 1~ 0 10 E~arium300 5 2 Copper 10 .OR 4~5 6,5 1~ 0 Iron 10 51 3-7 1~ 7 1-5 Manganese 1146030 81~0 6-3 43~0 1-0 Chromate105 . 00 2 ~ 0 Chromate10 . 02S
Sulfate200 250-00 120.0 150.0 1^ ~ .
Phosphate 50 37-5033~8'~! 13-1 Phosphate 50 6-0 11-1 3.0 Chloride3032 SO
20 Nit~ate200249.00 115.0 go~o 5-0 .
Nltrite109 105-00 1-5 Cyanide70 10-00 1-0 Cyanide70 8.00 2-0 Cyanide70 1-10 20-0 Ammonium30 5 1. 0 ~Anunonium 30 2 o 8 d~o O
rhe a~ov~3:r~sults, clearly show a strong adsorption tend-ency toward mo~t cat ion~ and the anions, CN J CrO~ and to some ~ent P~. Ihe ac.id and ba~e ~ tr~at:ed carbons a~pear 30 to~ have er~anced abili~y to adsorb nitrates~ phosphate,s, ~. :
,.
. .
~ ' .~
.. ~ .. ~ . .. .. ... , . . ~ . .
53~
and sulfates~ It should be poin~ed out longer con~ac-t times will probably laad to increased adsorption since equilibrium appears to require several hours (e.g. ? s~e chromate results~
in some cases7 ~hese longer contac~ times are a~ailable in the refuse ~reatment syst~m of the present invention.
Organic ~dsorption ~ he following studies have been carried out using phenol and nitrobenzene. Ten grams of neutral wahed coal was treated with 10 grams of pure nitrobenzane and 10 grams of 90% ~ :
aqueous ~olution of phenol for one hour. By weighing the coal be~ore and after exposure to the organic the foll~
owing re3ults were obtained, Phenol g of organic adsorbed/g of coal 0~19 Nitrobenzene " " " 0.l6 These results compare favurably wi~h th~ results of a study in whi~h phenol and nitrobenzene were adsorbed on a large surface area commercial activated carbon~ This act-l-vated carbon, which posse~secl a su:rface area of 120ûm ~/g, ~ adsorbed OOO9~ g~ams o~ phenol/gram of carbon and 0.~
gram~ o~ n~trobenzene/gram of ~arbon~ These re~ults show that the sorptiv~coal ~dsorptivity when processe~ accord-ing to the method of the pre~nt invention of these two organics i~ equal to that of a high grade synthetic ~ctitrated carbon.
:
Nearly ninety percent o~ the solid waste generatad in Canada is depo~ited in landfills and a significant number oL the~e landfills are located in regions in which the -~ -annual rainfall is su~f icient to produce leachate. ~hu~
a simple; prac~tic~al and effective refu~e treatment sy~tem , ~ , ~os;~9~ :
directed toward the ~ontrol and trea~men~ of leacha~e i5 highly desirable ~rom an environmental and an economlc standpoint. C~early9 a low cost, readily available source of naturally activated coal-carbon has a wide spectrum and large capa~ity ~or adsorption of leachate contamin-ants would provide a significant contribution in solving a major environmental problem of national concern.
It will occur to those skilled in the ar~ that it would not be possible to list all the ways in which the pre-coat r~fuse-coal fil~er of the inven~ion may be used to advantage in the treatmant of the rPfuse in the heterogen-eou3 mixture thereof in landfill operations~ this i5 best done in practice, It should be appreciated that the fore- .
going description has been lar~ely couched in terms o~ -axample~ and preferred practice thereof. Numersus changes and modifications thereof will readily occur to those sXilled in the art, and such variations are intend~d to fall within the scope of the hereto appended claims- :
This invention also relates in part to Canadian P~tent Application "~ntitl~d "USING IMPROVED SORPTIVE COAL MAT-ERI~LS TO REMOVE METHANE GAS FROM REFUSE FILLS ~ND PRE-VENT~NG THE FURTHER PRODUCTION THEREOF". The present inven-tion differs from the aforementioned inventlon in that lt decribes the preparation of a pre-coat filter from sorptive coal and refu~e, no application number receiv~d ~ :
as yet. :
: - 12 - :
.~ ~
,, . :
Inorganic Ion ~dsorpt ion Final Concentration(PPM~
( PPM ) Initial Con- N~utral ~cid Base Base thenContact : :
centrationWash Wash Wash AcidTimes (hrs ~ : :
Zinc 30 0. 6 1 O -%inc 30 - 3 3 ~
Barium300 2 2 1~ 0 10 E~arium300 5 2 Copper 10 .OR 4~5 6,5 1~ 0 Iron 10 51 3-7 1~ 7 1-5 Manganese 1146030 81~0 6-3 43~0 1-0 Chromate105 . 00 2 ~ 0 Chromate10 . 02S
Sulfate200 250-00 120.0 150.0 1^ ~ .
Phosphate 50 37-5033~8'~! 13-1 Phosphate 50 6-0 11-1 3.0 Chloride3032 SO
20 Nit~ate200249.00 115.0 go~o 5-0 .
Nltrite109 105-00 1-5 Cyanide70 10-00 1-0 Cyanide70 8.00 2-0 Cyanide70 1-10 20-0 Ammonium30 5 1. 0 ~Anunonium 30 2 o 8 d~o O
rhe a~ov~3:r~sults, clearly show a strong adsorption tend-ency toward mo~t cat ion~ and the anions, CN J CrO~ and to some ~ent P~. Ihe ac.id and ba~e ~ tr~at:ed carbons a~pear 30 to~ have er~anced abili~y to adsorb nitrates~ phosphate,s, ~. :
,.
. .
~ ' .~
.. ~ .. ~ . .. .. ... , . . ~ . .
53~
and sulfates~ It should be poin~ed out longer con~ac-t times will probably laad to increased adsorption since equilibrium appears to require several hours (e.g. ? s~e chromate results~
in some cases7 ~hese longer contac~ times are a~ailable in the refuse ~reatment syst~m of the present invention.
Organic ~dsorption ~ he following studies have been carried out using phenol and nitrobenzene. Ten grams of neutral wahed coal was treated with 10 grams of pure nitrobenzane and 10 grams of 90% ~ :
aqueous ~olution of phenol for one hour. By weighing the coal be~ore and after exposure to the organic the foll~
owing re3ults were obtained, Phenol g of organic adsorbed/g of coal 0~19 Nitrobenzene " " " 0.l6 These results compare favurably wi~h th~ results of a study in whi~h phenol and nitrobenzene were adsorbed on a large surface area commercial activated carbon~ This act-l-vated carbon, which posse~secl a su:rface area of 120ûm ~/g, ~ adsorbed OOO9~ g~ams o~ phenol/gram of carbon and 0.~
gram~ o~ n~trobenzene/gram of ~arbon~ These re~ults show that the sorptiv~coal ~dsorptivity when processe~ accord-ing to the method of the pre~nt invention of these two organics i~ equal to that of a high grade synthetic ~ctitrated carbon.
:
Nearly ninety percent o~ the solid waste generatad in Canada is depo~ited in landfills and a significant number oL the~e landfills are located in regions in which the -~ -annual rainfall is su~f icient to produce leachate. ~hu~
a simple; prac~tic~al and effective refu~e treatment sy~tem , ~ , ~os;~9~ :
directed toward the ~ontrol and trea~men~ of leacha~e i5 highly desirable ~rom an environmental and an economlc standpoint. C~early9 a low cost, readily available source of naturally activated coal-carbon has a wide spectrum and large capa~ity ~or adsorption of leachate contamin-ants would provide a significant contribution in solving a major environmental problem of national concern.
It will occur to those skilled in the ar~ that it would not be possible to list all the ways in which the pre-coat r~fuse-coal fil~er of the inven~ion may be used to advantage in the treatmant of the rPfuse in the heterogen-eou3 mixture thereof in landfill operations~ this i5 best done in practice, It should be appreciated that the fore- .
going description has been lar~ely couched in terms o~ -axample~ and preferred practice thereof. Numersus changes and modifications thereof will readily occur to those sXilled in the art, and such variations are intend~d to fall within the scope of the hereto appended claims- :
This invention also relates in part to Canadian P~tent Application "~ntitl~d "USING IMPROVED SORPTIVE COAL MAT-ERI~LS TO REMOVE METHANE GAS FROM REFUSE FILLS ~ND PRE-VENT~NG THE FURTHER PRODUCTION THEREOF". The present inven-tion differs from the aforementioned inventlon in that lt decribes the preparation of a pre-coat filter from sorptive coal and refu~e, no application number receiv~d ~ :
as yet. :
: - 12 - :
.~ ~
,, . :
Claims (6)
1. A method of using landfill refuse coated with an imp-roved sorptive coal-fines medium to provide a pre-coat pollutant-retarding and treatment filter media, at the point of origin of refuse pollutants the inter-face of the refuse with waters percolating therethrough, which includes the steps of:
(a) determining the nature of the heterogeneous refuse to be placed in the landfill, (b) providing an improved sorptive-coal-fines filter-pre-coating medium having affinity for a wide spectrum of refuse pollutants as determined from step (a), (c) pulverizing, screening and improving the sorptive properties of the coal and producing therefrom improved sorptive coal particles in which the maximum particle size is that passing through a standard screen with a 200 mesh size, (d) forming a coal-in-water slurry from the finely sized sorptive coal particles with water, (e) adding the sorptive coal-in-water slurry to the landfill refuse and intimately mixing and coating the refuse with the said coal-in-water slurry, thereafter (f) depositing the coal-refuse mixture as a layered and compacted pre-coat pollutant-retarding and treatment-filter within the refuse landfill.
(a) determining the nature of the heterogeneous refuse to be placed in the landfill, (b) providing an improved sorptive-coal-fines filter-pre-coating medium having affinity for a wide spectrum of refuse pollutants as determined from step (a), (c) pulverizing, screening and improving the sorptive properties of the coal and producing therefrom improved sorptive coal particles in which the maximum particle size is that passing through a standard screen with a 200 mesh size, (d) forming a coal-in-water slurry from the finely sized sorptive coal particles with water, (e) adding the sorptive coal-in-water slurry to the landfill refuse and intimately mixing and coating the refuse with the said coal-in-water slurry, thereafter (f) depositing the coal-refuse mixture as a layered and compacted pre-coat pollutant-retarding and treatment-filter within the refuse landfill.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1 including the step of expanding then making the coal particles more porous, prior to activating the said coal particles, by sub-jecting the finely pulverized coal to a series of wet-ting and drying cycles with water, then washing and leaching the said coal particles to remove water sol-uble removable substances and entrapped gases there-from.
3. A method as claimed in Claims 1 or 2 including the step of washing the expanded and more porous coal particles, prior to coating the refuse therewith, with treatments and one or more solutions chosen from heat application under controlled conditions, steam, hot or cold water, distilled water, hydrochloroic acid, and sodium hydroxide.
4. A method as claimed in Claims 1 or 2 including the step of deodourizing the refuse, prior to depositing the refuse in the refuse landfill, by intimately mixing and coating the refuse with a coal-in-water slurry consisting of an improved finely pulverized and screened sorptive coal material and water mixed with agitation in a tumbling mixing device.
5. A method as claimed in Claims 3 or 4 including the step of preparing a pre-coat pollutant-retarding and treatment filter at the point of origin of refuse pollutants, prior to passage of the percolating waters therethrough, with a pre-coat filter mixture consisting of landfill refuse coated with an improved finely pulver-ized sorptive coal-in-water slurry mixture.
6. A method as claimed in Claims 4 or 5 including the step of providing tertiary treatment to potential leachate effluents, during the passage of the percolating waters through the landfill refuse, by contacting and treating such refuse percolating waters at the point of leachate origin with the refuse-water interface with a pre-coat filter comprising fill refuse coated with an improved pulverized sorptive-coal and-water mixture in slurry form.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA311,053A CA1053918A (en) | 1978-09-11 | 1978-09-11 | Pre-coated refuse-coal filter for landfill refuse treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA311,053A CA1053918A (en) | 1978-09-11 | 1978-09-11 | Pre-coated refuse-coal filter for landfill refuse treatment |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1053918A true CA1053918A (en) | 1979-05-08 |
Family
ID=4112335
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA311,053A Expired CA1053918A (en) | 1978-09-11 | 1978-09-11 | Pre-coated refuse-coal filter for landfill refuse treatment |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CA (1) | CA1053918A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0297356A1 (en) * | 1987-07-03 | 1989-01-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Waste container, particularly for final deposit of radioactive substances |
US4990031A (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1991-02-05 | Blowes David W | Treatment of mine tailings |
US5190406A (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-03-02 | Municipal Services Corp. | Cationic treatment landfill |
US5198128A (en) * | 1987-07-03 | 1993-03-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Waste disposal site, in particular for the ultimate disposal of radioactive substances |
CN107450469A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-08 | 四川德胜集团钒钛有限公司 | A kind of system and its adjusting method for being used to adjust raw coal moisture |
CN112408705A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-26 | 江西挺进环保科技有限公司 | Domestic sewage treatment system with tidal flow percolation system and treatment process |
CN116199343A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-06-02 | 北京建筑大学 | Biological detention facility and water purifying method using same |
-
1978
- 1978-09-11 CA CA311,053A patent/CA1053918A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0297356A1 (en) * | 1987-07-03 | 1989-01-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Waste container, particularly for final deposit of radioactive substances |
US5198128A (en) * | 1987-07-03 | 1993-03-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Waste disposal site, in particular for the ultimate disposal of radioactive substances |
US4990031A (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1991-02-05 | Blowes David W | Treatment of mine tailings |
US5190406A (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-03-02 | Municipal Services Corp. | Cationic treatment landfill |
CN107450469A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-08 | 四川德胜集团钒钛有限公司 | A kind of system and its adjusting method for being used to adjust raw coal moisture |
CN107450469B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2023-06-02 | 四川德胜集团钒钛有限公司 | System for adjusting moisture of raw coal and adjusting method thereof |
CN112408705A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-26 | 江西挺进环保科技有限公司 | Domestic sewage treatment system with tidal flow percolation system and treatment process |
CN116199343A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-06-02 | 北京建筑大学 | Biological detention facility and water purifying method using same |
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