CA1051374A - Method and apparatus for production of multiple gauge strip - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Multiple gauge metal strip is prepared by a process which comprises first shaving said strip by a process comprising drawing said strip through a shaving apparatus adjusted to achieve maximum stock removal in relation to the yield strength of said strip whereby said yield strength is not exceeded whereby surface reduction is confined to an area comprising 5 to 50% of total surface area and volume reduction ranges from 10 to 60% of initial strip cross sectional area, and drawing the strip through a die which defines the desired final cross sectional configuration to produce a reduction of said strip to final dimension, wherein said drawing is performed without direct surface-to-surface contact between said strip and said die.

Description

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BA~KGROUND OF THE IN~ENTION
The invention relates to a method and apparatus useful for the preparation of multiple gauge metal strlp by an operation comprising a draw-shaving operation and a drawing operation employing hydrodynamic lubrication.
In many applications, such as the production of copper alloy strip for the formation of electrical connectors and c the like, it is necessary to provide a multiple gauge thickness in the metal strip. Heretofore, such conventional ' 10 procedures as continuous milling have been employed to produce the desired variations in gauge. Such processes suffer from the disadvantages of being time-consuming and generating an unfavorable form of scrap.
Another procedure which has been investigated in the -, art comprlses the reduction to gauge by a rolling operatlon. ;~
Rolling operations in production are unfavorably restricted to certain shapes, tend to involve complex and costly tooling and are not good enough to provide products meeting -, commercial tolerances and that are free from structural ~
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Another approach to metal reduction which has been investigated is the combination of shaving followed by drawing as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,055,102 to Shaw -et al. In Shaw et al., a workpiece is reduced uniformly along its entire surface area by a method which employs a tool combining a 360 cutting head mounted ahead of a .
drawing or extrusion die, between which is provided a channel for the introduction of a lubricating fluid into contact with the workpiece. Shaw et al. suggest that the fluid is employed to minimize or eliminate chatter or wandering of the workpiece during the combined operation, and in that connection, is preferably maintained under pressure while in contact with the workpiece.
Though Shaw et al. deal with a combined process, certain deficiencies exist in its application to multiple gauge ~etal strip. Specifically, the application of ~-shaving force against only a portion of the total surface of the workpiece would magnify the problems which Shaw et al. sought to remedy in such a manner and at such a degree that the solution proposed in the patent would prove inadequate. The chatter and uneven surface would not be effectlvely prevented by the employment of the - pressurized fluid in contact with the workpiece exiting the shaving tool cutting edge.
With respect to the application of drawing to the preparation of multiple gauge metal strip, certain ,! ' complicatlons resul~ from the tendency of conventional metal flow. That is, in the normal drawing process, reduction of the thickness in a section results in an increa~e in section length, so that if the thickness of a given , ~ -2-. 6023-MB
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iO51374 shape varies across its width, the drawing process will result in variable changes in length causing non-uniform metal flow and stresses leading to buckling, twisting, tearing and fracture of the workpiece. Though a wide variety of drawing techniques are known, including the employment of the hydrodynamic principal, none have been suggested or would appear to alleviate the aforenoted deficiencies associated with the drawing of complex multiple gauge configurations. Referring specifically to Shaw et al., the drawing die illustrated therein would be uncapable of controlling the above-noted tendencies while simultaneously attempting to prevent the occurrence of wandering and chatter resulting from the shaving process.
Thus, the individual difficulties recognized with -respect to shaving and drawing techniques as applied to multiple gauge strip would appear to be magnified rather than reduced by the application of the method and apparatus of Shaw et al. Moreover, the individual known -techniques of shaving and hydrodynamic drawing would appear to offer little if any alleviation of the aforenoted problems and would not suggest ~he method and apparatus employed herein.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION ~-~
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In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that multiple gauge metal strip may be prepared by a process which comprises shaving said strip by drawing said strip while under back tension through a shaving apparatus whereby surface reduction of the strip is confined to an area comprising from about 5 to about 50%
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of tota' surface area, and volume removal of strip ; material ranges from about 10 to about 60% as measured in relation to initial strip cross sectional area, and drawing the strip through a die defining said rectangular cross section wherein direct surface-to-surface contact between said strip and said die is prevented, the width , dimension of said strip is unchanged and the ratio of strip surface to strip cross sectional area change~ by at least 30%.
The method of the present invention may be practiced in varied sequence, whereby the incoming strip may be $
~i shaved to a predetermined gauge and then hydrodynamically drawn to final dimension in either a single continuous operation or in two or more distinct operations between which various metal treatments such as interanneals may be interposed. In a specific embodiment, the strip is continuously shaved and then drawn in one operation ; occurring between a single pair of pay-out and take-up capstans. In a further embodiment, the strip is drawn to a given dimension and then further shaved to final shape.
~ The process of the present invention conLers the -!~ advantage of reducing scrap generation during the forming of the particular strip configuration, as the drawing ,` operation operates to prevent actual metal removal. Further, the employment of the present method enables the strip to acquire greater strength levels through work hardening.
In accordance with the present invention, apparatus for the preparation of multiple gauge metal strip is disclosed which comprises an ad~ustable shaving apparatus comprising a shaving tool provided with horizontal and "~ :
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~051374 vertical ad~ustment means and further ad~ustable to define a particular angle of incidence or rake angle in relation to the incoming strip, and a drawin~ apparatus comprising a hydrodynamic lubrication section containing a quantity of suitable lubricant which is located ad~acent a reduction section ending in a drawing die of appropriate configuration, whereby the incoming strip picks up ; lubricant which is then placed in compression against the surface thereof to effect the drawing of the strip without surface contact with the drawing die.
Accordingly, it is a principal ob~ect of the present invention to provide a method for the manufacture of multiple gauge metal strip which enables the continuous preparation o~ metal strip of exacting tolerance.
It is a further ob~ect of the present invention to provide a method as aforesaid which resuits in the reduced generation of metal scrap and confers improved mechanical properties on the strip product.
It is a further ob~ect of the present invention to provide a method as a40resaid which may be operated in one pass.
Further ob~ects and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of the ensuing description which proceeds with relation to the following drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 ls a perspective vie~ of a shaving apparatus emplo~Jed in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2 is a side view of the shaving apFaratus shown , 30 ln Figure 1.
.' ' ' lOS1374 Figure 3 is a cross sectional schematic view of the drawing apparatus employed in accordance with the lnvention.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 are schematic cross sectional views of multiple gauge strip configurations prepared in accordance with the invention.
DETAILED DESCRI-PTION `~
In accordance with the present invention multiple gauge metal strip of generally rectangular cross section possessing regions of two or more var~able levels of depth is prepared by a method comprising drawing the strip while under back tension through a shavlng apparatus whereby an appropriately configured shaving tool engages the surface of said strip so as to continually inscribe a particular pattern therein. The shaved strip may then either be given an intermediate anneallng treatment or the like, or ;
may be directly introduced into a drawing die whereby the strip ls sub~ected to hydrodynamic lubricatlon and drawlng ls achieved without surface-to-surface contact between the lncoming strip and the drawing die. - -The shavlng method of this invention may be conducted - -to achieve surface reduction of the strip within an area comprising from about 5 to about 50% of total surface area, and preferably from about 10 to about 40~ of sald area, and strip volume removal of from about 10 to about 60%, and preferably from about 15 to about 50%, as measured in ~, relatlon to the measured change in strip cross sectional r, area.
" The above ratlo of the percentage of the total surface area of the strip operated on by the shaving tool to the ' 30 volume of material removed thereby corresponds to the ., 6_ ~, ., ;
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ratio of perimeter of the strip to the cross sectional area of the strip before and after the shaving step, as the surface area equals perimeter multiplied by length and the volume equals cross sectional area multiplied by length.
The drawing operation noted above employs hydrodynamic lubricatlon which facilltates one pass cross sectional reductions ranging from 39 to 55% thickness wherein the width dimension of the strip is unchanged and the ratio of strip surface, which is measured by the perimeter of the strip, to strip cross sectional area changes by at least 30%, and preferably ~rom 30 to 50%. ;
It may be noted that in both steps, there is relatively little change in the strip surface area as measured by the i -.
perimeter, and that the ma~or dimensional change is with respect to height or thickness values whereby the strip -cross sectional area is signlficantly altered. -As noted earlier, the method of the present invention may be practiced in a variety of sequences to achieve products of complex cross sectional configuration. Thus, the primary sequence employed comprises the initial inscription of the multiple gauge pattern by the shaving operation, followed by the hydrodynamic drawing of the formed shape to reflne and strengthen the patterned strip.
This primary sequence has been found to confer the greatest economy and quality of production, as the shaving operation :*; efficiently removes the bulk of the unwanted material from the incoming strip, and the drawing operation achieves the desired reflnement of tolerance and strengthening of the ^ , .
product through work hardening. This sequence can be modified in the instance where the product possesses a -_7_ -~

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lOS~374 variety of complex indentations by the provision of a shaving step following the drawing operation as will be illustrated later on.
The shavlng operation employed in accordance with the present invention is disclosed in our U.S. Patent 3,992,977, issued November 23, 1976, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. A shaving method is disclosed therein which comprises drawing the strip while under back tension through a shaving apparatus whereby a shaving tool defining a cutting edge, possessing the desired multiple gauge configuration, engages the surface of the strip and continuously inscribes the desired pattern thereon.
The shaving apparatus employed in accordance with the present invention comprises an ad~ustable shaving tool provided wlth a cuttlng edge defining a pattern corresponding to the multiple gauge surface desired in the final strip product. The shaving tool is primarily ad~ustable in two directions to enable shaving to be conducted to successfully achieve maximum possible strlp reductions measured primarily in terms of volume removal. Maximum volume removal per shaving pass may be generally determined in relation to the yield strength of the strip and then coordinated with the ~ -` cross sectional configuration of the desired end product.
This being done, the apparatus is then appropriately ad~usted to achieve the extent of volume removal desired.
Referring to Figure 1, a shaving apparatus useful in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in perspective. Apparatus 10 comprises a bar-shaped shaving tool 11, which is positioned in the figure with cutting 105~37~

edge tool 12 located ad~acent and on top of respective metal -; strip M, As noted above, cutting edge 12 defines a cutting pattern 13 whose configuration serves as the template for the final configuration of ~he multiple gauge strip product.
As will be seen in greater detail in Figure 2, cutting edge 12 is disposed at a critical angle with respect to strip M
which facilitates the continuous operation of the method of this invention.
Referring further to Figure 1, shaving tool 11 is supported by adJustable tool holder 14 comprising tool support structure 15 held within ad~ustable housing 16.
Housing 16 is fastened to a flat supporting surface through base ~ which is provided with a tunnel-like channel for the passage therethrough of strip M. Housing 16 is provided with a horizontal ad~ustment 18 and a vertlcal ad~ustment 19 comprising, respectively, calibrated screw- -drlven slide connections. Ad~ustments 18 and 19 are Pine ad~ustments provided in addition to a gross ad~ustment which comprises slidable tool support structure 15 located withln tracks 21. Thus, when the appropriate vertical ~, position is determined in gross, support structure 15 is held statlonary and fixed in position by tightening screw-threaded nut 22 against shaving tool 11, whereby the back plate oP support structure 15, not shown, ls brought into ... .
flrm engagement with tracks 21. Thereafter, fine ad~ust-ments of both vertical and horizontal position can be made -with ad~ustments 18 and 19 noted earlier.
` As stated above, ad~ustments o~ depth of cut or maximum stock removal are determined with respect to the ~ 30 yield strength of the strip and the particular configuration i'' r _g_ .- , .

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desired. In addition to the aforenoted ad~ustments of vertical and horizontal position of the shaving tool, a further critical ad~ustment is made which relates to the rake angle of the tool edge. The rake angle may be defined as the angle whlch the plane of the vertical leading surface cutting tool or blade defines with respect to an imaginary vertical plane perpendicular to the direction of strip travel.
Referring to Figure 2, tool 11 is shown in greater detail wherein an angle a is de~ined which is measured from plane 20, shown in phantom which is perpendicular to the direction of strip M, and the inclined surface 23 employed at the lower portion of tool 11 closest to strip M. In accordance with the present invention, it has been found i` that a certain critical rake angle exists, which if exceeded, ~; results in a loss of control of the thickness of the flnished strlp product. Often, a rake angle in excess of 6 the critical value causes the workpiece to ride up the tool, with the result that excessive strip material is removed.
The rake angle found to be useful in the present method may range from about 2.5 to about 25, and preferably from about 5 to about 18. Accordingly, and as illustrated in Figure 2, tool 11 is constructed such that the desired shape .:
including the rake angle is machined into the tool tip or cutting edge 12. The vertical leading face of the tool ~` lntegral with cutting edge 12 is thus inclined at an angle lying within the range of rake angles noted above.
After the appropriate ad~ustments of shaving tool 11 have been made, shaving of strip M is accomplished by pulling the strip across cutting edge 12 with the necessary .` --10--~ 6023-MB
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force to overcome the shaving resistance at the tool. As noted earlier, strip- M is supported and guided ln part by the flat surface supporting tool holder 14. In addition, -further supports or guides, not shown, could be employed in lateral relation to the edges of strip M to prevent lateral wandering from occurring during the shaving operation.
The shaving operation employed in accordance with the present invention may be practiced as a single-pass or multiple-pass operation. Thus, when the amount of stock removal desired by the specific configuration sought exceeds the maximum possible stock removal per pass, the desired amount of stock removal may be divided among a plurality of shaving passes which may be of equal amount of percentage removal whereby the yield strength of the strip is not exceeded and strip rupture is thereby prevented. Thus, the strip may be sub~ected to a single shaving pass achieving a desired percentage of reduction or may be sub~ected to several such shaving passes, during which the material is brought through the shaving apparatus, rewound on a take-up -capstan and subsequently rerun through the apparatus for a -further shaving pass. ~ -After the shaving operation discussed above is --completed, the strip may be ~ub~ected to a hydrodynamic drawing operation. As noted earlier, the strip may be drawn as part of the shaving operation, in which case the shaved strlp exits the shaving tool and directly enters the drawing apparatus. Alternately, the shaved strip may be removed from the apparatus and given an intermediate treatment such as an interanneal to achieve a given temper before drawing is conducted. The drawing operation of the , . ~ - . - , , .
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present invention, as disclosed in our U.S. Patent 4,015,459, issued April 5, 1977, features the employment of hydrody-namic lubricatlon, ln which the essential feature comprises the provislon of a lubricant film of sufficient thickness to prevent contact between the deforming metal and the forming die.
The method of this invention ls illustrated in Figure 3 which schematically depicts a multiple gauge metal strip 30 passing through the drawing apparatus 31 of this invention.
As noted above, strip 30 has already received a primary -multiple gauge configuration by the shaving operation set ;
forth above and, therefore, does not undergo a ma~or change fi in shape during drawing through apparatus 31. The strip first passes through a container 32 which houses a quantity of lubricant 33 sufficient to completely cover the strip.
Passage through container 32 is afforded by openings 34 and ` 35, respectively, which are in linear alignment with the entrance ~ to the hydrodynamic section 37. The strip then enters hydrodynamic section 37 bearing on its surface lubricant 33 picked up during its passage through container 32.
Hydrodynamic section 37 comprises an ad~ustable inlet nozzle defining a cross sectional area of a size sufficient to enable the passage of lubricant-coated strip 30. As strip 30 passes through hydrodynamic section 37, the lubricant picked up by the moving workpiece is compressed and exerts a substantial pressure on the strip. The lubricant prcssure which develops in the reduction section 38 must be sufficient to cause the deslred shape change dictated by the die configuration without permitting ,;
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surface-to-surface contact between the dle and the strip. ~;~
The determination of the lubricant pressure is governed by several factors, such as lubricant viscosity, lnlet nozzle length, drawing speed, clearance between the strlp and nozzle and flow rate of lubricant through the reduction section These factors can be varied to produce the required pressure to provide the desired cross sectional reduction of the strip and will be discussed ln greater detail hereinafter.
The moving strip under lubricant pressure passes from hydrodynamlc sectlon 37 to reduction section 38, where it is drawn into the final product. Reduction section 38 comprlses a drawing die which defines a multiple gauge configuration. As stated above, drawing is accomplished wlthout surface-to-surface contact between the die and strip 30, as well as no change in the width of strip 30 issulng from reduction section 38.
The essence of hydrodynamic lubrication in the present drawlng operatlon is the provision of sufficient lubricant pressure to achieve drawing without surface-to-surface contact between the strip and the die. One of the contributlng factors ls lubricant viscosity. It has been found that lubricants o~ higher viscosity overcome certain di~ficultles in the employment of the hydrodynamic prlnciple, among them lubricant leakage and sufflcient pressure build up. The employment of a lubricant material such as a drawing soap further affects the- fabrlcatlon of the die, as sealing abilities of the components are less critical, ana the dimension, specifically those of the -length of the inlet nozzle and the clearance between the , . ~ .

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-l(~S1374 strip and the nozzle. Accordingly, nozzle length may be decreased and the clearance 39 as depicted in Figure 3, which represents the distance between the wall of the nozzle and the surface of the strip, may be increased, with the further advantage that the tolerance requirements for the ~- -incoming strip may be relaxed.
Other factors influencing lubrlcant pressure comprise drawing speed and flow rate of lubricant through the reduction section, both of which are positively correlated therewith. Thus, lncreased drawing speed results in increased lubricant flow rate, both of which increase the ;;
pressure exerted on the incoming strip.
As noted earlier, another feature of the method of this invention resides in the design of the reduction section. Certaln dimensional criteria were determined to -be important in order to ensure straight exiting of the strlp without buckling. These criteria are as follows:
` 1. The same volume of material must exit the die as enters the die.
` 20 2. There must be equal percentage reductions in height over the entire cross section of the strip and reductions must occur uni~ormly in any transverse plane section through the deformation zone. That is, if a transverse section were to be observed at any point along the deformation zone, the percentage reduction across the entire section of the strip, including all variant gauge sections, should be equal. In accordance with thls requirement, the surface~ of the die which define the Yariation in gauge must be dlsposed at slightly different angles with respect to each other, as well as to the ., ' ., . , ~

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iO51374 longitudinal direction of the strip workpiece. This particular aspect of the invention will be illustrated by the description of the drawing die in Example I, below.
3. There is to be no change in the width dimension of the strip workpiece as a result of the drawing operation.
As noted before, this requirement dictates that the reduc-tion occasioned by the present invention is not uniformly taken across the entire surface o~ the workpiece, with the result-.that .the:surface to.cross s.ectional area ratio varies by at .least-.30%, and partlcularly ~etween 30 and 50%. This variation distinguishes the preparation of products in .. accordance with the present invention from multiple gauge processes and products known in the art. Further, the .;~
malntenance of substantially the same surface component .
throughout the drawing operation comprises one of the . .
.; unexpected aspects of the lnventlon, as the frictional component of the process, normally linearly related to the surface component, is not proportlonately diminished as with - conventlonal drawing processes wherein all dimensions of the workplece are simultaneously proportionately reduced.
Partlcularly, the signlficant reductlons in strip cross :~ sectional area render the successful practlce of the present method even more surprislng, as the signiflcantly reduced strip is less capabie of coping with the ` consistently high level of friction exerted through the ., vlrtually unchanged surface area.
.. Referring again to Figure ~ the apparatus useful for :
hydrodynamlc drawing in accordance with this invention is schematically depicted in gross. Thus, contalner 32 housing a quantity of lubricant 33 is shown in linear ~' v -15-., , .
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~0~1374 alignment with hydrodynamic section 37 such that strip 30 may pass through openings 34 and 35 and into the inlet nozzle comprising hydrodynamic section 37. Though hydro- -dynamic section 37 is illustrated as detachably connected to reduction section 38, it is contemplated within the scope of this invention that both sections may be combined in a unitary structure. The connection between hydro-dynamic section 37 and reduction section 38 is rendered leak-proof by seal member 40 whlch may comprise a 0.005"
thick flat copper sheet gasket. Both hydrodynamic section 37 and reduction section 38 are comprised of a primary shape-defining element and a secondary shape-defining element. In hydrodynamic section 37 primary nozzle element 41 comprises the base of the nozzle and secondary nozzle element 42 comprises the top which is fastened thereto. ~ -Likewise, reduction section 38 is comprised of primary die element 43 which serves as the base of the die, and secondary die element 44 attached thereto.
In practice, the use of hydrodynamic drawing entails the provision of a starter or leader portion of the strip to be drawn in a thickness corresponding to that defined by the drawing die. Thus, in one embodiment, the strip is placed with a leading edge protruding from the drawing die, and pressure is then brought upon secondary die element 44 whereby strip 30 is compressed to the thickness illustrated in Figure 3. After this compression is achieved, drawing of the remainder of the strip material may commence and will be carried out without further interpretation.
In order to gain a fuller understanding of the method of this invention and to illustrate the underlying ~ .~
~05~374 principles thereof, the following examples are presented which were conducted to prepare multiple gauge products -resembling, respectively, the configurations set forth in Flgures 4, 5 and 6.
EXA~PL~ I -Rectangular strip prepared from CDA Alloy 260 was treated in accordance with the present invention by a process which initially involved a shaving operation conducted with a shaving tool as illustrated in Figure l together wlth a strip guide and coiler and recoiler reels to pay-off and wind-up the strip. The pay-off reel was controlled to exert a back tension on the strip entering the shaving apparatus. The initial strip material possessed the cross sectional measurements of 1" in width and 0.080"
ln thickness. The strip was shaved in one pass to produce a cross sectional shape resembling that illustrated in Figure 4 which consisted of a flat strip o.o80" thick with four l/16" rectangular grooves 0.030" deep in which about 12% of the surface area has been removed. The total volume removed by the shaving pass was about 9~. -The as-shaved strip was then hydrodynamically drawn to approximately a 30~ reduction in strip cross sectional area. Drawing was initiated by the placement of compressive force of a gradually increasing nature to a maximum of approxlmately 30 tons placed upon the leading edge of the :
strip which had been inserted into the reduction section of the drawing apparatus. Upon compression of the strip to the dimensions of the drawing die orifice, drawing was commenced, which employed a graduated drawing die defining a die angle for the ma~or thickness dimension of the strip , iOS1374 of 10 and a die angle for the indentation or minor thickness of the strip of 2,52. A one pass reduction of 30% was achieved with the result that the final dimensions of the strip were reduced to a maximum thickness cf 0.056"
and a mlnlmum thickness, measured from the grooves of 0.035". The product exhiblted a smooth matte surface and was generally uniform and linear.
EXAMPLE II
A further sample of CDA Alloy 260 was selected for preparatlon of the multiple gauge configuration shown in Figure 5. Shaving was conducted at a speed of 85 feet per minute on a strip possessing the initial dimensions of 1.201 x o.og8". The shaving tool was disposed at a rake angle of 12 and a shaving tension of 5,535 lbs. was employed. The depth of cut achieved was 0.028" and the volume removal comprised 18%. The final dimenslons of the shaved strip comprised a ma~or thickness of 0.098", a minor thlckness of 0.071" and a width of 1.2".
The above strip was then drawn to a 29% reduction at a drawing speed of from 7 to 85 feet per minute. The draw force exerted on the strip ranged from 2,475 to 2,700 lbs., and the film thickness of the lubricant employed ranged from 0.0005 to 0.0015", and was thickest at the intermediate speeds. The dimensions of the finally drawn strip comprised ; a ma~or thickness of 0.070", a minor thickness of 0.053"
and a width of 1.1995". The drawn product likewise possessed an acceptable surface appearance and dimensional uniformity.

; EXAM~LE III

The present example illustrates an instance of the use of draw shaving subsequent to a hydrodynamic drawing ' i ' ~ . :"

lOS1374 operation. Strip material prepared from CDA Alloy llO was provided in a width of 1~643tr and a thickness of 0.115".
The strip material was in spring temper. The initial -configuration comprlsing a center channel of a depth of 0.041t' and a width of 0.540" was inscribed by shaving. The area removed by the shaving operation comprised 18% of the strip volume. As the maximum area removed was determined to be 17% in one pass, two passes were employed.
The shaved strip was then annealed at 375C for one hour and was subsequently cleaned in a reducing atmosphere -to remove accumulated surface oxide. The strip was then hydrodynamically drawn to achieve a 5% reduction and to provide the desired temper for further processing. The strip possessed the final dimension comprising a ma~or thickness of 0.109" and a final channel depth of 0.039".
After drawing, the'strip was further processed by shaving to confer the final cross sectional configuration as shown ln Figure 6. Four V-shaped grooves were placed in the channel area of the strip which possessed depths measuring 10% of the thickness of the channel by a shaving operation which was conducted in one pass. The four grooves were provlded by shaving as the tooling necessary for the provision of the grooves by hydrodynamic drawing was prohibitive in cost and effort. The resulting strip product possessed improved strength and tolerance conformity over similar product produced by conventional processing.
'~ From the above, it can be seen that the present method is adaptable to a wide variation in sequence to , account for specific multiple gauge configuration.
Likewise, the respective operations may be conducted in ~, --1 9--.
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either a continuous manner, or sequentially whereby intermediate metal treatment steps may be conducted.
. Though particular apparatus has been disclosed and suggested herein, it is to be understood that the present lnvention may be practiced on apparatus of variations in deslgn which is suitable for the achievement of the ob~ecti~es disclosed herein.

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Claims (14)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A method for the production of a multiple gauge metal strip product of rectangular cross section possessing regions of two or more variable thicknesses providing a generally stepped surface configuration, said method comprising:
shaving said strip by drawing said strip while under back tension through a shaving apparatus whereby surface reduction of the strip is confined to an area comprising from about 5 to about 50% of total surface area, and volume removal of strip material ranges from about 10 to about 60% as measured in relation to initial strip cross sectional area; and drawing the shaved strip through a die defining said rectangular cross section wherein direct surface-to-surface contact between said strip and said die is prevented, the width dimension of said strip is unchanged and the ratio of strip surface to strip cross sectional area changes by at least 30%.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said surface reduction ranges from 10 to 40% and said volume removal ranges from about 15 to 50%.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein, prior to shaving said strip, said shaving apparatus is adjusted to achieve the maximum possible stock removal per pass, said maximum stock removal being determined in relation to the yield strength of said strip.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein said adjustments comprise the adjustment of the cutting depth and the rake angle of a shaving tool in said apparatus.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the said rake angle ranges from about 2.5° to about 25° determined with respect to the vertical plane.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the said rake angle ranges from about 5 to about 18°.

7. The method of claim 4 wherein said adjustments further comprise the fine adjustment of both the horizontal and the vertical dimensions of the position of said shaving tool in relation to the incoming strip.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said shaving is conducted in more than one pass.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein said shaving is conducted in one pass.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein said strip undergoes reduction taken on the broad surfaces thereof during said drawing step.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein said change of the ratio of strip surface to strip cross sectional area occurring during said drawing step comprises an increase.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein said ratio changes by an amount ranging from 30 to 50%.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein said drawing employs hydrodynamic lubrication and achieves one pass cross sectional reductions ranging from 39 to 55%.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein during the said drawing step, reductions in the thickness of the strip are effected uniformly across the width of the strip.