CA1037885A - Integrally threaded adapters for filament wound composites - Google Patents
Integrally threaded adapters for filament wound compositesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1037885A CA1037885A CA210,315A CA210315A CA1037885A CA 1037885 A CA1037885 A CA 1037885A CA 210315 A CA210315 A CA 210315A CA 1037885 A CA1037885 A CA 1037885A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- adapter
- filament
- vessel
- opening
- filament wound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/08—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using solid propellants
- F02K9/32—Constructional parts; Details not otherwise provided for
- F02K9/34—Casings; Combustion chambers; Liners thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J12/00—Pressure vessels in general
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
- F05D2250/28—Three-dimensional patterned
- F05D2250/281—Three-dimensional patterned threaded
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
- F17C2209/2154—Winding
- F17C2209/2163—Winding with a mandrel
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
INTEGRALLY THREADED ADAPTERS FOR FILAMENT WOUND COMPOSITES
Abstract of the Disclosure The invention is a high pressure, lightweight, integral threaded polar adapter for filament wound composite pressure vessels.
Abstract of the Disclosure The invention is a high pressure, lightweight, integral threaded polar adapter for filament wound composite pressure vessels.
Description
1037~5 This invention is directed to the problem of attaching accessories to the polar openings of composite filament wound cylindrical pressure vessels.
Most filament wound composite pressure vessels require polar openings at one or both ends for winding and/or attachment purposes. Filament wound composite rocket motors generally have forward and aft polar openings for access to the chamber interior and attachment of igniters, nozzles and/or auxiliary equipment. The method of attachment to any composite structure is a difficult structural problem. In the past, a metal flanged collar or polar adapter -~
transferred internal pressure loads and attachment loads to the filament wound composite. This invention, a threaded adapter combined with the vessel chamber, el;minates the need for the conventional metal adapter, thus reducing weight and cost, and providing more usable space envelope, increasing reliability and shortening manufacturing time previously required for metal adapters that require high quality forging, long lead time and corresponding cost. Our co-pending Canadian patent application No. 191,602 discloses a composite filament wound vessel which is a combined chamber and adapter which is unitary in the sense that the 'adapter' as such is not a member separate from but is a reinforced part of the structure of the chamber. The unitary -~
adapter of this vessel includes integral bolts or openings for bolts for ~ -purposes of attachment of auxiliary apparatus to the chamber. The present invention provides, for a filament wound composite vessel, an adapter which ;
is unitary in the abovementioned sense and is integrally threaded, and which !~' . . . . .
totally eliminates metal bolts, studs or fasteners. The present invention eliminates the problem of chemical and/or stress corrosion of metal. The integrally threaded construction supplants the adapter construction of patent application No. 191,602 from the standpoints of decreased weight, cost, and complexity of manufacture and of increased reliability.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a combined filament reinforced adapter for filament wound composite vessels.
.
' '.- ' ;: 1037~t35 It is another object of the present invention to provide means of attachment to polar openings of composite filament wound high pressure vessels .
- without the use of metal bolts, studs or fasteners.
_ It is the purpose of the present invention to provide a dimensionally stable combined filament reinforced adapter for a filament wound composite ' vessel. To accomplish this purpose the invention provides a chamber-adapter having integral wound-in threads.
,: . .
-~ According to the invention we provide a pressure vessel of unitary ' construction comprising a filament wound chamber wall defining an interior cavity and a polar opening, said wall being reinforced around the polar opening by build-up windings of said filament to provide a dimensionally stable adapter for attachment of chamber accessories to the vessel at the opening, the windings around said polar opening being conformed to provide an internal thread in said opening along the thickness of-she adapter.
The invention will now be further described by way of illustration ~ , with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
;.. , :.
FI~URE 1 shows a partial sectional view of an integrally threaded combined adapter of the invention;
PICURE 2 is a partial sectional view of a conventional filament wound chamber and metal adapter; and FIGURE 3 is a partial sectional view of a combined filament rein-forced composite filament wound rocket1chamber/adapter utili7ing bolts for ~t fastening purposes. ,, ; With continued reference to the drawings, Figure 1 shows an integral threaded adapter of the invention. ~Figure 2 shows the conventional means for , providing an attachment to a composite structure. Specifically, Figure 2 shows the use of a flanged collar 10, commonly called an adapter, whi~hk ,~
transfers the attachment load to the pressure vessel 12. The present invention . . .: ~ .
: eliminates the use of a conventional adapter thereby reducing costs
Most filament wound composite pressure vessels require polar openings at one or both ends for winding and/or attachment purposes. Filament wound composite rocket motors generally have forward and aft polar openings for access to the chamber interior and attachment of igniters, nozzles and/or auxiliary equipment. The method of attachment to any composite structure is a difficult structural problem. In the past, a metal flanged collar or polar adapter -~
transferred internal pressure loads and attachment loads to the filament wound composite. This invention, a threaded adapter combined with the vessel chamber, el;minates the need for the conventional metal adapter, thus reducing weight and cost, and providing more usable space envelope, increasing reliability and shortening manufacturing time previously required for metal adapters that require high quality forging, long lead time and corresponding cost. Our co-pending Canadian patent application No. 191,602 discloses a composite filament wound vessel which is a combined chamber and adapter which is unitary in the sense that the 'adapter' as such is not a member separate from but is a reinforced part of the structure of the chamber. The unitary -~
adapter of this vessel includes integral bolts or openings for bolts for ~ -purposes of attachment of auxiliary apparatus to the chamber. The present invention provides, for a filament wound composite vessel, an adapter which ;
is unitary in the abovementioned sense and is integrally threaded, and which !~' . . . . .
totally eliminates metal bolts, studs or fasteners. The present invention eliminates the problem of chemical and/or stress corrosion of metal. The integrally threaded construction supplants the adapter construction of patent application No. 191,602 from the standpoints of decreased weight, cost, and complexity of manufacture and of increased reliability.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a combined filament reinforced adapter for filament wound composite vessels.
.
' '.- ' ;: 1037~t35 It is another object of the present invention to provide means of attachment to polar openings of composite filament wound high pressure vessels .
- without the use of metal bolts, studs or fasteners.
_ It is the purpose of the present invention to provide a dimensionally stable combined filament reinforced adapter for a filament wound composite ' vessel. To accomplish this purpose the invention provides a chamber-adapter having integral wound-in threads.
,: . .
-~ According to the invention we provide a pressure vessel of unitary ' construction comprising a filament wound chamber wall defining an interior cavity and a polar opening, said wall being reinforced around the polar opening by build-up windings of said filament to provide a dimensionally stable adapter for attachment of chamber accessories to the vessel at the opening, the windings around said polar opening being conformed to provide an internal thread in said opening along the thickness of-she adapter.
The invention will now be further described by way of illustration ~ , with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
;.. , :.
FI~URE 1 shows a partial sectional view of an integrally threaded combined adapter of the invention;
PICURE 2 is a partial sectional view of a conventional filament wound chamber and metal adapter; and FIGURE 3 is a partial sectional view of a combined filament rein-forced composite filament wound rocket1chamber/adapter utili7ing bolts for ~t fastening purposes. ,, ; With continued reference to the drawings, Figure 1 shows an integral threaded adapter of the invention. ~Figure 2 shows the conventional means for , providing an attachment to a composite structure. Specifically, Figure 2 shows the use of a flanged collar 10, commonly called an adapter, whi~hk ,~
transfers the attachment load to the pressure vessel 12. The present invention . . .: ~ .
: eliminates the use of a conventional adapter thereby reducing costs
- 2 -.- .,.
.-:- .: : - , - . : :
~Q378~5 ~ ~
significantly since the conventional adapter is usually made from an ~ expensive, high quality forging. Planning and production time is shortened ~ -- since adapter forgings are long lead-time components.
Figure 3 shows the combined filament reinforced composite filament ~-wound rosket chamber/adapter dis~losed in our patent application No. 191,602.
Bolts or other attaching means 16 are inserted through openings 14 for ;`
- purposes of attachment of auxiliary apparatus to the chamber.
Figure 1 shows filament wound dome 18 formed from the normal helical windings of a composite filament wound vessel. The helical windings 22 are drawn onto mandrel threads (not shown) as`the winding machine (not shown) makes its circuit around the polar opening 20 to form the combined filament reinforced integrally threaded adapter. ~ `
Reinforcement 24 (additional to the integral filament reinforcement ~ . . .
which forms the adapter) in thefform of additional windings, preformed filament wound wafers, impregnated cloth, fibre mats and/or tape may be used for strength, stiffness and/or additional thread engagement over the normal helical reinforcement build-up and may be interspersed between helical layers. -The reinforcements 24 for the adapter are tailored to meet the specific requirements of structural loads on the chamber, for example, high modulus -20materials may be used in the adapter where stiffness and/or strain are j ;
requirements and high strength materials where stress is the primary design criteria.
: Both the inner and outer surfaces of the dome and polar opening may ~: : : .
be contoured by additional filament winding, machining and/or preformed mouldings to accept mating parts as well as flanges and other attachment ~;
devices. ~inding materials and reinforcements may be high or low modulus materials, for example, graphite fibre, Kevlar 49R, boron fibre or fibreglass.
Combinations of different materials may be utilized to effect the proper ` -strength and additional physical characteristics of the threaded adapter.
' :
:' ' . ~ . .. ., . . , , . , . . .. ~, ., . .. . . , .. , ,, , ., ," .; . , :: . - ,~ , .
~37~5 For high pressure vessels high modulus fibre materials such as graphite fibre and Kevlar 49 (Kevlar is a registered Trade Mark) are important for dimensional stability. The filament windings are continuous as opposed to the cut fibre created by drilling the structure to adcommodate holes. The filament windings are wound on a geodesic path (the shortest line between two points on a - mathematically derived surface) for optimum stren~h rather than on a devious path necessitated by winding around pins necessary to form bolt holes. This improves the strength characteristics of the pressure vessel and of the ~-integral adapter.
Thus, it can be seen that a metallic mass may be totally eliminated, -~
which is desirable in space missions making magnetic measurements, and in underwater mine disarming operations. It is known also that it is important to eliminate metal around the polar openings since the existence of material of similar density enhances a nuclear survival capacity. In addition, it can be seen that the use of ahcintegral thread construction decreases the ,. : , number of stress points created by bolt attaching means.
.''~, ;., x ~
~' '' .
',' ' ~ -: -.~, . .
.;,~ ;.
I
; 4 ."' " ; .
, . . .
; ~ ~ - . r 37~t~5 It is understood that the invention is not limited to the precise construction shown, but that changes are contemplated as readily fall within the spirit of the invention and shall be de-termined by the scope of the appended claims.
--, . . .
-~, '- ' "" -,i , , " ' ' :
', ',. ', ' . . ::-,.; . .
, ' , .' ,~ .
: .:
". :
~ .
, . - .
.
, I ',,' .
,., -. ~
. . , .. -. , ,: .
`.` , '' ,~ ." ~,. ..
:~ '`' - '' '' .. . .
, .:
- ~ 5 ~ :
~ :-.. , .- ~ - :,, - , -~ ,, ,. ~ :' : :, ,.' ,
.-:- .: : - , - . : :
~Q378~5 ~ ~
significantly since the conventional adapter is usually made from an ~ expensive, high quality forging. Planning and production time is shortened ~ -- since adapter forgings are long lead-time components.
Figure 3 shows the combined filament reinforced composite filament ~-wound rosket chamber/adapter dis~losed in our patent application No. 191,602.
Bolts or other attaching means 16 are inserted through openings 14 for ;`
- purposes of attachment of auxiliary apparatus to the chamber.
Figure 1 shows filament wound dome 18 formed from the normal helical windings of a composite filament wound vessel. The helical windings 22 are drawn onto mandrel threads (not shown) as`the winding machine (not shown) makes its circuit around the polar opening 20 to form the combined filament reinforced integrally threaded adapter. ~ `
Reinforcement 24 (additional to the integral filament reinforcement ~ . . .
which forms the adapter) in thefform of additional windings, preformed filament wound wafers, impregnated cloth, fibre mats and/or tape may be used for strength, stiffness and/or additional thread engagement over the normal helical reinforcement build-up and may be interspersed between helical layers. -The reinforcements 24 for the adapter are tailored to meet the specific requirements of structural loads on the chamber, for example, high modulus -20materials may be used in the adapter where stiffness and/or strain are j ;
requirements and high strength materials where stress is the primary design criteria.
: Both the inner and outer surfaces of the dome and polar opening may ~: : : .
be contoured by additional filament winding, machining and/or preformed mouldings to accept mating parts as well as flanges and other attachment ~;
devices. ~inding materials and reinforcements may be high or low modulus materials, for example, graphite fibre, Kevlar 49R, boron fibre or fibreglass.
Combinations of different materials may be utilized to effect the proper ` -strength and additional physical characteristics of the threaded adapter.
' :
:' ' . ~ . .. ., . . , , . , . . .. ~, ., . .. . . , .. , ,, , ., ," .; . , :: . - ,~ , .
~37~5 For high pressure vessels high modulus fibre materials such as graphite fibre and Kevlar 49 (Kevlar is a registered Trade Mark) are important for dimensional stability. The filament windings are continuous as opposed to the cut fibre created by drilling the structure to adcommodate holes. The filament windings are wound on a geodesic path (the shortest line between two points on a - mathematically derived surface) for optimum stren~h rather than on a devious path necessitated by winding around pins necessary to form bolt holes. This improves the strength characteristics of the pressure vessel and of the ~-integral adapter.
Thus, it can be seen that a metallic mass may be totally eliminated, -~
which is desirable in space missions making magnetic measurements, and in underwater mine disarming operations. It is known also that it is important to eliminate metal around the polar openings since the existence of material of similar density enhances a nuclear survival capacity. In addition, it can be seen that the use of ahcintegral thread construction decreases the ,. : , number of stress points created by bolt attaching means.
.''~, ;., x ~
~' '' .
',' ' ~ -: -.~, . .
.;,~ ;.
I
; 4 ."' " ; .
, . . .
; ~ ~ - . r 37~t~5 It is understood that the invention is not limited to the precise construction shown, but that changes are contemplated as readily fall within the spirit of the invention and shall be de-termined by the scope of the appended claims.
--, . . .
-~, '- ' "" -,i , , " ' ' :
', ',. ', ' . . ::-,.; . .
, ' , .' ,~ .
: .:
". :
~ .
, . - .
.
, I ',,' .
,., -. ~
. . , .. -. , ,: .
`.` , '' ,~ ." ~,. ..
:~ '`' - '' '' .. . .
, .:
- ~ 5 ~ :
~ :-.. , .- ~ - :,, - , -~ ,, ,. ~ :' : :, ,.' ,
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A pressure vessel of unitary construction comprising a filament wound chamber wall defining an interior cavity and a polar opening, said wall being reinforced around the polar opening by buildup windings of said filament to provide a dimensionally stable adapter for attachment of chamber accessories to the vessel at the opening, the windings around said polar opening being con-formed to provide an internal thread in said opening along the thickness of the adapter.
2. A vessel according to Claim 1, wherein said filament is high modulus fiber material.
3. A vessel according to Claim 2, wherein said polar opening is further reinforced by mats of high modulus fiber material interspersed between layers of helical windings forming the vessel.
4. A vessel according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said windings around the polar opening are wound on a geodesic path.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US41655273A | 1973-11-16 | 1973-11-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1037885A true CA1037885A (en) | 1978-09-05 |
Family
ID=23650408
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA210,315A Expired CA1037885A (en) | 1973-11-16 | 1974-09-30 | Integrally threaded adapters for filament wound composites |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1037885A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2251756B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1453680A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2402853A1 (en) * | 1977-09-09 | 1979-04-06 | Serat | WEAPON SYSTEM, ESPECIALLY INFANTRY ANTICHAR |
| US4602480A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1986-07-29 | Hercules Incorporated | Threaded polar openings for composite pressure vessels |
| US4732634A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1988-03-22 | Hercules Incorporated | Method of forming threaded polar openings for composite pressure vessels |
| FR2572330B1 (en) * | 1984-10-26 | 1987-05-22 | Milhau Alain | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PERFORMING A WALL CROSSING IN A ROUND-SHAPED ENCLOSURE SUCH AS A TANK OR THE LIKE. |
| US4637435A (en) * | 1985-08-08 | 1987-01-20 | Essef Corporation | Antiseal arrangement for hydropneumatic pressure tanks |
| CN102022532A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-04-20 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Watertight interface of composite material high pressure vessel |
-
1974
- 1974-09-30 CA CA210,315A patent/CA1037885A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-10-24 FR FR7440593A patent/FR2251756B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-11-15 GB GB4950774A patent/GB1453680A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1453680A (en) | 1976-10-27 |
| FR2251756A1 (en) | 1975-06-13 |
| FR2251756B1 (en) | 1980-08-01 |
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