BR9811166A - Processo para a preparação de um triéster de fosforotioato, h-fosfonato, e, processo para a produção de um oligonucleotìdeo h-fosfonato - Google Patents
Processo para a preparação de um triéster de fosforotioato, h-fosfonato, e, processo para a produção de um oligonucleotìdeo h-fosfonatoInfo
- Publication number
- BR9811166A BR9811166A BR9811166-3A BR9811166A BR9811166A BR 9811166 A BR9811166 A BR 9811166A BR 9811166 A BR9811166 A BR 9811166A BR 9811166 A BR9811166 A BR 9811166A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- phosphonate
- preparation
- production
- triester
- phosphorothioate
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 6
- -1 phosphorothioate triester Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 6
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
- C07D265/30—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings
- C07D265/32—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings with oxygen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D265/33—Two oxygen atoms, in positions 3 and 5
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with hetero atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/48—Sulfur atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
- C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
- C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
- C07F9/18—Esters of thiophosphoric acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H11/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by inorganic acids; Metal salts thereof
- C07H11/04—Phosphates; Phosphites; Polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
- C07H19/10—Pyrimidine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
- C07H19/20—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
"PROCESSO PARA A PREPARAçãO DE UM TRIéSTER DE FOSFOROTIOATO, H-FOSFONATO, E, PROCESSO PARA A PRODUçãO DE UM OLIGONUCLEOTìDEO H-FOSFONATO". Um processo para a síntese em fase de solução de um triéster de fosforotioato é fornecido. O processo compreende a ligação da fase de solução de um fosfonato de H com um álcool na presença de um agente de ligação para formar um diéster de fosfonato de H. O diéster de fosfonato de H é oxidado in situ com um agente de transferência de enxofre para produzir o triéster de fosforotioato. Preferivelmente, o fosfonato de H e o álcool são nucleosídeos ou oligonucleotídeos protegidos. Os oligonucleotídeos fosfonatos de H que podem ser usados na formação de triésteres de fosforotioato também são fornecidos.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9717158.1A GB9717158D0 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 1997-08-13 | Solution synthesis of oligonucleotides and their phosphorothioate analogues |
| PCT/GB1998/002407 WO1999009041A2 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 1998-08-10 | Solution phase synthesis of oligonucleotides |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BR9811166A true BR9811166A (pt) | 2000-07-25 |
Family
ID=10817430
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR9811166-3A BR9811166A (pt) | 1997-08-13 | 1998-08-10 | Processo para a preparação de um triéster de fosforotioato, h-fosfonato, e, processo para a produção de um oligonucleotìdeo h-fosfonato |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6506894B1 (pt) |
| EP (2) | EP1003758B1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JP2001515086A (pt) |
| KR (1) | KR20010022840A (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN1231492C (pt) |
| AT (1) | ATE236916T1 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR9811166A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2300874A1 (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE69813243T2 (pt) |
| DK (1) | DK1003758T3 (pt) |
| EA (1) | EA003091B1 (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2197491T3 (pt) |
| GB (1) | GB9717158D0 (pt) |
| HU (1) | HUP0002684A3 (pt) |
| IL (1) | IL134517A (pt) |
| IN (1) | IN190784B (pt) |
| NO (1) | NO20000690L (pt) |
| NZ (1) | NZ502684A (pt) |
| PL (1) | PL338888A1 (pt) |
| TR (1) | TR200000384T2 (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO1999009041A2 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9924285D0 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 1999-12-15 | Avecia Ltd | Process |
| GB0004889D0 (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-19 | Avecia Ltd | Synthesis of oligonucleotides |
| AU2002339175A1 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-06-10 | Avecia Biotechnology Inc. | Coupling reagent for h-phosphonate chemistry |
| EP1476407A2 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2004-11-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | Methods of producing phosphitylated compounds |
| GB0209539D0 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2002-06-05 | Avecia Ltd | Monomer Polymer and process |
| WO2005077966A1 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-08-25 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Substituted pixyl protecting groups for oligonucleotide synthesis |
| ES2616051T3 (es) | 2008-12-02 | 2017-06-09 | Wave Life Sciences Japan, Inc. | Método para la síntesis de ácidos nucleicos modificados en el átomo de fósforo |
| US8272150B2 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2012-09-25 | Speedplay, Inc. | Shoe sole mounting standard for bicycle cleat |
| CA2747999A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-07-01 | Girindus America, Inc. | Sulfurizing reagents and their use for oligonucleotides synthesis |
| JP5998326B2 (ja) | 2009-07-06 | 2016-09-28 | ウェイブ ライフ サイエンス リミテッドＷａｖｅ Ｌｉｆｅ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ Ｌｔｄ． | 新規核酸プロドラッグおよびその使用方法 |
| EP2588487B1 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2014-01-29 | Girindus America, Inc. | A new method of using n-thio compounds for oligonucleotide synthesis |
| US10428019B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2019-10-01 | Wave Life Sciences Ltd. | Chiral auxiliaries |
| EP3248982A1 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2017-11-29 | Wave Life Sciences Ltd. | Thiosulfonate reagents for the synthesis of functionalized nucleic acids |
| US20140179875A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2014-06-26 | Girindus America, Inc. | Sulfurization reagents on solid supports |
| SG11201500239VA (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2015-03-30 | Wave Life Sciences Japan | Asymmetric auxiliary group |
| KR101835401B1 (ko) | 2012-07-13 | 2018-03-08 | 신 니뽄 바이오메디칼 라보라토리즈, 엘티디. | 키랄 핵산 어쥬번트 |
| PL2872147T3 (pl) | 2012-07-13 | 2023-09-25 | Wave Life Sciences Ltd. | Sposób wytwarzania chiralnych oligonukleotydów |
| WO2014085471A1 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-06-05 | Prognosdx Health, Inc. | Acid-activated compositions for the treatment of cancers, methods of their use and methods of their preparation |
| US10322173B2 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2019-06-18 | Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. | Chiral nucleic acid adjuvant having anti-allergic activity, and anti-allergic agent |
| WO2015108048A1 (ja) | 2014-01-15 | 2015-07-23 | 株式会社新日本科学 | 抗腫瘍作用を有するキラル核酸アジュバンド及び抗腫瘍剤 |
| JPWO2015108047A1 (ja) | 2014-01-15 | 2017-03-23 | 株式会社新日本科学 | 免疫誘導活性を有するキラル核酸アジュバンド及び免疫誘導活性剤 |
| SG10201912897UA (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2020-02-27 | Wave Life Sciences Ltd | Chiral design |
| WO2018215049A1 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-11-29 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Process for galnac oligonucleotide conjugates |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3444300A (en) * | 1964-05-05 | 1969-05-13 | Chevron Res | N-polyhaloalkylthio compounds as fungicidal agents |
| FR1519704A (fr) * | 1967-02-14 | 1968-04-05 | Roussel Uclaf | Nouveaux composés dithiocarbamiques hétérocycliques et procédé de préparation |
| US3546185A (en) | 1968-03-20 | 1970-12-08 | Monsanto Co | Inhibiting premature vulcanization of diene rubbers |
| US5149798A (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1992-09-22 | Worcester Foundation For Experimental Biology | Process for synthesizing oligonucleotides and their analogs adaptable to large scale syntheses |
| NZ261480A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1997-05-26 | Hybridon Inc | Preparation of dimeric nucleotide derivatives containing phosphonothionate internucleotide linkages |
| GB9501465D0 (en) | 1995-01-25 | 1995-03-15 | King S College London | Nucleoside phosphorothioate derivatives,synthesis and use thereof |
| GB0004889D0 (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-19 | Avecia Ltd | Synthesis of oligonucleotides |
-
1997
- 1997-08-13 GB GBGB9717158.1A patent/GB9717158D0/en active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-08-10 CA CA002300874A patent/CA2300874A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-08-10 EA EA200000211A patent/EA003091B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-10 AT AT98938782T patent/ATE236916T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-10 DE DE69813243T patent/DE69813243T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-10 EP EP98938782A patent/EP1003758B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-10 BR BR9811166-3A patent/BR9811166A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-10 DK DK98938782T patent/DK1003758T3/da active
- 1998-08-10 TR TR2000/00384T patent/TR200000384T2/xx unknown
- 1998-08-10 PL PL98338888A patent/PL338888A1/xx unknown
- 1998-08-10 WO PCT/GB1998/002407 patent/WO1999009041A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-08-10 NZ NZ502684A patent/NZ502684A/xx unknown
- 1998-08-10 JP JP2000509720A patent/JP2001515086A/ja active Pending
- 1998-08-10 US US09/485,606 patent/US6506894B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-10 EP EP03007651A patent/EP1325927A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-08-10 CN CNB988099314A patent/CN1231492C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-10 HU HU0002684A patent/HUP0002684A3/hu unknown
- 1998-08-10 ES ES98938782T patent/ES2197491T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-10 KR KR1020007001442A patent/KR20010022840A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1998-08-10 IL IL13451798A patent/IL134517A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-08-12 IN IN2353DE1998 patent/IN190784B/en unknown
-
2000
- 2000-02-11 NO NO20000690A patent/NO20000690L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-11-15 US US10/294,794 patent/US7019127B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-06-28 US US11/167,145 patent/US20050240015A1/en not_active Abandoned
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