BR9506522A - Trilho de aço perlítico que tem excelente resisténcia ao desgaste e método de produção do mesmo - Google Patents
Trilho de aço perlítico que tem excelente resisténcia ao desgaste e método de produção do mesmoInfo
- Publication number
- BR9506522A BR9506522A BR9506522A BR9506522A BR9506522A BR 9506522 A BR9506522 A BR 9506522A BR 9506522 A BR9506522 A BR 9506522A BR 9506522 A BR9506522 A BR 9506522A BR 9506522 A BR9506522 A BR 9506522A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- production method
- wear resistance
- steel rail
- excellent wear
- perlitic steel
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/84—Controlled slow cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP06280916A JP3078461B2 (ja) | 1994-11-15 | 1994-11-15 | 高耐摩耗パーライト系レール |
JP4675395A JPH08246100A (ja) | 1995-03-07 | 1995-03-07 | 耐摩耗性に優れたパーライト系レールおよびその製造法 |
JP4675495A JPH08246101A (ja) | 1995-03-07 | 1995-03-07 | 耐摩耗性・耐損傷性に優れたパーライト系レールおよびその製造法 |
JP07270336A JP3113184B2 (ja) | 1995-10-18 | 1995-10-18 | 耐摩耗性に優れたパーライトレールの製造法 |
PCT/JP1995/002312 WO1996015282A1 (fr) | 1994-11-15 | 1995-11-13 | Rail en perlite a forte resistance a l'abrasion et procede de fabrication de ce rail |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BR9506522A true BR9506522A (pt) | 1997-09-02 |
Family
ID=27461930
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BR9506522A BR9506522A (pt) | 1994-11-15 | 1995-11-13 | Trilho de aço perlítico que tem excelente resisténcia ao desgaste e método de produção do mesmo |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US5762723A (pt) |
EP (1) | EP0754775B1 (pt) |
KR (1) | KR100202251B1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN1044826C (pt) |
BR (1) | BR9506522A (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2181058C (pt) |
DE (1) | DE69523149T2 (pt) |
RU (1) | RU2112051C1 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO1996015282A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (41)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5762723A (en) | 1994-11-15 | 1998-06-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Pearlitic steel rail having excellent wear resistance and method of producing the same |
DE69629161T2 (de) * | 1995-03-14 | 2004-04-15 | Nippon Steel Corp. | Verfahren zur herstellung von schienen mit hohem verschleisswiderstand und hohem widerstand gegen innere defekte |
US6783609B2 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2004-08-31 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | High-carbon steel wire rod with superior drawability and method for production thereof |
CN1304618C (zh) | 2002-04-05 | 2007-03-14 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 耐磨性和延性优良的珠光体系钢轨及其制造方法 |
US7288159B2 (en) | 2002-04-10 | 2007-10-30 | Cf&I Steel, L.P. | High impact and wear resistant steel |
US7217329B2 (en) * | 2002-08-26 | 2007-05-15 | Cf&I Steel | Carbon-titanium steel rail |
CA2645858C (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2014-05-20 | Jfe Steel Corporation | High-strength pearlitic steel rail having excellent delayed fracture properties |
JP5145795B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-24 | 2013-02-20 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 耐摩耗性および延性に優れたパーライト系レールの製造方法 |
AU2008235820B8 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2011-01-20 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Internal high hardness type pearlitic rail with excellent wear resistance and rolling contact fatigue resistance and method for producing same |
US7591909B2 (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2009-09-22 | Transportation Technology Center, Inc. | Railroad wheel steels having improved resistance to rolling contact fatigue |
PL2343390T3 (pl) * | 2008-10-31 | 2016-01-29 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | Szyna perlityczna mająca lepszą odporność na ścieranie i doskonałą odporność na obciążenia dynamiczne |
KR101363717B1 (ko) * | 2009-02-18 | 2014-02-17 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | 내마모성 및 인성이 우수한 펄라이트계 레일 |
CN102803536B (zh) * | 2009-06-26 | 2015-01-28 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 延展性优良的珠光体系高碳钢钢轨及其制造方法 |
CA2744992C (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2014-02-11 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Pearlite rail |
EP2495064A4 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2017-07-19 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Flash-butt welding method for rail steel |
US8241442B2 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-08-14 | Arcelormittal Investigacion Y Desarrollo, S.L. | Method of making a hypereutectoid, head-hardened steel rail |
US20110189047A1 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-04 | Transportation Technology Center, Inc. | Railroad rail steels resistant to rolling contact fatigue |
AU2011262876B2 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2016-02-04 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel rail and method of manufacturing the same |
CN101921950B (zh) * | 2010-09-02 | 2011-12-14 | 攀钢集团有限公司 | 用于高速和准高速铁路的钢轨及其制造方法 |
KR101342487B1 (ko) | 2011-06-29 | 2013-12-17 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | 층상 구조를 구비한 강판의 제조 방법 |
EP2674504A1 (en) | 2012-06-11 | 2013-12-18 | Siemens S.p.A. | Method and system for thermal treatments of rails |
JP5482974B1 (ja) * | 2012-06-14 | 2014-05-07 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | レール |
CN103898303B (zh) * | 2012-12-31 | 2016-06-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 一种道岔轨的热处理方法和道岔轨 |
MX2016013422A (es) * | 2014-04-17 | 2017-05-30 | Evraz Inc Na Canada | Riel con alto contenido de acero al carbono con ductibilidad mejorada. |
US9670570B2 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2017-06-06 | Evraz Inc. Na Canada | High carbon steel rail with enhanced ductility |
CN104032222B (zh) | 2014-06-24 | 2016-04-06 | 燕山大学 | 纳米珠光体钢轨的制备方法 |
CN104060075B (zh) * | 2014-07-14 | 2016-05-04 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 提高钢轨硬化层深度的热处理方法 |
EP3199255B1 (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2020-07-22 | JFE Steel Corporation | Rail manufacturing method and rail manufacturing apparatus |
CN105018705B (zh) | 2015-08-11 | 2017-12-15 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 一种过共析钢轨及其制备方法 |
CN107520529B (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-10-11 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | 136re+ss热处理钢轨移动闪光焊接的方法 |
CA3094798C (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2022-07-19 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Rail and method for manufacturing same |
AU2019242158B2 (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2021-08-05 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Rail and method for manufacturing same |
AT521405B1 (de) * | 2018-07-10 | 2021-09-15 | Voestalpine Schienen Gmbh | Gleisteil aus einem hypereutektoiden Stahl |
CN109355481A (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-02-19 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 槽型钢轨闪光焊接头焊后热处理方法 |
CN113195754B (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2023-10-20 | 安赛乐米塔尔公司 | 制造具有高强度底座的t型轨的方法 |
CN111411208A (zh) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-14 | 内蒙古科技大学 | 一种减少过共析钢轨网状渗碳体析出的热处理方法 |
CN112267063A (zh) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-26 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | 一种耐磨热轧钢轨及其生产方法 |
CN112301200A (zh) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-02-02 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 一种具有抗延迟断裂性能的钢轨及其制备方法 |
CN116472358A (zh) * | 2020-11-17 | 2023-07-21 | 安赛乐米塔尔公司 | 导轨用钢及其导轨的制造方法 |
CN113210820B (zh) * | 2021-04-25 | 2023-03-21 | 成都交大焊接科技有限公司 | 一种闪光焊接方法 |
CN113817911A (zh) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-21 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 一种制备具有低脱碳层的钢轨的方法 |
Family Cites Families (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2109121A5 (pt) | 1970-10-02 | 1972-05-26 | Wendel Sidelor | |
JPS477606U (pt) | 1971-02-18 | 1972-09-28 | ||
US3846183A (en) | 1973-05-02 | 1974-11-05 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method of treating steel rail |
DE2439338C2 (de) | 1974-08-16 | 1980-08-28 | Fried. Krupp, Huettenwerke Ag, 4630 Bochum | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Schienen aus der Walzhitze |
JPS5425490A (en) * | 1977-07-28 | 1979-02-26 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Expansion joint of conductor |
JPS54148124A (en) | 1978-05-12 | 1979-11-20 | Nippon Steel Corp | Manufacture of high strength rall of excellent weldability |
JPS5919173B2 (ja) | 1979-03-17 | 1984-05-02 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 溶接性低合金熱処理硬頭レ−ルの製造法 |
JPS57198216A (en) | 1981-05-27 | 1982-12-04 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Manufacture of high-strength rail |
JPS5919173A (ja) * | 1982-07-23 | 1984-01-31 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | ドツトラインプリンタにおける印字ヘツド |
LU84417A1 (fr) | 1982-10-11 | 1984-05-10 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | Procede perfectionne pour la fabrication de rails et rails obtenus par ce procede |
DE3446794C1 (de) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-01-02 | BWG Butzbacher Weichenbau GmbH, 6308 Butzbach | Verfahren zur Waermebehandlung perlitischer Schienenstaehle |
EP0186373B1 (en) | 1984-12-24 | 1990-09-12 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method of and apparatus for heat treating rails |
JPS6256524A (ja) | 1985-09-06 | 1987-03-12 | Nippon Steel Corp | 溶接性を付与した高強度レ−ルの製造法 |
JPS62127453A (ja) | 1985-11-26 | 1987-06-09 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | 延性及び靭性に優れた高性能レールの製造方法 |
GB8600533D0 (en) | 1986-01-10 | 1986-02-19 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Manufacturing pearlitic steel wire |
JPS6362846A (ja) | 1986-09-03 | 1988-03-19 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | 溶接部の耐軟化性に優れた低合金高強度レ−ル |
JPS6382846A (ja) | 1986-09-26 | 1988-04-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | ヘツドライニングの固定構造 |
US4886558A (en) | 1987-05-28 | 1989-12-12 | Nkk Corporation | Method for heat-treating steel rail head |
JPH02186373A (ja) | 1989-01-12 | 1990-07-20 | Canon Inc | トナー補給装置 |
AT395122B (de) | 1990-07-20 | 1992-09-25 | Voest Alpine Eisenbahnsysteme | Verfahren zur verbindung von aus manganhartstahlguss bestehenden weichenteilen bzw. manganstahlschienen mit einer schiene aus kohlenstoffstahl |
US5209792A (en) | 1990-07-30 | 1993-05-11 | Nkk Corporation | High-strength, damage-resistant rail |
SU1839687A3 (en) | 1990-07-30 | 1993-12-30 | Berlington Nortern Rejlroad Ko | Rail, method for its manufacturing and method of its cooling inspection |
JP2601741B2 (ja) * | 1991-12-18 | 1997-04-16 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | レ−ルの補修溶接方法 |
JP2685381B2 (ja) | 1991-12-27 | 1997-12-03 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 耐表面損傷・高寿命レール |
JP3153618B2 (ja) | 1992-04-21 | 2001-04-09 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 過共析鋼線材の製造方法 |
JP2544867B2 (ja) | 1992-04-21 | 1996-10-16 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 過共析鋼線材の製造方法 |
AT399346B (de) | 1992-07-15 | 1995-04-25 | Voest Alpine Schienen Gmbh | Verfahren zum w[rmebehandeln von schienen |
DE9302314U1 (de) | 1993-02-17 | 1993-04-22 | Emhart Inc., Newark, Del. | Einstallbare Stoppvorrichtung |
JPH06279925A (ja) | 1993-03-23 | 1994-10-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | 耐ころがり疲労損傷性に優れた高強度レールおよびその製造法 |
JPH06279928A (ja) | 1993-03-29 | 1994-10-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | 靭性および延性に優れた高強度レールおよびその製造法 |
GB9310854D0 (en) | 1993-05-26 | 1993-07-14 | Asw Ltd | Steel bars and rods and manufacturing process |
JP2983803B2 (ja) | 1993-07-28 | 1999-11-29 | 日本車輌製造株式会社 | 漏電遮断装置 |
JPH0746754A (ja) | 1993-07-28 | 1995-02-14 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 開閉機器の開閉位置検出装置 |
JPH08109440A (ja) | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | パーライト金属組織を呈した高靭性レール |
JP3081116B2 (ja) | 1994-10-07 | 2000-08-28 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | パーライト金属組織を呈した高耐摩耗レール |
RU2107740C1 (ru) | 1993-12-20 | 1998-03-27 | Ниппон Стил Корпорейшн | Рельс из перлитной стали с высокой износостойкостью и ударной вязкостью и способ его производства |
JPH07270336A (ja) | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-20 | Nippon Seiko Kk | 欠陥検査装置 |
US5762723A (en) | 1994-11-15 | 1998-06-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Pearlitic steel rail having excellent wear resistance and method of producing the same |
JP3340356B2 (ja) | 1997-07-31 | 2002-11-05 | 東レエンジニアリング株式会社 | バイオリアクターおよび排水処理設備 |
-
1995
- 1995-11-13 US US08/676,159 patent/US5762723A/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-11-13 US US11/561,654 patent/USRE41033E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-13 US US12/474,137 patent/USRE42360E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-13 KR KR1019960703803A patent/KR100202251B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-13 DE DE69523149T patent/DE69523149T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1995-11-13 CN CN95191600A patent/CN1044826C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-13 RU RU96116891A patent/RU2112051C1/ru active
- 1995-11-13 BR BR9506522A patent/BR9506522A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-13 WO PCT/JP1995/002312 patent/WO1996015282A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-13 CA CA002181058A patent/CA2181058C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-13 US US12/893,741 patent/USRE42668E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-13 EP EP95936781A patent/EP0754775B1/en not_active Revoked
-
1996
- 1996-07-15 US US10/974,048 patent/USRE40263E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
USRE42360E1 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
AU3856495A (en) | 1996-06-06 |
USRE40263E1 (en) | 2008-04-29 |
EP0754775B1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
DE69523149T2 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
DE69523149D1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
CN1140473A (zh) | 1997-01-15 |
US5762723A (en) | 1998-06-09 |
USRE41033E1 (en) | 2009-12-08 |
KR100202251B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
WO1996015282A1 (fr) | 1996-05-23 |
AU687648B2 (en) | 1998-02-26 |
RU2112051C1 (ru) | 1998-05-27 |
CN1044826C (zh) | 1999-08-25 |
EP0754775A1 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
CA2181058A1 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
EP0754775A4 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
USRE42668E1 (en) | 2011-09-06 |
KR970700783A (ko) | 1997-02-12 |
CA2181058C (en) | 2000-11-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
BR9506522A (pt) | Trilho de aço perlítico que tem excelente resisténcia ao desgaste e método de produção do mesmo | |
BR9702137A (pt) | Método de produção de aço brando ao al isento de cachos | |
EP0842715A4 (en) | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES WITHOUT WELDING | |
PL331894A1 (en) | Steel railroad cross-ties and method of making them | |
DE69526645T2 (de) | Langlebiger induktionsgehärteter lagerstahl | |
DE69705688D1 (de) | Kornorientiertes elektromagnetisches Stahlblech und dessen Herstellungsverfahren | |
BR9608995A (pt) | Trilho de aço perlitico de baixa liga submetido a tratamento térmico excelente em resisténcia ao desgaste e soldabilidade e processo para a produção do mesmo | |
FI954861A0 (fi) | Ripustettu vaunu ja kiskoon liittyvä menetelmä | |
BR9605933A (pt) | Trilho de aço tendo excelente resistência ao desgate e resistência de ruptura interna e método de produção do mesmo | |
EP0980915A4 (en) | STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCT HAVING IMPROVED ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF | |
NO971434D0 (no) | Martensittstål for korrosjonsfast og sveisbar rörledning | |
DE69727689D1 (de) | Zusammensetzung für und verfahren zur metallverformung | |
GB2289231B (en) | High-adhesion/high-strength deformed steel bar and method for manufacturing the same | |
BR9606233A (pt) | Método para laminação de aço para perfil que tem flange e alma e linha de laminação para o mesmo | |
BR9711578A (pt) | Lubrificante para hipercompressor e processo de obten-Æo | |
DE69712757D1 (de) | Elektromagnetisch bidirektionale stahlplatte und verfahren zu deren herstellung | |
HUP9801908A3 (en) | Ferritic steel, method for its production and its use | |
GB9520947D0 (en) | Bearing steel | |
EP0611810A3 (en) | Steel strip coated with an organic layer suitable for electrolytic coating and resistant to corrosion and method of preparation. | |
BR9707159A (pt) | Método e instalação para produzir ferro reduzido | |
DE69526944T2 (de) | Polyacetal-zusammensetzungen und verfahren zur verbesserung der verschleissfestigkeit und verminderung der reibung davon | |
ATA21897A (de) | Verfahren und anlage zur herstellung von flüssigem roheisen oder flüssigen stahlvorprodukten | |
ATA177996A (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von flüssigem roheisen oder stahlvorprodukten sowie anlage zur durchführung des verfahrens | |
EP0707088A4 (en) | CARBON-RICH STEEL BAR AND STEEL WIRE HAVING EXCELLENT MACHINABILITY IN DRAWING AND THEIR PRODUCTION METHOD | |
ZA9562B (en) | Method and device for quenching particularly for steel tubes or similar |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FB36 | Technical and formal requirements: requirement - article 36 of industrial property law | ||
FF | Decision: intention to grant | ||
FG9A | Patent or certificate of addition granted | ||
B25D | Requested change of name of applicant approved |
Owner name: NIPPON STEEL AND SUMITOMO METAL CORPORATION (JP) |
|
B21A | Patent or certificate of addition expired [chapter 21.1 patent gazette] |
Free format text: PATENTE EXTINTA EM 13/11/2015 |