BE888619A - PROCESS FOR HYDROGENOPYROLYSIS OF POWDERY MATERIALS WITH HIGH CARBON CONTENT. - Google Patents

PROCESS FOR HYDROGENOPYROLYSIS OF POWDERY MATERIALS WITH HIGH CARBON CONTENT. Download PDF

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Publication number
BE888619A
BE888619A BE0/204645A BE204645A BE888619A BE 888619 A BE888619 A BE 888619A BE 0/204645 A BE0/204645 A BE 0/204645A BE 204645 A BE204645 A BE 204645A BE 888619 A BE888619 A BE 888619A
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Belgium
Prior art keywords
emi
gases
chamber
installation
takes place
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BE0/204645A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Roald Bingen
Yves Becko
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Acec
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Priority to BE0/204645A priority Critical patent/BE888619A/en
Publication of BE888619A publication Critical patent/BE888619A/en
Priority to EP82200037A priority patent/EP0057029A1/en
Priority to CA000401891A priority patent/CA1181024A/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
    • B01J3/042—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves in the form of a tube
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/463—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension in stationary fluidised beds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0894—Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0966—Hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
    • C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1253—Heating the gasifier by injecting hot gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • C10J2300/1823—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water for synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

       

   <EMI ID=1.1> 

  
CAR801!E

  
Il est connu que l'hydrogénopyrolyse du charbon, des schistes bitumineux et du lignite permet de transformer en produits liquides
(benzène par exemple) les matières volatiles contenues dans la matière pulvérulente injectée dans un réacteur sous pression d'hydrogène et de gazéifier partiellement le carbone en un gaz à haut pouvoir calorifique
(le méthane par exemple). Une installation permettant de réaliser un tel procédé est notamment décrite dans:

R. CYPRES

  
"Hydrogénopyrolyse préalable du charbon brûlé dans les centrales électriques"

  
 <EMI ID=2.1> 

  
1980, Dûsseldorf, vol.II

R. CYPRES & S. FURFARI

  
"Pyrolyse de charbon à basse température sous pression d'hydrogène"

  
 <EMI ID=3.1> 

  
Physique du Charbon", C.E.E., Bruxelles, 24-25 novembre 1980. 

  
Il est aussi connu qu' l'intérêt économique d'un semblable procédé est forcement limité par l'importance des investissements et des technologies à mettre en oeuvre pour la production de l'hydrogène nécessaire car la teneur en hydrogène des combustibles carbonés traités est trop faible pour satisfaire les besoins du procédé et un apport d'hydrogène est toujours nécessaire. 

  
Pour réaliser l'hydrogénopyrolyse de matières pulvérulentes, le procédé suivant la présente invention ne nécessite pas d'unité complémentaire de production d'hydrogène(comme c'était le cas précédemment);

  
il est au contraire caractérisé en ce qu'on recycle partiellement ou totalement les gaz produits lors de l'hydrogênopyrolyse, et en ce qu'on enrichit à haute température ces gaz en hydrogène en faisant appel à des réactions de craquage et de décomposition des hydrocarbures telles que:

  

 <EMI ID=4.1> 
 

  
Ces gaz recyclés enrichis en hydrogène sont réinjectés dans la

  
 <EMI ID=5.1> 

  
Une autre caractéristique de l'invention consiste dans l'utilisaeioa d'une torche à plasma pour chauffer les gaz partiellement ou totalement recyclés afin de provoquer la décomposition partielle ou totale des hydrocarbures contenus dans les gaz recyclés selon les réactions mentionnées ci-dessus ou des réactions analogues.

  
L'invention est décrite ci-dessous par rapport à un exemple d'une forme d'exécution du procédé d'hydrogénopyrolyse dans une installation représentée schématiquement sur l'unique figure du dessin annexé.

  
Sur l'unique figure du dessin, une chambre de réaction 1 est réali- <EMI ID=6.1>  <EMI ID=7.1> 

  
chauds (leur température étant supérieure à 500*C) provenant d'une unité de chauffage 16 décrite ci-après et en charbon pulvérulent provenant d'une installation de broyage 18 alimentée en charbon par un conduit d'injection 19. Ce charbon pulvérulent peut avantageusement être préchauffé dans un réchauffeur d'entrée 15 qui peut aussi servir de silo d'alimentation. Il est ensuite mélangé intimement dans une chambre de mélange 14 aux gaz de réaction, qui doivent avoir une teneur significative en hydrogène. Ces gaz de réaction à haute pression et haute température proviennent du recyclage total ou partiel des gaz de sortie

  
amenés par un conduit 13.

  
A la sortie de la chambre de réaction 1, un cyclone 2 ou tout autre moyen de séparation approprié extrait les résidus solides à haute teneur en carbone via un conduit 3, et via un autre conduit 4, les produits gazeux résultant de l'hydrogénopyrolyse. Le conduit 4 fait passer ces gaz successivement dans un condenseur 5 qui sépare par condensation les hydrocarbures lourds et des hydrocarbures plus légers tels que le benzène et les phénols, ensuite dans un condenseur 6 qui condense la vapeur d' eau et ensuite éventuellement dans une unité 7 de fixation d'anhybride carbonique, des produits sulfurés ou d'autre produits gazeux qu'on désire éliminer des gaz de sortie.

  
Avant de les recomprimer, il peut être avantageux de faire passer les gaz à recycler, composés notamment d'hydrocarbures légers (méthane principalement), d'oxyde de carbone et d'hydrogène, dans un dispositif

  
 <EMI ID=8.1>  

  
enrichir le gaz de recyclage en hydrogène et d'évacuer le gaz appauvri d'hydrogène par un conduit de sortie 9. Il est évident que le débit du conduit 9 sortant de l'installation varie en fonction de la teneur en matières volatiles du charbon injecté.

  
Les gaz de recyclage, éventuellement enrichis en hydrogène à l'aide du dispositif 8 sont envoyés via un conduit 10 pour être comprimés par

  
 <EMI ID=9.1> 

  
sa circulation le gaz de recyclage est réparti au moyen d'une vanne de répartition, non représentée, entre une conduite 12 et une conduite 13.

  
La partie du gaz recycle via la conduite 13 alimente la chambre de mélange J4. La conduite 12 amène l'autre partie du gaz recyclé l'unité de chauffage 16 où a lieu le craquage.

  
Cette unité 16 peut être, dans une première variante, une torche à plasma dans laquelle l'énergie fournie par un arc électrique dissocie le méthane en carbone et hydrogène.

  
Vu le caractère parfois peu réactif de ce carbone, il peut s'avérer intéressant de recycler,via un conduit 6' une partie de l'eau récoltée

  
 <EMI ID=10.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=11.1> 

  
duction d'hydrogène. Cette même injection d'eau peut, en fonction des conditions de travail (température, pression), transformer tout ou par tie de CO en C02 avec également production d'hydrogène.

  
On peut, par un conduit d'injection 17, aussi bien dans l'unité de chauffage 16 que dans le broyeur 18,ajouter des hydrocarbures de peu de valeur comme les goudrons, les résidus de la distillation du pétrole, les huiles usées, qu'il s'agisse d'injection sous forme liquide, solide ou gazeuse.

  
Une autre variante de l'unité 16 productrice d'hydrogène peut être un dispositif de stockage continu ou discontinu de la chaleur, semblable à un COWPER, dans lequel une partie des gaz de sortie est brûlée pour chauffer le solde de gaz recyclé à une température suffisante pour réaliser certaines des réactions décrites ci-avant.

  
Enfin, il peut s'avérer intéressant de combiner ces deux variantes, la torche à plasma étant alimentée par toutou partie des gaz préchauffés grâce au COWPER et ne faisant office que de réacteur chimique grâce à l'ionisation produite par l'arc électrique. la consommation de l'énergie électrique pouvant être ajustée par un choix judicieux de la chaleur de  <EMI ID=12.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=13.1> 

  
gaz produits pour régénérer l'hydrogène nécessaire à l'hydrogènopyrolyse du charbon telle que décrit ici s'applique à d'autres combustibles carbonés tels que, outre le charbon, le lignite, les schistes bitumineux, les terres de terrils, etc.....

  
Il est certain que le recyclage de tout ou partie des gaz produits

  
 <EMI ID=14.1> 

  
énergie d'un semblable procédé; en effet, le processus ayant lieu pour

  
 <EMI ID=15.1> 

  
les gaz pendant le recyclage à travers des échangeurs schématiquement représentés suivant les interfaces gaz/solides (23), gaz/gaz (20,21) et gaz/chambre de réaction (24).

  
De plus, il est possible de regrouper l'ensemble des dispositifs et tuyauteries associés à la recirculation de gaz dans une enceinte soumise à une pression interne égale à la pression majeure des gaz de recirculation, facteur qui facilite grandement le dimensionnement de ces tuyAl1t&#65533;t"ieR.

  
De même, il peut être avantageux de broyer le charbon ou tout autre combustible carboné décrit précédemment dans le broyeur 18 en injectant des hydrocarbures liquides de peu de valeur pour empêcher l'oxydation de la matière pulvérulente, ce qui pourrait être nuisible au bon fonctionnement du procédé et à la production d'hydrocarbure gazeux.En lieu et place des hydrocarbures liquides il est possible aussi d'injecter de l'eau. 

REVENDICATIONS.

  
 <EMI ID=16.1> 

  
une installation comprenant un dispositif d'injection de matières pulvérulentes (15) une chambre de mélange (14) une. chambre de réaction

  
(1),-un dispositif de séparation des produits solides des produits gazeux (2) et un ou plusieurs dispositifs de condensation et/ou d'élimination de composants gazeux (5,6,7),

  
caractérise en ce que la matière pulvérulente est un matériau à haute teneur en carbone et en ce que les hydrocarbures légers produits lors de l'hydrogénopyro lyse sont partiellement ou totalement recycles pour être soumis à un craquage thermique afin de produire l'hydrogène

  
 <EMI ID=17.1> 



   <EMI ID = 1.1>

  
CAR801! E

  
It is known that the hydrogenpyrolysis of coal, oil shales and lignite can transform into liquid products
(benzene for example) the volatile materials contained in the pulverulent material injected into a reactor under hydrogen pressure and partially gasify the carbon into a gas with high calorific value
(methane for example). An installation making it possible to carry out such a process is described in particular in:

R. CYPRES

  
"Prior hydrogen-pyrolysis of burnt coal in power plants"

  
 <EMI ID = 2.1>

  
1980, Düsseldorf, vol. II

R. CYPRES & S. FURFARI

  
"Low temperature coal pyrolysis under hydrogen pressure"

  
 <EMI ID = 3.1>

  
Coal physics ", C.E.E., Brussels, 24-25 November 1980.

  
It is also known that the economic interest of such a process is necessarily limited by the importance of the investments and technologies to be implemented for the production of the necessary hydrogen because the hydrogen content of the treated carbonaceous fuels is too high. low to meet the needs of the process and a supply of hydrogen is always necessary.

  
To carry out hydrogenopyrolysis of pulverulent materials, the process according to the present invention does not require an additional hydrogen production unit (as was the case previously);

  
on the contrary, it is characterized in that the gases produced during the hydrogenpyrolysis are partially or totally recycled, and that these gases are enriched at hydrogen at high temperature by using cracking and decomposition reactions of the hydrocarbons as:

  

 <EMI ID = 4.1>
 

  
These recycled gases enriched in hydrogen are reinjected into the

  
 <EMI ID = 5.1>

  
Another characteristic of the invention consists in the use of a plasma torch for heating partially or totally recycled gases in order to cause the partial or total decomposition of the hydrocarbons contained in the recycled gases according to the reactions mentioned above or analogous reactions.

  
The invention is described below with respect to an example of an embodiment of the hydrogenopyrolysis process in an installation shown schematically in the single figure of the accompanying drawing.

  
In the single figure of the drawing, a reaction chamber 1 is reali- <EMI ID = 6.1> <EMI ID = 7.1>

  
hot (their temperature being greater than 500 ° C.) coming from a heating unit 16 described below and in pulverulent coal coming from a grinding installation 18 supplied with coal by an injection pipe 19. This pulverulent coal can advantageously be preheated in an inlet heater 15 which can also serve as a feed silo. It is then intimately mixed in a mixing chamber 14 with the reaction gases, which must have a significant hydrogen content. These high pressure and high temperature reaction gases come from the total or partial recycling of the outlet gases

  
brought by a conduit 13.

  
At the outlet of the reaction chamber 1, a cyclone 2 or any other suitable separation means extracts the solid residues with a high carbon content via a line 3, and via another line 4, the gaseous products resulting from the hydrogen-pyrolysis. Line 4 passes these gases successively through a condenser 5 which condensates the heavy hydrocarbons from lighter hydrocarbons such as benzene and phenols, then through a condenser 6 which condenses the water vapor and then optionally into a unit 7 for fixing carbon dioxide, sulfur or other gaseous products which it is desired to remove from the outlet gases.

  
Before recompressing them, it may be advantageous to pass the gases to be recycled, composed in particular of light hydrocarbons (mainly methane), carbon monoxide and hydrogen, into a device

  
 <EMI ID = 8.1>

  
enrich the recycling gas with hydrogen and evacuate the hydrogen-depleted gas via an outlet conduit 9. It is obvious that the flow rate of the conduit 9 leaving the installation varies according to the volatile matter content of the injected coal .

  
The recycling gases, possibly enriched in hydrogen using the device 8 are sent via a conduit 10 to be compressed by

  
 <EMI ID = 9.1>

  
its circulation the recycling gas is distributed by means of a distribution valve, not shown, between a line 12 and a line 13.

  
The part of the gas recycled via line 13 feeds the mixing chamber J4. Line 12 brings the other part of the recycled gas to the heating unit 16 where the cracking takes place.

  
This unit 16 can be, in a first variant, a plasma torch in which the energy supplied by an electric arc dissociates the methane into carbon and hydrogen.

  
Given the sometimes not very reactive nature of this carbon, it can be interesting to recycle, via a 6 'conduit, part of the harvested water

  
 <EMI ID = 10.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 11.1>

  
hydrogen duction. This same injection of water can, depending on the working conditions (temperature, pressure), transform all or part of CO into C02 with also production of hydrogen.

  
It is possible, via an injection pipe 17, both in the heating unit 16 and in the grinder 18, to add hydrocarbons of little value such as tars, residues from the distillation of petroleum, used oils, which '' it involves injection in liquid, solid or gaseous form.

  
Another variant of the hydrogen producing unit 16 can be a continuous or discontinuous heat storage device, similar to a COWPER, in which part of the outlet gases is burned to heat the balance of recycled gas to a temperature sufficient to carry out some of the reactions described above.

  
Finally, it may prove to be interesting to combine these two variants, the plasma torch being supplied by doggie part of the preheated gases thanks to the COWPER and acting only as a chemical reactor thanks to the ionization produced by the electric arc. the consumption of electrical energy can be adjusted by a judicious choice of heat of <EMI ID = 12.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 13.1>

  
gases produced to regenerate the hydrogen necessary for the hydrogenopyrolysis of coal as described here applies to other carbonaceous fuels such as, in addition to coal, lignite, bituminous shales, heaps, etc. ..

  
It is certain that the recycling of all or part of the gases produced

  
 <EMI ID = 14.1>

  
energy of a similar process; indeed, the process taking place for

  
 <EMI ID = 15.1>

  
the gases during recycling through exchangers schematically represented according to the interfaces gas / solids (23), gas / gas (20,21) and gas / reaction chamber (24).

  
In addition, it is possible to group together all the devices and piping associated with gas recirculation in an enclosure subjected to an internal pressure equal to the major pressure of the recirculating gases, a factor which greatly facilitates the dimensioning of these pipes. ; t "ieR.

  
Similarly, it may be advantageous to grind the coal or any other carbonaceous fuel described above in the mill 18 by injecting liquid hydrocarbons of little value to prevent the oxidation of the pulverulent material, which could be detrimental to the proper functioning of the gaseous hydrocarbon process and production. Instead of liquid hydrocarbons it is also possible to inject water.

CLAIMS.

  
 <EMI ID = 16.1>

  
an installation comprising a device for injecting pulverulent materials (15) a mixing chamber (14) a. reaction chamber

  
(1), - a device for separating solid products from gaseous products (2) and one or more devices for condensing and / or eliminating gaseous components (5,6,7),

  
characterized in that the pulverulent material is a material with a high carbon content and in that the light hydrocarbons produced during the hydrogenopyrolysis are partially or totally recycled to be subjected to thermal cracking in order to produce hydrogen

  
 <EMI ID = 17.1>

Claims (1)

2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que des gaz oxydants sont injectés dans la chambre (16) où a lieu le craquage thermique. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that oxidizing gases are injected into the chamber (16) where the thermal cracking takes place. 3. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les gaz oxydants comprennent de la vapeur d'eau et/ou de l'anhydride carbonique. <EMI ID=18.1> 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the oxidizing gases comprise water vapor and / or carbon dioxide. <EMI ID = 18.1> caractérisé en ce qu'une partie des gaz recyclés est brûlée pour chauffer les matières solides et/ou les gaz à injecter dans la chambre (16) où a lieu le craquage thermique. characterized in that a portion of the recycled gases is burned to heat the solid materials and / or the gases to be injected into the chamber (16) where the thermal cracking takes place. 5. Procédé suivant une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on injecte dans la chambre (16) où a lieu le 5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one injects into the chamber (16) where the <EMI ID=19.1>  <EMI ID = 19.1> ou des résidus de distillation de pétrole et/ou des huiles usées. or petroleum distillation residues and / or used oils. 6. Installation pour exécuter le précède suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérises en ce que la chambre (16) où a lieu le 6. Installation for carrying out the above according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chamber (16) where the <EMI ID=20.1>  <EMI ID = 20.1> sitif assurant l'échauffement d'un ou de plusieurs fluides par transfert de calories à partir d'un arc électrique créé dans ce ou ces fluides. sitive ensuring the heating of one or more fluids by transfer of calories from an electric arc created in this or these fluids. 7. Installation pour exécuter le procédé suivant une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'une partie des gaz de sortie est brûlée pour fournir à travers un échangeur discontinu ou continu les calories nécessaires au craquage thermique des gaz recyclés dans la chambre (16) où a lieu le craquage. 7. Installation for carrying out the process according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a part of the outlet gases is burned to supply, through a discontinuous or continuous exchanger, the calories necessary for the thermal cracking of the gases recycled in the chamber ( 16) where the cracking takes place. 39. 20/ 1845. <EMI ID=21.1> 39. 20 / 1845. <EMI ID = 21.1> <EMI ID=22.1>  <EMI ID = 22.1> chambre (16) où a lieu le craquage. chamber (16) where the cracking takes place. 9. Installation suivant une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisée en ce que les gaz recyclés sont enrichis en hydrogène grâce à une installation de séparation par diffusion gazeuse. 9. Installation according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the recycled gases are enriched in hydrogen thanks to a separation installation by gas diffusion. <EMI ID=23.1>  <EMI ID = 23.1> térisée en ce que dans 1 'installation de broyage (18) des matières pulvérulentes on introduit de l'eau et/ou des hydrocarbures liquides pendant la pulvérisation. terized in that in the grinding installation (18) of pulverulent materials, water and / or liquid hydrocarbons are introduced during spraying.
BE0/204645A 1981-01-21 1981-04-29 PROCESS FOR HYDROGENOPYROLYSIS OF POWDERY MATERIALS WITH HIGH CARBON CONTENT. BE888619A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE0/204645A BE888619A (en) 1981-04-29 1981-04-29 PROCESS FOR HYDROGENOPYROLYSIS OF POWDERY MATERIALS WITH HIGH CARBON CONTENT.
EP82200037A EP0057029A1 (en) 1981-01-21 1982-01-14 Process and apparatus for treating powdery materials at high temperatures
CA000401891A CA1181024A (en) 1981-04-29 1982-04-28 Electric arc heating of gaseous fluids

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE0/204645A BE888619A (en) 1981-04-29 1981-04-29 PROCESS FOR HYDROGENOPYROLYSIS OF POWDERY MATERIALS WITH HIGH CARBON CONTENT.

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BE0/204645A BE888619A (en) 1981-01-21 1981-04-29 PROCESS FOR HYDROGENOPYROLYSIS OF POWDERY MATERIALS WITH HIGH CARBON CONTENT.

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1048710A1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-02 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process for producing hydrogen from a gas produced in a waste treatment unit
FR2792926A1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-03 Air Liquide Process for the production of synthesis gas from domestic or industrial waste conversion units at a regular flow rate, comprises a means for the introduction of a regulatory solid or liquid combustible material

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1048710A1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-02 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process for producing hydrogen from a gas produced in a waste treatment unit
FR2792927A1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-03 Air Liquide PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM A GAS FROM A WASTE TREATMENT UNIT
FR2792926A1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-03 Air Liquide Process for the production of synthesis gas from domestic or industrial waste conversion units at a regular flow rate, comprises a means for the introduction of a regulatory solid or liquid combustible material

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