BE863566A - MIXTURE OF DITHIOPHOSPHORIC OR TRITHIOPHOSPHORIC DIESTERS FOR USE AS LUBRICANT STABILIZER. - Google Patents

MIXTURE OF DITHIOPHOSPHORIC OR TRITHIOPHOSPHORIC DIESTERS FOR USE AS LUBRICANT STABILIZER.

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Publication number
BE863566A
BE863566A BE184832A BE184832A BE863566A BE 863566 A BE863566 A BE 863566A BE 184832 A BE184832 A BE 184832A BE 184832 A BE184832 A BE 184832A BE 863566 A BE863566 A BE 863566A
Authority
BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
emi
mixture according
radical
alkyl
amine
Prior art date
Application number
BE184832A
Other languages
French (fr)
Original Assignee
Ciba Geigy
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Publication date
Application filed by Ciba Geigy filed Critical Ciba Geigy
Publication of BE863566A publication Critical patent/BE863566A/en

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    • C10M137/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/10Thio derivatives
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    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
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    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/06Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
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Description

       

  Mélange de diesters dithiophosphoriques ou trithiophos-

  
 <EMI ID=1.1>  

  
La'présente invention concerne des produits de <EMI ID=2.1>  du thio-glycérol et des mono-esters du glycérol et de diesters di- ou trithiophosphoriques , leur préparation et leur utilisation comme additifs stabilisants pour lubrifiants.

  
Le premier fascicule publié de la demande de brevet de la République Fédérale d'Allemagne N[deg.] 2.004.154 décrit les sels d'amines de diesters cycliques d'acides dithiophosphoriques comme additifs pour des huiles lubrifiantes et des huiles combustibles. Bien que ces composés soient très efficaces il serait intéressant d'avoir à sa disposition des additifs qui le soient encore plus .

  
La présente invention a pour objet un mélange

  
de diesters d'acides dithiophosphoriques ou trithiophosphoriques, mélange que l'on obtient en faisant réagir a) des composés répondant à l'une des formules générales I, II et III

  

 <EMI ID=3.1> 


  
dans lesquelles

  

 <EMI ID=4.1> 


  
n désigna un nombre pouvant aller de 0,5 à 10,

  
les deux X représentent chacun, indépendamment l'un de l'autre, un atome d'oxygène ou de soufre et

  
R représente un radical hydrocarboné aliphatique

  
ou aromatique, éventuellement interrompu par un atome d'oxygène ou de soufre,

  
avec b) le pentasulfure de phosphore, ainsi que les sels métalliques ou d'ammonium d'un tel mélange  <EMI ID=5.1> 

  
époxydes ou des composés épithio ; éventuellement substitués.

  
Il est préférable que X soit un atome d'oxygène dans le groupe -CH- et que n désigne un nombre de 0,5 à 4,

CELXH 

  
en particulier de 1 à 2, et plus spécialement le nombre 1.

  
Lorsque R désigne un radical hydrocarboné aliphatique, il peut s'agir d'un radical alkyle linéaire, mais

  
plus particulièrement ramifié, éventuellement interrompu par

  
des atomes d'oxygène ou de soufre, ou d'un radical cyclo-alkyle ou cycloalkyl-alkyle éventuellement porteur d'un ou deux radicaux alkyles, lesquels contiennent de préférence chacun de 1 à 12 atomes de carbone. En tant que radical hydrocarboné aromatique, R représente un radical aryle ou aralkyle éventuellement porteur d'un ou deux radicaux alkyles. L'alkyle contient de préférence de 1 à 30 atomes de carbone, en particulier de 1 à 24, et plus  spécialement de 1 à 18, et le cyclo-alkyle contient de 5 à 8 atomes de carbone dans son cycle et est de préférence le radical cyclohexyle. L'aryle est de préférence le radical phényle, 

  
et l'aralkyle est de préférence le radical benzyle; le radical cyclo-alkyle, phényle ou benzyle porte de préférence 1 ou 2 radicaux alkyles en tant que substituants.

  
Dans les formules I, II et III le symbole R désigne plus particulièrement un radical alkyle linéaire ou, mieux, ramifié, contenant de 1 à 24 atomes de carbone, de préférence de 4 à 18. En voici-quelques exemples: méthyle, éthyle, propyle, butyle, isobutyle, t-butyle, pentyle, hexyle, méthyl-2 pentyle, heptyle, octyle, éthyl-2 hexyle, nonyle, isononyle, décyle, undécyle, dodécyle, éthyl-2 décyle, t-dodécyle, tétradécyle, octadécyle,iso-octadécyle, eicosyle, docosyle, tétracosyle, méthoxy-éthyle, méthoxy-n-propyle, octyloxy-

  
éthyle, octylthio-éthyle, cyclopentyle, méthyl-cyclopentyle, éthyl-cyclopentyl-méthyle, cyclohexyl-méthyle, méthyl-cyclohexyle, p-nonyl-cyclohexyle, cyclododécyle, méthyl-phényle, éthyl-phényle, t-butyl-phényle, diméthyl-phényle, hexyl-phényle, iso-octyl-phényle, nonyl-phényle, dinonyl-phényle. dodécyl-

  
 <EMI ID=6.1> 

  
dodécyl-benzyle. 

  
R peut aussi représenter des radicaux provenant .

  
 <EMI ID=7.1> 

  
qui sont généralement préparés par le procédé de Ziegler à partir de l'aluminium, de l'hydrogène et de l'éthylène, avec hydroxylation ultérieure, sont la plupart du temps des mélanges de plusieurs alcools ramifiés. On les trouve dans le commerce,

  
 <EMI ID=8.1> 

  
cant : Condea), de Dobanols (fabricant : Shell) et d'Oxanols
(fabricant : Ruhrchemie).

  
Les composés de formule I et leurs modes de préparation sont connus. On pourra consulter à ce sujet le second fascicule 'publié de la demande de brevet de la R.F.A.

  
 <EMI ID=9.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=10.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=11.1> 

  
La manière la plus simple d'obtenir les éthers aliphatiques du glycérol consiste par exemple à faire réagir  des alcools avec le glycidol en présence de catalyseurs, par

  
 <EMI ID=12.1> 

  
Le produit résultant de la réaction est un mélange statistique constitué du corps de départ ainsi que de composés monomères et oligomères , mélange dont la composition dépend essentiellement des conditions réactionnelles et du rapport entre les quantités des partenaires réactionnels. C'est la raison pour laquelle, dans la formule I, le nombre n peut prendre n'importe quelle valeur de 0,5 à 10. Le produit de la réaction peut donc contenir encore une certaine proportion de l'alcool qui a été mis en jeu. En principe, celui-ci n'a pas besoin d'être éliminé mais il arrive parfois qu'il soit avantageux d'en éliminer au moins une partie par distillation.

  
Un autre moyen de préparer les éthers aliphatiques du glycérol consiste à fixer l'épichlorhydrine sur des alcools aliphatiques, par exemple selon le schéma suivant :

  

 <EMI ID=13.1> 


  
Cette réaction d'addition est pratiquement uniforme : autrement dit, la répartition des produits d'addition dans le mélange réactionnel est relativement étroite et il n'y a presque plus d'alcool de départ. La saponification

  
 <EMI ID=14.1> 

  
sodium, fournit l'éther glycidique cherché et la réaction avec

  
 <EMI ID=15.1> 

  
les éthers de monothioglycérols correspondants (voir le brevet des Etats-Unis d'Amérique N[deg.] 3.361.723 déjà cité).

  
Les éthers aromatiques du glycérol se préparent également sans difficulté par addition du glycidol. Mais

  
cette fois il est avantageux d'utiliser des catalyseurs anioniques, par exemple l'hydrure de sodium ou le BF3-éthérate. Dans ces conditions il se forme un produit final relativement homogène.

  
En opérant comme dans le cas des phénols, on peut préparer , par addition du glycidol sur des mercaptans, les monothio-éthers du glycérol. On obtient encore des produits réactionnels relativement uniformes. Les éthers aromatiques

  
 <EMI ID=16.1> 

  
du glycérol peuvent également être obtenus par fixation de

  
 <EMI ID=17.1> 

  
Ce qui a été dit ci-dessus pour les composés de formule I à propos de la pureté est valable également pour les composée de formules II et III,

  
Les composés de formule II, qui sont des produits d'addition du glycidol sur des esters dithiophosphoriques, s'obtiennent très simplement par réaction de 4 moles d'alcool

  
 <EMI ID=18.1> 

  
ce en une quantité de 2 moles. Pour cela on n'a généralement pas besoin de catalyseur car le groupe époxy du glycidol réagit

  
bien avec le groupe P-SH très acide. On obtient également un produit réactionnel relativement homogène. Il est recommandé d'effectuer cette réaction dans des conditions analogues à celles que l'on applique pour la préparation ultérieure des mélanges

  
 <EMI ID=19.1> 

  
successives peuvent être effectuées dans un seul récipient.

  
Pour préparer les composés de formule III il est conseillé de faire réagir encore une fois avec le glycidol les mélanges conformes à l'invention qui proviennent de la

  
 <EMI ID=20.1>   <EMI ID=21.1> 

  
ou (III) avec le pentasulfure de phosphore il se forme, en même temps que H2S, les mélanges de composés conformes à l'invention, mélanges qui ont forcément, à peu de choses près, la même répartition statistique que les composés (I), (II) ou
(III). Lorsque ces composés ont des structures de diols-1,2
(pour n=l) on peut admettre qu'il se forme essentiellement des esters cycliques tels que les suivants :

  

 <EMI ID=22.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=23.1> 

  
du glycérol contiennent encore des groupes -OH ou -SE libres

  
 <EMI ID=24.1> 

  
sans formation appréciable de groupements d'esters cycliques.

  
 <EMI ID=25.1> 

  
une certaine proportion de l'alcool de départ il se forme, à

  
 <EMI ID=26.1> 

  
du type

  

 <EMI ID=27.1> 


  
Pour la réaction on met généralement en jeu 1/4

  
 <EMI ID=28.1> 

  
ou -SH présents dans les composés da formules I, II ou III, et on élimine le sulfure d'hydrogène formé. La réaction peut être effectué sans solvant ou encore en présence de solvants inertes, tels que des hydrocarbures, par exemple le pentane,

  
 <EMI ID=29.1> 

  
ou le toluène,ou des éthers, par exemple le têtrahydrofuranne ou l'éther diéthylique. On opère en général à des températures

  
 <EMI ID=30.1> 

  
de phosphore est de préférence introduit par portions ou en

  
 <EMI ID=31.1> 

  
début et faire ensuite arriver l'êther du glycidol. Au cours de la réaction il se forme d'abord des diesters de l'acide diou trithio-phosphorique de telle sorte qu'on dispose d'un groupe -SH très acide pour des modifications ultérieures. Grâce à de telles modifications, qui sont par exemple des alkylations ou des salifications, on peut améliorer la solubilité ou la compatibilité avec des substrats, et également diminuer la volatilité, ce qui revient à augmenter l'activité.

  
Par réaction avec des bases métalliques (neutralisation), par exemple avec des oxydes ou des hydroxydes, on obtient des sels métalliques. Parmi les sels métalliques qui conviennent particulièrement bien citons les sels de baryum, de cadmium, de zinc, d'antimoine, de titane, de molybdène,

  
de molybdényle et de tungstène.

  
On préfère cependant les sels d'ammonium dérivant de l'ammoniac ou d'amines primaires,secondaires ou tertiaires. On donnera alors la préférence aux amines qui confèrent une bonne solubilité dans les huiles. En associant l'alcool de départ de formule I, II ou III et le composé utilisé pour la modification, par exemple une aminé, on peut donc obtenir par les substituants, qui sont par exemple des radicaux alkyles, des produits qui ont une bonne solubilité, qui ne sont pas volatils et qui ont une bonne compatibilité. Il est avantageux de préparer ces sels en ajoutant le pentasulfure de phosphore au mélange de composés de formule I, II ou III et de la quantité d'aminé nécessaire pour la neutralisation. Ce mode d'exécution est réalisé de préférence dans des solvants inertes et à des températures de 20 à 40[deg.]C.

   Un autre mode de préparation consiste à neutraliser des mélanges de composés conformes à l'invention avec des amines, neutralisation qui peut être effectuée après ou pendant la formation, par exemple également

  
 <EMI ID=32.1>   <EMI ID=33.1> 

  
Les aminés utilisées pour la formation des sels peuvent répondre à la formule générale

  

 <EMI ID=34.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=35.1> 

  
uns des autres, un atome d'hydrogène ou un radical hydrocarboné de caractère aliphatique ou aromatique qui est éventuellement interrompu par des atomes d'oxygène ou de soufre et qui peut contenir de 1 à 30 atomes de carbone, de préférence de 1 à 18. Avec l'atome d'azote,Rl, R et/ou R<3> peuvent former ensemble

  
un noyau. Les radicaux hydrocarbonés sont notamment des radicaux alkyles, alcoxy-alkyles ou alkylthio-alkyles, dont les alkyles sont linéaires ou, mieux, ramifiés, des radicaux cycloalkyles, cycloalkyl-alkyles, alkyl-cycloalkyles, alkyl-cycloalkyl-alkyles, aryles, surtout phényles , alkyl-aryles, surtout alkylphényles, aralkyles, surtout benzyle,et alkyl-aryl-alkyles, surtout alkyl-benzyles.

  
 <EMI ID=36.1> 

  
R , R et R peuvent également être des radicaux provenant d'amines ou de mélanges d'amines techniques, telles que celles qu'on peut trouver dans le commerce, par exemple

  
 <EMI ID=37.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=38.1> 

  
Litachim), ou d'amines de corps gras, par exemple les aminés grasses du tallol, du soja,du coco et du suif.

  
Les amines peuvent également être des diamines, telles que des alkylène-diamines et des diamines bicycliques et tricycliques, entre autres la pipérazine et la quinuclidine.

  
Voici quelques exemples d'amines : méthylamine, èthylamine, propylamine, butylamine, t-butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, &#65533;thyl-2 hexyl)amine, t-octylamine, décylamine,

  
 <EMI ID=39.1>   <EMI ID=40.1> 

  
diméthyl-amine, tridécyl-diméthyl-amine, décyl-diméthyl-amine, didodécyl-méthyl-amine, méthyl-butyl-dodécyl-amine, diméthyl-propylamine, trioctyl-amine, dioctyl-méthyl-amine, dodécylbenzylméthyl-amine, nonylphényl-diméthyl-amine, phényl-dodécyl-méthylamine, 'phényl-diméthyl-amine, benzyl-diméthyl-amine, allyldibutyl-amine, méthyl-dodécényl-amine, heptadécyl-diméthylamine, dioctyl-méthyl-amine, méthyl-a-naphtyl-phényl-amine, cyclohexyl-diméthyl-amine, nonyl-diméthyl-amine, tris-(n-tr.idécyl)-amine, tris-(n-dodécyl)-amine, tris-(iso-octyl)-amine, méthyl-butyl-hexadécyl-amine, triéthyl-amine, diméthyl-3,5

  
 <EMI ID=41.1> 

  
dodécyl-amine, méthyl-butyl-dodécyl-amine, diméthyl-dodécylamine, hexadécyl-diméthyl-amine, tris-(isododécyl)-amine,

  
 <EMI ID=42.1> 

  
(N-méthyl) 1-imidazoline, (N-méthyl) 1-pyrrazoline, oxazoline, quinoléine, pyrrolidine, N-éthyl-pyrrolidine, N-méthyl-pipé-

  
 <EMI ID=43.1> 

  
Il est également possible de faire réagir les groupes P-SH des mélanges conformes à l'invention, en vue de modifier les propriétés des mélanges en question, avec des oléfines, éventuellement substituées, des halogénures .. (de préférence des chlorures) d'alkyles ou de cyclo-alkyles éventuellement substitués, des composés époxydiques et des composés épithio. Ces composés utilisés pour la modification contiennent de préférence de 1 à 30 atomes de carbone, plus particulièrement de 2 à 20,ou, mieux encore, de 4 à 18.

  
Les oléfines seront notamment des oléfines aliphatiques contenant de 2 à 20 atomes de carbone , telles que l'éthylène, le propylène, le butène, l'isobutène, le pentène, l'hexène, le cyclo-hexène, l'octène, l'iso-octène, le dodécène et l'octadécène,et des oléfines substituées, telles que le styrène, le méthyl-styrène, le chlorure de vinyle, le chlorure de vinylidène, le fluorure de vinyle, l'acrylonitrile, des acides insaturés contenant de préférence de 1 à 18 atomes de carbone ainsi que leurs esters et leurs anhydrides, tels que  <EMI ID=44.1> 

  
l'acide fumarique et leurs esters alkyliques, cycloalkyliques, phényliques et benzyliques, des esters dérivant d'acides carbdxyliques et d'alcools insaturés, tels que des esters vinyliques qui contiennent de préférence, dans la partie acide,

  
de 1 à 18 atomes de carbone, tels que l'acétate, le propionate, le butyrate, le stéarate, l'oléate, le benzoate et le maléate de vinyle, et des esters de l'alcool allylique, ainsi que des éthers vinyliques.

  
Les halogénures seront par exemple des halogénures d'alkvlesen Cl-C18, éventuellement substitués, tels que le chlorure de méthyle, le chlorure d'octyle, le bromure de dodécyle, l'iodure d'octadécyle, le chlorure de benzyle, des  halogénures d'hydroxy-alkyles, tels que le chlorure d'hydroxyéthyle. Comme exemples d'halogénures de cyclo-alkyles on citera le chlorure de cyclohexyle et le chlorure de cyclopentyle.

  
Les composés époxydiqués et épithio sont par exemple des oxydes et des sulfures d'alkylènes et &#65533;e cycloalkylènes, tels que l'oxyde d'éthylène, l'oxyde de propylène, l'oxyde de butylène, l'oxyde d'octylène, l'oxyde de dodécylène, l'oxyde d'octadécylène, l'oxyde de cyclo-hexylène, l'oxyde de styrène, le glycidol, le diglycidyle, l'épichlorhydrine, des esters, éthars et thio-éthers glycidyliques, des adducts mono- et polyglycidyliques de composés hétérocycliques azotés,tels que l'isocyanurate de N-glycidyle et la N,N'-diglycidyl-hydantoine. Les éthers et thio-êthers glycidyliques peuvent contenir, dans le groupe éther,le radical R qui a été défini à propos des composés de formule I.

  
Les mélanges de composés conformes à l'invention agissent, déjà à très faibles doses, comme additifs haute pression dans les lubrifiants. C'est ainsi que les lubrifiants minéraux ou synthétiques, ainsi que leurs mélanges, qui ont été additionnés de 0,01 à 5 % en poids , par rapport au lubrifiant,

  
 <EMI ID=45.1> 

  
l'invention, font preuve d'excellentes propriétés de lubrifiants haute pression, qui se traduisent par une diminution considérable des phénomènes d'usure des parties à lubrifier (additifs EP/AW). Les lubrifiants que l'on peut envisager sont bien  <EMI ID=46.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=47.1> 

  
1974). Chose étonnante, les mélanges conformes à l'invention
-sont beaucoup plus efficaces, par exemple,que les esters cycliques décrits dans le premier fascicule publié de la demanda de-brevet de la République Fédérale d'Allemagne N[deg.] 2.004.154, et en outre ils sont extrêmement peu corrosifs.

  
Le lubrifiant peut en outre contenir d'autres additifs ayant pour but d'améliorer certaines propriétés des huiles de base, tels que des antioxydants, des passivants de métaux, des inhibiteurs de corrosion, des substances améliorant l'indice de viscosité, des substances abaissant le point de congélation, des dispersants/détergents et d'autres additifs

  
 <EMI ID=48.1> 
(a) Amines aromatiques alkylées ou non et mélanges de telles amines, par exemple :

  
la dioctyl-phényl-amine, la mono-t-octyl-phényl-aou -p-naphtylamine, la phénothiazine, la dioctyl-phénothiazine, la phényl-a-naphtylamine et la N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phénylènediamine.

  
(b) Phénols à empêchement stérique, par exemple:
di-tert-butyl-2,6 p-crésol , 4,4'-bis-(diiso- <EMI ID=49.1> 

  
(méthyl-4 tert-butyl-6 phénol), 4,4'-méthylène-bis-(di-t-butyl2,6 phénol), esters de l'acide (di-tert-butyl-3,5 hydroxy-4' phényl)-3 propionique et de l'hexane-diol-1,6 , du thiodiéthylène-glycol, de l'octanol ou du pentaérythritol.

  
(c) Phosphites d'alkylee, d'aryles ou d'alkylaryles, par exemple :

  
phosphite de trinonyle, phosphite de triphényle, phosphite de diphényle et de décyle.

  
(d) Esters de l'acide thio-dipropionique ou de l'acide thio-diacétique, par exemple thiodipropionate de dilauryle et thio-diacétate de dioctyle.
(e) Sels d'acides carbamiques et d'acides dithiophosphoriques, par exemple :  <EMI ID=50.1> 

  
et de zinc.

  
Association de deux ou de plus de deux antioxydants choisis parmi les précédents, par exemple :

  
amine. alkylée et phénol à empêchement stérique.

Passivants de métaux

  
(a) Pour le cuivre, par exemple :
benzotriazole, tétrahydro-benzotriazole, mercapto-2 <EMI ID=51.1> 

  
diamine et sels de salicylamino-guanidine.

  
(b) Pour le plomb, par exemple :

  
acide sébacique, quinizarine et gallate de propyle.

  
(c) Association de deux ou de plus de deux des additifs précédents.

  
Inhibiteurs de corrosion
(a) Acides organiques, leurs esters, leurs sels métallique!; et leurs anhydrides, par exemple : 

  
N-oléoyl-sarcosine, mono-oléate de sorbitan, naphténate de plomb et anhydride dodécényl-succinique.

  
(b) Composés azotés, par exemple :

  
I. amines aliphatiques ou cyclo-aliphatiques primaires, secondaires ou tertiaires et sels d'amines dérivant

  
 <EMI ID=52.1> 

  
ammoniums olêosolubles .

  
II. Composés hétérocycliques, par exemple : 

  
 <EMI ID=53.1> 

  
(c) Composés phosphorés, par exemple :
sels d'aminés d'esters phosphoriques partiels.
(d) Composés sulfurés, par exemple :
dinonyl-naphtalêne-sulfonates de baryum, et sels calciques de pétroles sulfonés.
(e) Association de deux ou de plus de deux des  additifs précédents. 

  
 <EMI ID=54.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=55.1> 

  
copolymères d'oléfines et -copolymères de vinyl-pyridone avec

  
 <EMI ID=56.1> 

  
Composés abaissant le point de congélation Exemples : polyméthacrylates et dérivés alkylés du naphtalène.

  
 <EMI ID=57.1> 

  
Exemples : polybutényl-succinimides, dérivés d'acides polybutényl-phosphoriques, sulfonates et phénolates de magnésium, calcium ou baryum surbasiques.

  
Additifs anti-usures

  
Exemples : composés contenant du soufre et/ou du phosphore et/ou un halogène, tels qu'huiles végétales sulfurées, dithiophosphates de dialkyles et de zinc, phosphate de tritolyle , paraffines chlorées, disulfures d'alkyles et disulfures d'aryles.

  
Inhibiteurs de moussage

Huiles de silicone et esters polymères.

  
Les exemples suivants illustrent la présente invention.

A) EXEMPLES DE PREPARATION

Exemple 1 :

  
A 1 mole d'alcool stéarylique et 1 ml de SnCl4 on ajoute goutte à goutte 1,4 mole de glycidol à un débit tel que la température ne dépasse pas 75 - 80[deg.]C. Pour compléter la réaction on agite pendant encore 1 heure à 90-100[deg.]C,puis on laisse refroidir. L'analyse du produit par chromatographie sur gel donne à peu près la composition suivante :

  
alcool stéarylique 21,8 %

  
 <EMI ID=58.1> 

  
adducts -oligomères 46,05 %

  
(polymères) (0,75 %)

  
On ajoute au produit réactionnel 1 mole de C13H27NH2 (PRIMENE 81 R) et on ajoute le mélange obtenu goutte à goutte, tout en agitant énergiquement, à une suspension, chauffée à 35[deg.]C, ,de 1/2,môle de pentasulfure de phosphore dans du toluène jouant le rôle de solvant. Au cours de cette réaction le pentasulfure de phosphore passe totalement en solution et il se dégage du sulfure d'hydrogène. La réaction terminée, on chasse le toluène par distillation sous pression réduite. On obtient ainsi le mélange 1 conforme à l'invention.

Exemple 2 :

  
En opérant comme à l'exemple 1 on fait réagir

  
1 mole d'alcool iso-octylique et 1 mole de glycidol. On fait ensuite réagir avec 1/2 mole de pentasulfure de phosphore jusqu'à ce que celui-ci soit passé en solution mais, cette fois, on n'utilise pas de toluène. On obtient le mélange 2.

  
Exemples 3 à 24 :

  
En opérant comme à l'exemple 1 on fait réagir les .corps de départ indiqués ci-dessous,dans les rapports molaires également indiqués, de manière à obtenir les mélanges 3 à 11 et 14 à 24. Pour préparer les mélanges 12 et 13 on fait réagir le produit réactionnel de l'exemple 2, tout en chauffant, avec les esters acryliques cités.

  
3 : 1 mole d'iso-octanol + 1 mole de glycidol + 1/2 mole

  
 <EMI ID=59.1> 

  
4 : 1 mole d'Oxanol 12/15 (fabricant : Ruhrchemie)

  
 <EMI ID=60.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=61.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=62.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=63.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=64.1>   <EMI ID=65.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=66.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=67.1> 

  
de P2S5 + 1 mole d'acrylate de méthyle

  
13 1 mole d'iso-octanol + 1 mole de glycidol + 1/2 mole

  
de P2S5 + 1 mole d'acrylate d'iso-octyle.

  
14 comme à l'exemple 3, mais + 1 mole' de triéthylamine 

  
 <EMI ID=68.1> 

  
16 : comme à l'exemple 3 , mais +1 mole de di-tridécyl-amine

  
 <EMI ID=69.1> 

  
18 : comme à l'exemple 3, mais + 1 mole d'amino-4 di-t-

  
butyl-2,6 phénol

  
19 : comme à l'exemple 3, mais + 1 mole de tri-n-octyl-amine

  
20 : comme à l'exemple 3, mais + 1 mole de cyclohexy lamine

  
21 : comme à l'exemple 3, mais + 1 mole d'oléyl-di-(hydroxy-

  
éthyl)-amine

  
 <EMI ID=70.1> 

  
octyl-amine

  
 <EMI ID=71.1> 

  
(amine 0)

  
24 comme à l'exemple 3, mais + 1 mole d'oléyl-di-(hydroxy-

  
éthyl)-amina sulfurée. Exemples 25 à 45 :

  
 <EMI ID=72.1> 

  
mentionnés ci-dessous (préparés à partir de l'alcanol et de  <EMI ID=73.1> 

  
pas dépassée. Pour compléter la réaction on continue d'agiter

  
 <EMI ID=74.1> 

  
verse dans la solution 1 mole de l'amine indiquée et on ajoute

  
 <EMI ID=75.1> 

  
200 ml de toluène à une température d'environ 40 à 45[deg.]C. Au cours de cette opération on fait passer à travers la solution un courant modéré d'azote et on recueille quantitativement le sulfure d'hydrogène entraîné dans une solution aqueuse de KOH.

  
 <EMI ID=76.1> 

  
environ 2 heures, on chasse le toluène sous pression réduite et on obtient ainsi, avec un rendement quantitatif, des produits visqueux incolores à jaune clair.

  
 <EMI ID=77.1> 

  
27 dithiophosphate de di-isopropyle + t-C13H27-NH2

  
28 dithiophosphate de di-(Dobanol-91) + di-tridécylamine

  
29 : comme à l'exemple 28, mais avec l'oléylamine

  
30 comme à l'exemple 28, mais avec l'amine Adogen 363

  
 <EMI ID=78.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=79.1> 

  
34 dithiophosphate de di-isotridécyle + di-tridécyl-amine

  
35 comme à l'exemple 34, mais avec l'oléylamine

  
36 comme à l'exemple 34, mais avec l'amine Adogen 363  <EMI ID=80.1> 

  
38 comme à l'exemple 34, mais avec l'amine Adogen 368

  
39 comme à l'exemple 34, mais avec l'amine Primene JMT

  
40 dithiophosphate de di-(l)obanol-25) + di-tridécyl-amine

  
41 comme à l'exemple 40, mais avec l'oléylamine

  
42 comme à l'exemple 40, mais avec l'amine Adogen 363

  
43 comme à l'exemple 40, mais avec l'amine Adogen 364

  
44 comme à l'exemple 40, mais avec l'amine Adogen 368

  
45 comme à l'exemple 40, mais avec l'amine PRIMENE JMT.

  
Exemples 46 à 50 :

  
En opérant comme à l'exemple 1 on fait réagir les alcanols mentionnés ci-dessous avec le glycidol et avec

  
 <EMI ID=81.1> 

  
nouveau, comme dans les exemples 25 à 27,avec le glycidol

  
 <EMI ID=82.1> 

  
rendement quantitatif, des produits visqueux,incolores à jaune clair.

  
46 1 mole d'iso-octanol + 1 mole de glycidol + 1/2 mole

  
 <EMI ID=83.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=84.1> 

  
47 1 mole d'alcool stéarylique'+ 1 mole de glycidol +

  
 <EMI ID=85.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=86.1> 

  
49 comme à l'exemple 45, mais avec l'alcool Dobanol 25

  
50 comme à l'exemple 47, mais avec le t-dodécyl-mercaptan

  
au lieu de l'alcool stéarylique. 

  
Exemples 51 à 54 : 

  
 <EMI ID=87.1> 

  
et d'une amine= 

  
 <EMI ID=88.1> 

  
on ajoute goutte à goutte, tout en agitant énergiquement, à une température d'environ 70 à 80[deg.]C, 1 mole d'un des mercaptans

  
 <EMI ID=89.1> 

  
totalement en solution, tout en veillant à ce que la température ne s'élève pas au-dessus de 120[deg.]C. Cela fait, on neutralise avec l'amine indiquée et on chasse le toluène sous pression réduite. On obtient, avec un rendement quantitatif, des produits liquides incolores à jaune clair, que l'on a caractérisés par

  
 <EMI ID=90.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=91.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=92.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=93.1> 

  
Exemples 55 à 62 :

  
Produits d'addition avec des composés époxy et épithio.

  
On fait'réagir les produits préparés selon l'exemple 2 ou leurs sels d'ammonium,à 80-90[deg.]C, avec les composés époxy ou épithio indiqués ci-dessous. On obtient des produits liquides avec un rendement quantitatif.

  

 <EMI ID=94.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=95.1>  0 

  
 <EMI ID=96.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=97.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=98.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=99.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=100.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=101.1> 

  
Exemples 63 à 65 :

  
Produits d'addition avec des oléfines.

  
Préparation effectuée selon les exemples 55 à 62.

  
 <EMI ID=102.1> 

  
décyl-ammonium

  
 <EMI ID=103.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=104.1> 

  
r,   <EMI ID=105.1> 

  
Exemples 66 et 67 :

  
Sels métalliques.

  
On dissout dans du toluène les produits réactionnels qui ont été préparés selon l'exemple 2 et on ajoute des quantités équimolaires d'un acétate de métal. Après cela on chauffe à reflux, on chasse l'acide acétique formé et on obtient le produit réactionnel par élimination du toluène.

  
 <EMI ID=106.1> 

  
solide

  
67 " " " + acétate de calcium,

  
 <EMI ID=107.1> 

B) EXEMPLES D'APPLICATION

  
Au moyen de l'appareil à quatre billes de Shell on mesure les grandeurs suivantes (Tentative method IP 239/69; Extrême pressure and wear lubricant test for oils and gréa ses, four bail-machine): 

  
1) I.S.L. = initial seizura load ; (charge de grippage initiale) :c'est la charge four laquelle la pellicule d'huile se rompt au bout de 10 secondes ;

  
2) W.L. = weld load (charge de soudure); d'est la charge

  
pour laquelle les quatre billes se soudent les unes aux autres en 10 secondes ; 

  
 <EMI ID=108.1> 

  
zone d'usure pour une charge de 70 kg s'exerçant pendant 1 heure.

  
4) Dans quelques cas on a également déterminé l'action corro-'

  
sive par l'essai à la bande de cuivre (essai au Cu), en utilisant une échelle d'évaluation allant de la à 4b .

  
Comme huile de base on utilisa Catenex 41 (non commercial de la Société Shell). Les résultats sont consignés dans

  
le tableau suivant. 

  

 <EMI ID=109.1> 


  

 <EMI ID=110.1> 
 

  

 <EMI ID=111.1> 


  

 <EMI ID=112.1> 
 

  

 <EMI ID=113.1> 


  

 <EMI ID=114.1> 
 

ESSAI COMPARATIF :

  
 <EMI ID=115.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=116.1> 

  
base (Flexon 845), sur le banc d'essai pour gauchissement de roues dentées selon la norme allemande DIN 51354 jusqu'à ce

  
que survienne l'étape de charge destructrice (ECD). On détermine alors la concentration minimale pour laquelle apparaît encore la plus haute étape de charge destructrice. Les résultats sont consignés dans le tableau suivant.

TABLEAU

  

 <EMI ID=117.1> 


  
On voit que le composé conforma à l'invention est le plus efficace à la concentration la plus faible. 

'REVENDICATIONS

  
 <EMI ID=118.1> 

  
phosphorique ou de l'acide trithiophosphorique, mélange qu'on obtient en faisant réagir a) des composés, répondant à l'une des formules générales I,

  
II et III

  

 <EMI ID=119.1> 


  
dans lesquelles 

  
Y représente le radical -CH-CH-- ou un radical

OH

-CH- 

  
CH2XH

  
n désigne un nombre de 0,5 à 10,

  
les deux X représentent chacun, indépendamment l'un de

  
l'autre, un atome d'oxygène ou un atome de soufre et

  
R représente un radical hydrocarboné de caractère aliphatique ou aromatique, qui est éventuellement interrompu par un atome d'oxygène

  
ou de soufre,

  
avec b) le pentasulfure de phosphore, ainsi que ses sels de métaux ou d'ammonium et ses composés d'addition avec des oléfine, des halogénures d'alkyles, des halogénures de cyclo-alkyles, des époxydes ou des composés épithio, éventuellement substituas.



  Mixture of dithiophosphoric or trithiophos-

  
 <EMI ID = 1.1>

  
The present invention relates to products of <EMI ID = 2.1> of thio-glycerol and mono-esters of glycerol and di- or trithiophosphoric diesters, their preparation and their use as stabilizing additives for lubricants.

  
The first published specification of the Federal Republic of Germany patent application N [deg.] 2,004,154 describes amine salts of cyclic diesters of dithiophosphoric acids as additives for lubricating oils and fuel oils. Although these compounds are very effective, it would be interesting to have additives available which are even more effective.

  
The present invention relates to a mixture

  
of diesters of dithiophosphoric or trithiophosphoric acids, a mixture obtained by reacting a) of compounds corresponding to one of the general formulas I, II and III

  

 <EMI ID = 3.1>


  
in which

  

 <EMI ID = 4.1>


  
n denotes a number that can range from 0.5 to 10,

  
the two Xs each represent, independently of one another, an oxygen or sulfur atom and

  
R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical

  
or aromatic, optionally interrupted by an oxygen or sulfur atom,

  
with b) phosphorus pentasulfide, as well as the metal or ammonium salts of such a mixture <EMI ID = 5.1>

  
epoxides or epithio compounds; optionally substituted.

  
It is preferable that X is an oxygen atom in the group -CH- and that n denotes a number from 0.5 to 4,

CELXH

  
in particular from 1 to 2, and more especially the number 1.

  
When R denotes an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, it may be a linear alkyl radical, but

  
more particularly branched, possibly interrupted by

  
oxygen or sulfur atoms, or of a cyclo-alkyl or cycloalkyl-alkyl radical optionally carrying one or two alkyl radicals, which preferably each contain from 1 to 12 carbon atoms. As an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, R represents an aryl or aralkyl radical optionally carrying one or two alkyl radicals. The alkyl preferably contains 1 to 30 carbon atoms, in particular 1 to 24, and more preferably 1 to 18, and the cyclo-alkyl contains 5 to 8 carbon atoms in its ring and is preferably the cyclohexyl radical. The aryl is preferably the phenyl radical,

  
and the aralkyl is preferably the benzyl radical; the cyclo-alkyl, phenyl or benzyl radical preferably carries 1 or 2 alkyl radicals as substituents.

  
In formulas I, II and III, the symbol R denotes more particularly a linear or, better still, branched alkyl radical containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 18. Here are a few examples: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, 2-methyl pentyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, isononyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, 2-ethyl decyl, t-dodecyl, tetradecyl, octadecyl , iso-octadecyl, eicosyl, docosyl, tetracosyl, methoxy-ethyl, methoxy-n-propyl, octyloxy-

  
ethyl, octylthio-ethyl, cyclopentyl, methyl-cyclopentyl, ethyl-cyclopentyl-methyl, cyclohexyl-methyl, methyl-cyclohexyl, p-nonyl-cyclohexyl, cyclododecyl, methyl-phenyl, ethyl-phenyl, t-butyl-phenyl, dimethyl- phenyl, hexyl-phenyl, iso-octyl-phenyl, nonyl-phenyl, dinonyl-phenyl. dodecyl-

  
 <EMI ID = 6.1>

  
dodecyl-benzyl.

  
R can also represent radicals originating.

  
 <EMI ID = 7.1>

  
which are generally prepared by the Ziegler process from aluminum, hydrogen and ethylene, with subsequent hydroxylation, are mostly mixtures of several branched alcohols. They are found in shops,

  
 <EMI ID = 8.1>

  
cant: Condea), Dobanols (manufacturer: Shell) and Oxanols
(manufacturer: Ruhrchemie).

  
The compounds of formula I and their methods of preparation are known. On this subject, the second published fascicle of the R.F.A. patent application may be consulted.

  
 <EMI ID = 9.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 10.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 11.1>

  
The simplest way to obtain the aliphatic ethers of glycerol consists, for example, in reacting alcohols with glycidol in the presence of catalysts, for example

  
 <EMI ID = 12.1>

  
The product resulting from the reaction is a random mixture consisting of the starting substance as well as of monomeric and oligomeric compounds, a mixture whose composition depends essentially on the reaction conditions and on the ratio between the quantities of the reaction partners. This is the reason why, in formula I, the number n can take any value from 0.5 to 10. The reaction product can therefore still contain a certain proportion of the alcohol which has been added. involved. In principle, this does not need to be removed, but it sometimes happens that it is advantageous to remove at least part of it by distillation.

  
Another way of preparing the aliphatic ethers of glycerol consists in fixing the epichlorohydrin on aliphatic alcohols, for example according to the following scheme:

  

 <EMI ID = 13.1>


  
This addition reaction is practically uniform: that is, the distribution of the adducts in the reaction mixture is relatively narrow and there is almost no starting alcohol left. Saponification

  
 <EMI ID = 14.1>

  
sodium, provides the desired glycidic ether and the reaction with

  
 <EMI ID = 15.1>

  
the corresponding monothioglycerol ethers (see US Pat. No. 3,361,723 already cited).

  
The aromatic ethers of glycerol can also be prepared without difficulty by adding glycidol. But

  
this time it is advantageous to use anionic catalysts, for example sodium hydride or BF3-etherate. Under these conditions, a relatively homogeneous final product is formed.

  
By operating as in the case of phenols, it is possible to prepare, by adding glycidol to mercaptans, glycerol monothioethers. Relatively uniform reaction products are still obtained. Aromatic ethers

  
 <EMI ID = 16.1>

  
glycerol can also be obtained by fixing

  
 <EMI ID = 17.1>

  
What has been said above for the compounds of formula I about the purity is also valid for the compounds of formulas II and III,

  
The compounds of formula II, which are adducts of glycidol on dithiophosphoric esters, are obtained very simply by reacting 4 moles of alcohol

  
 <EMI ID = 18.1>

  
this in an amount of 2 moles. For this we do not generally need a catalyst because the epoxy group of the glycidol reacts

  
well with the very acidic P-SH group. A relatively homogeneous reaction product is also obtained. It is recommended to carry out this reaction under conditions analogous to those applied for the subsequent preparation of the mixtures.

  
 <EMI ID = 19.1>

  
successive can be done in a single container.

  
To prepare the compounds of formula III, it is advisable to react once again with glycidol the mixtures in accordance with the invention which originate from

  
 <EMI ID = 20.1> <EMI ID = 21.1>

  
or (III) with phosphorus pentasulfide, at the same time as H2S, mixtures of compounds in accordance with the invention are formed, mixtures which necessarily have roughly the same statistical distribution as compounds (I) , (II) or
(III). When these compounds have 1,2-diol structures
(for n = 1) it can be assumed that essentially cyclic esters are formed such as the following:

  

 <EMI ID = 22.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 23.1>

  
glycerol still contain free -OH or -SE groups

  
 <EMI ID = 24.1>

  
without appreciable formation of cyclic ester groups.

  
 <EMI ID = 25.1>

  
a certain proportion of the starting alcohol is formed,

  
 <EMI ID = 26.1>

  
like

  

 <EMI ID = 27.1>


  
For the reaction, 1/4

  
 <EMI ID = 28.1>

  
or -SH present in the compounds of formulas I, II or III, and the hydrogen sulfide formed is removed. The reaction can be carried out without solvent or else in the presence of inert solvents, such as hydrocarbons, for example pentane,

  
 <EMI ID = 29.1>

  
or toluene, or ethers, for example tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether. We generally operate at temperatures

  
 <EMI ID = 30.1>

  
of phosphorus is preferably introduced in portions or in

  
 <EMI ID = 31.1>

  
start and then add the glycidol ether. In the course of the reaction diesters of dior trithiophosphoric acid are first formed so that a very acidic -SH group is available for subsequent modifications. Thanks to such modifications, which are for example alkylations or salifications, it is possible to improve the solubility or the compatibility with substrates, and also to decrease the volatility, which amounts to increasing the activity.

  
By reaction with metal bases (neutralization), for example with oxides or hydroxides, metal salts are obtained. Among the metal salts which are particularly suitable, mention may be made of barium, cadmium, zinc, antimony, titanium, molybdenum salts,

  
of molybdenyl and tungsten.

  
However, the ammonium salts derived from ammonia or from primary, secondary or tertiary amines are preferred. Preference will then be given to amines which confer good solubility in oils. By combining the starting alcohol of formula I, II or III and the compound used for the modification, for example an amine, it is therefore possible to obtain, by the substituents, which are for example alkyl radicals, products which have good solubility , which are not volatile and have good compatibility. It is advantageous to prepare these salts by adding phosphorus pentasulfide to the mixture of compounds of formula I, II or III and the amount of amine necessary for neutralization. This embodiment is preferably carried out in inert solvents and at temperatures of 20 to 40 [deg.] C.

   Another method of preparation consists in neutralizing mixtures of compounds according to the invention with amines, which neutralization can be carried out after or during the formation, for example also

  
 <EMI ID = 32.1> <EMI ID = 33.1>

  
The amines used for the formation of the salts can have the general formula

  

 <EMI ID = 34.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 35.1>

  
from each other, a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical of aliphatic or aromatic character which is optionally interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms and which may contain from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 18. With the nitrogen atom, Rl, R and / or R <3> can together form

  
a core. The hydrocarbon radicals are in particular alkyl, alkoxy-alkyl or alkylthio-alkyl radicals, the alkyls of which are linear or, better, branched, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, alkyl-cycloalkyl, alkyl-cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, especially phenyl radicals , alkyl-aryls, especially alkylphenyls, aralkyls, especially benzyl, and alkyl-aryl-alkyls, especially alkyl-benzyls.

  
 <EMI ID = 36.1>

  
R, R and R can also be radicals originating from amines or mixtures of technical amines, such as those which can be found commercially, for example

  
 <EMI ID = 37.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 38.1>

  
Litachim), or fatty amines, for example the fatty amines of tall oil, soybean, coconut and tallow.

  
The amines can also be diamines, such as alkylene diamines and bicyclic and tricyclic diamines, inter alia piperazine and quinuclidine.

  
Here are some examples of amines: methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, t-butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, &#65533; thyl-2hexyl) amine, t-octylamine, decylamine,

  
 <EMI ID = 39.1> <EMI ID = 40.1>

  
dimethyl-amine, tridecyl-dimethyl-amine, decyl-dimethyl-amine, didodecyl-methyl-amine, methyl-butyl-dodecyl-amine, dimethyl-propylamine, trioctyl-amine, dioctyl-methyl-amine, dodecylbenzylmethyl-amine, nonylphenyl- dimethyl-amine, phenyl-dodecyl-methylamine, 'phenyl-dimethyl-amine, benzyl-dimethyl-amine, allyldibutyl-amine, methyl-dodecenyl-amine, heptadecyl-dimethylamine, dioctyl-methyl-amine, methyl-a-naphthyl-phenyl -amine, cyclohexyl-dimethyl-amine, nonyl-dimethyl-amine, tris- (n-tr.idecyl) -amine, tris- (n-dodecyl) -amine, tris- (iso-octyl) -amine, methyl-butyl -hexadecyl-amine, triethyl-amine, 3,5-dimethyl

  
 <EMI ID = 41.1>

  
dodecyl-amine, methyl-butyl-dodecyl-amine, dimethyl-dodecylamine, hexadecyl-dimethyl-amine, tris- (isododecyl) -amine,

  
 <EMI ID = 42.1>

  
(N-methyl) 1-imidazoline, (N-methyl) 1-pyrrazoline, oxazoline, quinoline, pyrrolidine, N-ethyl-pyrrolidine, N-methyl-pipé

  
 <EMI ID = 43.1>

  
It is also possible to react the P-SH groups of the mixtures according to the invention, in order to modify the properties of the mixtures in question, with olefins, optionally substituted, halides (preferably chlorides) of. optionally substituted alkyls or cyclo-alkyls, epoxy compounds and epithio compounds. These compounds used for the modification preferably contain from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more particularly from 2 to 20, or, more preferably, from 4 to 18.

  
The olefins will in particular be aliphatic olefins containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, butene, isobutene, pentene, hexene, cyclo-hexene, octene, iso-octene, dodecene and octadecene, and substituted olefins, such as styrene, methyl-styrene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, acrylonitrile, unsaturated acids containing preferably from 1 to 18 carbon atoms as well as their esters and their anhydrides, such as <EMI ID = 44.1>

  
fumaric acid and their alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl and benzyl esters, esters derived from carbdxylic acids and unsaturated alcohols, such as vinyl esters which preferably contain, in the acid part,

  
from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as acetate, propionate, butyrate, stearate, oleate, benzoate and vinyl maleate, and esters of allyl alcohol, as well as vinyl ethers.

  
The halides are, for example, halides of alkylen Cl-C18, optionally substituted, such as methyl chloride, octyl chloride, dodecyl bromide, octadecyl iodide, benzyl chloride, halides of 'hydroxy alkyls, such as hydroxyethyl chloride. As examples of cycloalkyl halides, there will be mentioned cyclohexyl chloride and cyclopentyl chloride.

  
Epoxy and epithio compounds are, for example, oxides and sulphides of alkylenes and cycloalkylenes, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, ether oxide. octylene, dodecylene oxide, octadecylene oxide, cyclohexylene oxide, styrene oxide, glycidol, diglycidyl, epichlorohydrin, glycidyl esters, ethers and thioethers, mono- and polyglycidyl adducts of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, such as N-glycidyl isocyanurate and N, N'-diglycidyl-hydantoin. Glycidyl ethers and thio-ethers can contain, in the ether group, the radical R which has been defined with regard to the compounds of formula I.

  
The mixtures of compounds in accordance with the invention act, already at very low doses, as high pressure additives in lubricants. Thus, mineral or synthetic lubricants, as well as their mixtures, which have been added from 0.01 to 5% by weight, relative to the lubricant,

  
 <EMI ID = 45.1>

  
the invention, demonstrate excellent properties of high pressure lubricants, which result in a considerable reduction in the phenomena of wear of the parts to be lubricated (EP / AW additives). The lubricants that can be considered are <EMI ID = 46.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 47.1>

  
1974). Surprisingly, the mixtures according to the invention
-are much more effective, for example, than the cyclic esters described in the first published specification of the Federal Republic of Germany patent application No. 2,004,154, and in addition they are extremely low corrosive.

  
The lubricant may also contain other additives intended to improve certain properties of the base oils, such as antioxidants, metal passivants, corrosion inhibitors, substances improving the viscosity index, substances lowering freezing point, dispersants / detergents and other additives

  
 <EMI ID = 48.1>
(a) Aromatic amines, whether alkylated or not, and mixtures of such amines, for example:

  
dioctyl-phenyl-amine, mono-t-octyl-phenyl-aou -p-naphthylamine, phenothiazine, dioctyl-phenothiazine, phenyl-a-naphthylamine and N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p -phenylenediamine.

  
(b) Sterically hindered phenols, for example:
di-tert-butyl-2,6 p-cresol, 4,4'-bis- (diiso- <EMI ID = 49.1>

  
(4-methyl tert-butyl-6 phenol), 4,4'-methylene-bis- (di-t-butyl2,6 phenol), acid esters (di-tert-butyl-3,5-hydroxy-4 'phenyl) -3 propionic and hexanediol-1,6, thiodiethylene glycol, octanol or pentaerythritol.

  
(c) Alkyl, aryl or alkyl aryl phosphites, for example:

  
trinonyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl and decyl phosphite.

  
(d) Esters of thio-dipropionic acid or of thio-diacetic acid, for example dilauryl thiodipropionate and dioctyl thio-diacetate.
(e) Salts of carbamic acids and dithiophosphoric acids, for example: <EMI ID = 50.1>

  
and zinc.

  
Association of two or more antioxidants chosen from the above, for example:

  
amine. alkylated and sterically hindered phenol.

Metal passivators

  
(a) For copper, for example:
benzotriazole, tetrahydro-benzotriazole, 2-mercapto <EMI ID = 51.1>

  
diamine and salicylamino-guanidine salts.

  
(b) For lead, for example:

  
sebacic acid, quinizarin and propyl gallate.

  
(c) Combination of two or more of the above additives.

  
Corrosion inhibitors
(a) Organic acids, their esters, their metal salts !; and their anhydrides, for example:

  
N-oleoyl-sarcosine, sorbitan mono-oleate, lead naphthenate and dodecenyl-succinic anhydride.

  
(b) Nitrogenous compounds, for example:

  
I. primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines and salts of derived amines

  
 <EMI ID = 52.1>

  
oil-soluble ammoniums.

  
II. Heterocyclic compounds, for example:

  
 <EMI ID = 53.1>

  
(c) Phosphorus compounds, for example:
amine salts of partial phosphoric esters.
(d) Sulfur compounds, for example:
barium dinonyl-naphthalene sulfonates, and calcium salts of sulfonated oils.
(e) Combination of two or more of the above additives.

  
 <EMI ID = 54.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 55.1>

  
copolymers of olefins and -copolymers of vinyl-pyridone with

  
 <EMI ID = 56.1>

  
Compounds lowering the freezing point Examples: polymethacrylates and alkylated derivatives of naphthalene.

  
 <EMI ID = 57.1>

  
Examples: polybutenyl-succinimides, derivatives of polybutenyl-phosphoric acids, overbased magnesium, calcium or barium sulfonates and phenolates.

  
Anti-wear additives

  
Examples: compounds containing sulfur and / or phosphorus and / or a halogen, such as sulfurized vegetable oils, dialkyl and zinc dithiophosphates, tritolyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl disulfides and aryl disulfides.

  
Foaming inhibitors

Silicone oils and polymer esters.

  
The following examples illustrate the present invention.

A) PREPARATION EXAMPLES

Example 1:

  
1.4 moles of glycidol are added dropwise to 1 mole of stearyl alcohol and 1 ml of SnCl4 at a rate such that the temperature does not exceed 75 - 80 [deg.] C. To complete the reaction, stirred for a further 1 hour at 90-100 [deg.] C, then allowed to cool. Analysis of the product by gel chromatography gives approximately the following composition:

  
stearyl alcohol 21.8%

  
 <EMI ID = 58.1>

  
adducts -oligomers 46.05%

  
(polymers) (0.75%)

  
1 mole of C13H27NH2 (PRIMENE 81 R) is added to the reaction product and the resulting mixture is added dropwise, while stirring vigorously, to a suspension, heated to 35 [deg.] C,, of 1/2, mole of phosphorus pentasulfide in toluene acting as a solvent. During this reaction, phosphorus pentasulfide completely goes into solution and hydrogen sulfide is released. When the reaction is complete, the toluene is removed by distillation under reduced pressure. The mixture 1 in accordance with the invention is thus obtained.

Example 2:

  
By operating as in Example 1, we react

  
1 mole of iso-octyl alcohol and 1 mole of glycidol. It is then reacted with 1/2 mole of phosphorus pentasulfide until it has gone into solution, but this time no toluene is used. We obtain mixture 2.

  
Examples 3 to 24:

  
By operating as in Example 1, the starting bodies indicated below are reacted, in the molar ratios also indicated, so as to obtain mixtures 3 to 11 and 14 to 24. To prepare mixtures 12 and 13, the mixture is obtained. reacts the reaction product of Example 2, while heating, with the acrylic esters mentioned.

  
3: 1 mole of iso-octanol + 1 mole of glycidol + 1/2 mole

  
 <EMI ID = 59.1>

  
4: 1 mole of Oxanol 12/15 (manufacturer: Ruhrchemie)

  
 <EMI ID = 60.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 61.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 62.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 63.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 64.1> <EMI ID = 65.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 66.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 67.1>

  
of P2S5 + 1 mole of methyl acrylate

  
13 1 mole of iso-octanol + 1 mole of glycidol + 1/2 mole

  
of P2S5 + 1 mole of iso-octyl acrylate.

  
14 as in Example 3, but + 1 mole 'of triethylamine

  
 <EMI ID = 68.1>

  
16: as in Example 3, but +1 mole of di-tridecyl-amine

  
 <EMI ID = 69.1>

  
18: as in example 3, but + 1 mole of amino-4 di-t-

  
2,6-butyl phenol

  
19: as in Example 3, but + 1 mole of tri-n-octyl-amine

  
20: as in Example 3, but + 1 mole of cyclohexylamine

  
21: as in Example 3, but + 1 mole of oleyl-di- (hydroxy-

  
ethyl) -amine

  
 <EMI ID = 70.1>

  
octyl-amine

  
 <EMI ID = 71.1>

  
(amine 0)

  
24 as in Example 3, but + 1 mole of oleyl-di- (hydroxy-

  
ethyl) -amina sulfide. Examples 25 to 45:

  
 <EMI ID = 72.1>

  
mentioned below (prepared from alkanol and <EMI ID = 73.1>

  
not exceeded. To complete the reaction we continue to stir

  
 <EMI ID = 74.1>

  
pour into the solution 1 mole of the indicated amine and add

  
 <EMI ID = 75.1>

  
200 ml of toluene at a temperature of about 40 to 45 [deg.] C. During this operation a moderate stream of nitrogen is passed through the solution and the hydrogen sulfide entrained in an aqueous solution of KOH is collected quantitatively.

  
 <EMI ID = 76.1>

  
For about 2 hours, the toluene is removed under reduced pressure and thus colorless to light yellow viscous products are obtained in quantitative yield.

  
 <EMI ID = 77.1>

  
27 di-isopropyl dithiophosphate + t-C13H27-NH2

  
28 di- (Dobanol-91) dithiophosphate + di-tridecylamine

  
29: as in example 28, but with oleylamine

  
30 as in Example 28, but with the amine Adogen 363

  
 <EMI ID = 78.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 79.1>

  
34 di-isotridecyl dithiophosphate + di-tridecyl-amine

  
35 as in Example 34, but with oleylamine

  
36 as in Example 34, but with the amine Adogen 363 <EMI ID = 80.1>

  
38 as in example 34, but with the amine Adogen 368

  
39 as in Example 34, but with the amine Primene JMT

  
40 di- (l) obanol-25) + di-tridecyl-amine dithiophosphate

  
41 as in Example 40, but with oleylamine

  
42 as in Example 40, but with the amine Adogen 363

  
43 as in Example 40, but with the amine Adogen 364

  
44 as in Example 40, but with the amine Adogen 368

  
45 as in Example 40, but with the amine PRIMENE JMT.

  
Examples 46 to 50:

  
By operating as in Example 1, the alkanols mentioned below are reacted with glycidol and with

  
 <EMI ID = 81.1>

  
new, as in Examples 25 to 27, with glycidol

  
 <EMI ID = 82.1>

  
quantitative yield, viscous, colorless to light yellow products.

  
46 1 mole of iso-octanol + 1 mole of glycidol + 1/2 mole

  
 <EMI ID = 83.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 84.1>

  
47 1 mole of stearyl alcohol '+ 1 mole of glycidol +

  
 <EMI ID = 85.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 86.1>

  
49 as in Example 45, but with Dobanol 25 alcohol

  
50 as in Example 47, but with t-dodecyl-mercaptan

  
instead of stearyl alcohol.

  
Examples 51 to 54:

  
 <EMI ID = 87.1>

  
and an amine =

  
 <EMI ID = 88.1>

  
is added dropwise, while stirring vigorously, at a temperature of about 70 to 80 [deg.] C, 1 mole of one of the mercaptans

  
 <EMI ID = 89.1>

  
completely in solution, while ensuring that the temperature does not rise above 120 [deg.] C. This being done, neutralization is carried out with the indicated amine and the toluene is removed under reduced pressure. Colorless to light yellow liquid products are obtained with a quantitative yield, which are characterized by

  
 <EMI ID = 90.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 91.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 92.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 93.1>

  
Examples 55 to 62:

  
Adducts with epoxy and epithio compounds.

  
The products prepared according to Example 2 or their ammonium salts are made to react at 80-90 [deg.] C, with the epoxy or epithio compounds indicated below. Liquid products are obtained with a quantitative yield.

  

 <EMI ID = 94.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 95.1> 0

  
 <EMI ID = 96.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 97.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 98.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 99.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 100.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 101.1>

  
Examples 63 to 65:

  
Adducts with olefins.

  
Preparation carried out according to Examples 55 to 62.

  
 <EMI ID = 102.1>

  
decyl-ammonium

  
 <EMI ID = 103.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 104.1>

  
r, <EMI ID = 105.1>

  
Examples 66 and 67:

  
Metal salts.

  
The reaction products which were prepared according to Example 2 are dissolved in toluene and equimolar amounts of a metal acetate are added. After that, the mixture is heated to reflux, the acetic acid formed is removed and the reaction product is obtained by elimination of toluene.

  
 <EMI ID = 106.1>

  
solid

  
67 "" "+ calcium acetate,

  
 <EMI ID = 107.1>

B) APPLICATION EXAMPLES

  
Using Shell's four-ball device, the following quantities are measured (Tentative method IP 239/69; Extreme pressure and wear lubricant test for oils and gréa ses, four bail-machine):

  
1) I.S.L. = initial seizura load; (initial seizing load): this is the oven load in which the oil film breaks after 10 seconds;

  
2) W.L. = weld load; is the charge

  
in which the four balls are welded to each other in 10 seconds;

  
 <EMI ID = 108.1>

  
wear zone for a load of 70 kg exercising for 1 hour.

  
4) In some cases we have also determined the corro- '

  
sive by the copper strip test (Cu test), using a rating scale from 1a to 4b.

  
Catenex 41 (non-commercial from the Shell company) was used as the base oil. The results are recorded in

  
the next board.

  

 <EMI ID = 109.1>


  

 <EMI ID = 110.1>
 

  

 <EMI ID = 111.1>


  

 <EMI ID = 112.1>
 

  

 <EMI ID = 113.1>


  

 <EMI ID = 114.1>
 

COMPARATIVE TEST:

  
 <EMI ID = 115.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 116.1>

  
base (Flexon 845), on the test stand for toothed wheel warping according to German standard DIN 51354 until

  
that the destructive charge stage (ECD) occurs. The minimum concentration is then determined for which the highest destructive charge step still appears. The results are shown in the following table.

BOARD

  

 <EMI ID = 117.1>


  
It can be seen that the compound according to the invention is the most effective at the lowest concentration.

'CLAIMS

  
 <EMI ID = 118.1>

  
phosphoric acid or trithiophosphoric acid, a mixture obtained by reacting a) of compounds, corresponding to one of the general formulas I,

  
II and III

  

 <EMI ID = 119.1>


  
in which

  
Y represents the -CH-CH-- radical or a radical

OH

-CH-

  
CH2XH

  
n denotes a number from 0.5 to 10,

  
the two X's each independently represent one of

  
the other, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and

  
R represents a hydrocarbon radical of aliphatic or aromatic character, which is optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom

  
or sulfur,

  
with b) phosphorus pentasulfide, as well as its metal or ammonium salts and its addition compounds with olefins, alkyl halides, cycloalkyl halides, epoxides or epithio compounds, optionally substituted .


    

Claims (1)

2.- Mélange selon la revendication 1, caracté- <EMI ID=120.1> 2.- Mixture according to claim 1, char- <EMI ID = 120.1> CH2XH CH2XH gène. 3.- Mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que n,dans les formules I, II et III, représente uncomfortable. 3.- Mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that n, in formulas I, II and III, represents <EMI ID=121.1> <EMI ID = 121.1> ment, représente le nombre 1. ment, represents the number 1. 4.- Mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que R représente un radical alkyle linéaire ou, mieux, ramifié, éventuellement interrompu par des atomes d'oxygène ou de soufre ou représente un radical cyclo-alkyle, aryle ou aralkyle, éventuellement porteur de radicaux alkyles contenant de préférence de 1 à 12 atomes de carbone. 4.- Mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that R represents a linear alkyl radical or, better, branched, optionally interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms or represents a cyclo-alkyl, aryl or aralkyl radical, optionally carrying alkyl radicals preferably containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms. 5.- Mélange selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'alkyle contient de 1 à 30 atomes de carbone, le cyclo-alkyle contient de 5 à 8 atomes de carbone dans son cycle et est plus spécialement un radical cyclohexyle, l'aryle est un radical phényle, l'aralkyle est un radical benzyle, et le cyclo-alkyle, le phényle ou le benzyle porte 1 ou 2 radicaux alkyles. 5.- Mixture according to claim 4, characterized in that the alkyl contains from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, the cyclo-alkyl contains from 5 to 8 carbon atoms in its ring and is more especially a cyclohexyl radical, the aryl is a phenyl radical, aralkyl is a benzyl radical, and cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl carries 1 or 2 alkyl radicals. 6.- Mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que R, dans les formules I, II et III, représente un radical alkyle linéaire ou,mieux,ramifié, contenant de 1 6.- Mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that R, in formulas I, II and III, represents a linear alkyl radical or, better, branched, containing 1 à 24 atomes de carbone, de préférence de 4 à 18. 24 carbon atoms, preferably 4-18. 7.- Mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les sels métalliques sont des sels de baryum, de calcium, de titane, de zinc, de molybdène ou de molybdényle et les sels d'ammonium sont des sels dérivant de l'ammoniac ou d'amines primaires, secondaires ou tertiaires. 7.- Mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal salts are barium, calcium, titanium, zinc, molybdenum or molybdenyl salts and the ammonium salts are salts derived from ammonia or primary, secondary or tertiary amines. 8.- Mélange selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'amine renferme au moins un radical hydrocarboné éventuellement interrompu par des atomes d'oxygène ou de soufre, radical qui contient de préférence de 6 à 24 atomes de carbone, plus particulièrement de 8 à 18. 8.- Mixture according to claim 7, characterized in that the amine contains at least one hydrocarbon radical optionally interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms, which radical preferably contains from 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more particularly from 8 to 18. 9.- Mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les oléfines, les halogénures d'alkyles,les halogénures de cyclo-alkyles, les époxydes et les composés 9. A mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the olefins, the alkyl halides, the cyclo-alkyl halides, the epoxides and the compounds <EMI ID=122.1> <EMI ID = 122.1> mes de carbone, de préférence de 2 à 20. mes of carbon, preferably 2 to 20. 10.- Mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on a fait réagir, pour le préparer,1/4 de mole de pentasulfure de phosphore par mole de groupes -OH présents 10.- Mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that one reacted, to prepare it, 1/4 mole of phosphorus pentasulfide per mole of -OH groups present <EMI ID=123.1> <EMI ID = 123.1> <EMI ID=124.1> <EMI ID = 124.1> <EMI ID=125.1> <EMI ID = 125.1> pondant aux formules I ou II. laying down to formulas I or II. 12.- Mélange selon la revendication 11, 12. A mixture according to claim 11, <EMI ID=126.1> <EMI ID = 126.1> un radical iso-octyle, X représente un atome d'oxygène et n est égal à 1. an iso-octyl radical, X represents an oxygen atom and n is equal to 1. 13.- Mélange selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il s'agit d'un sel d'ammonium dérivant d'une amine aliphatique primaire ou secondaire. 13. A mixture according to claim 12, characterized in that it is an ammonium salt derived from a primary or secondary aliphatic amine. 14.- Procédé de préparation d'un mélange d'esters d'acide dithiophosphorique ou d'acide trithiophosphorique ou de leurs sels d'amines ou de métaux, selon la revendication 1, par réaction du pentasulfure de phosphore avec des composés contenant des groupes -OH et/ou -SH, procédé caractérisé en ce qu'on fait réagir avec le pentasulfure de phosphore un ccmposé répondant à l'une des formules générales I, II et III 14.- A process for preparing a mixture of esters of dithiophosphoric acid or trithiophosphoric acid or of their amine or metal salts, according to claim 1, by reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with compounds containing groups -OH and / or -SH, process characterized in that a compound corresponding to one of the general formulas I, II and III is reacted with phosphorus pentasulfide <EMI ID=127.1> <EMI ID = 127.1> dans lesquelles in which <EMI ID=128.1> <EMI ID = 128.1> CH CH <EMI ID=129.1> <EMI ID = 129.1> n désigne un nombre de 0,5 à 10, n denotes a number from 0.5 to 10, les deux X représentent chacun, indépendamment l'un de the two X's each independently represent one of l'autre, un atome d'oxygène ou un atome de soufre et R représente us radical hydrocarboné de carac- the other, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and R represents a hydrocarbon radical of charac- <EMI ID=130.1> <EMI ID = 130.1> interrompu par un atome d'oxygène ou un atome de soufre, interrupted by an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, et on neutralise éventuellement, en même temps ou ultérieurement,avec des bases métalliques, l'ammoniac ou des amines, and optionally neutralized, at the same time or subsequently, with metal bases, ammonia or amines, ou on fait réagir avec des oléfines, des halogénures d'alkyles, des halogénures de cyclo-alkyles, des époxydes ou des composés épithio, éventuellement substitués. or reacting with olefins, alkyl halides, cycloalkyl halides, epoxides or epithio compounds, optionally substituted. 15.- Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait réagir avec 1/4 de mole de pentasulfure de phosphore par mole de groupes -OH présents dans les composés de formule I, II ou III. 15.- The method of claim 14, characterized in that reacted with 1/4 mole of phosphorus pentasulfide per mole of -OH groups present in the compounds of formula I, II or III. 16.- Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue la réaction en présence de solvants inertes, de préférence en présence d'hydrocarbures, que l'on élimine à nouveau après la réaction. 16. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of inert solvents, preferably in the presence of hydrocarbons, which is removed again after the reaction. <EMI ID=131.1> <EMI ID = 131.1> térisé en ce qu'on effectua la réaction à des températures de terized in that the reaction was carried out at temperatures of <EMI ID=132.1> <EMI ID = 132.1> 18.- Composition renfermant des lubrifiants minéraux et/ou synthétiques et un mélange selon la revendication 1. 18.- A composition containing mineral and / or synthetic lubricants and a mixture according to claim 1. 19.- Utilisation du mélange selon la revendication 1 comme additif stabilisant pour des lubrifiants. 19.- Use of the mixture according to claim 1 as a stabilizing additive for lubricants. 20.- Mélange.selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que, pour le préparer, on a fait réagir des 20.- Mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, to prepare it, was reacted <EMI ID=133.1> <EMI ID = 133.1>
BE184832A 1977-02-03 1978-02-02 MIXTURE OF DITHIOPHOSPHORIC OR TRITHIOPHOSPHORIC DIESTERS FOR USE AS LUBRICANT STABILIZER. BE863566A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5980827A (en) * 1992-09-16 1999-11-09 Triosyn Corp Disinfection of air using an iodine/resin disinfectant

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5980827A (en) * 1992-09-16 1999-11-09 Triosyn Corp Disinfection of air using an iodine/resin disinfectant

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