BE841726A - PROCESS FOR PREPARING DIARYLIC COMPOUNDS OR HETEROARYLIC COMPOUNDS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS - Google Patents

PROCESS FOR PREPARING DIARYLIC COMPOUNDS OR HETEROARYLIC COMPOUNDS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS

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Publication number
BE841726A
BE841726A BE166940A BE166940A BE841726A BE 841726 A BE841726 A BE 841726A BE 166940 A BE166940 A BE 166940A BE 166940 A BE166940 A BE 166940A BE 841726 A BE841726 A BE 841726A
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Belgium
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emi
reaction
compounds
water
phase
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BE166940A
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French (fr)
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    • C07D307/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/77Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D307/91Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
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    • C07D209/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
    • C07D209/04Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
    • C07D209/08Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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    • C07D209/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/56Ring systems containing three or more rings
    • C07D209/80[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
    • C07D209/82Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
    • C07D209/88Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/62Oxygen or sulfur atoms
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    • C07D213/64One oxygen atom attached in position 2 or 6
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    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/62Oxygen or sulfur atoms
    • C07D213/63One oxygen atom
    • C07D213/68One oxygen atom attached in position 4
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/62Oxygen or sulfur atoms
    • C07D213/70Sulfur atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/20Oxygen atoms
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    • C07D215/00Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/20Oxygen atoms
    • C07D215/24Oxygen atoms attached in position 8
    • C07D215/26Alcohols; Ethers thereof
    • C07D215/28Alcohols; Ethers thereof with halogen atoms or nitro radicals in positions 5, 6 or 7
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    • C07D215/00Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
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    • C07D215/16Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/36Sulfur atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D217/00Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
    • C07D217/02Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring; Alkylene-bis-isoquinolines
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D219/00Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems
    • C07D219/04Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
    • C07D219/06Oxygen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D231/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
    • C07D231/54Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D231/56Benzopyrazoles; Hydrogenated benzopyrazoles
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D235/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
    • C07D235/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D235/04Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
    • C07D235/24Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
    • C07D235/28Sulfur atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D263/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/52Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D263/54Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles
    • C07D263/56Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 2
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D263/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/52Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D263/54Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles
    • C07D263/58Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D265/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D265/281,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
    • C07D265/341,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • C07D265/38[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D277/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
    • C07D277/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D277/20Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D277/32Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D277/38Nitrogen atoms
    • C07D277/44Acylated amino or imino radicals
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D277/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
    • C07D277/60Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D277/62Benzothiazoles
    • C07D277/68Benzothiazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
    • C07D277/70Sulfur atoms
    • C07D277/74Sulfur atoms substituted by carbon atoms
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D279/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D279/101,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
    • C07D279/141,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D279/18[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
    • C07D279/20[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings with hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

       

   <EMI ID=1.1> 
 

  
La présente invention concerne un nouveau procédé

  
 <EMI ID=2.1> 

  
diaryliques obtenus par ce procédé.

  
On sait préparer un diaryléther par fusion alcaline. En dehors de la dépense élevée en énergie, qu'exige une durée

  
 <EMI ID=3.1> 

  
peut pas empêcher la production de réactions secondaires diminuant le rendement à la température de réaction élevée. A cela sont liées des opérations onéreuses de purification pour obtenir un produit pur.

  
Par le procédé de la présente invention on peut surmonter ces difficultés. On obtient ainsi d'une façon surprenante des composés diaryliques avec des rendements très élevés, souvent quantitatif s. les produits obtenus se forment avec une grande pureté de sorte qu'il n'est paa nécessaire de les purifier dans la plupart des cas- Les conditions de la réaction sont simples et son déroulement est facile à contrôler.

  
Le nouveau procédé pour la préparation des composés diaryliques de formule :

  
 <EMI ID=4.1> 

  
substitués ou non-substitués qui peuvent aussi contenir des hétéroatomes, ou encore des cycles fixés par condensation*

  
 <EMI ID=5.1> 

  
Z est un groupe fixant des électrons et

  
 <EMI ID=6.1> 

  
ce procédé étant caractérisé par le fait qu'on fait réagir des composés de formule

  
A - Y - Me (2) .dans laquelle Me est un ion de métal alcalin ou un ion <EMI ID=7.1> 

  
dans laquelle X est un halogène ou un groupe nitro activé et qui est présent une ou plusieurs fois, et les autres symboles ont les significations indiquées plus haut dans un système à deux phases, l'une des phases étant de l'eau ou un  <EMI ID=8.1> 

  
en réaction, et l'autre phase étant constituée par une masse fondue du réactif (3) ou par sa solution dans un solvant oudes solvants organiques (3) non miscibles à l'eau et dans laquelle le réactif (3) est mis en réaction en utilisant de 0,01 % à
40 % en mole, calculé sur la quantité du composé (3), de dérivée d'ammonium ou de phosphonium quaternaire comme catalyseurs.

  
En fonction du nombre de restes X dans les réactifs

  
 <EMI ID=9.1> 

  
Les restes A et/ou A' peuvent comporter en cutre un ou plusieurs substituants.

  
Comme substituants on peut citer par exemple de

  
 <EMI ID=10.1> 

  
aryle comme le groupe phényle.

  
 <EMI ID=11.1> 

  
en particulier un reste de benzène ou de naphtaline.

  
Comme exemple de groupes fixant des électrons

  
 <EMI ID=12.1> 

  
ci-dessus.

  
Comme matières de départ de formule (2) on peut

  
 <EMI ID=13.1>  <EMI ID=14.1>  

  
 <EMI ID=15.1>   <EMI ID=16.1> 

  
Les catalyseurs utilisables selon la présente invention sont des compoeée d'ammonium ou de phoaphonium quaternaire comme par exemple le bromure ou le chlorure de tétra-

  
 <EMI ID=17.1> 

  
Il est avantageux que les catalyseurs soient solublés aussi bien dans Veau que dans les solvants organiques utilisés. Comme solvants organiques non miscibles à l'eau on peut citer surtout les hydrocarbures chlorés aliphatiques et aromatiques, comme le tétrachlorure de carbone, le trichloréthylène en particulier le chlorure de méthylène) et le chloro-

  
 <EMI ID=18.1> 

  
tion muni d'un réfrigérant ascendant et d'un agitateur ou bien dans un autoclave muni d'agitateur, étant donné qu'on peut

  
 <EMI ID=19.1>  

  
 <EMI ID=20.1> 

  
La température de la réaction varie dans de larges limites depuis la température ordinaire jusqu'à 120[deg.]C et dépend de la réactivité de" composants mis en oeuvre. Quand

  
 <EMI ID=21.1> 

  
est de l'oxygène la température de réaction est avantageuse-

  
 <EMI ID=22.1> 

  
10 à 40 %) avant le début de la réaction . Cette teneur en eau suffit la plupart du temps pour former un système à deux phases (mélange eau/solvant). En utilisant des solutions alcalines fortement concentrées, une addition d'eau peut 8tre éventuellement nécessaire. En détail on opère comme suit :

  
Le composant de départ A-Y-H est ajouté. une certaine quantité de solution aqueuse alcaline de façon qu'il existe sous forme de sel alcalin et/ou que la solution ou

  
la suspension obtenue montre une réaction franchement alcaline. Cette solution est placée dans un vase à réaction après quoi

  
 <EMI ID=23.1> 

  
non miscible à l'eau, puis on ajoute le catalyseur conforme à la définition et on agite pendant environ 4 à 6 heures à une température comprise entre la température ordinaire et

  
 <EMI ID=24.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=25.1> 

  
précipité et on lave à l'eau jusqu'à neutralité.

  
Le produit de formule (1) obtenu possède la pureté nécessaire pour une nouvelle opération. Le rendement est en

  
 <EMI ID=26.1> 

  
supérieur à 90 % .

  
Les composés de formule (1) préparés selon le nouveau procédé de la présente invention sont des produits intermédiaires précieux pour les insecticides, herbicides ou bactériostatiques ainsi que dans la synthèse des colorants, -

  
 <EMI ID=27.1> 

  
re, ce qui a surtout étonné est le fait que pour des températures de réaction bien plus basses du procédé de la présente invention, un degré de réaction très élevé des réactifs est atteint, le produit obtenu étant de plus très pur. On obtient de très bons résultats quand on fait réagir les composants de

  
 <EMI ID=28.1> 

  
de formule (3). Ceci offre par rapport au procédé par fusion

  
 <EMI ID=29.1> 

  
de phénols toxiques dans les eaux résiduaires, ce qui évite des opérations de purification des eaux résiduaires dispendieuses et onéreuses. On peut remarquer aussi que du point de vue technique de la sécurité, le nouveau procédé, par rapport au procédé par fusion alcaline utilisé jusqu'ici, offre de" avantagea considérables.- D'après la synthèse des diaryléthera connus jusqu'ici on faisait agir à une température d'au "oins

  
 <EMI ID=30.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=31.1> 

  
déroulant avec une réaction exothermique-et un départ d'eau simultané par diatillation. Il fallait alors doser exactement

  
 <EMI ID=32.1> 

  
du mélange réactionnel par exemple par entraînement à la vapeur d'eau, dans uns prochaine opération.

  
Les avantages du nouveau procédé sont en outre inclus également encore dans le mode opératoire directement simplifié de la technique du procédé.

  
La présente invention est illustrée par les exemples

  
 <EMI ID=33.1> 

  
exprimées en degrés centigrades, les parties sont exprimées en poids.

Exemple 1

  
Dans un autoclave comportant un agitateur, de 1 li-

  
 <EMI ID=34.1> 

  
ammonium, enferme l'autoclave et on chauffe le mélange réactionnel pendant 6 heures à 100[deg.] tout en agitant bien, ce qui fait qu'il ne se développe qu'une faible pression comprise entre 0,7 et 0,8 bar.

  
Après le refroidissement, le mélange réactionnel est soumis à un entraînement à la vapeur d'eau. Le chlorobenzène entraîné ainsi qu'un peu de l-chloro-4-nitrobenzène en excès sont recueillis et ré-utilisés dans la prochaine réaction. Le 4-nitrodiphényléther restant comme produit après l'entraînement à la vapeur d'eau apparaît d'abord sous forme d'une

  
 <EMI ID=35.1> 

  
froidissement, se solidifie en un produit à gros cristaux

  
 <EMI ID=36.1> 

  
du rendement théorique) le 4-nitrodiphényléther pur (point

  
de fusion 55[deg.]C) . On échantillon recristallisé dans l'alcool

  
 <EMI ID=37.1> 

  
Le 4-nitrodiphényléther préparé de cette façon peut être ré-utilisé ensuite sans aucune purification ultérieure pour des réactions consécutives, par exemple pour des réductions du groupe nitro.

  
Si on répète l'exemple 1 avec des parties égales des réactifs et dans des conditions exactement identiques mais sans ajouter de catalyseurs, on n'obtient pas de 4-nitrodi-

  
 <EMI ID=38.1> 

  
Si on procède comme indiqua dans l'exemple, mais ai on utilise à la place du phénol des quantités équimolaires

  
 <EMI ID=39.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=40.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=41.1> 

  
qués dans la colonne III . 

  
 <EMI ID=42.1> 

  
18.

Exemple 19

  
Dans un ballon à fond rond de un litre, on dissout
108 g (1 mole) de p-crésol dans un mélange composé de 125 ml d'une solution à 30 % d'hydroxyde de sodium et de 100 ml d'eau, et dans cette solution on introduit 157,5 g (1 mole) de pchloro-nitrobenzène. Après avoir ajouté 16 g de bromure de té-

  
 <EMI ID=43.1> 

  
dant 7 heures en agitant bien. Ensuite on ramène la tempéra-

  
 <EMI ID=44.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=45.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=46.1> 


  
sous forme d'un produit à gros cristaux, jaune clair, qu'on lave avec de l'eau jusqu'à neutralité et qu'on sèche sous vide. Ren-

  
 <EMI ID=47.1> 

  
façon peut être de nouveau utilisé ensuite chaque fois sans aucune purification ultérieure pour des réactions consécutives, par exemple pour des réductions de groupe nitro.

  
Selon les variantes du procédé décrit dans cet exemple on peut obtenir la plupart des produits en fonction du point de fusion des réactifs de la colonne I , comme on le décrit dans les exemples précédents. 

  
.Tableau 
 <EMI ID=48.1> 
 
 <EMI ID=49.1> 
  <EMI ID=50.1> 

  
Dans un ballon à fond rond on dissout 5,5 P (0,05 mole) de thiophénol et 4,8 P d'hydroxyde de sodium dans 40 P d'eau. Après avoir ajouté 0,8 P (0,0025 mole) du catalyseur

  
 <EMI ID=51.1> 

  
forme, on agite énergiquement le mélange réactionnel pendant 4 heures à la température ordinaire. Après la séparation de la couche organique celle-ci est lavée avec de l'eau jusqu'à réaction neutre, séché* sur du sulfate de magnésium puis on chasse le solvant sous vide. Le résidu cristallin est séché

  
 <EMI ID=52.1> 

  
75 % de la théorie. 

Exemple 22

  
 <EMI ID=53.1>  

  
L'huile jeune restante se prend par refroidissement et agitation en une masse cristalline solide. Celle-ci est séparée par filtration, broyée et lavée jusqu'à neutralité. Après

  
 <EMI ID=54.1> 

  
éther de formule 

  

 <EMI ID=55.1> 


  
avec un rendement de 14,45 P soit 94 % de la théorie.

Exemple 23

  
 <EMI ID=56.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=57.1> 

  
lon à fond rond en même temps qu'une solution de 4,7 P (0,05 mo-

  
 <EMI ID=58.1> 

  
en ajoutant 1,6 P (0,005 mole) du catalyseur bromure de tétrabutylammonium et en agitant énergiquement pendant 4 heures à la température ordinaire. Ensuite on sépare les phases organiques et on lave avec l'eau jusqu'à neutralité,. on sèche sur du sulfate de magnésium et on concentre sous vide. Il reste une huile jaune foncée qui se prend par refroidissement. Après séparation par filtration , lavage et séchage on obtient le 2,4-dinitro-diphényléther avec un rendement de 12,1 P soit 93 % de la théorie. Un échantillon recristallisé dans

  
 <EMI ID=59.1> 

  
théorie.

Exemple 24

  
On agite pendant 24 heures à une température com-

  
 <EMI ID=60.1>   <EMI ID=61.1> 

  
benzène et 50 F d'eau -. On soumet ensuite le mélange formé à un entraînement à la vapeur d'eau , ce qui permet d'élimi-

  
 <EMI ID=62.1> 

  
réagi.

  
 <EMI ID=63.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=64.1> 


  
qu'on sépare par filtration et qu'on sèche Après récris-

  
 <EMI ID=65.1> 

  
la colonne III . 

  
 <EMI ID=66.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=67.1> 
 

  

 <EMI ID=68.1> 
 

  

 <EMI ID=69.1> 
 

  
 <EMI ID=70.1> 

Exemple 50 

  
Dans un ballon à fond rond de 100 ml, on ajoute à la solution de 5t5 g (0,05 mole) de thiophénol dans 5 ml d'une solution à 30 % d' hydroxyde de sodium, 7,9 g (0,05 mole) de p-chloronitrobenzône et 1,27 g (0,0025 mole) du catalyseur bromure de n-hexadécyl-tributyl-phesphonium et on chauffe le mélange réactionnel, tout en agitant, pendant

  
 <EMI ID=71.1> 

  
25 ml d'eau, on sépare par filtration le 4-nitro-diphénylsulfure précipité, on le lave avec de l'eau jusqu'à neutra-

  
 <EMI ID=72.1> 

  
de la théorie. Un échantillon recristallisé dans l'alcool fond à 52[deg.] - 53[deg.] . 

Exemple 51

  
Dans un ballon à fond rond de 100 ml on ajoute à la solution de 4,7 g (0,05 mole) de phénol dans 5 ml d'une so-

  
 <EMI ID=73.1> 

  
catalyseur bromure de benzyl-tributyl-ammonium et on chauffe le mélange visqueux pendant 1 heure à 55[deg.] - 60[deg.] tout en agitant bien. Après de refroidissement il reste un produit visqueux qui cristallise après trituration avec de l'éthanol . On filtre, on lave avec de l'eau jusqu'à neutralité et on sè-

  
 <EMI ID=74.1> 

  
d'un produit de réaction de formule :

  

 <EMI ID=75.1> 


  
fondant à 66[deg.] - 68[deg.] .

  
 <EMI ID=76.1>  

  
 <EMI ID=77.1> 

  
le produit de réaction formé on le lave avec de l'eau jusqu'à neutralité et en le sèche sous vide. On obtient le produit de réaction de formule :

  

 <EMI ID=78.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=79.1> 

  
Selon les variantes du procédé décrit dans cet exemple, on peut obtenir la plupart des produits du tableau 2 en fonction des points de fusion des réactifs mentionnés dans la colonne I, comme on l'a décrit dans les exemples précédents.

  
 <EMI ID=80.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=81.1> 

  
ne solution à 30% d'hydroxyde de sodium on ajoute 10,35 P (0,05 mole) de 2-nitro-4,5-dichloro-aniline, 1,2 P du catalyseur bro-

  
 <EMI ID=82.1> 

  
fe ce mélange dans un autoclave comportant un agitateur pendant 8 heures à 110[deg.], ce qui fait qu'il se développe une faible pression de 0,8 à 0,9 bar. Après refroidissement, on sépare le chlo-

  
 <EMI ID=83.1> 

  
obtient le 5-amino-2-chloro-4-nitrodiphényléther de formule : 

  

 <EMI ID=84.1> 


  
avec un rendement de 12,2 P soit 92% de la théorie soue forme

  
 <EMI ID=85.1> 

  
Si on procède comme décrit dans cet exemple, mais en utilisant à la place du phénol des quantités équimolaires des phénols (com-

  
 <EMI ID=86.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=87.1> 

  
la colonne II, on obtient les diaryléthers de la colonne III. 

  
. 

  

 <EMI ID=88.1> 
 

  

 <EMI ID=89.1> 
 

  

 <EMI ID=90.1> 
 

  

 <EMI ID=91.1> 
 

  
 <EMI ID=92.1> 

  
Si on procède comme dans l'exemple 53 mais en utilisant à la place du 2-nitro-4,5-dichloreaniline 11,85 P de 2-nitro4,4-dichloro-acétanilide, on obtient le 5-amino-2-chloro-4-

  
 <EMI ID=93.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=94.1> 

  
Ce mode opératoire permet d' introduire un groupe phé-

  
 <EMI ID=95.1> 

Exemple 84

  
Une solution de 28,2 P (0,3 mole) de phénol dans 40 P d'une solution à 30 % d'hydroxyde de sodium est agitée énergiquement pendant 12 heures à la température ordinaire avec une

  
 <EMI ID=96.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=97.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=98.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=99.1> 

  
Si dans l'exemple ci-dessus on remplace le phénol utilisé par 33 P de thiophénol, la durée de réaction ne s'élève

  
 <EMI ID=100.1> 

  
de formule : 

  

 <EMI ID=101.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=102.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=103.1> 

Exemple 85

  
On ajoute à une solution de 9,4 P (0,1 mole) de  <EMI ID=104.1>  crobenzène et 1,2 P de bromure de tétrabutyl-ammonium dans
22 P de chlorobenzène et on chauffe le mélange dans un auto-

  
 <EMI ID=105.1> 

  
vapeur d'eau on obtient d'abord une huile qui par refroidissement et trituration se prend rapidement et se présente comme

  
 <EMI ID=106.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=107.1> 


  
Le rendement est de 12,9 P soit 84 % de la théorie et le produit obtenu est absolument identique avec un produit comparable obtenu dans l'exemple 18 à partir du 2,4-dichloro-nitrobenzène et du phénol.

  
Si dans l'exemple ci-dessus on remplace le phénol mis en oeuvre par 11 P (0,1 mole) de thiophénol déjà aucun produit de départ ne peut plus être décelé par chromatographie en cou-

  
 <EMI ID=108.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=109.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=110.1> 

  
Un échantillon recristallisé dans l'alcool fond à 114 - 116[deg.].

Exemple 86

  
A une solution de 1,97 p (0,021 mole) de phénol et

  
1 p (0,025 mole) d'hydroxyde de sodium dans 5 P d'eau, on

  
 <EMI ID=111.1> 

  
dans 17 P de chlorobenzène et on chauffe ce mélange dans un  <EMI ID=112.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=113.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=114.1> 

  
Le produit isomère de position de formule :

  

 <EMI ID=115.1> 


  
du produit de réaction décrit ci-dessus est obtenu quand à la

  
 <EMI ID=116.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=117.1> 

  
la solution de 7,49 P (0,03 mole) de 5-chloro-2-nitrod.iphényléther et 0,48 P de bromure de tétrabutylammonium dans 16 P de

  
 <EMI ID=118.1> 

  
dant 3 heures à une température de 50[deg.]. Aprèe séparation du chlorobenzène par entraînement à la vapeur d'eau on obtient tout d'abord une huile qui, après trituration avec un peu d'alcool,

  
 <EMI ID=119.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=120.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=121.1> 

  
Si on procède comme dans l'exemple 1 mais en utilisant 

  
 <EMI ID=122.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=123.1> 

  
et des halogénobenzènes (composés de formule 3) indiquée dans 

  
 <EMI ID=124.1> 

  
éthers et les nitrothiorésorcine-éthers de la colonne III asy-  métriquement substitués. 

  
 <EMI ID=125.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=126.1> 
 

  

 <EMI ID=127.1> 
 

  
 <EMI ID=128.1> 

  
Dans un mélange composé de 8,5 P d'une solution à
30 % d'hydroxyde de sodium et de 75 P de chloroforme, on in-

  
 <EMI ID=129.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=130.1> 

  
énergiquement, après quoi on ne peut plus déceler de produit

  
 <EMI ID=131.1> 

  
phase organique, on la lave avbc de l'eau jusqu'à neutralité, on la sèche sur du sulfate de magnésium et on la concentre,

  
 <EMI ID=132.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=133.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=134.1> 


  
avec un rendement de 15 P soit 93 % de. la théorie. Un échan-

  
 <EMI ID=135.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=136.1>   <EMI ID=137.1> 

  
on obtient la 2-phénoxy-5-nitropyridine de formule : 

  

 <EMI ID=138.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=139.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=140.1> 

  
gènes activée indiqués dans la colonne II, on obtient les produits de réaction de la colonne III. 

  
 <EMI ID=141.1> 
 <EMI ID=142.1> 
 
 <EMI ID=143.1> 
 
 <EMI ID=144.1> 
  <EMI ID=145.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=146.1> 

  
de formule : 

  

 <EMI ID=147.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=148.1> 

  
l'un de l'autre, représentent des restes aryliques ou diphényliques substituée ou non substitués, qui peuvent contenir des hétéroatomes ou encore des cycles fixas par condensation,

  
 <EMI ID=149.1> 

  
Z est un groupe fixant des électrons et

  
n est un nombre valant 1 à 3 , 

  
ce procédé étant caractérisé par le fait qu'on fait réagir des composés de formule :

  

 <EMI ID=150.1> 


  
dans laquelle Me est un ion de métal alcalin ou: un ion ammonium et dans laquelle le reste Y-Me est présent une ou

  
 <EMI ID=151.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=152.1> 


  
dans laquelle X est un halogène ou un groupe nitro activé et

  
 <EMI ID=153.1> 

  
ont la signification indiquée ci-dessus, dans un système à deux phases, une phase étant de l'eau ou un milieu alcalin aqueux dans laquelle le réactif (2) est mis en réaction,

  
et l'autre phase étant constituée par une masse fondue du réactif (3) ou par sa solution dans un solvant ou des solvants organiques non miscibles à l'eau, et dans laquelle le réactif

  
(3) est mis en réaction en utilisant de 0,01 % à 40 % en mole,

  
 <EMI ID=154.1> 

  
ou de phosphonium quaternaire comme catalyseurs.



   <EMI ID = 1.1>
 

  
The present invention relates to a new method

  
 <EMI ID = 2.1>

  
diaryls obtained by this process.

  
It is known to prepare a diaryl ether by alkaline fusion. Apart from the high expenditure of energy, which requires a

  
 <EMI ID = 3.1>

  
cannot prevent the production of side reactions decreasing the yield at the high reaction temperature. To this are linked expensive purification operations to obtain a pure product.

  
By the process of the present invention these difficulties can be overcome. In this way, surprisingly, diaryl compounds are obtained in very high, often quantitative, yields. the products obtained are formed with high purity so that it is not necessary to purify them in most cases. The reaction conditions are simple and its progress is easy to control.

  
The new process for the preparation of diaryl compounds of formula:

  
 <EMI ID = 4.1>

  
substituted or unsubstituted which may also contain heteroatoms, or rings fixed by condensation *

  
 <EMI ID = 5.1>

  
Z is a group fixing electrons and

  
 <EMI ID = 6.1>

  
this process being characterized by the fact that compounds of formula

  
A - Y - Me (2). Where Me is an alkali metal ion or an ion <EMI ID = 7.1>

  
wherein X is halogen or an activated nitro group and which is present one or more times, and the other symbols have the meanings given above in a two phase system, one of the phases being water or a < EMI ID = 8.1>

  
in reaction, and the other phase consisting of a melt of the reagent (3) or of its solution in a solvent or of organic solvents (3) immiscible with water and in which the reagent (3) is reacted using 0.01% to
40 mol%, calculated on the amount of compound (3), of ammonium derivative or quaternary phosphonium as catalysts.

  
Depending on the number of X residues in the reagents

  
 <EMI ID = 9.1>

  
The A and / or A ′ residues may also contain one or more substituents.

  
As substituents, mention may be made, for example, of

  
 <EMI ID = 10.1>

  
aryl such as phenyl.

  
 <EMI ID = 11.1>

  
in particular a residue of benzene or naphthalene.

  
As an example of groups fixing electrons

  
 <EMI ID = 12.1>

  
above.

  
As starting materials of formula (2) it is possible

  
 <EMI ID = 13.1> <EMI ID = 14.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 15.1> <EMI ID = 16.1>

  
The catalysts which can be used according to the present invention are compounds of ammonium or of quaternary phoaphonium such as, for example, tetra bromide or chloride.

  
 <EMI ID = 17.1>

  
It is advantageous for the catalysts to be soluble both in water and in the organic solvents used. As organic solvents immiscible with water, mention may especially be made of chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, in particular methylene chloride) and chloro-

  
 <EMI ID = 18.1>

  
equipped with an ascending condenser and an agitator or in an autoclave equipped with an agitator, since it is possible

  
 <EMI ID = 19.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 20.1>

  
The reaction temperature varies within wide limits from room temperature up to 120 [deg.] C and depends on the reactivity of the components involved.

  
 <EMI ID = 21.1>

  
is oxygen the reaction temperature is advantageous

  
 <EMI ID = 22.1>

  
10 to 40%) before the start of the reaction. This water content is sufficient most of the time to form a two-phase system (water / solvent mixture). When using highly concentrated alkaline solutions, addition of water may be necessary. In detail, we operate as follows:

  
The starting component A-Y-H is added. a certain amount of alkaline aqueous solution so that it exists as an alkali salt and / or the solution or

  
the suspension obtained shows a clearly alkaline reaction. This solution is placed in a reaction vessel after which

  
 <EMI ID = 23.1>

  
immiscible with water, then the catalyst according to the definition is added and the mixture is stirred for about 4 to 6 hours at a temperature between room temperature and

  
 <EMI ID = 24.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 25.1>

  
precipitated and washed with water until neutral.

  
The product of formula (1) obtained has the purity necessary for a new operation. The yield is in

  
 <EMI ID = 26.1>

  
greater than 90%.

  
The compounds of formula (1) prepared according to the new process of the present invention are valuable intermediates for insecticides, herbicides or bacteriostats as well as in the synthesis of dyes, -

  
 <EMI ID = 27.1>

  
Re, what was especially surprising is the fact that for much lower reaction temperatures of the process of the present invention, a very high degree of reaction of the reactants is achieved, the product obtained being moreover very pure. Very good results are obtained when the components of

  
 <EMI ID = 28.1>

  
of formula (3). This offers compared to the fusion process

  
 <EMI ID = 29.1>

  
toxic phenols in the waste water, which avoids expensive and expensive waste water purification operations. It can also be noted that from the technical point of view of safety, the new process, compared to the alkaline fusion process used heretofore, offers considerable advantages. From the synthesis of the diarylethera known heretofore, one made act at a temperature of at least

  
 <EMI ID = 30.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 31.1>

  
taking place with an exothermic reaction and a simultaneous departure of water by diatillation. It was then necessary to dose exactly

  
 <EMI ID = 32.1>

  
of the reaction mixture, for example by stripping with steam, in a subsequent operation.

  
The advantages of the new process are further included also still in the directly simplified procedure of the process technique.

  
The present invention is illustrated by the examples

  
 <EMI ID = 33.1>

  
expressed in degrees centigrade, parts are expressed by weight.

Example 1

  
In an autoclave comprising a stirrer, 1 liter

  
 <EMI ID = 34.1>

  
ammonium, encloses the autoclave and the reaction mixture is heated for 6 hours at 100 [deg.] while stirring well, so that only a low pressure of between 0.7 and 0.8 bar develops. .

  
After cooling, the reaction mixture is subjected to steam stripping. The chlorobenzene entrained as well as some excess 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene are collected and re-used in the next reaction. The 4-nitrodiphenyl ether remaining as product after steam stripping first appears as a

  
 <EMI ID = 35.1>

  
cold, solidifies to a coarse crystal product

  
 <EMI ID = 36.1>

  
of the theoretical yield) pure 4-nitrodiphenyl ether (point

  
of fusion 55 [deg.] C). Sample recrystallized from alcohol

  
 <EMI ID = 37.1>

  
The 4-nitrodiphenyl ether prepared in this way can then be re-used without any subsequent purification for subsequent reactions, for example for reductions of the nitro group.

  
If Example 1 is repeated with equal parts of the reactants and under exactly identical conditions but without adding catalysts, no 4-nitrodi is obtained.

  
 <EMI ID = 38.1>

  
If we proceed as indicated in the example, but we use instead of the phenol equimolar amounts

  
 <EMI ID = 39.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 40.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 41.1>

  
qués in column III.

  
 <EMI ID = 42.1>

  
18.

Example 19

  
In a one liter round bottom flask, dissolve
108 g (1 mole) of p-cresol in a mixture composed of 125 ml of a 30% solution of sodium hydroxide and 100 ml of water, and into this solution are introduced 157.5 g (1 mole ) pchloro-nitrobenzene. After adding 16 g of te bromide

  
 <EMI ID = 43.1>

  
for 7 hours, stirring well. Then we bring the tempera-

  
 <EMI ID = 44.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 45.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 46.1>


  
as a coarse, light yellow product which is washed with water until neutral and dried in vacuo. Ren-

  
 <EMI ID = 47.1>

  
way can then be used again each time without any further purification for subsequent reactions, for example for nitro group reductions.

  
According to the variants of the process described in this example, most of the products can be obtained as a function of the melting point of the reagents in column I, as described in the preceding examples.

  
.Board
 <EMI ID = 48.1>
 
 <EMI ID = 49.1>
  <EMI ID = 50.1>

  
5.5 P (0.05 mol) of thiophenol and 4.8 P of sodium hydroxide are dissolved in 40 P of water in a round-bottomed flask. After adding 0.8 P (0.0025 mole) of the catalyst

  
 <EMI ID = 51.1>

  
The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously for 4 hours at room temperature. After separation of the organic layer, it is washed with water until neutral reaction, dried * over magnesium sulfate and then the solvent is removed in vacuo. The crystalline residue is dried

  
 <EMI ID = 52.1>

  
75% of theory.

Example 22

  
 <EMI ID = 53.1>

  
The remaining young oil sets by cooling and stirring to a solid crystalline mass. This is separated by filtration, crushed and washed until neutrality. After

  
 <EMI ID = 54.1>

  
formula ether

  

 <EMI ID = 55.1>


  
with a yield of 14.45 P or 94% of theory.

Example 23

  
 <EMI ID = 56.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 57.1>

  
round bottom lon together with a solution of 4.7 P (0.05 mo-

  
 <EMI ID = 58.1>

  
adding 1.6 P (0.005 mol) of the tetrabutylammonium bromide catalyst and stirring vigorously for 4 hours at room temperature. Then the organic phases are separated and washed with water until neutral. dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. A dark yellow oil remains which sets on cooling. After separation by filtration, washing and drying, 2,4-dinitro-diphenyl ether is obtained with a yield of 12.1 P, ie 93% of theory. A sample recrystallized from

  
 <EMI ID = 59.1>

  
theory.

Example 24

  
Stirred for 24 hours at a temperature of

  
 <EMI ID = 60.1> <EMI ID = 61.1>

  
benzene and 50 F of water -. The mixture formed is then subjected to stripping with water vapor, which makes it possible to remove

  
 <EMI ID = 62.1>

  
reacted.

  
 <EMI ID = 63.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 64.1>


  
which is separated by filtration and dried.

  
 <EMI ID = 65.1>

  
column III.

  
 <EMI ID = 66.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 67.1>
 

  

 <EMI ID = 68.1>
 

  

 <EMI ID = 69.1>
 

  
 <EMI ID = 70.1>

Example 50

  
In a 100 ml round-bottomed flask is added to the solution of 5t5 g (0.05 mol) of thiophenol in 5 ml of a 30% solution of sodium hydroxide, 7.9 g (0.05 mole) of p-chloronitrobenzone and 1.27 g (0.0025 mole) of the n-hexadecyl-tributyl-phesphonium bromide catalyst and the reaction mixture is heated, with stirring, for

  
 <EMI ID = 71.1>

  
25 ml of water, the precipitated 4-nitro-diphenylsulfide is filtered off, washed with water until neutral.

  
 <EMI ID = 72.1>

  
of theory. A sample recrystallized from alcohol melts at 52 [deg.] - 53 [deg.].

Example 51

  
In a 100 ml round-bottomed flask is added to the solution of 4.7 g (0.05 mol) of phenol in 5 ml of a so-

  
 <EMI ID = 73.1>

  
benzyl-tributyl-ammonium bromide catalyst and the viscous mixture is heated for 1 hour at 55 [deg.] - 60 [deg.] while stirring well. After cooling, a viscous product remains which crystallizes after trituration with ethanol. Filter, wash with water until neutral and dry.

  
 <EMI ID = 74.1>

  
of a reaction product of formula:

  

 <EMI ID = 75.1>


  
melting at 66 [deg.] - 68 [deg.].

  
 <EMI ID = 76.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 77.1>

  
the reaction product formed is washed with water until neutral and dried in vacuo. We obtain the reaction product of formula:

  

 <EMI ID = 78.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 79.1>

  
According to the variants of the process described in this example, most of the products in Table 2 can be obtained as a function of the melting points of the reagents mentioned in column I, as described in the preceding examples.

  
 <EMI ID = 80.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 81.1>

  
a 30% solution of sodium hydroxide is added 10.35 P (0.05 mol) of 2-nitro-4,5-dichloro-aniline, 1.2 P of the bro-

  
 <EMI ID = 82.1>

  
Fe this mixture in an autoclave comprising a stirrer for 8 hours at 110 [deg.], which means that a low pressure of 0.8 to 0.9 bar develops. After cooling, the chlorine is separated

  
 <EMI ID = 83.1>

  
obtains 5-amino-2-chloro-4-nitrodiphenyl ether of formula:

  

 <EMI ID = 84.1>


  
with a yield of 12.2 P or 92% of the theory under form

  
 <EMI ID = 85.1>

  
If one proceeds as described in this example, but using instead of the phenol equimolar amounts of the phenols (e.g.

  
 <EMI ID = 86.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 87.1>

  
column II, the diaryl ethers of column III are obtained.

  
.

  

 <EMI ID = 88.1>
 

  

 <EMI ID = 89.1>
 

  

 <EMI ID = 90.1>
 

  

 <EMI ID = 91.1>
 

  
 <EMI ID = 92.1>

  
If the procedure is as in Example 53 but using instead of 2-nitro-4,5-dichloreaniline 11.85 P of 2-nitro4,4-dichloro-acetanilide, 5-amino-2-chloro is obtained -4-

  
 <EMI ID = 93.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 94.1>

  
This operating mode allows the introduction of a phenomenon group.

  
 <EMI ID = 95.1>

Example 84

  
A solution of 28.2 P (0.3 mol) of phenol in 40 P of a 30% solution of sodium hydroxide is stirred vigorously for 12 hours at room temperature with a

  
 <EMI ID = 96.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 97.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 98.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 99.1>

  
If in the example above the phenol used is replaced by 33 P of thiophenol, the reaction time does not increase.

  
 <EMI ID = 100.1>

  
of formula:

  

 <EMI ID = 101.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 102.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 103.1>

Example 85

  
To a solution of 9.4 P (0.1 mol) of <EMI ID = 104.1> crobenzene and 1.2 P of tetrabutyl-ammonium bromide in
22 P of chlorobenzene and the mixture is heated in an auto-

  
 <EMI ID = 105.1>

  
water vapor is obtained first of all an oil which by cooling and trituration is set quickly and appears as

  
 <EMI ID = 106.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 107.1>


  
The yield is 12.9 P or 84% of theory and the product obtained is absolutely identical with a comparable product obtained in Example 18 from 2,4-dichloro-nitrobenzene and phenol.

  
If in the above example the phenol used is replaced by 11 P (0.1 mol) of thiophenol, no starting product can no longer be detected by color chromatography.

  
 <EMI ID = 108.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 109.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 110.1>

  
A sample recrystallized from alcohol melts at 114-116 [deg.].

Example 86

  
Has a solution of 1.97 p (0.021 mole) of phenol and

  
1 p (0.025 mole) of sodium hydroxide in 5 P of water, we

  
 <EMI ID = 111.1>

  
in 17 P of chlorobenzene and this mixture is heated in an <EMI ID = 112.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 113.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 114.1>

  
The positional isomeric product of formula:

  

 <EMI ID = 115.1>


  
of the reaction product described above is obtained when the

  
 <EMI ID = 116.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 117.1>

  
the solution of 7.49 P (0.03 mol) of 5-chloro-2-nitrod.iphenyl ether and 0.48 P of tetrabutylammonium bromide in 16 P of

  
 <EMI ID = 118.1>

  
for 3 hours at a temperature of 50 [deg.]. After separation of the chlorobenzene by stripping with water vapor, an oil is first obtained which, after trituration with a little alcohol,

  
 <EMI ID = 119.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 120.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 121.1>

  
If we proceed as in Example 1 but using

  
 <EMI ID = 122.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 123.1>

  
and halobenzenes (compounds of formula 3) indicated in

  
 <EMI ID = 124.1>

  
ethers and the asymmetrically substituted nitrothioresorcin ethers of column III.

  
 <EMI ID = 125.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 126.1>
 

  

 <EMI ID = 127.1>
 

  
 <EMI ID = 128.1>

  
In a mixture composed of 8.5 P of a solution
30% sodium hydroxide and 75 P of chloroform, we

  
 <EMI ID = 129.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 130.1>

  
vigorously, after which no product can be detected

  
 <EMI ID = 131.1>

  
organic phase, washed with water until neutral, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated,

  
 <EMI ID = 132.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 133.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 134.1>


  
with a yield of 15 P or 93% of. the theory. A sample

  
 <EMI ID = 135.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 136.1> <EMI ID = 137.1>

  
we obtain 2-phenoxy-5-nitropyridine of formula:

  

 <EMI ID = 138.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 139.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 140.1>

  
activated genes indicated in column II, the reaction products of column III are obtained.

  
 <EMI ID = 141.1>
 <EMI ID = 142.1>
 
 <EMI ID = 143.1>
 
 <EMI ID = 144.1>
  <EMI ID = 145.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 146.1>

  
of formula:

  

 <EMI ID = 147.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 148.1>

  
one on the other, represent substituted or unsubstituted aryl or diphenyl residues, which may contain heteroatoms or even rings fixed by condensation,

  
 <EMI ID = 149.1>

  
Z is a group fixing electrons and

  
n is a number from 1 to 3,

  
this process being characterized by the fact that compounds of formula are reacted:

  

 <EMI ID = 150.1>


  
in which Me is an alkali metal ion or: an ammonium ion and in which the residue Y-Me is present one or

  
 <EMI ID = 151.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 152.1>


  
wherein X is halogen or an activated nitro group and

  
 <EMI ID = 153.1>

  
have the meaning indicated above, in a two-phase system, one phase being water or an aqueous alkaline medium in which the reagent (2) is reacted,

  
and the other phase consisting of a melt of the reagent (3) or of its solution in a solvent or organic solvents immiscible with water, and in which the reagent

  
(3) is reacted using 0.01% to 40% by mole,

  
 <EMI ID = 154.1>

  
or quaternary phosphonium as catalysts.


    

Claims (1)

<EMI ID=155.1> <EMI ID = 155.1> le fait qu'on effectue la réaction dans un système à deux phases, une phase étant de l'eau ou un milieu aqueux alcalin,dans laquelle le réactif (2) est mis en réaction, et l'autre phase étant constituée par la masse fondue du réactif (3). the fact that the reaction is carried out in a two-phase system, one phase being water or an alkaline aqueous medium, in which the reagent (2) is reacted, and the other phase being constituted by the mass melted reagent (3). <EMI ID=156.1> <EMI ID = 156.1> fait; qu'on effectue la réaction dans un système à deux phases, <EMI ID=157.1> made; that the reaction is carried out in a two-phase system, <EMI ID = 157.1> en réaction et l'autre phase étant constituée par un mélange de solvants organiques non miscibles à l'eau, dans laquelle le réactif (3) est mis en réaction. in reaction and the other phase being constituted by a mixture of organic solvents immiscible with water, in which the reagent (3) is reacted. 4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4. Method according to any one of claims <EMI ID=158.1> <EMI ID = 158.1> ter un ou plusieurs des substituants suivants : ter one or more of the following substituents: <EMI ID=159.1> <EMI ID = 159.1> aryle comme le groupe phényle. aryl such as phenyl. 5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que Z représente les groupes 5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Z represents the groups <EMI ID=160.1> <EMI ID = 160.1> 6. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que A est un composé organique contenant un hétéroatome. 6. Method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that A is an organic compound containing a heteroatom. 7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé par le fait qu'on effectue la.réaction dans un intervalle de températures allant de la température ordi- 7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the reaction is carried out in a temperature range ranging from the ordinary temperature. <EMI ID=161.1> <EMI ID = 161.1> 8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'on utilise comme solvant or- 8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gold solvent is used. <EMI ID=162.1> <EMI ID = 162.1> le dichlorobenzène, le chlorure de méthylène ou le chloroforme. dichlorobenzene, methylene chloride or chloroform. 9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'on utilise comme catalyseurs : le bromure ou le chlorure de tétrabutylammonium, le chlorure 9. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the following catalysts are used: tetrabutylammonium bromide or chloride, chloride <EMI ID=163.1> <EMI ID = 163.1> butylammonium, le chlorure de tétrapropylammonium, le bromure de n-bexadécyltributylphosphonium et le chlorure de benzyltriéthylammonium. <EMI ID=164.1> butylammonium, tetrapropylammonium chloride, n-bexadecyltributylphosphonium bromide and benzyltriethylammonium chloride. <EMI ID = 164.1> <EMI ID=165.1> <EMI ID = 165.1> la quantité du composant (3) . the amount of component (3). 11. Les composés préparés selon le procédé décrit 11. The compounds prepared according to the process described <EMI ID=166.1> <EMI ID = 166.1>
BE166940A 1975-05-13 1976-05-12 PROCESS FOR PREPARING DIARYLIC COMPOUNDS OR HETEROARYLIC COMPOUNDS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS BE841726A (en)

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