AU672158B2 - Pyrotechnic inflator for an air bag - Google Patents

Pyrotechnic inflator for an air bag Download PDF

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Publication number
AU672158B2
AU672158B2 AU17627/95A AU1762795A AU672158B2 AU 672158 B2 AU672158 B2 AU 672158B2 AU 17627/95 A AU17627/95 A AU 17627/95A AU 1762795 A AU1762795 A AU 1762795A AU 672158 B2 AU672158 B2 AU 672158B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
gas
airbag
inflator according
housing
pyrotechnic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
AU17627/95A
Other versions
AU1762795A (en
Inventor
Wesley L. Hatt
Christopher Hock
Linda M. Rink
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Morton International LLC
Original Assignee
Morton International LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Morton International LLC filed Critical Morton International LLC
Publication of AU1762795A publication Critical patent/AU1762795A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU672158B2 publication Critical patent/AU672158B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/264—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic
    • B60R21/2644—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic using only solid reacting substances, e.g. pellets, powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2027—Metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
    • B01D46/2407—Filter candles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R2021/26076—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow characterised by casing
    • B60R2021/26082—Material

Description

AUSTRALIA
Patents Act COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
Class Int. Class Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority Related Art:
S.
S
Name of Applicant: Morton International, Inc.
Actual Inventor(s): Christopher Hock Linda M. Rink Address for Service: PHILLIPS ORMONDE FITZPATRICK Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys 367 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 AUSTRALIA Invention Title: PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR FOR AN AIR BAG Our Ref 409173 POF Code: 1436/1436 The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to applicant(s): -1- 'q 0 r~y 57 II I -1I- 2596-21-00 PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR FOR AN AIR BAG BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a new and improved pyrotechnic inflator for air bag cushions used in a motor vehicle. In particular, the new inflator employs a housing formed of strong, rigid, lightweight, porous metal or ceramic material for containing gas generating material and which housing itself also functions to filter and cool when the generating material is reacted so that the generated gas flows outwardly through the porous wall material to rapidly inflate an air bag.
2. Background of the Prior Art Presently available pyrotechnic inflators for air bags and the like utilize a container or canister formed of steel or other metal and having a plurality of ports formed in the walls for directing the gas generated within the canister to flow outwardly and inflate an associated air bag. Prior inflators have required a separate filter mounted inside the inflator housing or canister for entrapping contaminants from the gas as it moves outwardly toward the ports to inflate the air bag.
It a Xa to provide a new and improved pyrotechnic inflator for air bags and in particular a new and improved pyrotechnic inflator employing a housing formed of rigid, strong, clightweight, porous metal or ceramic material, which also functions as a filter for entrapping impurities from the gas and absorbs heat from the gas as it passes outwardly through the porous housing walls to inflate the air bag.
It would also be advantageous to provide a new and improved air bag inflator of the type described which eliminates the need for a separate filter element.
It would also be advantageous to provide a new and improved air bag inflator wherein the housing itself filters and cools the gas as it passes outwardly through the porous housing to fill an air bag.
Yet further it would be advantageous to provide a new and improved air bag inflator of the type described having a porous housing or containment *ooo structure for containing gas generating material hermetically sealed therein.
Yet further still it would be advantageous to provide a new and improved S°air bag inflator having a relatively large area for discharging the flow of gas into the air bag during deployment.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION .l A new and improved pyrotechnic inflator for an air bag is provided which o* *e employs a housing formed of strong, rigid, lightweight, porous metal or ceramic material for containing gas generating material sealed inside. The porous structure of the housing wall serves as a filter for entrapping contaminants from the gas as it passes out through the wall to rapidly inflate an associated air bag.
The housing wall also functions to cool the hot gases by absorbing heat therefrom and eliminates the requirement or need for a separate filter.
According to a first aspect of this invention there is provided a pyrotechnic inflator for inflating an airbag, including: housing means comprising an elongated, hollow, tubular body of substantial thickness and strength, said tubular body being of rigid porous material for filtering and cooling gas from said gas generator passing through body to inflate said airbag; and gas generator means sealed inside said housing means for activation to rapidly generate gas to pass outwardly through said body into said airbag, Ssaid gas generator means including an ignitable material and a gas -2Agenerating pyrotechnic material, both the ignitable material and the pyrotechnic material being contained within a hermetically sealed jacket, within said housing means.
Preferably the hollow, tubular body has two opposed ends with a base closing off the one end of the body and the tubular body defines a circumferential groove around the one end closed by the base, and the base defines a complementary peripheral groove which at least partially opens onto and communicates with the circumferential groove, the base being sealed to the body by passing molten metal into a cavity defined by the peripheral and circumferential grooves and allowing the metal to solidify thereby sealing the base to the body.
Advantageously an initiator is incorporated in the base for activating the gas generator means.
15 DETAILED DESCRIPTION A pyrotechnic inflator for an air bag in accordance with this invention may come in a variety of forms. It will be convenient to hereinafter describe a single embodiment of this invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood however, that the specific nature of this description does not supersede the generality of the preceding description. In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a new and improved pyrotechnic inflator for an air bag in accordance with the features of the present invention; and :i 25 FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken substantially along lines S2-2 of FIG. 1.
C P C\WIWORD\1L7627A95.DOC pa:jri" -L 2596-21-00 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of the prese invention, reference should be had to the fo~ owing detailed description taken in conjuncti pnwith the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a longitu *ial cross-sectional view of a new and improved pyr technic inflator for an air bag in accordance wi the features of the present invention; and E. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken bstantially along lines 2-2 of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Referring now more particularly to the drawing, therein is illustrated a new and improved pyrotechnic inflator 10 for inflating an air bag safety cushion used in a motor vehicle. The inflator 10 includes an elongated, generally cylindrical housing or canister 12 having an integrally formed circular wall 14 at a closed end thereof and a separate cap or base 16 at an opposite end. Positioned within the housing or canister 12 is a "stack of wafer like, annular discs 22 of gas generating material such as sodium azide or other solid material commonly used for generating air bag inflation gas.
o Surrounding the gas generating wafers 22 there is provided a thin layer of ignition material in the form of a bag or packet 24 formed of a sheet of "Teflon" plastic film having a thin layer of magnesium bonded thereto or other type of metallized plastic sheet material. One type of film is called "Enerfoil" and is manufactured by a company called I.C.I. located in Wilmington, Delaware.
The ignition material is formed into a bag or jacket 24 which completely surrounds and encloses the stack of gas generating wafers 22 exteriorly, and also is in coaxial alignment with and extends through center openings 22a provided in the wafers. This bag 24 is closed and c v -4- 2596-21-00 sealed in order to prevent moisture ingestion during the lifetime of the inflator Alternatively, along the central longitudinal axis of the housing 12 there is provided a central ignition core 18 of material which acts as an ignitor when the inflator 10 is activated to generate gas for inflating an air bag.
The ignition core 18 is contained within a sealed tube or sleeve 20 formed of thin aluminum or magnesium foil, plastic wrapping material such as polyethylene or "Teflon" plastic sheeting in order to prevent moisture ingestion during the lifetime of the inflator The ignition tube 20 also aids in inserting the central core 18 of ignition material into the housing 12 because the material is generally a granular, powdered or particulate type of material such as BKNO 3 The core °e o of ignition material 18 is in coaxial alignment with and extends through center openings 22a in the stack of wafer-like, annular discs 22 of gas generating material 20 such as sodium azide or other solid materials commonly used for generating air bag inflation gas. The central ignition core 18 and the stack of solid gas generating discs 22 are all contained in the hermetically sealed bag or package 24 formed of thin, aluminum, magnesium or "Teflon" plastic metallized foil to prevent moisture ingestion during the lifetime of the inflator *A squib 25 is mounted in a recess at the center of the end cap 16 and when activated by an electrical signal, causes the material in the elongated core 18 and the jacket 24, to rapidly ignite, burning from the cap 16 to the closed end wall 14 of the porous housing 12. As this occurs, the gas generating wafers 22 are ignited and gas is rapidly produced for filling the air bag. This gas flows outwardly through the myriad of pores and tortuous paths provided in the porous body wall of the housing 12. Gas pressures in the range of 2000 to 2500 psi may be generated within the housing.
-I 2596-21-00 The housing 12 functions as a gas filter for entrapping larger particulates and other contaminants from the hot gases flowing rapidly out to inflate the air bag. This arrangement eliminates the requirement for a separate filter element. A variety of porous materials of suitable strength are available such as porous nickel, iron and aluminum or a reticulate structure initially formed on a base of open-celled carbon or urethane foam on which metal alloys or ceramic materials are coated in a chemical vapor deposition process.
After the deposition of the metal, metal alloys or ceramic material on the base, the foam base material itself can be burned out or eliminated in a heating or sintering process leaving a housing 12 which is strong, rigid and porous to accommodate the outflow of hot gases generated from the discs 22.
The strong, rigid, porous reticulated structure of the housing 12 can be formed of metal and/or alloys such as aluminum, copper, iron, molybdenum, 20 nickel, zirconium, niobium and tungsten. Alternatively, a porous ceramic structure can be utilized for the housing 12. Materials such as silica carbide, silica dioxide, alumina silicate mixture, mullite and alumina are available and suitable All of these materials can be readily formed to the desired shape of the housing 12 and the pore sizes can be selected to provide the proper filtration and cooling. For example, the material of the housing 12 may have a "pores per square inch" rating in the range of 10 to 100. This range of porosity offers suitable resistance to gas flow and because the entire wall surface of the housing 12 is available, a large flow cross-section is provided in contrast to a relatively small flow cross-section of the ports in a typical prior art, solid metal wall inflator.
The reticulated structure thus formed of metal alloy or ceramic material is strong, light in weight, and able to handle the high momentary pressures involved -6- 2596-21-00 without fracturing as well as resist corrosion from exterior sources or degradation over a long period of time. Because the gas generating material of the wafers 22 is hermetically sealed within a containing bag 24, long life is assured. Moreover, the containment tube or seal around the inner core 18 of the ignition train provides further protection against moisture and greatly simplifies the overall assembly of all of the ignition train and gas generating materials and insertion thereof into the housing 12.
The porous structure of the housing 12 eliminates the requirement for a separate filter element so that other internal walls normally provided may be completely eliminated. The porous housing 12 also provides excellent cooling characteristics by rapidly absorbing heat from the hot gases flowing therethrough.
During assembly of the ignitor, a flat section of film 24 is formed around a narrow rod and affixed tightly to the rod. The gas generant wafers 22 are then 20 inserted over the film on the rod to form a stack. The remaining section of the film 24 is then folded back over the stack of wafers 22 and thus itself to extend back along the stack to the top again forming an encapsulating jacket. The jacket thus forms a double wall; one inner wall 24a extending interiorly through the stack of gas generating wafers 22, the other outer wall 24b extending exteriorly around the stack of gas generating wafers. The exteriorly extending wall section 24b is then closed on itself, hermetically sealing the wafers 22 inside.
Alternatively during assembly of the ignitor, a packet or bag 24 is formed initially containing a rtack of the gas generating wafers 22 and the sealed ignition core 18 is pre-assembled into the jacket 24.
The whole packet is then easily inserted into place in the housing 12 from the open end. An end cap 16 containing the igniting squib 25 is next inserted into I I c -7- 2596-21-00 place to close the open end of the housing 12. A ring of molten metal 28 is introduced into a grooved wall region between the outer edge of the end cap 16 and the adjacent internal surface of the body 12 such as by liquid metal injection. When the molten material 28 solidifies a positive seal and locking engagement between the end cap or base 16 and the porous housing 12 is produced.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. Thus, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described above.
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Claims (15)

1. A pyrotechnic inflator for inflating an airbag, including: housing means comprising an elongated, hollow, tubular body of substantial thickness and strength, said tubular body being of rigid porous material for filtering and cooling gas passing through the body to inflate said airbag; and gas generator means sealed inside said housing means for activation to rapidly generate gas to pass outwardly through said body into said airbag, said gas generator means including an ignitable material and a gas generating pyrotechnic material, both the ignitable material and the pyrotechnic material being contained within a hermetically sealed jacket, within said housing means.
2. An airbag inflator according to claim 1, wherein: said body of said housing means is formed of a metal alloy having pores and adapted for filtering and entrapping contaminants from said gas and cooling said gas flowing to inflate said airbag.
3. An airbag inflator according to claim 1, wherein: said body of said housing means is formed of a porous ceramic material adapted for filtering and entrapping contaminants from said gas and cooling said gas flowing to inflate said airbag.
4. An airbag inflator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: a said sealed jacket is formed from thin, moisture-impervious, wrapping material.
5. An airbag inflator according to claim 4, wherein: said sealed jacket is formed of flexible metal sheeting.
6. An airbag inflator according to claim 5, wherein: i lFP PAWINWORM7627A9DOC I- k i said flexible metal sheeting comprises a foil of magnesium.
7. An airbag inflator according to claim 5, wherein: said flexibie metal sheeting comprises a foil of aluminium.
8. An airbag inflator according to claim 4, wherein: said jacket is formed of resinous plastic film.
9. An airbag inflator according to claim 8, wherein: said jacket is formed of ignition material and acts as an igniter of said gas generating material.
An airbag inflator according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein: said resinous plastic film is formed of polytetraethylene resin.
11. An airbag inflator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: said gas generating pyrotechnic material comprises a plurality of annular elements in a stack which is mounted on a core of said ignitable material.
12. An airbag inflator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein said hollow, tubular body has two opposed ends with a base closing off one end of the body, and said tubular body defines a circu-nferential groove around said one end closed by said base, and said base defines a complementary peripheral groove which at least partially opens onto and communicates with said o 25 circumferential groove, the base being sealed to the body by passing molten metal into a cavity defined by the peripheral and circumferential grooves and allowing the metal to solidify thereby sealing the base to the body.
13. An inflator according to claim 12, including: an initiator incorporated in said base for activating said gas generator means. P CAWINWORDM17627A95DOC 10
14. An inflator according to claim 12 or claim 13, wherein: the end of the body opposite said one end is integral with said tubular body.
15. A pyrotechnic inflator for an airbag substantially as herein described with reference to any one of the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. DATED: 13 June, 1996 PHILLIPS, ORMVONDE FITZPATRICK Attorneys for: MORTON INTERNATIONAL, INC S 0St**S S S S S 5550 S S S S S S S S S 0* 05 S P C:%WNWORU7627A3.DOC
2596-21-00 PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR FOR AN AIR BAG Abstract of the Disclosure A pyrotechnic inflator for an air bag includes a housing for containing gas generating material for inflating an air bag. The housing has a wall formed of rigid, porous material and serves both as a filter for entrapping contaminants from the gas that is generated within as the gas passes outward through the wall into the air bag and cools the gas by absorbing heat there- from. Gas generating material and an ignition train is hermetically sealed in a bag or packet inside the porous housing which serves triple duty as a solid pyrotechnic container, a gas filter and a gas cooler. e S o e *e 1 e•*
AU17627/95A 1994-07-12 1995-04-24 Pyrotechnic inflator for an air bag Ceased AU672158B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US273650 1994-07-12
US08/273,650 US5483896A (en) 1994-07-12 1994-07-12 Pyrotechnic inflator for an air bag

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU1762795A AU1762795A (en) 1996-01-25
AU672158B2 true AU672158B2 (en) 1996-09-19

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Family Applications (1)

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AU17627/95A Ceased AU672158B2 (en) 1994-07-12 1995-04-24 Pyrotechnic inflator for an air bag

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US5483896A (en)
EP (1) EP0692411B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2991332B2 (en)
AU (1) AU672158B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2146945C (en)
DE (1) DE69525109T2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1762795A (en) 1996-01-25
EP0692411A2 (en) 1996-01-17
US5483896A (en) 1996-01-16
CA2146945C (en) 1999-01-19
EP0692411A3 (en) 1997-08-06
JP2991332B2 (en) 1999-12-20
JPH0848205A (en) 1996-02-20
DE69525109D1 (en) 2002-03-14
EP0692411B1 (en) 2002-01-23
DE69525109T2 (en) 2002-09-05
CA2146945A1 (en) 1996-01-13

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