AU632272B2 - Refining of edible oil - Google Patents
Refining of edible oil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU632272B2 AU632272B2 AU31084/89A AU3108489A AU632272B2 AU 632272 B2 AU632272 B2 AU 632272B2 AU 31084/89 A AU31084/89 A AU 31084/89A AU 3108489 A AU3108489 A AU 3108489A AU 632272 B2 AU632272 B2 AU 632272B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- palm
- bleached
- palm oil
- refining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Description
COLLISON for and on behalf of the Applicant).
Davies Collison, Melbourne and Canberra.
1 V i I I r i Prr~-L1I- -cva~uearar~ COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (Original) FOR OFFICE USE 632272 Class Int. Class Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority: oRAelated Art: 0 0 0 0 0 o o~a 0400 0 O~ 0 06 0 Name of Applicant: AdCress of Applicant: o 0 o 0 0 Actual Inventor(s): s f Address for Service: PALM OIL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA No.6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia OOI Cheng Keat CHOO Yuen May AUGUSTINE ONG SOON HOCK DAVIES COLLISON, Patent Attorneys, 1 Little Collins Street, Melbourne, 3000.
Complete specification for the invention entitled: M007194 07/03/89 "REFINING OF EDIBLE OIL" The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to us 1 L/ i- goo 1 S0 o 000 ooil.
0o9 Background Art "REFINING OF EDIBLE OIL" Oq 00 0o o 0 o Field of Invention S° poly This invention relates to the process of 0o0 refining edible oil and has particular but not exclusive application to the process of refining palm 0o oil.
Background Art Palm oil is derived from the mesocarp of the oil palm fruits. Its orange red colour is due to the presence of carotenoids, a class of polyunsaturated hydrocarbons. The carotenes are known to possess provitamin A properties and recent findings have shown that P-carotene also inhibits tumour progression and hence reduces cancer formation. Commercial crude palm oil contains 2 500-700 ppm of carotenes of which a- and -carotenes form 90% of the total carotenes.
However there are other species of oil palm fruits which can produce crude palm oil with carotene concentrations from 1000-3000 ppm.
Most of the palm oil used is in the refined, bleached and deodorised form. This refined, bleached and deodorised (RBD) palm oil is mainly produced by refining the crude palm oil through the physical refining process. This refining process involves degumming the oil at about 90 0 C with 0.1% phosphoric acid followed by bleaching the oil with about 1-2% o 0 bleaching earth at about 105"C. The oil is then oo* filtered. The phosphoric acid is used to reduce the 0 gums and together with the bleaching earth significantly reduces impurities, hydroperoxides and Sphosphatides of the oil. The oil after this stage is called degummed and bleached oil. This degummed and bleached palm oil is still orange red in colour although the carotene content has been reduced. The degummed and bleached oil is then passed through a 0 steam deodoriser at a temperature of 240-2650C and a pressure of 1-3 Torr. At this stage the free fatty acids in the oil are distilled over, and the «0 carotenes are destroyed while the oil is being deodorised. The oil after this stage normally has a free fatty acid (FFA) content of less than 0.1%, carotene content of less than 20 ppm and colour of less than 3 red (Lovibond Scale). this oil is called Refined, Bleached and Deodorised (RBD) Palm Oil.
,I
3 Summary of the Invention r*4 41 1 0040 0 5 90 4 4 @9 4o 0 o ,O p to.
The present invention provides a process for the refining of palm oil and its products without destroying the carotenes present in the oil.
The invention accordingly provides a process for the refining of edible oil substantially without destroying the carotenes present in the oil which comprises the step of subjecting the oil to a pressure of less than 0.060 Torr and a temperature of less than 200 0
C.
The temperature is preferably in the range 100 to 200°C. The pressure is preferably in the range 0.003 to 0.060 Torr.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention palm oil or a product of palm oil is passed through a deodoriser, preferably at a temperature in the range 100-200 0 C and at a pressure in the range 0.003-0.060 Torr. The oil used can be crude palm oil, or palm oil in the degummed and bleached from, or in a less refined form. During this process the free fatty acids are distilled over and the oil deodorised, but the carotenes are not destroyed. The oil after this stage, that is the refined and deodorised red palm oil, is still orange red in colour and has a free fatty acid content of less than 0.12%, carotene content and peroxide value almost the same as before the process, and a bland smell.
Preferably, the oil is heated to the required temperature and then allowed to pass through a distillation column where the temperature of the oil is maintained and the required pressure is created. The free fatty acids that are distilled
I~
i i applicable to palm oil, hybrid palm oil, and palm oil products such as palm olein and palm stearin, in each case either crude or degummed and/or bleached The present invention will now te illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1 o*o \Crude palm oil was heated to a temperature of 150 0 C. The oil was then allowed to pass through a deodoriser comprising a vacuum distillation column o o (molecular distillator) at a rate of 24 gram per hour Sand at a pressure of 0.023 Torr. The temperature of the column was maintained at 150 0 C. The refined and deodorised red palm oil was found to have the characteristics shown in Table 1.
a ft a S° Table 1.
FFA(%) Carotene Content(ppm) Crude Palm Oil 2.70 563 Refined and Deodorised Red Palm Oil 0.09 603 Example 2 Crude palm oil was heated to a temperature of 170-C. The oil was then allowed to pass through a vacuum distillation column (molecular distillator) at a rate of 50 gram per hour and at a pressure of 0.027 -0.030 Torr. The temperature of the column was maintained at 170'C. The refined and deodorised red palm oil was found to have the characteristics shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Carotene Content(ppm) S0Crude Palm Oil 2.70 563 Refined and Deodorised Red Palm Oil 0.09 532 9 9 Example 3 Crude palm oil was heated to a temperature of 150 0 C. The oil was then allowed to pass through a vacuum distillation column (molecular distillator) at a rate of 25 gram per hour and at a pressure of 0.040 ~fj-O.--&kTo r r. The temperature of the column was maintained at 150 0 C. The refined and deodorised red palm oil was found to have the characteristics shown in Table 3.
i_ Table 3 FFA(%) Carotene Content(ppm) Crude Palm Oil 2.70 563 Refined and Deodorised Red Palm Oil 0.09 568 Example 4 Degummed and bleached palm oil was heated to 9 9 oe>o a temperature of 150 0 C. The oil was then allowed to pass through a vacuum distillation column (molecular distillator) at a rate of 10 litre per hour and at a o pressure of 0.003 Torr. The temperature of the column was maintained at 150 0 C. The refined and deodorised red palm oil was found to have the characteristics shown in Table 4.
0 00 Soo Table 4
C
FFA(%) Carotene Content(ppm) Degummed and Bleached Palm Oil 2.70 347 Refined and Deodorised Red Palm Oil 0.50 352
Claims (3)
1. A process for the refining of edible oil substantially without destroying the carotenes i present in the oil which comprises the step of subjecting the oil to a pressure of less than 0.060 Torr and a temperature of less than 200 degree Celsius.
2. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the oil is degumined and bleached oil. 40* 4 4t 9
43. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the oil is degummed and bleached palm oil. 0 4. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein theI ft it oil is degumrned and bleached palm olein. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the 40 04 oil is degummed and bleached palm stearin. 6. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the oil is crude palm oil.Q 4 7. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the oil is hybrid palm oil. 8. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the I oil is crude palm o],ein. 9. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the oil is crude palm stearin. 8 A process as claimed in Claim 1 and substantially as herein before described in any one of the examples. 11. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the process is carried out at a temperature range of 100 to 200 degree Celsius. 12. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the process is carried out at a pressure of 0.003 to 0.060 Torr. The steps or featuros-di-S occd hcrcin or I any combination thercof. DATED this 7th day of March 1989 PALM OIL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA By its Patent Attorneys: S i DAVIES COLLISON I I II I
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU31084/89A AU632272B2 (en) | 1988-03-11 | 1989-03-07 | Refining of edible oil |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPI7267 | 1988-03-11 | ||
| AUPI726788 | 1988-03-11 | ||
| AU31084/89A AU632272B2 (en) | 1988-03-11 | 1989-03-07 | Refining of edible oil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU3108489A AU3108489A (en) | 1989-09-14 |
| AU632272B2 true AU632272B2 (en) | 1992-12-24 |
Family
ID=25621625
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU31084/89A Expired AU632272B2 (en) | 1988-03-11 | 1989-03-07 | Refining of edible oil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU632272B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1994012596A1 (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-06-09 | Unilever N.V. | Process for the refining of edible oils |
| EP0671461A1 (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 1995-09-13 | Fuji Oil Company, Limited | Process for producing a high carotene content oil |
| US8716505B2 (en) | 2009-01-08 | 2014-05-06 | Sime Darby Research Sdn. Bhd. | Refining of edible oil |
| EP2793612B1 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2019-05-01 | Bunge Loders Croklaan B.V. | Method of treating a vegetable oil |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MY127634A (en) | 1996-10-31 | 2006-12-29 | Global Palm Products Sdn Bhd | Refining of edible oil rich in natural carotenes and vitamin e |
| US6177114B1 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 2001-01-23 | Carotina Sdn. Bhd. | Refining of edible oil rich in natural carotenes and Vitamin E |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU5519286A (en) * | 1985-02-04 | 1986-08-26 | Alfa-Laval Food And Dairy Engineering A.B. | Forfarande vid rening av vegetabilisk olja |
-
1989
- 1989-03-07 AU AU31084/89A patent/AU632272B2/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU5519286A (en) * | 1985-02-04 | 1986-08-26 | Alfa-Laval Food And Dairy Engineering A.B. | Forfarande vid rening av vegetabilisk olja |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1994012596A1 (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-06-09 | Unilever N.V. | Process for the refining of edible oils |
| AU672858B2 (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1996-10-17 | Unilever Plc | Process for the refining of edible oils |
| EP0671461A1 (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 1995-09-13 | Fuji Oil Company, Limited | Process for producing a high carotene content oil |
| US8716505B2 (en) | 2009-01-08 | 2014-05-06 | Sime Darby Research Sdn. Bhd. | Refining of edible oil |
| EP2793612B1 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2019-05-01 | Bunge Loders Croklaan B.V. | Method of treating a vegetable oil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU3108489A (en) | 1989-09-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired | ||
| NA | Applications received for extensions of time, section 223 |
Free format text: AN APPLICATION TO EXTEND THE TIME FROM 20010307 TO 20010925 IN WHICH TO PAY A RENEWAL FEE HAS BEEN LODGED |
|
| NB | Applications allowed - extensions of time section 223(2) |
Free format text: THE TIME IN WHICH TO PAY A RENEWAL FEE HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO 20010925 |
|
| PC | Assignment registered |
Owner name: MALAYSIAN PALM OIL BOARD Free format text: FORMER OWNER WAS: PALM OIL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA |