AU604217B2 - Reducing bacterial content of water - Google Patents

Reducing bacterial content of water Download PDF

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Publication number
AU604217B2
AU604217B2 AU64117/86A AU6411786A AU604217B2 AU 604217 B2 AU604217 B2 AU 604217B2 AU 64117/86 A AU64117/86 A AU 64117/86A AU 6411786 A AU6411786 A AU 6411786A AU 604217 B2 AU604217 B2 AU 604217B2
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
acid
water
sodium benzoate
dissolved
sodium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
AU64117/86A
Other versions
AU6411786A (en
Inventor
Michael Prof. Gracey
Frank Hopkins
Jennifer Robinson
Stephen Snow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mondelez Australia Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd filed Critical Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd
Priority to AU64117/86A priority Critical patent/AU604217B2/en
Priority to IN776/CAL/86A priority patent/IN166833B/en
Publication of AU6411786A publication Critical patent/AU6411786A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU604217B2 publication Critical patent/AU604217B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/42—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages
    • A23L2/44—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages by adding preservatives

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Description

AlU~~ 1U, i
AUSTRALIA
PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
FOR OFFICE USE Short Title: Int. CI: Application Number: 4 7/- Lodged: Form Complete Specification-Lodged: Accepted: Lapsed: 4a aI 0 t t s Published: This document contains the amnndinents made undr' Section 49 and is coiclt ior printing.
Related Art: COMPLETE-AFTER-PROVISIONAL PH3095 and PH5813 (COGNATE) hame of Applicant: Address of Applicant: Actual Inventor: Address for Service: TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT CADBURY SCHWEPPES PROPRIETARY LIMITED 636 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria Australia Prof.Michael GRACEY Frank HOPKINS Mrs Jennifer ROBINSON Stephen SNOW CLEMENT HACK CO., 601 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
Complete Specification for the invention entitled: "REDUCING BACTERIAL CONTENT OF WATER" The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me:- PF/CPlF/2/80 2 0 This invention relates to compositions and processes for reducing the bacterial content of contaminated water.
In a general aspect the invention provides dxy compositions which when dissolved in water exhibit unexpectedly high antibacterial activity. The compositions of the inventions preferably contain ascorbic acid, malic acid and/or tartaric acid, sodium saccharin and/or calcium saccharin and sodium benzoate and/or benzoic acid. The compositions of the invention include combinations of either the acids and/or salts of the abovementioned compounds. When dissolved in water the compositions of the invention preferably produce solutions of pH less than 5.0. For the i 3 treatment of contaminated water to make it potable, it is desirable to effect a reduction in E. Coli Loq titre of at least In many parts of the world, notably in developing countries in the tropics, provision of clean drinking water is a major problem and polluted water supplies are linked with the high prevalence of infectious diarrhoea, particularly in children. A special problem needing attention is the preparation of clean, clear fluids for children with diarrhoea, with or without signs of dehydration. Oral rehydration therapy is now widely used in developing countries for children with diarrhoea and mild to moderate dehydration.
If water used to prepare oral rehydration solutions is contaminated with faecal micro-organisms, bacterial multiplication can occur, particularly at tropical o, temperatures. Some bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli, multiply more rapidly than others such as S Shigella flexneri. Studies from Brazil and Central America show that bacteria will also multiply more rapidly in fluids °"20 which contain nitrogenous material as well as rehydration *000 salts and water.
It is often very difficult to provide safe drinking water or oral rehydration fluids in places where childhood 4240 malnutrition and diarrhoea are prevalent. Metropolitan and town water supplies are often inadequately chlorinated or 4 t4 unchlorinated, often contaminated by sewage and other effluents in pipes or from surface waters, and boiling water is often inconvenient, and expensive. Simpler, inexpensive methods are needed to provide drinking water and oral rehydration fluids for children in developing countries.
Commercially available soft drink concentrates, which are known as cordials in Australia, are an important source of fluids for drinking by Australian children, particularly in summer when certain bacterial diarrhoeas are especially common in children.
A
In a previous investigation we found that non-carbonated, low-calorie cordials, when diluted according to manufacturers' instructions, has significant bacterial killing effects in the laboratory. Bacteria which were killed by the cordials included Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. These bacteria are all well recognized causes of diarrhoea in humans. A preliminary report was published in Ann. Tropical Paediatrics (1985) 5 3-6.
Our previous work with cordials prompted us to investigate whether it would be possible to achieve this bactercidal effect with a powdered mixture which could be dissolved in water and then used as a drink. If this proved to be possible, this would provide a means of purifying water for drinking. Applications which would be appropriate for go such a product include: prevention of water-borne diarrhoea in international travellers, expatriates living overseas, troops on active duty overseas or in remote areas, campers and hikers or for other people reliant on water supplies which are 20 microbiologically suspect or sub-standard. The product would also be developed to provide clean fluids for treatment of patients with diarrhoea and dehydration by oral rehydration therapy and for refugees in camps, in disaster situations and in similar circumstances. The product could also be used to treat water for consumption by domestic and commercial animals and flocks.
In the course of this investigation we found that it was not possible to produce a suitable dry mixture simply by combining ingredients normally present in cordials. We unexpectedly found that certain components exhibited a synergistic effect when used in combination and also that certain mixtures were unsuitable for use due to chemical reactions that occurred when the dry powder was mixed with water. Further experimentation enabled us to overcome the latter difficulty.
5 The invention accordingly provides dry compositions capable of being dissolved in water which exhibit unexpectedly high antibacterial effects.
SUMMARY OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES Experiments were conducted with substances, alone and in combination, which we considered possible candidates for antibacterial effects and could be used as a base for mixing with fluids for drinking.
The bacterium Escherichia coli was selected as the test micro-organism as our previous work had indicated that this organism was most resistant to the cordial. It is also an organism that is used as a marker of water purity for Australian and World Health Organization standards, and is a major cause of infectious diarrhoea in adults and children 15 around the world.
The test system: A series of dilutions, containing between 10 and "t 3 k 10 colony forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli was prepared. These were then added to the solutions and mixtures of substances under investigation. After incubation at room temperature, a sample (10ul) was then removed at the specified time, for the microbiological testing of the presence of bacteria. Results are given in Table 1. The rate of Kill of E. Coli is calculated by a linear regression of the power to which 10 must be raised to show cfu/mL(x) 'vs' time in minutes y (this is a statistical treatment of the microbiological results).
Time (minutes) x.logl0 (cfu of E.Coli) A (Zero error constant) (X is time to reduce cfu by a factor of 6 TABLE 1 Solutions tested for ability to kill E. Coli.
(quantities stated in Sucrose Sodium Citric Tartaric Nalic Asco rbic Sodium Time to Colours, Saccharin Acid Acid Acid Acid Benzoate reduce CPU Flavours E. Coli fold.
2.7g No Kill -0.01 No Kill 0.38 62 mins 0.30 41lmins 0.27 59 mins 0.015 105 wins 0.11 No Kill -0.1 0.38 25 mins -0.1 0.30 32 mins -0.1 0.26 30 mins 0.27 0.015 39 wins 0.27 0.015 0.095 19 mins -0.42 0.095 37 wins 0.27 -0.095 19 wins 0.30 -0.095 41 wins 2 5 0.27 -0.48 46wmins 0.27 -0.024 49 wins 0. 015 0.11 28 wins 0.19 0.15 0.27 0.11 17 mins 0.19 0.15 0.27 0.015 0.11 3.3 wins 2.7 0.01 0.175 0.35 0.015 0.024 3.1 wins 2.2 0.14 0.14 0.015 0.11 4.4 wins
I
7 We have found that a mixture containing malic acid, ascorbic acid, sodium saccharin and sodium benzoate exhibits unexpectedly high antibacterial properties. Compositions containing citric acid and/or tartaric acid in addition to malic acid, ascorbic acid, sodium saccharin and sodium benzoate are even more effective.
In some cases difficulty was experienced in the use of these compositions because of a reaction of sodium benzoate with the food acids to form insoluble benzoic acid.
We overcame this problem by coating the sodium benzoate with di-octyl sodium sulphosuccinate (DSS). DSS is a waxy solid which could be applied to the sodium benzoate, for example at a level of 2% by weight, in a 50% ethanol solution. This achieved complete solubilization.
The compositions of the invention are provided in palatable form for consumption by including one or more of colours, flavours, sweeteners (preferably Low Joule), bulking agent (sucrose, dextrose, polydextrose, lactose etc).
The following ingredients are employed in the ranges stated:- Powder Formulation to Deliver Grams/100ml of Made up Beverage Ascorbic Acid 0.001 Malic Acid and/or Tartaric Acid 0.01 Sodium Saccharin and/or Calcium Saccharin 0.000 0.1 Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid) 0.001 0.34 This also includes combinations of either the acids and/or salts of the above compounds in the ranges stated at pH's below 8 The following combination of materials is effective in killing E. Coli:- Ingredient Weight/100ml Ascorbic acid 0.015 grams Malic acid 0.27 grams Citric acid 0.19 grams Tartaric acid 0.15 grams Sodium Benzoate 0.11 grams This solution killed 106 E.Coli/mL in 20 minutes.
.0 This invention will be further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
Example 1 Ingredient Sugar Malic acid Sodium benzoate Ascorbic acid Dioctyl sodium sulpho-succinate Low-joule sweetener including sodium saccharin made up i Amount (expressed as 81.60 13.06 1.80 0.25 0.03 3.26 3.26 n Colours Flavours combinatior )to 100.00 TOTAL This mixture is to be made up with water in the following way for drinking: 6 roiyNs 6.127 of mixture to 100 mls of water 9 Example 2 Lactose or Polydextrose 86.89 Tartaric Acid 10.00 Sodium Benzoate 0.01 Low Joule Sweetener(s) including sodium saccharin Colours/Flavours TOTAL 100.00 of mixture/100mL of water for drinking.
Example 3 Malic Acid 79.9 Sodium Benzoate 0.1 Ascorbic Acid 20.0 grams of mixture/100mL of water for drinking.
It will be clearly understood that the invention in its general aspects is not limited to the specific details referred to hereinabove.
4

Claims (6)

1. A dry composition useful for its antibacterial activity when dissolved in water, said composition consisting essentially of the following ingredients in amounts that will deliver the specified number of grams per 100 ml when dissolved in water: Ascorbic acid or pharmaceutically- 0.001 acceptable salts thereof Malic acid or pharmaceutically- 0.01 acceptable salts thereof At least one of sodium saccharin up to 0.1 and calcium saccharin Sodium benzoate or benzoic acid 0.001 0.34
2. A composition according to Claim 1, further comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of citric acid and tartaric acid.
3. A composition according to Claim 1, wherein ingredient comprises sodium benzoate which has been coated with di-octyl sodium sulphosuccinate in an amount sufficient to inhibit reaction between the coated sodium benzoate and acid components of said dry composition,
4. A dry composition useful for its antibacterial activity when dissolved in water, said composition consisting essentially of the following ingredients in the specified relative proportions expressed in per cent by weight: sodium saccharin citric acid 175 malic acid ascorbic acid sodium benzoate 24 V.f p~ 3 "114-~ 11 A dry composition useful for its antibacterial activity when dissolved in water, said composition consisting essentially of the following ingredients in the specified relative proportions expressed in per cent by weight: citric acid 19 tartaric acid mali acid 27 ascorbic acid sodium benzoate 110 0 0 0 0 S6. A dry composition useful for its antibacterial activity when dissolved in water, said composition consisting ssentially of the following ingredients in the specified re±ative proportions expressed per cent by .o weight: tartaric acid 140 malic aiid 140 ascorbic acid sodium benzoate 110
7. A method for reducing the bacterial content of contaminated water which comprises the step of dissolving an effective amount of a composition according to Claim 1 in the said contaminated water.
8. A dry composition according to Claim 1 comprising at least one further ingredient selected from the group consisting of colouring, flavouring, sweetening, and bulking agents. DATED this 23rd day of January 1990 CADBURY SCHWEPPES PTY LTD By Their Patent Attorneys: GRIFFITH HACK CO Fellows Institute of Patent Attorneys of Australia
AU64117/86A 1985-10-25 1986-10-16 Reducing bacterial content of water Expired AU604217B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU64117/86A AU604217B2 (en) 1985-10-25 1986-10-16 Reducing bacterial content of water
IN776/CAL/86A IN166833B (en) 1985-10-25 1986-10-23

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPH309585 1985-10-25
AUPH3095 1985-10-25
AUPH5813 1986-05-08
AUPH581386 1986-05-08
AU64117/86A AU604217B2 (en) 1985-10-25 1986-10-16 Reducing bacterial content of water

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU6411786A AU6411786A (en) 1987-04-30
AU604217B2 true AU604217B2 (en) 1990-12-13

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IN (1) IN166833B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996009774A1 (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-04-04 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Preservative

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996009774A1 (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-04-04 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Preservative

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN166833B (en) 1990-07-21
AU6411786A (en) 1987-04-30

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