AU4577499A - Sound-insulating sandwich element - Google Patents
Sound-insulating sandwich element Download PDFInfo
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- AU4577499A AU4577499A AU45774/99A AU4577499A AU4577499A AU 4577499 A AU4577499 A AU 4577499A AU 45774/99 A AU45774/99 A AU 45774/99A AU 4577499 A AU4577499 A AU 4577499A AU 4577499 A AU4577499 A AU 4577499A
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- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 acryl Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004821 Contact adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011464 hollow brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002937 thermal insulation foam Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/04—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like
- E04B9/045—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like being laminated
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8423—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling
- E04B2001/8442—Tray type elements
- E04B2001/8447—Tray type elements with two facing trays
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8423—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling
- E04B2001/8452—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling with peripheral frame members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
- E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
- E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Abstract
A multilayered, sound insulating, mechanically strong sandwich element comprising two facing layers (1) substantially attached to a plastic foam core consisting of at least two layers (2) which are joined through contact points (also called bridges) (3) creating a gap or gaps (4) between the core layers (2) and, in case of long spans and/or thin facing layers, travel stops inside the gap/gaps (4) to keep the core layers (2) at a certain distance from each other, wherein the core layer material is a semi-rigid, cellular material containing more than 50 % open cells, and has a tensile strength of more than 50 kPa, and has a compressive strength from 5 to 200 kPa, at 10 % deformation. The distance between the contact points or bridges (3) is at least 350 mm. The new sandwich element can be used as a sound insulating door, a partition element or a construction unit. <IMAGE> <IMAGE> <IMAGE>
Description
WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 SOUND-INSULATING SANDWICH ELEMENT The present invention refers to sound-insulating sandwich elements, more specifically to sound-insulating multilayered building or construction elements or components such as doors, partitions, walls or ceilings comprising an open-cell, semi-rigid foam core 5 consisting of at least one core material, and comprising one or more than one hollow space or air gap located within the core, and comprising two outer facing layers. More specifically the invention refers to sound-insulating sandwich elements, such as doors, partition elements, walls, ceilings, floors, bulkheads, fire doors, traps, lids, flaps, windows, compartment elements, or panels in new or existing buildings. The new 10 sandwich elements are useful in buildings, in the construction industry, or other industries in order to improve the sound-insulation performance. Besides, the invention refers to sound insulating elements excelling prior art elements in constructional simplicity, mechanical strength, and rigidity and to the use of such new, sound-insulating, multilayered sandwich elements in the construction or other industries for acoustically improving walls, partitions, 15 ceilings, and other parts of the building, structure or machinery. In the construction industry, it is well known to use panels as partition walls in order to subdivide the building area into seperate areas such as rooms and offices. Usuall, they consist of an insulating mineral fiber core and two outer facing layers encompassing the core and an air gap or hollow space. The insulating materials such as mineral fibers are 20 arranged between the facing layers in such a manner so as to provide thermal and/or acoustic insulation. It is also known to use multilayered sound-insulating sandwich elements, laminates or boards, containing mineral fibers as insulation material, as partition elements or compartment elements or panels to be fixed to walls or ceilings to the intention that sound 25 and noise propagation and transmission and sound radiation are reduced. By applying sound-insulating elements to walls or ceilings or by using them as partition elements it is possible to upgrade residential buildings or office buildings improving their sound-insulation performance. Thus, older constructions can be adjusted to comply with modern often higher regulation standards. Noises from neighbours or external sources or emanating from inside 30 the room can be reduced substantially. However, a major disadvantage of such partitions or panels having mineral fiber cores is the lack of mechanical strength of such fibers. For that reason the facing 1 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 layers must be secured, for example, by means of screws or frames, and supported by metal or timber studs. This requires an extensive manufacturing process. In JA 0221 642, a noise insulating panel is disclosed in which a porous material, such as glass wool or foamed synthetic resin is stacked between facing layers 5 formed by plywood, gypsum board, or an acryl plate in such a manner as to be out of contact with at least one surface material. According to the teaching of this specification, a frame must be used in order to stabilize or fix this condition. This frame is fitted to the above assembly to form a panel. This, of course, is a relatively intricate and hence expensive procedure. Furthermore, it is a well-known method extrapolated from conventional timber 10 frame walls or panels. DE 3710 057 discloses a multilayered acoustic insulation panel for internal walls which has air gaps between a layer of mineral wool and an outer chipboard facing layer. This insulation panel contains a main panel made of chipboard, which is spaced apart by ribs from a facing layer, or cover panel which is also made of chipboard. The inner 15 surfaces of these two panels are covered with fiberboard which is held in place by glue. For attaining good sound-dampening performance the two fiberboards are different in weight. This multilayered panel consists of five layers, that is, two chipboard layers, each of which is glued to a fiber board, plus a mineral wool layer in the middle of the sandwich serving as acoustic insulation material. The mineral wool fills the space only partly in such a way that 20 an air gap is provided for between the mineral wool and one of the fiberboards which is glued to the inner surface of the cover panel. The latter is secured by screws to the ribs. As can be seen from the description, the design of this multilayered panel is quite complicated. Its fabrication is therefore relatively expensive. The acoustic performance is achieved by increasing the mass rendering such panels difficult to transport and to install. 25 According to several proposals, organic plastics have been used instead of mineral fibers, such as, for example, the well-known open-cell polyurethane foam laminates. However, such laminates exhibit the disadvantage of being brittle and having a poor tensile strength (about 30 kPa). In U.S. Patent No. 4,317,503 a sound-insulating building element is disclosed 30 which includes a plurality of parallel layer elements of which a first inner, thick element is constituted by a layer of mineral fibers or stiff plastic foam and contains a plurality of cavities. A second inner stiff element which is substantially pervious to air is connected to one main 2 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 surface of the first inner element and an outer impervious element. The outer impervious element is arranged at a small distance from the second inner element in such a manner that substantially the entire outer element can oscillate freely in relation to the second inner element. A major disadvantage of this type of building element is the complex and costly 5 manufacturing process of such multilayered structures. Other known types of partitions are the multilayered structures including those having a foam or honeycomb core. The foam cores, however, although possessing suitable mechanical strength properties, are very poor as far as the sound-insulating properties are concerned. In order to overcome this problem, the foam core would have to be of an 10 unacceptable thickness and weight. Generally speaking, there are several known types of systems for increasing the sound-insulation performance of walls such as: increasing the mass of the wall which is, of course, the most basic way of providing better sound-insulation (mass law); 15 using resilient panels or sandwich structures the components of which, that is facing layer or layers and core layer, vibrate without phase relation so that part of or most of the incident acoustic energy is converted into mechanical energy, which will be dissipated through internal friction and deformations (mass-spring-mass system). The drawback of the increase of the mass of the wall or any similar structure 20 following the mass law is that rather heavy and thick structures are required for good performance. The drawback of common mass-spring-mass systems is that their resonant frequency will very often disturb the overall performance when it is wrongly positioned and too sharp. 25 Better results are obtained by using sound-insulating elements or panels as disclosed in WO 95/14136. Those multilayered insulating panels or elements comprise in a preferred embodiment (a) two outer facing layers, and (b) a soft synthetic core material which is a single, continuous, soft, synthetic foam core layer having cavities and being arranged in intimate contact with both outer layers through contact points in alternate 30 patterns, thereby providing gaps between the core layer and the opposing outer layer. 3 WO 00/75443 PCTIUS99/13777 What is actually disclosed in the specification, the drawings, the claims and the abstract of WO 95/14136 is the following: a sandwich element comprising two facing layers, for example, gypsum boards, and a core material between the facing layers; 5 the core layer comprises an elastic, closed-cell polyethylene foam, or rigid, closed-cell polyurethane foam, or other closed-cell plastic foams, for example, based on polyvinyl chloride, or polystyrene; the second facing layer can be a brick structure, thus referring indirectly to a wall, to which the core layer can be glued, for example, with mortar; 10 the core layer contains cavities in special geometrical arrangement; there are gaps between the core layer and the facing layers; the gaps are confined between the core layer and the facing layers by contact points or areas which are arranged in an alternate pattern with respect to the opposing facings; and 15 empirical measures and theoretical considerations are applied for best results in the mass-spring-mass-system. Panels as disclosed in WO 95/14136 possess both acoustic insulating properties and mechanical strength. While this art provides lighter and cheaper panels with good acoustic properties compared to previously known products, it was still highly desirable 20 to provide room partition elements and sandwich elements such as doors, and partitions having both sound-insulating properties and good mechanical strength, which would be particularly useful for up-grading residential and office buildings and for designing partitions with improved sound-insulation performance. Also, there was a need for more economical methods for producing and installing such sound-insulating panels. 25 The previous European Patent Application 98 111 295.6 - 2303, is directed to a multilayered, sound-insulating panel comprising a facing layer, a plastic foam core layer attached thereto wherein the core layer material is a semi-rigid, cellular material having certain characteristics, a structure, to which the core layer is fixed at seperate contact points by means of strips, patches, dabs, or other geometrical protrusions (generally called "contact 30 points") leaving gaps between the core layer and the structure, and, in case of long spans 4 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 and/or thin facing layers, travel stops to keep the core layer at a certain distance from the structure. The panels according to EP 98 111 295.6 - 2303 are useful in the construction and other industries for improving the sound-insulating properties of buildings 5 and/or machinery. Although these sandwich elements are in general suitable as partition elements their mechanical strength may not be sufficient due to the presence of the large gap between the facing and the core in application fields where strength and resistance are of particular importance to the applicability of a construction element, such as in the 10 construction of doors or walls. That need and other needs are met by the present invention. Thus, the present invention provides a multilayered, sound-insulating sandwich element comprising facing layers and a plastic foam core located between the facing layers and attached to the facing layers, the core presenting one or more than one cavities, which sound-insulating 15 element is characterized in that: the cavity/cavities is/are a gap/gaps which is/are positioned essentially parallel to the facings and is/are located within the core; the core material is a semi-rigid, cellular material containing more than 50 percent, preferably more than 90 percent open cells; 20 and has a tensile strength of more than 50 kPa, preferably more than 90 kPa; and has a compressive strength from 5 to 200 kPa, preferably from 15 to 80 kPa, at 10 percent deformation. In a preferred embodiment of the invention there is provided a sandwich element wherein the gap or gaps are defined by two core layers and contact points, also 25 called "bridges," providing structural junctions between the core layers while keeping the core layers separated and creating a gap or gaps between the core layers. The distance between the contact points is preferably at least 350 mm, more preferred is a minimum of 450 mm, or even 600 mm as long as mechanical integrity can be preserved. 5 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 The facing layers may have a thickness, each, from 0.5 to 100 mm, preferably from 0.5 to 25 mm. The facing layer material can be a 0.5 to 20 mm thick metal sheet, preferably steel or aluminum, or a 4 to 25 mm thick wood sheet. Other materials, useful in a specific application field, are known to persons skilled in the art. 5 The foam core layer may have a thickness from 20 to 500 mm, preferably from 20 to 300 mm and even more preferred up to 200 mm. Each foam core layer has in general a minimal thickness of 10 mm to achieve significant dampening, preferably a thickness from 15 to 100 mm. It should be noted, however, that these ranges should not be construed as being restrictive. Values outside these ranges may be suited for particular 10 applications, such as for example, establishments requiring a very high sound-dampening performance. The foam core layers may or may not have the same thickness. In some cases of facing materials, it has been found beneficial to use different thicknesses so as to minimize the negative effect of the characteristic critical frequencies of the assembly made 15 from the facing and the core layers. Preferably, the core layer material is a polyurethane foam, for instance of the type whose preparation is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,538,779. The core layer material can comprise more than one foam type. For instance, it may include in addition to polyurethane, polyethylene or polystyrene. It may also comprise 20 bitumen or heavy plastic or sheets made of other materials. In a preferred embodiment the core layer material has an air flow resistivity from 5000 to 800,000 Ns/m", preferably from 5000 to 300,000 Ns/m 4 . The loss factor of the core layer material is preferably greater than 0.1, more preferably greater than 0.2 (as defined by SAE Sound and Heat Insulation Materials 25 Committee, SAE Handbook, 1994, Volume 1, page 2.30); and the loss factor can reach 0.3, or even more. In the case of long gaps and/or thin facing layers, travel stops are provided at at least one of the core layers and within the gap in order to make sure that the core layers are always kept at a certain distance from each other. 6 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 The distance of the travel stops from the opposite core layer or the distance of the core layers from each other, at 0 percent deformation, is preferably at least 0.1 mm, with preferred ranges being between 2 and 10 mm. In a preferred embodiment the total contact points area is related to the total 5 area of the sandwich element in a ratio of less than 30 percent, preferably less than 15 percent. In a preferred embodiment the contact points are plastic foam, plastic, metal or wood strips of a thickness of from 0.5 to 100 mm and a width from 10 to 100 mm. These ranges should, however, not be construed as being restrictive and may vary depending upon 10 the specific stress requirement of the application and the stiffness of the facings. Very rigid facings would for instance allow an air gap of unspecified thickness. Protruding parts of the core layers or even other constructional elements, such as door frames, may assume the function of the contact points or "bridges." Furthermore, the present invention provides a process for the fabrication of 15 the new sound-insulating sandwich element, by attaching the facing layers to the plastic foam core, said process being characterized by the fact that the plastic foam core is produced by joining two core layers through contact points or bridges at predetermined distances, thus leaving a gap or gaps between the core layers, or by first machining two core layers in such a way that contact points or bridges are formed at predetermined distances as 20 integral parts of the core layers and by joining the two core layers afterwards through the contact points or bridges leaving a gap or gaps between the core layers or by cutting out the gap or gaps from a single plastic foam board. Furthermore, the present invention provides the use of the new sound insulating sandwich element in the construction and other industries for improving the sound 25 insulating properties of buildings and/or machinery. A particularly surprising feature of the invention is that long span vibration of the core layer attached to the facing layer provides particularly good dampening at all frequencies and specifically at the resonant and the critical frequencies. The gaps created within the foam core can vary considerably depending on 30 the actual needs in a given case. Very rigid facings would allow an air gap of unspecified thickness. The thickness usually ranges from 0.1 to 200 mm. Sometimes the thickness is 7 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 selected between 20 and 50 mm so as to allow for passing cables, pipes and other service lines. Apart from those special consideration, the thickness of the gaps is often in the range from 1 to 10 mm, more preferably from 2 to 5 mm. In case of a plasterboard (or a board from any other material insufficiently 5 stiff) being used as facing layer, and if, for example, the plasterboard is 10 mm thick and its span exceeds 400 mm or is 13 mm thick and its span exceeds 600 mm, respectively, a "mid span" travel stop system made of a strip or patches can be installed to limit the plasterboard deformation. By way of example, if a 1200 mm wide plasterboard laminate is installed with contact points (stripes) of 40 mm width at the edges of the board, thereby providing for a 10 free span of 1120 mm, a travel stop stripe will be fixed in the middle of the board in order to reduce the span. The width of the travel stop stripe will be between 30 and 39.9 mm, more preferably between 35 and 38 mm, if the contact stripe width is, for example, 40 mm. The realization of the invention by adhering to the parameters as defined in the specification and the claims, particularly by using a specific foam material, and applying 15 specific designs with regard to the core layer, the facing layer(s), and the travel stops, will result in a sound-insulating sandwich element showing very low resonant frequency and surprisingly high dampening of vibrations, specifically at the resonant frequency, and having high mechanical strength and rigidity, which means that the new elements can be transported and handled without any particular risk of damage. Therefore, additional 20 reinforcement to ensure mechanical integrity of the assembly, such as by means of screws, frames, or studs, is not necessary. Nevertheless, other connecting or rigidifying devices can be incorporated, once the components are in place or before the installation, within the element or at the junctions to ensure that the specific requirements of the application are fulfilled. Design 25 arrangements are proposed to prevent any sound bridging to take place while still fulfilling all strength requirements in use. This is known by the person skilled in the art. Typical reinforcements will be wood or metal frames for the door application, steel studs or beams between panels for the partition application, and mortar or glue for wall application. 30 The facing layers can be made of any material typically employed to produce insulating sandwich elements or panels. Exemplary materials useful as facing layers include plastic or particle boards, thick paper or cardboards, fiber boards, gypsum plaster boards, 8 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 flexible plastic films or foils, metal sheets, such as steel, lead, or aluminum sheets, plywood, timber boards, and chipboards, most typical being gypsum plaster boards, and chipboards. The preferred material for use as facing layer is gypsum board in the partition applications and metal sheet or wood boards in the door applications. 5 In one embodiment of the invention, a core layer made of polyurethane foam having separated polyurethane foam patches as contact points at one of its two surfaces, is substantially attached by means of adhesives at its "inner" surface to another polyurethane foam core layer, thus forming a core. Usually, such a panel will be prefabricated thereby avoiding assembling on site. The core will then be fixed to the two facing layers, usually by 10 glueing with a suitable adhesive such as polyurethane glue, neoprene contact or transfer adhesive, or by mechanical fixing in order to produce a sandwich element according to the invention. The sandwich element thus obtained can be used for instance as doors. The facing material for doors usually are thin layers of metal sheet or wood sheets and are 15 substantially attached to the core layers in order to fulfill requirements such as heat stability, impact deformation resistance, perfectly plane surface and aesthetics. It is, therefore, important that no gaps are created between the reinforcing foam core and the facing layers when the latter lack stiffness. Furthermore, the substantial attachment between facing and core layers, by 20 means of adhesive, for example, provides benefits in so far as the highly dampening core material which is used according to the invention strongly reduces impact and vibration transmission. The new sandwich element can also be used for instance as a room partition standing on its own. Such a partition element is usually secured on the floor and/or at the 25 ceiling. It can be fixed to a wall, ceiling, floor, or other building structure. The sandwich partition concept as per the invention concerns space dividing units, mostly for offices, industry cabins and other panel applications where the combination of lightweight, easy connecting devices, handability and sound-insulation performance are important requirements. These partitions may rest in a vertical or horizontal positions but, in 30 some embodiments, they may as well be positioned at acute or obtuse angles. 9 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 It was surprising to find that outstanding sound-insulation performance could be achieved by incorporating specific contact points or bridges within the core to create an air gap or air gaps which is therefore a conspicuous feature of the present invention. The contact points can be machined from the polyurethane foam layer or can 5 be made from other suitable materials, such as plastics other than polyurethane, glue or other adhesives; wood, plaster, or metal, as long as the inventive criteria are fulfilled. In addition to the door and the partition wall applications of the sandwich element according to the invention, another embodiment of the present invention are panels useful in construction unit applications. Here, the new sandwich elements function like 10 brickstones in a building wall, a ceiling, a floor or any other construction part or unit. The sound-insulating sandwich elements of the present invention are not only particularly useful for refurbishing existing buildings, but also as elements in new constructions. They can be manufactured as doors or partition elements or wall construction units. They offer a thin, lightweight and mechanically strong solution to improve sound 15 insulation, thus eliminating or damping sounds and noises which without the sound-insulating elements are transmitted through walls, doors, floors, ceilings and partitions. On the basis of examples, it will be demonstrated hereafter that the sandwich elements according to the invention, are to a surprising degree substantially superior as compared to prior art sound-insulating elements with respect to a combination of sound 20 insulation/mechanical strength/lightweight/thickness properties and production/installation methods. They excel in mechanical strength as compared to sound-insulating sandwich elements of the state of the art, possess a high acoustic dampening performance, and reduce and lower the resonant frequency. The gap within the core is acting as a first very soft spring, and the core layers are acting as second hard springs. Because of the hardness 25 of the core layers, the deformation of the element is strongly restricted which makes it compatible with the intended use in buildings. The following examples are given to illustrate the invention and should not be interpreted as limiting it in any way. 10 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 Example 1 The assembly of a sandwich element according to the invention for the application as a door is schematically shown in Fig. 1. The numbers (1) refer to the facing layers, (2) to the core layers and (3) to the contact points which, in this case, are T-shaped. 5 Figures 2 and 3 show two sandwich elements after having been assembled, the difference of the element according to Fig. 3 as compared to the element according to Fig. 2 being that a third contact point has been incorporated. The elements were made from a 20 mm thick polyurethane board and a 40 mm thick polyurethane board (2), wherein said polyurethane had been prepared according to 10 the method described in Example 1 of U.S.Patent 5,538,779, and two 1 mm thick steel sheets (1) by spray-gluing with a contact adhesive (neoprene) at room temperature, one board to one metal sheet and the other board to the second metal sheet, and by joining both assemblies through T-shaped contact points (3), 40 mm wide, and positioned at a distance from each other of 800 mm, as shown in Fig. 2, and through T-shaped contact points (3) and 15 an additional contact point (3') in the center, as shown in Fig. 3, respectively. The contact points are 3 mm thick and 40 mm wide plastic stripes (PE, PU, or PVC, for example). It will be noted that the two core layers are different in thickness. The reason is that this reduces the negative effect of the characteristic critical frequencies of the facing and the core layers once attached together. 20 Travel stops might be incorporated as required. The air gap (4) is characterized by the thickness generated by the contact points (3) and the distance D. The distance D as illustrated in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is at least 350 mm, preferably 450 mm or most preferably 600 mm or more as long as mechanical integrity can be preserved. 25 A door manufactured according to the present invention will achieve excellent dimensional and heat stability with no bowing effect under differential temperature. It will provide thermal insulation and outstanding impact and airborn sound-insulation - better than a classic construction of three times more weight. With adequate choice of core material thickness and stiffness, excellent 30 planeness and aesthetics will be achieved even with very thin facing materials. 11 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 Example 2 A door sandwich element according to the invention was built and tested for its acoustical insulation. 2.1 - Fig. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view and the composition of the tested 5 door with a dimension of 1050 mm by 2050 mm by 55 mm (see also Fig. 1). The facings (1) are 1.5 mm thick steel sheets. The core material (2) is a noise-insulation foam, as described previously in U.S. Patent No. 5,538,779, available from The Dow Chemical Company. The top half has a thickness H1 of 15 mm and the bottom half H2 has a thickness of 35 mm. 10 Contact points (3) are made of a 30 mm wide foam strip of 5 mm thickness and 2050 mm length with a pine timber frame of 15 mm width, 55 mm thickness and running around the four sides of the door panel to provide stiffness and hard edges. As can be seen from the configuration of Fig. 4, the timber frame is entirely glued with contact neoprene adhesive to both the foam core and the steel facings, while the 15 foam stripes are only laid there to ensure contact between the two halves of core material (2) and are not glued. The test item has a measured weight of 57 kg, that is, only 26 kg/m 2 . The total thickness is 58 mm. Despite its very low weight and reduced thickness, the door element or panel 20 as per the invention, whose cross-section is illustrated in Fig. 4 achieves an amazingly high sound-insulation performance (measured in deci-Bells scale (A) (dB(A)) of Rw = 49 dB(A), R pink = 47 dB(A) and R road noise = 41 dB(A). None of the available door panels of such weight and thickness comes up with such a level of performance. 25 This compares for instance to a solid concrete wall of 90 mm thickness, weight 207 kg/m 2 , that achieves a sound-insulation of R = 47 dB. 2.2 - Fig. 5 illustrates the same door cross-section, but for this second test, the contact points stripes (3), both in the center and at the sides, have been glued with 12 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 contact adhesive to both sides of the core material (2). This attachment method allowed more stiffness on the element. As expected, the distance D being reduced from 1020 mm (test 1) to 465 mm (test 2) between contact points somewhat affects the sound-insulation performance, which 5 remains very high and is still within the scope of the invention. Rw = 45 dB(A); R pink = 44 dB(A), R road noise = 37 dB(A). 2.3 and 2.4 - Figures 6 and 7 illustrate improved cross-sections of door panels according to the invention, as suitable for industrialization. In Fig. 6, the facings (1) are relatively stiff or stiff (plywood planks for 10 instance), therefore the need for reinforcing this type is optional and depends on the span D. The two halves of the core (the two core layers (2)) have different thicknesses H1 and H2. The contact points (3) leave an air gap (4), and a frame (7) runs around the door panel. 2.4 - In Fig. 7 the facings (1) are thin sheets (steel 0.6 mm thick, for instance). 15 Therefore, it is necessary to stiffen the facings by means of U profiles (6) which are welded or glued to the facings. Since these U shaped profiles (6) are embedded into the foam core, their own vibration pattern is reduced by the strong dampening capacity of the foam core. It must be understood that other shapes like T profiles or any other profiles (from aluminum, steel, 20 plastic, or timber), providing an adequate stiffening effect due to their moment of inertia and specific modulus, are acceptable, too. The air gap (4) is very thin and is generated by the thickness of the metal frame (7), which in this specific case replaces the strips usually used as contact points (3) and forms "bridges" between the core layers. The two layers or halves of the core material 25 (2) have the same thickness (H1 = H2). Sometimes, it is more convenient to run the stiffening profile (or profiles) parallel to the width of the sandwich element and not to the height. Diagonal and cross dispositions are, of course, acceptable as well. 13 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777 Example 3 The assembly of a sandwich element according to the invention for the application as a partition element is schematically shown in Fig. 8. The sandwich element, once assembled, is shown in Fig. 9. The numbers (1) refer to the facing layers, (2) to the 5 core layers and (3) to the contact points which, in this case, belong to the core material itself, since the gap (4), 2 mm thick, is machined out of a single board. These new sandwich elements were made from a 25 mm thick polyurethane (according to U.S. Patent No. 5,538,779) board (2) and two 15 mm thick wood boards (1) by gluing them together with a neoprene-based contact adhesive. The contact points, forming 10 part of the core body, are 15 mm wide. Preferably, the gap is not exactly positioned in the center of the panel in order to avoid the accumulated negative effect of similar critical frequencies generated by the two facings when submitted to noise frequencies between approximately 50 Hz and 5000 Hz. In some cases this effect is not detrimental. However, it all depends on the thickness, modulus 15 and dampening factor of the facings. Example 4 In this example, a sandwich element according to the invention to be applied as construction unit is disclosed. With reference to Fig. 10, it is noted that the core of this element is made of two bonded planks of a plastic foam material leaving a gap (4) that is 20 centered or preferably off-centered. The sandwich element has L shaped clay brick facings that encapsulate the core (2). The L shaped facing bricks create a second gap (5) along the vertical edges of the element to provide space for electrical cables. In another embodiment the gap (5) will be used to pour jointing mortar. Another embodiment of a sandwich element for the application in the 25 construction of walls is demonstrated in Fig. 11. The facings (1) are made of hollow bricks. The cavities within the bricks, for example, slots or round holes, are open towards the core of the element. The rate of perforation is approximately between 10 percent and 80 percent, preferably above 30 percent. This disposition is characteristic of the invention and will allow reduction in the resonace frequency of the mass spring mass system, while providing some 30 sound absorption benefits at the same time. 14
Claims (18)
1. A multilayered, sound-insulating sandwich element comprising facing layers and a plastic foam core located between the facing layers and attached to the facing layers, the core presenting one or more than one cavities, characterized in that 5 the cavity/cavities is/are a gap/gaps which is/are positioned essentially parallel to the facings and is/are located within the core, the core material is a semi-rigid, cellular material containing more than 50 percent, preferably more than 90 percent open cells, and has a tensile strength of more than 50 kPa, preferably more than 90 kPa, 10 and has a compressive strength from 5 to 200 kPa, preferably from 15 to 80 kPa, at 10 percent deformation.
2. Element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the gap/gaps is/are defined by two core layers and contact points ("bridges") providing structural junctions between the core layers while keeping them seperated. 15
3. Element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance between the contact points is at least 350 mm, and more preferred is at least 450 or even at least 600 mm.
4. Element according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the core layer material is a polyurethane foam. 20
5. Element according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the core layer comprises more than one foam type.
6. Element according any one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the facing layers have a thickness, each, of from 0.5 to 200 mm, and the foam core layer has a thickness from 5 to 500 mm, preferably from 20 to 200 mm. 25
7. Element according to any one of the Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the foam core layers are different in thickness. 15 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777
8. Element according to any one of the Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the core layer material has an air flow resistivity from 5000 to 800,000 Ns/m4, preferably from 5000 to 300,000 Ns/m4.
9. Element according to any one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that 5 the core layer material has a loss factor of more than 0.1, more preferably more than 0.2.
10. Element according to any one of the Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that travel stops are provided in the case of long gaps and/or thin facing layers at at least one of the core layers and within the gap in order to keep the core layers at a certain distance from each other. 10
11. Element according to Claim 10, characterized in that the distance of the travel stops from the opposite core layer or the distance of the core layers from each other, at 0 percent deformation, is at least 0.1 mm, and preferably ranges from 2 to 10 mm.
12. Element according to any one of the Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the total contact points area is related to the total area of the sandwich element in a ratio of 15 less than 30 percent, preferably less than 15 percent.
13. Element according to any one of the Claims 1 or 12, characterized in that the facing layer material is metal sheet, preferably steel or aluminum, or wood sheet.
14. Element according to any one of the Claims 2 or 13, characterized in that the contact points are plastic foam, plastic, metal or wood strips of a thickness of from 0.5 to 20 100 mm and a width from 10 to 100 mm.
15. Process for the fabrication of the sandwich element according to any one of the Claims 1 to 14 by attaching the facing layers to the plastic foam core characterized in that the plastic foam core is produced by joining two core layers through contact points or bridges at predetermined distances thus leaving a gap/gaps between the core layers or by 25 first machining two core layers in such a way that contact points or bridges are formed at predetermined distances as integral parts of the core layers and by joining the two core layers afterwards through the contact points or bridges leaving a gap/gaps between the core layers or by cutting out the gap or gaps from a single foam plastic board. 16 WO 00/75443 PCT/US99/13777
16. Use of the element according to any one of the Claims 1 to 14 in the construction and other industries for improving the sound-insulating properties of buildings and/or machinery.
17. Use according to Claim 16, characterized in that the element is used as a 5 door, as a partition element or as a construction unit.
18. Use according to Claim 17, characterized in that the element is used as a clay brick or gypsum plaster stone. 17
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99111191A EP1061190B1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 1999-06-09 | Sound insulating sandwich element |
EP99111191 | 1999-06-09 | ||
PCT/US1999/013777 WO2000075443A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 1999-06-18 | Sound-insulating sandwich element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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AU4577499A true AU4577499A (en) | 2000-12-28 |
AU771473B2 AU771473B2 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
Family
ID=8238326
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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AU45774/99A Ceased AU771473B2 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 1999-06-18 | Sound-insulating sandwich element |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1061190B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4426141B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20020022066A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1148501C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE362024T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU771473B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9917404A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2371354C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69936046T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1061190T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2285804T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA01012664A (en) |
MY (1) | MY125896A (en) |
PT (1) | PT1061190E (en) |
TW (1) | TW592974B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000075443A1 (en) |
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AU783624B2 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2005-11-17 | Fletcher Challenge Limited | Building Construction |
FR2827323B1 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2004-06-25 | Imerys Structure | INSULATING CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT |
JP4684737B2 (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2011-05-18 | 神鋼鋼線工業株式会社 | Lightweight flooring for vehicles |
DE102005024549B3 (en) * | 2005-05-28 | 2006-12-07 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Sandwich structure with frequency-selective double wall behavior |
GB2434482A (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2007-07-25 | Gordon James Harris | Angular sound baffle |
ES2328647T3 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2009-11-16 | Basf Se | COMPOSITE ELEMENT OF FOAMED MATERIALS CONVARIAS LAYERS, THAT PRESENTS SCOTS. |
US7631727B2 (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2009-12-15 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Sandwich structure with frequency-selective double wall behavior |
AT506013B1 (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2009-09-15 | Klh Massivholz Gesmbh | FLOOR BZW. BLANKET |
CA2771435C (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2018-04-17 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Building system with improved insulation material |
US8973329B2 (en) | 2009-08-20 | 2015-03-10 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Building system with multi-function insulation barrier |
CN102700181B (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2014-09-03 | 西安交通大学 | Light multifunctional composite structure |
SG10201405027SA (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-01-28 | Perfect Sourcing Company Ltd | Composite Panel For Green Building System |
DE202014104104U1 (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2014-09-26 | Metawell Gmbh Metal Sandwich Technology | Filled metal sandwich structure |
CN106715552A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-05-24 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | Heat-conductingfoam sheet for electronic devices |
FI20165069A (en) | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-03 | Framery Oy | wall construction |
DE102016110665A1 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-14 | Odenwald-Chemie Gmbh | composite element |
CN107620403B (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2022-11-15 | 南京工业大学 | High-strength wood shear wall with rubber connecting structure |
CN107700686B (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2023-04-25 | 江苏声立方环保科技有限公司 | Sound absorption and insulation board and manufacturing method thereof |
CN109138507A (en) * | 2018-07-29 | 2019-01-04 | 广东广凌信息科技股份有限公司 | A kind of sound insulation system of massage voice reading pavilion |
CN110344510B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2020-06-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | Manufacturing method of multilayer sound insulation wall structure with wave-blocking rib plates |
US20230235553A1 (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2023-07-27 | Westlake Royal Building Products Inc. | Sound control components comprising foam composites |
US11692350B2 (en) | 2021-06-30 | 2023-07-04 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Composite noise-attenuating panel system |
FR3127740B1 (en) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-12-08 | Faiveley Transp Tours | WITH IMPROVED SOUND INSULATION PROPERTIES, |
CN114083838A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-02-25 | 青岛理工大学 | Sandwich structure with low-specific-modulus insertion layer and preparation method thereof |
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FR2228916A1 (en) * | 1973-05-10 | 1974-12-06 | Hugo Knodler Kg | Soundproof composite building panel - has voids through expanded polystyrene core filled with insulation |
SE420750B (en) | 1978-11-17 | 1981-10-26 | Ingemanssons Ingenjorsbyra Ab | SOUND-INSULATING BUILDING ELEMENT WITH GREAT STUFF |
DE3710057A1 (en) | 1987-03-27 | 1988-12-01 | Wenger Wespanwerk Ag | Sound-insulating interior partition wall |
DE3940452C1 (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1991-05-02 | Helmut 5804 Herdecke De Pelzer | Roller shutter for window and door sound insulation - consists of heavy material strips coupled by mat of open-pore foam or felt |
GB9323829D0 (en) | 1993-11-19 | 1994-01-05 | Dow Deutschland Inc | Acoustic insulating panels or elements |
-
1999
- 1999-06-09 DE DE69936046T patent/DE69936046T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-09 DK DK99111191T patent/DK1061190T3/en active
- 1999-06-09 EP EP99111191A patent/EP1061190B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-09 PT PT99111191T patent/PT1061190E/en unknown
- 1999-06-09 ES ES99111191T patent/ES2285804T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-09 AT AT99111191T patent/ATE362024T1/en active
- 1999-06-18 CA CA002371354A patent/CA2371354C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-18 BR BR9917404-9A patent/BR9917404A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-18 KR KR1020017015815A patent/KR20020022066A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-18 MX MXPA01012664A patent/MXPA01012664A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-18 CN CNB998167118A patent/CN1148501C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-18 JP JP2001501706A patent/JP4426141B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-18 MY MYPI99002533A patent/MY125896A/en unknown
- 1999-06-18 AU AU45774/99A patent/AU771473B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-06-18 WO PCT/US1999/013777 patent/WO2000075443A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-06-21 TW TW088110342A patent/TW592974B/en active
Also Published As
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DE69936046T2 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
CN1148501C (en) | 2004-05-05 |
CA2371354A1 (en) | 2000-12-14 |
KR20020022066A (en) | 2002-03-23 |
CN1352719A (en) | 2002-06-05 |
DK1061190T3 (en) | 2007-09-17 |
MY125896A (en) | 2006-08-30 |
JP4426141B2 (en) | 2010-03-03 |
EP1061190A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 |
MXPA01012664A (en) | 2002-06-04 |
ATE362024T1 (en) | 2007-06-15 |
CA2371354C (en) | 2008-04-22 |
ES2285804T3 (en) | 2007-11-16 |
AU771473B2 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
EP1061190B1 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
JP2003522305A (en) | 2003-07-22 |
WO2000075443A1 (en) | 2000-12-14 |
DE69936046D1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
TW592974B (en) | 2004-06-21 |
BR9917404A (en) | 2002-03-19 |
PT1061190E (en) | 2007-08-16 |
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