AU2021104558A4

AU2021104558A4 - Transparent Bamboo and Preparation Method and Application Thereof

Info

Publication number: AU2021104558A4
Application number: AU2021104558A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Wenjie CHENG; Qiongtao Huang; Xinyi Liu; Jiahui Su; Wenyan Tian; Caichao Wan; Song WEI; Yiqiang Wu
Original assignee: Yihua Lifestyle Technology Co Ltd; Central South University of Forestry and Technology
Current assignee: Yihua Lifestyle Technology Co Ltd; Central South University of Forestry and Technology
Priority date: 2021-07-26
Filing date: 2021-07-26
Publication date: 2021-09-23
Anticipated expiration: 2029-07-26

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of transparent bamboo and belongs to the technical field of novel bamboo technology development and modification. The preparation method of the transparent bamboo comprises the following steps: sequentially delignifying and maintaining the bamboo, soaking in liquid sodium silicate, curing, soaking in silane solution, and evaporating to dryness to obtain the transparent bamboo. The transparent bamboo prepared by the invention has high light transmittance, good flame retardant performance and hydrophobic effect, and provides a foundation for the extensive application ofbamboo.

Description

Transparent Bamboo and Preparation Method and Application Thereof

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the technical field of novel bamboo technology

development and modification, in particular to a transparent bamboo and a

preparation method and application thereof.

BACKGROUND

With the development of global economy, people's living standard is gradually

improved, following by the increasing demand for wood resources In 2017,

commercial logging of natural forests was completely banned in China, and countries

all over the world successively issued policies to prohibit or restrict log export due to

the needs of ecological environment improvement and economic development.

Therefore, the contradiction between the rigid demand for wood and the reduction of

wood supply has become increasingly acute. As a renewable resource, bamboo has

the properties of fast growth, large quantity, strong regeneration ability and

sustainable utilization after one planting. Bamboo products and wood products have

similar physical and operational properties, which makes them the preferred substitute

for wood resources. The development of bamboo industry not only alleviates the

contradiction between timber supply and demand, but also meets the relevant

requirements of national industrial policy adjustment.

With the development of bamboo processing technology, a variety of bamboo

products, such as bamboo cement formwork, bamboo glue flooring, and bamboo

container floor (bottom plate), are constantly emerging and widely used in building, furniture manufacturing and other fields. However, bamboo wood, as a kind of polymer material, contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which makes it easy to bum, so there is a fire hazard in use. In addition, the bamboo wood is prone to mildew and bacterial rot in wet environment, which seriously restricts the development and utilization of it. Therefore, how to modify bamboo wood to obtain better materials has become an urgent problem for technicians in this field.

The methods of modifying bamboo in the prior art mainly include removing

lignin and some chromophonic groups in bamboo and impregnating organic polymers

such as epoxy resin to obtain transparent bamboo with high light transmittance.

However, the bamboo wood impregnated with epoxy resin has the problems of poor

flame retardancy and no hydrophobicity, which limits the application of organic resin

transparent bamboo in many fields. However, how to overcome the defects of using

epoxy resin to modify bamboo wood and prepare a kind of bamboo material with high

light transmittance, better flame retardant property and hydrophobic property has

become an urgent problem to be solved by technicians in this field.

SUMMARY

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a transparent bamboo, a

preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the

prior art. By modifying the bamboo wood, the bamboo has excellent light

transmittance, flame retardant performance and hydrophobic performance, and

provides a foundation for the extensive application of the bamboo wood.

To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following

scheme:

According to the first technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method

of transparent bamboo comprises the following steps: sequentially delignification and

form maintenance treatment are carried out on the bamboo wood, and then the

bamboo wood is soaked in liquid sodium silicate, and then cured, soaked in silane

solution and evaporated to dryness to obtain the transparent bamboo.

Furthermore, after the form maintenance treatment and before soaking in liquid

sodium silicate, the preparation of delignified bamboo template is also included,

which specifically includes soaking in water for 1-3 min and drying at room

temperature for 5-10 min.

Further, the density of the bamboo wood is 0.6g/cm to 0.7g/cm3 ; The thickness

of that bamboo is 1-3 mm.

Further, the preparation process of the delignified bamboo template specifically

comprises the following steps: soaking bamboo in lignin modified solution, and

boiling at the temperature of 85-95 'C for 2-4 hours; The lignin modified solution is a

mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and glacial acetic acid.

Further, the mass percentage of sodium chlorite in the lignin modified solution is

3.0%-5.0%; The pH value of the lignin modified solution is 4-5.

Further, the form maintenance specifically includes soaking in absolute ethyl

alcohol solution for 12-24h.

Further, the modulus of the liquid sodium silicate is 2.2-3.5; The immersion time

in liquid sodium silicate is 2 hours to 10 hours; The immersion condition in liquid

sodium silicate is vacuum condition; The temperature of the curing treatment is 25-30

°C and the curing time is 24-36 hours; And the curing treatment is carried out in a

closed environment.

Further, the silane solution is a mixed solution of perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane

and chlorotrimethylsilane; The volume ratio of perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane to

chlorotrimethylsilane is 2: 1-1: 2.

The second technical scheme of the invention is the transparent bamboo prepared

by the preparation method of the transparent bamboo.

The third technical scheme of the invention is the application of transparent

bamboo in the building and manufacturing of furniture.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

According to the invention, the bamboo wood is delignified, and then transparent

liquid sodium silicate is filled into the bamboo wood, so that the liquid sodium silicate

substance penetrates into complex pores inside and forms chemical bonds such as

hydrogen bonds with water and hydroxyl groups inside the bamboo; This improves

the stability and flame retardancy of bamboo wood. Impregnating bamboo with liquid

sodium silicate can greatly reduce the weight loss in the burning and carbonization

stage, and the whole burning process is split from two thermal spikes to three, so that

the amount of residual carbon in pyrolysis increases, the residual weight rate rises, the

temperature at which the peak of pyrolysis rate appears decreases from 439C to 122, and the pyrolysis zone moves forward. Sodium silicate participates in and influences the decomposition and carbonization process of bamboo, reduces the generation of combustible substances (CH4, CH30H and wood tar, etc.), and effectively hinders flaming combustion. It also promotes the transformation of bamboo pyrolysis process to the direction of generating more charcoal, which makes the carbonization process advance, and the amount of remaining charcoal increases, which improves the combustion stability. In addition, when burning, the sodium silicate filled in bamboo can be hydrolysed to form polysilicic acid, and the inorganic film generated by heating forms a molten glassy interlayer on the bamboo surface, which can prevent the combustible gas decomposed by bamboo from escaping and prevent oxygen in the atmosphere from entering the bamboo, thus playing a role in flame retardant. By dipping liquid sodium silicate, the light transmittance and flame retardancy of bamboo were increased. The superhydrophobic layer deposited on the surface of transparent bamboo by dipping method has superhydrophobic effect, which provides the hydrophobic property.

The preparation process of the transparent bamboo is simple and environment

friendly, and the prepared transparent bamboo has high light transmittance; Lignin

modified solution was used for delignification treatment, and colourless transparent

inorganic substances were impregnated and filled. Compared with transparent

bamboo impregnated with organic resin, the flame retardant property of the prepared

transparent bamboo was stronger. Under the condition of heat output of 35KW/m2,

the ignition time of 3.5g transparent bamboo was 96 s; Furthermore, the mixed solution of perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane and chlorotrimethylsilane flows on the surface of bamboo by dip coating method, and then the hydrophobic layer is formed by evaporation of solvent droplets. Compared with common bamboo, the hydrophobic effect is better, and the contact angle can reach 154.7.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical

scheme in the prior art more clearly, the figures needed in the embodiments will be

briefly introduced below. Obviously, the figures in the following description are only

some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in the field,

other figures can be obtained according to these without paying creative labour.

Figure 1 is an SEM picture of bamboo wood after delignification prepared in

step (1) of example 1 of the present invention;

Figure 2 is an SEM picture of transparent bamboo wood with flame retardant

property prepared in step (5) of example 1 of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a light transmission performance diagram of transparent bamboo with

flame retardant property prepared in step (5) of example 1 of the present invention;

Figure 4 is an effective combustion heat diagram of bamboo prepared by the

present invention, in which 1 is the original bamboo without any treatment while 2 is

the transparent bamboo with flame retardant property prepared in step (5) of example

1.

Figure 5 is a graph of heat release rate of bamboo prepared by the present

invention, where 1 is the original bamboo without any treatment while 2 is the

transparent bamboo with flame retardant property prepared in step (5) of example 1.

Figure 6 is the total release heat diagram of bamboo prepared by the present

invention, where 1 is the original bamboo without any treatment while 2 is the

Figure 7 is a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) graph of bamboo

prepared by the present invention, in which A is the transparent bamboo with flame

retardant property prepared in step (5) of example 1 while B is the original bamboo

without any treatment;

Figure 8 is an XPS full spectrum data diagram of transparent bamboo with flame

retardant property prepared in step (5) of example 1 of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a data diagram of Na element in XPS of transparent bamboo with

Figure 10 is a data diagram of Si element in XPS of transparent bamboo with

Figure 11 is a TG graph of bamboo prepared in embodiment 1 of the present

invention. a is the transparent bamboo with flame retardant property prepared in step

(5) of example 1 while b is the original bamboo without any treatment.

Figure 12 is a DTG graph of bamboo prepared in embodiment 1 of the present

invention, where a is the transparent bamboo with flame retardant property prepared

in step (5) of example while b is the original bamboo without any treatment;

Figure 13 is a graph of contact angle test results of bamboo with

superhydrophobic properties prepared in step (6) of example 1 of the present

invention;

Figure 14 is a light transmission performance diagram of transparent bamboo

with flame retardant property prepared in step (5) of comparative example 1 of the

present invention;

Figure 15 is a graph of contact angle test results of bamboo with

superhydrophobic property prepared in step (6) of comparative example 2 of the

present invention;

Figure 16 is a graph of contact angle test results of bamboo with

superhydrophobic property prepared in step (6) of comparative example 3 of the

present invention;

Figure 17 is a combustion process diagram of bamboo prepared according to the

present invention. a is the transparent bamboo with flame retardant property prepared

in step (5) of comparative example 4 while b is the transparent bamboo with flame

retardant property prepared in step (5) of example 1.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described

in detail, which should not be regarded as a limitation of the present invention, but

rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, properties and embodiments

of the present invention.

Terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific

embodiments, and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, as for the

numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that every

intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is also

specifically disclosed. Intermediate values within any stated value or stated range and

every smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate values within the

stated range are also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of

these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the

same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the

present invention relates. Although the present invention only describes preferred

methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those

described herein may be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All

documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose

and describe methods and/or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict

with any incorporated documents, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

Without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, it is obvious to those

skilled in the art that many modifications and changes can be made to the specific

embodiments of the specification of the invention. Other embodiments derived from

the description of the present invention will be apparent to the skilled person. The

specification and examples of this application are only exemplary.

As used herein, "including", "includes", "have", "containing", etc. are all open

terms, which means including but not limited to.

Example 1

A preparation method of transparent bamboo:

(1) Delignification treatment: bamboo with a density of 0.65g/cm 3 , a length

(along the bamboo growth direction) of 30 mm, a width (perpendicular to the bamboo

growth direction) of 20mm and a thickness of 1mm was immersed in lignin modified

solution (the lignin modified solution was a mixed aqueous solution of sodium

chlorite and glacial acetic acid, in which the mass percentage of sodium chlorite was

4%, and the pH value of the mixed solution was 4.6), and then placed in a reaction

kettle for boiling for 3h and taken out.

(2) Form maintenance treatment: the delignified bamboo was soaked in absolute

ethyl alcohol for 18h, and obtained the delignified bamboo with fine form.

(3) Preparation of the delignified bamboo template: the delignified bamboo was

soaked with fine form obtained in step (2) in deionized water for 2min, and then dried

at room temperature for 5min to obtain the delignified bamboo template.

(4) The delignified bamboo template was immersed in liquid sodium silicate

with modulus of 2.25 under vacuum condition for 6 h to obtain the impregnated

bamboo.

(5) The bamboo impregnated in the step (4) was cured in a closed environment at

the temperature of 28 'C for 24 hours to obtain transparent bamboo with flame

retardant property.

(6) The transparent bamboo wood was soaked with flame retardant property

obtained in the step (5) into a mixed solution of perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane and

chlorotrimethylsilane in a volume ratio of 1:1 for full wetting, and then took out and

evaporated to dry to form a liquid film with superhydrophobic property.

Effect example 1

The bamboo treated in step (1) and step (5) of example 1 were observed by

scanning electron microscope, and the results were shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

It can be seen from fig. 1 that a large amount of lignin has been removed from

the bamboo treated in step (1); It can be seen from fig. 2 that sodium silicate smoothly

enters the bamboo.

Effect example 2

The transparent bamboo with flame retardant property obtained in step (5) of

example 1 was tested for transmittance (referring to Figure 3).

Figure 3 shows that the treated bamboo has high transparency, and the word

"Snoopy" can be clearly seen.

Effect example 3

3.5g of transparent bamboo with flame retardant property obtained in step (5) of

example 1 and the original bamboo without any treatment were respectively taken for

flame retardant property test (referring to Figures 4-6), and the Fourier transform

infrared spectrum of bamboo was measured (referring to Figure 7).

It can be seen from Figure 4 that the effective heat of combustion curves of both

were relatively stable within Os-25s. After 25s, the curves of the original bamboos fluctuate sharply, while the curves of the transparent bamboos fluctuate obviously after 150s. It shows that the burning degree of original bamboo was much more intense than that of transparent bamboo in 0 s ~ 150 s.

Figure 5 shows that the heat release rate curve of the original bamboo has only

one obvious peak at 50s; The heat release rate curve of transparent bamboo was flat,

the peak value decreases greatly, and reaches the peak value at about 205s. This

shows that the rate of combustible volatile products generated by thermal degradation

of transparent bamboo was greatly reduced, and the time distribution of combustion

heat release tends to be uniform, which was very beneficial to feedback to bamboo by

reducing heat and has obvious flame retardant effect.

Figure 6 shows that from the ignition of the sample to the flaming combustion

stage where the exothermic peak appears, the total released heat of the original

bamboo increases rapidly and changes dramatically when the exothermic peak (50s)

appears, and the total released heat increases gradually after the exothermic peak. The

total heat release curve and heat release rate curve of transparent bamboo were much

lower than those of original bamboo, which indicates that transparent bamboo can

effectively inhibit the heat release from burning. And under the condition that the heat

output was 35KW/m 2, the ignition time of 3.5g of transparent bamboo with flame

retardant property prepared in step (5) of example 1 was 96s.

The absorption peaks of the original bamboo sample in fig. 7 include: tensile

vibration of O-H group at 3317 cm-1; Tensile vibration of CH-H group at 2922 cm-1:

Symmetric tensile vibration of C=O group at 1463 cm- 1; Tensile vibration of acetyl in hemicellulose at 1725 cm-1: Tensile vibration of lignin aromatic ring group C=C group at 1602 cm- 1; Tensile vibration of C=O group of aromatic skeleton of phenolic extracts and lignin at 1514 cm-1; Tensile vibration of C-O group of lignin at 1241 cm-1 and tensile vibration of ether bond in cellulose at 1050 cm-1.The absorption peaks of transparent bamboo include tensile vibration of O-H group at 3269 cm- 1, and the absorption peak band was obviously widened, while the absorption peak intensity of stretching vibration of O-H group near 1643 cm-1 was also enhanced. This indicated that the content of free hydroxyl groups in bamboo decreased and the number of associated hydroxyl groups increased, which indicated that hydrogen bonding was formed between the impregnated liquid sodium silicate and hydroxyl groups in bamboo, which improved various properties of transparent bamboo, which was also the main reason for the improvement of flame retardant properties. And the stretching band caused by tensile vibration of Si-O group at 987 cm- 1. The weak absorption peak at 777 cm-1 was related to the symmetric contraction of Si-0-Si.

Effect example 4

The XPS full spectrum data (fig. 8), Na element data in XPS (fig. 9) and Si

element data in XPS (fig. 10) of transparent bamboo with flame retardant property

obtained in step (5) of example 1 were measured.

It can be seen from fig. 8-10 that the absorption peaks of Na and Si elements

appear in the XPS spectrum of transparent bamboo besides the main absorption peaks

of C and 0 elements, which indicates that liquid sodium silicate was effectively

immersed in bamboo. In the data diagram of Si element, the absorption peak of Si-0-

C structure appears. The absorption peak of Na-O structure appears in the Na element

data diagram. It can be inferred that liquid sodium silicate reacts with water and

hydroxyl in bamboo, which indicates that sodium silicate and bamboo were combined

by chemical bond.

Effect example 5

TG curve (fig. 11) and DTG curve (fig. 12) of transparent bamboo with flame

retardant property and original bamboo without any treatment in example 1 were

measured.

It can be seen from figs. 11-12 that the mass loss of original bamboo (B) was

mainly due to evaporation of water in the first stage of combustion, i.e. within 0-135

°C, with a weight loss of about 6%; The second stage of OB combustion was

carbonization stage, which occurred in the range of 140-330°C. During this stage, a

large number of combustible substances (CH4, CH30H and wood tar, etc.) were

released by the heat of hemicellulose and cellulose, and flame combustion occurs, and

the weight loss was rapidly accelerated. The sharp cellulose pyrolysis peak appears on

DTG curve, namely the main peak at 317°C, and the secondary peak at 275°C

belongs to the thermal decomposition peak of hemicellulose. The third stage of OB

combustion, i.e. charcoal calcination, occurs in the range of 330~420°C. At this stage,

the combustible volatiles decrease, mainly due to the pyrolysis of lignin and residues,

and the weight loss rate slows down obviously. It changes from flame combustion to

charcoal calcination, which was relatively flat on DTG curve. Finally, the deflagration

stage of OB occurs at 439°C, charcoal burns violently, and a sharp peak appears on

DTG curve. After the ambient temperature was 440°C, the quality tends to be stable,

forming a stable residual carbon structure, and the pyrolysis residual weight rate was

low. At 0-210°C, transparent bamboo (TB) lost weight for the first time, with water

evaporation of about 27%, and the maximum peak of pyrolysis rate appeared on DTG

curve. The impregnation of liquid sodium silicate greatly reduced the weight loss of

bamboo during burning and carbonization, and the whole combustion process split

from two thermal spikes to three, which increased the amount of carbon left in

pyrolysis, increased the residual weight rate of pyrolysis, reduced the temperature of

the peak of pyrolysis rate from 439C to 122C. In the range of 21036 0 °C, the

weight loss rate of TB was about 12%, which was far less than that of OB; The

maximum weight loss rate also decreased obviously, which indicated that the

pyrolysis reaction in this stage was affected. In the range of 360~450°C, the weight

loss rate of TB was about 8% and obviously reduced, which indicated that there was

more carbon left in the last stage and the stability was improved. It indicated that

sodium silicate participates in and influences the decomposition and carbonization

process of bamboo, reduced the generation of combustible substances (CH4, CH30H

and wood tar, etc.), hindered the flaming combustion, and promoted the

transformation of the direction of generating more charcoal in the bamboo pyrolysis

process. After 550°C, the sample quality tended to be stable, indicated that a more

stable carbon residue structure was formed, and the residual weight rate of pyrolysis

was higher.

Effect example 6

Measured the contact angle of bamboo with superhydrophobic property obtained

in step (6) of example 1 (fig. 13);

Figure 13 showed that bamboo has a good hydrophobic effect, and the surface

contact angle can reach 154.7.

Comparative example 1

Same as example 1, the difference was that the number of liquid sodium silicate

templates in Step (4) was 3.3.

Comparative example 2

Same as example 1, the difference was that the volume ratio of perfluorooctyl

trichlorosilane to chlorotrimethylsilane in step (6) was 1:2.

Comparative example 3

Same as example 1, the difference was that the volume ratio of perfluorooctyl

trichlorosilane to chlorotrimethylsilane in step (6) was 2:1.

Comparative example 4

Same as example 1, the difference was that step (4) was to soak the delignified

bamboo template in epoxy resin for 30 min.

Effect Example 7

The transparent bamboo with flame retardant property obtained after the

treatment in step (5) of comparative example 1 was tested for transmittance (fig. 14).

It can be seen from fig. 14 that the transmittance of the prepared bamboo was

reduced, which was due to the high modulus of liquid sodium silicate, relatively poor

fluidity and difficult impregnation and curing.

Effect example 8

The contact angles of bamboo with superhydrophobic properties obtained in step

(6) in comparative examples 2-3 were measured (figs. 15-16).

It can be seen from fig. 15-16 that the contact angle of treated bamboo

decreased.

Effect Example 9

The transparent bamboo prepared in step (5) of comparative example 4 and the

transparent bamboo with flame retardant property prepared in step (5) of example 1

were burned, and the results were shown in Figure 17.

It can be seen from fig. 17 that the bamboo prepared in comparative example 4

has poor flame retardant performance, and the burning process was intense, and it was

completely burned in 1 min.

The above examples only describe the preferred mode of the invention, but do

not limit the scope of the invention. On the premise of not departing from the design

spirit of the invention, various modifications and improvements made by ordinary

technicians in the field to the technical scheme of the invention shall be within the

protection scope determined by the claims of the invention.

Claims

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1. The invention relates to a preparation method of transparent bamboo, which is

characterized by comprising the following steps: the bamboo is sequentially subjected

to delignification and form maintenance treatment, then soaked in liquid sodium

silicate, then cured, soaked in silane solution and evaporated to dryness to obtain the

transparent bamboo.

2. The preparation method of transparent bamboo according to claim 1, which is

characterized in that further comprises the preparation of a delignified bamboo

template after the form maintenance treatment and before soaking in liquid sodium

silicate, specifically: soaking in water for 1-3 min and drying at room temperature for

-10 min.

3. The preparation method of transparent bamboo according to claim 1, which is

characterized in that the density of the bamboo is 0.6g/cm3-0.7g/cm3; The thickness

of the bamboo is 1 mm to 3 mm.

4. The preparation method of transparent bamboo according to claim 1, which is

characterized in that the preparation process of the delignified bamboo template

specifically comprises: soaking bamboo in lignin modified solution, and boiling at 85

°C for 2-4 hours; The lignin modified solution is a mixed aqueous solution of

sodium chlorite and glacial acetic acid.

5. The preparation method of transparent bamboo according to claim 4, which is

characterized in that the mass percentage of sodium chlorite in the lignin modified

solution is 3.0%-5.0%; The pH value of the lignin modified solution is 4-5.

6. The preparation method of transparent bamboo according to claim 1, which is

characterized in that the form maintenance treatment specifically comprises soaking

in absolute ethanol solution for 12-24 h.

7. The preparation method of transparent bamboo according to claim 1, which is

characterized in that the modulus of the liquid sodium silicate is 2.2-3.5; The

immersion time in liquid sodium silicate is 2 hours to 10 hours; The immersion

condition in liquid sodium silicate is vacuum condition; The temperature of the curing

treatment is 25-30 °C and the time is 24-36 hours; The curing treatment is carried out

in a closed environment.

8. The method for preparing transparent bamboo according to claim 1, which is

characterized in that the silane solution is a mixed solution of

perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane and Chlorotrimethylsilane; The volume ratio of

perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane to chlorotrimethylsilane is 2: 1-1: 2.

9. A transparent bamboo prepared by the method for preparing transparent

bamboo according to any one of claims I to 8.

10. The application of the transparent bamboo according to claim 9 in building

and manufacturing of furniture.