AU2020251260B2 - Cement composition and method for producing cement composition - Google Patents
Cement composition and method for producing cement composition Download PDFInfo
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- AU2020251260B2 AU2020251260B2 AU2020251260A AU2020251260A AU2020251260B2 AU 2020251260 B2 AU2020251260 B2 AU 2020251260B2 AU 2020251260 A AU2020251260 A AU 2020251260A AU 2020251260 A AU2020251260 A AU 2020251260A AU 2020251260 B2 AU2020251260 B2 AU 2020251260B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/26—Carbonates
- C04B14/28—Carbonates of calcium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
- C04B22/14—Acids or salts thereof containing sulfur in the anion, e.g. sulfides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/02—Portland cement
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Provided is a cement composition capable of ensuring strength when used in concrete by mortar evaluation and capable of quality control of concrete by mortar evaluation. This cement composition includes clinker, gypsum, and limestone, and the lattice volume of the calcite in the limestone is 366.76 Å
Description
Title of Invention
Technical Field
[0001]
The present invention relates to a cement composition and
a method for manufacturing a cement composition. Particularly,
the present invention relates to a cement composition using
Portland cement.
Background Art
[0002]
For quality assurance of buildings constructed using
structures prepared using mortar or concrete, a cement
composition used in the mortar or concrete needs to exhibit high
strength. Therefore, conventionally, various cement
compositions that exhibit high strength have been developed.
[0003]
As one of such cement compositions, a cement composition
is known which is made exhibit higher strength by the adjustment
of particle size distribution or specific surface area of the
cement composition. For example, in the cement-containing powder composition described in Patent Literature No. 1, the
Blaine specific surface area of a cemental material is set to
1,500 to 3,300 cm 2 /g, and the amount of components that remain
on a 100 pm sieve is set to 0.5% to 40% by mass, so that the
cement-containing powder composition exhibits higher strength.
Citation List
Patent Literature
[0004]
[Patent Literature No. 1] Japanese Laid-open Patent
Publication No. 2014-166927
Summary of Invention
Technical Problem
[0005]
In Patent Literature No. 1, the strength that a cement
composition exhibits is evaluated using a test piece prepared
from mortar. According to this Literature, in a case where a
cement composition is confirmed to exhibit high strength by the
evaluation with mortar, the cement composition is regarded as
exhibiting high strength as well in concrete. However,
unfortunately, the cement composition regarded as exhibiting
high strength by the evaluation with mortar does not always
exhibit high strength when used in concrete.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in consideration of
the above problem, and an object of the present invention is
to provide a cement composition which can ensure strength of
concrete by evaluation with mortar when used in the concrete
and makes it possible to control the quality of concrete by
evaluation with mortar.
Solution to Problem
[0007]
As a result of intensive studies, the inventors of the
present invention have found that there is a strong correlation
between a calcite lattice volume of limestone used in a cement
composition and a concrete/mortar strength ratio (a ratio
between the strength of a concrete test piece prepared from the
cement composition and the strength of a mortar test piece
prepared from the same cement composition). Furthermore, the
inventors have found that in a case where limestone having a
specific calcite lattice volume is used, the concrete/mortar
strength ratio tends to be high even though the mortar strength
is substantially the same, and the variation in the concrete
strength is reduced. Based on this finding, the inventors have
accomplished the present invention.
[0008]
In order to achieve the above object, the presentinvention
provides the following [1] to [5].
[1] A cement composition containing clinker, gypsum, and
limestone, in which a calcite lattice volume of the limestone
is 366.76 A3 or more and 368.00 A3 or less.
[2] The cement composition described in [1], in which in
the clinker, a proportion of 3CaO-SiO2 is 50% to 75% by mass,
a proportion of 2CaO-SiO2 is 8% to 30% by mass, and a proportion
of 3CaO•Al2O3 and 4CaO•Al2O3•Fe2O3 is 15% to 25% by mass in total,
and each of the proportions is calculated by the Bogue's
equation.
[3] The cement composition described in [1] or [2], in
which a proportion of particles having a particle size
distribution of 11 pm or more and less than 22 pm is 18.0% or
higher and 26.0% or lower, a proportion of particles having a
particle size distribution of 22 pm or more and less than 44
pm is 31.8% or higher and 38.0% or lower, and each of the particle
size distributions is analyzed by a Microtrac method.
[4] The cement composition described in any one of [1] to
[3], which has a Blaine specific surface area of 3,200 cm 2 /g or
more and 3,800 cm 2 /g or less.
[5] A method for manufacturing a cement composition,
includinga step ofcrushingandmixing together clinker, gypsum,
and limestone which has a calcite lattice volume of 366.76 A3
or more and 368.00 A3 or less.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
[0009]
According to the present invention, it is possible to
ensure the strength of concrete by evaluation with mortar when
the present invention is used in the concrete. Furthermore,
because the strength of concrete can be estimated with high
accuracy by evaluation with mortar, the quality of the concrete
can be appropriately controlled.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0010]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between mortar
strength and concrete strength.
Description of Embodiments
[0011]
Hereinafter, acement composition ofthe presentinvention
will be specifically described. In the present specification,
the notation of a numerical range, such as "AA to BB", means
"AA or more and BB or less".
[0012]
[Cement composition]
The cement composition of the present invention contains
clinker, gypsum, and limestone, and a calcite lattice volume
of the limestone is 366.76 A3 or more and 368.00 A3 or less.
Specifically, the cement composition of the present
invention is ordinary Portland cement, rapid hardening Portland
cement, or extra rapid hardening Portland cement.
Hereinafter, eachcomponent of the cement composition will
be described.
[0013]
[Clinker]
The clinker used in the cement composition of the present
invention contains 3CaO-SiO2 (abbreviation: C 3 S), 2CaO-SiO2
(abbreviation: C 2 S) , 3CaO -A1203 (abbreviation: C 3 A) , and
4CaO -A1203 -FeO3 (abbreviation: C 4 AF) . Cement clinker is
constituted with main minerals, alite (C3S) and belite (C2S)
, an interstitial phase of an aluminate phase (C 3 A) and a ferrite
phase (C 4 AF) between the crystals of the main minerals, and the
like.
[0014]
The clinker used in the cement composition of the present
invention is not particularly limited as long as the clinker
satisfies the quality specified in JIS R 5210: 2009 "Portland
cement". However, the clinker is preferably a material in which
a proportion of 3CaO•SiO2 calculated by the Bogue's equation is
50% to 75% by mass, a proportion of 2CaO-SiO2 calculated by the
Bogue's equation is 8% to 30% by mass, and a proportion of
3CaO•Al2O3 and 4CaO•Al2O3•Fe2O3 calculated by the Bogue's
equation is 15% to 25% by mass in total.
[0015]
<Clinker manufacturing process>
The clinker of the present invention can be manufactured
as follows, for example. As raw materials of the clinker, any
of materials can be used regardless of their forms, such as a
simple element, an oxide, and an oxycarbide, as long as they
contain Ca, Si, Al, Fe, and the like. Furthermore, a mixture
of these can be used. Examples ofnaturalraw materials include
limestone, clay, silica stone, and iron oxide raw materials.
Examples of industrial raw materials include recycled raw
materials, blast furnace slag, fly ash, and the like containing
the above elements. The mixing ratio of the clinker raw
materials is not particularly limited as long as clinker
satisfying the values calculated by the Bogue's equation can
be manufactured. The formulation of the raw materials can be
determined so that the clinker is composed of components at the
desired proportions corresponding to the values calculated by
the Bogue's equation.
[0016]
Then, the raw materials of clinker mixed together at the
proportions to obtain the desired clinker is calcined under the
following calcination conditions and cooled. Generally,
calcination is performed using an electric furnace, a rotary
kiln, or the like. Examples of the calcination method include
a method including a first calcination step of calcining the raw materials of clinker by heating them at a predetermined first calcination temperature for a first calcination time, a temperature raising step of raising the temperature up to a predetermined second calcination temperature from the first calcination temperature for apredetermined temperature raising time after the first calcination step, and a second calcination step of calcining the raw materials of clinker by heating them at the second calcination temperature for apredetermined second calcination time after the temperature raising step. For example, in a case where an electric furnace is used, clinker can be manufactured by calcining raw materials of clinker by heating them at a calcination temperature (first calcination temperature) of 1,000°C for 30 minutes (first calcination time)
(first calcination step), then raising the temperature up to
1,4500C (second calcination temperature) for 30 minutes
(temperature raising time) (temperature raising step), further
calcining the rawmaterials ofclinker byheating themat1,450C
for 15 minutes (second calcination time) (second calcination
step), and then quenching the calcined material.
[0017]
[Gypsum]
The cement composition of the present invention contains
gypsum. Furthermore, the gypsum in the present invention
includes hemihydrate gypsum. The gypsum in the present
invention may further include anhydrous gypsum and/or dihydrate gypsum.
The ratio of the mass of the gypsum expressed in terms of
SO3 to the mass of the cement composition is preferably 0.8% by
mass or higher, and more preferably 1.0% by mass or higher. In
a case where the ratio of the gypsum is within the above range,
it is possible to appropriately control drying shrinkage of the
cement composition and to improve the long-term strength (for
example, the strength of concrete at the age of 28 days) that
the cement composition exhibits.
The proportion of SO 3 in the gypsum can be measured
according to JIS R 5202: 2010 "Methods for chemical analysis
of Portland cements". The ratio of the mass of the gypsum
expressed in terms of SO 3 to the mass of the cement composition
can be determined from the amount of the gypsum mixed in and
the proportion of SO 3 contained in the gypsum.
[0018]
[Limestone]
The limestone of the present invention is required to have
a calcite lattice volume of 366.76 A3 or more and 368.00 A3 or
less. In the present invention, the calcite lattice volume is
a value calculated from the lattice constant which is obtained
by performing X-ray diffraction analysis on limestone and
analyzing the diffraction pattern by Rietveld refinement.
[0019]
The limestone is added to the cement composition mainly for the purpose of improving fluidity, durability, and strength of mortar or concrete. Generally, the limestone contains trace components. The trace components are dissolved in the lattice of calcium carbonate which is a main component of the limestone, hence the calcite lattice volume changes. MgOis the main trace component. Because the ion radius of magnesium is smaller than the ion radius of calcium, the calcite lattice volume tends to decrease depending on the content rate of MgO. The content of trace components of limestone varies with the limestone mining area. Therefore, the calcite lattice volume also varies with the limestone mining area.
The calcite lattice volume of the limestone is preferably
366.82 A3 or more. Particularly, the calcite lattice volume of
the limestone is preferably 366.90 A3 or more.
The effect obtained using the limestone having a calcite
lattice volume in the above range will be described later.
[0020]
The proportion of the limestone in the cement composition
is not particularly limited as long as the composition satisfies
the quality specified in JIS R 5210: 2009 "Portland cement".
However, the proportion of the limestone is preferably 1.0% by
mass or higher, and more preferably 1.5% by mass or higher. In
a case where the proportion of the limestone is within the above
range, the long-term strength (for example, the strength of
concrete at the age of 28 days) that the cement composition exhibits can be improved, and the fluidity of the cement composition is enhanced. As a result, the workability of concrete prepared using the cement composition can be improved.
Furthermore, in a case where the proportion of the limestone
is within the above range, by crushing and mixing together the
limestone, the gypsum, and the clinker in manufacturing the
cement composition, it is possible to appropriately adjust the
particle size distribution in the cement composition. The
proportion of the limestone in the cement composition can be
calculated from the amount of the limestone mixed in.
[0021]
[Other components]
For controlling fluidity, hydration rate, or strength to
be exhibited, fly ash, blast furnace slag, fumed silica, and
the like can be added to the cement composition of the present
invention. Furthermore, by adding an AE water-reducing agent,
a high performance water-reducing agent, or a high performance
AE water-reducing agent, particularly, by adding a
polycarboxylic acid-based high performance AE water-reducing
agent to the cement composition of the present invention, it
is possible to further improve the fluidity and strength of
concrete.
[0022]
[Method for manufacturing cement composition]
The method formanufacturingacement compositionincludes a step of crushing and mixing together clinker, gypsum, and limestone which has a calcite lattice volume of 366.78 A3 or more and 368.00 A3 or less. In this step, it is preferable to mix together clinker, gypsum, and limestone together at a predetermined ratio and crush the mixture. The mixture is crushed by a known method so that the desired Blaine specific surface area is obtained. Examples of the crushing method include a method using a ball mill which is a commonly used crusher.
[0023]
Alternatively, in the present invention, the cement
composition can be manufactured by mixing together
preliminarily crushed clinker, gypsum, and limestone (having
a calcite volume of 366.76 A3 or more and 368.00 A3 or less) at
apredeterminedratio so that the desiredBlaine specificsurface
area is obtained after mixing.
[0024]
[Particle size distribution of cement composition]
In the cement composition of the present invention, a
proportion of particles having a particle size distribution of
11 pm or more and less than 22 pm is preferably 18.0% or higher
and 26.0% or lower, and a proportion of particles having a
particle size distribution of 22 pm or more and less than 44
pm is preferably 31.8% or higher and 38.0% or lower. Each of
the particle size distributionsis analyzedby aMicrotracmethod.
In the present invention, the use of limestone having a calcite
lattice volume of 366.76 A3 or more and 368.00 A3 or less makes
it possible to easily adjust the particle size distribution of
the cement composition to be within the above range.
The proportion of particles having a particle size
distribution of 11 pm or more and less than 22 pm is more
preferably 21.0% or higher and 24.0% or lower, and theproportion
of particles having a particle size distribution of 22 pm or
more and less than 44 pm is more preferably 32.0% or higher and
35.0% or lower.
The particle size distribution analysis by a Microtrac
method can be performed based on JIS R 1629 "Determination of
particle size distributions for fine ceramic raw materials by
laser diffraction -scattering method".
[0025]
[Blaine specific surface area of cement composition]
The Blaine specificsurface area of the cement composition
of the present invention is preferably 3,200 cm2 /g or more and
3,800 cm 2 /g or less. In a case where the Blaine specific surface
area of the cement composition is within the above range, the
long-term strength (for example, the strength of concrete at
the age of 28 days) that the cement composition exhibits can
be further improved. In addition, the fluidity of the cement
composition can be improved. The Blaine specific surface area
is a specific surface area measured by the Blaine method according to JIS R 5201: 2015 "Physical testing methods for cement".
[0026]
[Mortar and concrete]
Cement milk can be prepared by mixing the cement
composition of the present invention with water. Mortar can be
prepared by mixing the cement composition of the present
invention with water and sand. Concrete can be manufactured by
mixing the cement composition of the present invention with sand
and gravel. Furthermore, blast furnace slag, fly ash, and the
like can also be added in preparing mortar or concrete by using
the cement composition.
[0027]
[Concrete/mortar strength ratio]
The closer the ratio between the strength of a concrete
test piece prepared from the cement composition and the strength
of a mortar test piece prepared from the same cement composition
(concrete/mortar strength ratio) to 1, the more preferable.
Because the limestone having a calcite lattice volume of 366.76
A3 or more and 368.00 A3 or less is used in the cement composition
of the present invention, the concrete/mortar strength ratio
is 0.74 or higher. This ratio is higher than the ratio obtained
in a case where limestone having a calcite lattice volume outside
the above range is used. That is, the cement composition of the
present invention can ensure the concrete strength by the evaluation with mortar.
In addition, the cement composition of the present
invention can reduce the variation in the concrete/mortar
strength ratio. In other words, the difference between the
concrete strength estimated from the mortar strength (estimated
strength) and the measured concrete strength is reduced.
Therefore, by the evaluation with mortar, the concrete strength
can be estimated with high accuracy. Accordingly, the cement
composition of the present invention makes it possible to
appropriately control the quality of concrete by the evaluation
with mortar.
In the present invention, "mortar strength" is the
compressive strength of mortar at 28 days measured according
to JIS R 5201: 2015 "Physical testing methods for cement". In
the present invention, "concrete strength" is the compressive
strength of concrete at 28 days measured according to JIS A 1108
"Method of test for compressive strength of concrete".
[0028]
Hitherto, embodiments of the present invention have been
described. However, the present invention is not limited to the
embodiments. The present invention includes various aspects
included the gist and claims of the present invention, and can
be modified in various ways within the scope of the present
invention.
Example
[0029]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be more
specifically described with reference to examples. However,
the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
1. Evaluation method
1-1. Calcite lattice volume
For the limestones of examples and comparative examples,
X-ray diffraction analysis was performed using a powder X-ray
diffractometer (X'Part Powder, manufactured by Malvern
Panalytical Ltd) under the conditions of analysis range: 20=
100 to 70°, step size: 0.0170, scan speed: 0.1012°/s, voltage:
45 kV, and current: 40 mA, thereby obtaining X-ray diffraction
profiles.
By using crystal structure analysis software
(manufacturedbyMalvern PanalyticalLtd, X'Part High Score Plus
version 2.1b) included in the aforementioned powder X-ray
diffractometer, analysis was performed by the Rietveld method.
From the obtained lattice constant, a lattice volume was
calculated. During the Rietveld refinement, ICDD number 50586
was used as the initial value of data on the basic crystal
structure.
[00301
1-2. Clinker composition
The mass ratio of CaO, SiO 2 , A1 2 0 3 , and Fe203 in the clinker
in the cement composition of each of examples and comparative examples was calculated according to JIS R 5204: 2019 "Chemical analysis method of cement by X-ray fluorescence". By using the calculation results, the proportion of each component in the clinker was calculated by the following Bogue's equation.
C 3 S= (4.07 x CaO) - (7.60 x SiO 2 ) - (6.72 x A1 2 0 3 ) - (1.43
x Fe203)
C2 S = (2.87 x SiO 2 ) - (0.754 x C 3 S)
C 3 A= (2.65 x A1 2 0 3 ) - (1.69 x Fe203)
C 4 AF = 3.04 x Fe203
[00311
1-3. Ratio of mass of gypsum expressed in terms of SO 3 to
mass of cement composition
The ratio of the mass of gypsum expressed in terms of SO 3
to the mass of the cement composition of each of examples and
comparative examples was calculatedfrom the amount ofthe gypsum
mixed in and the proportion of SO 3 in the gypsum. The proportion
of SO 3 in the gypsum was measured according to JIS R 5202: 2010
"Methods for chemical analysis of Portland cement".
[0032]
1-4. Blaine specific surface area
The Blaine specificsurface area of the cement composition
of each of examples and comparative examples was measured
according to JIS R5201: 2015 "Physical testing methods for
cement".
[0033]
1-5. Particle size distribution
The particle size distribution of the cement compositions
of each of examples and comparative examples was analyzed by
a Microtrac method according to JIS R 1629 "Determination of
particle size distributions for fine ceramic raw materials by
laser diffraction 'scattering method". As an analyzer,
MT3300EXII manufactured by MicrotracBEL Corp. wasused. Before
being analyzed, the cement composition was dispersed for 30
seconds in ethanol used as a dispersion medium by using an
ultrasonic device.
[0034]
1-6. Mortar strength
The compressive strength of mortar was measured according
to JIS R 5201: 2015 "Physical testing methods for cement: 10.5".
[0035]
1-7. Concrete strength
The compressive strength of concrete after 28 days was
measured according to JIS A 1108 "Method of test for compressive
strength of concrete".
[0036]
2. Preparation of cement composition
2-1. Clinker
As rawmaterials ofclinker, silicon dioxide (manufactured
by KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., reagent grade 1, SiO 2 ), iron (III)
oxide (manufacturedbyKANTOCHEMICAL CO., INC., specialreagent grade, Fe203), calcium carbonate (manufactured by Kishida
Chemical Co., Ltd., reagent grade 1, CaCO3), aluminum oxide
(manufactured by KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., reagent grade 1,
A1 2 0 3 ), basic magnesium carbonate (manufactured by Kishida
Chemical Co., Ltd., special reagent grade, approximate formula:
4MgCO3 -Mg(OH)2 -5H 2 0), sodiumcarbonate (manufactured by Kishida
Chemical Co., Ltd., anhydrous -special grade, Na2CO3), and
tricalcium phosphate (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co.,
Ltd., reagent grade 1, Ca3(PO4)2) were used.
[0037]
The raw materials of clinker were mixed together in
different amounts appropriately determined, put into an
electric furnace, and calcined at 1,000°C for 30 minutes. Then,
the temperature of the mixture was raised to 1,450°C from1,000°C
for 30 minutes, and the mixture was further calcined at 1,450 0 C
for 15 minutes. Thereafter, the calcined material was taken out
to the atmosphere and quenched, thereby preparing clinker used
in each of examples and comparative examples.
[0038]
2-2. Preparation of cement composition
Cement clinker prepared as above, gypsum (hemihydrate
gypsum (hemihydrate gypsum manufactured by KANTO CHEMICAL CO.,
INC., product number: 07108-01 (calcined gypsum CICA grade 1)),
dihydrate gypsum (manufactured by NORITAKE CO., LIMITED,
product number: Raw Plaster A)), and limestone were mixed together. Then, the mixture was crushed with a ballmill so that the Blaine specific surface area fell into a range of about 3,000 to 3,800 cm 2 /g, thereby preparing a cement composition of each of examples and comparative examples.
The ratio of the mass of the gypsum expressed in terms of
SO 3 to the mass of the cement composition of each of examples
and comparative examples was varied among the cement
compositions by changing the amount of the gypsum mixed in.
As the limestones of examples and comparative examples,
a plurality of types of limestones mined from different areas
and having different lot numbers was prepared.
[00391
2-3. Preparation of mortar test piece
Mortar prepared from the cement composition of each of
examples and comparative examples was poured into 3 metal molds
having a size of 40 mm x 40 mm x 160 mm. After 24 hours, the
mortar was released from the molds, thereby preparing 3 mortar
test pieces. Thereafter, the test pieces were aged in water at
20°C for 28 days, thereby obtaining mortar test pieces of each
of examples and comparative examples.
[0040]
2-4. Preparation of concrete test piece
The cement composition of each of examples and comparative
examples, sand (river sand from Ibigawa, particle size: 25 to
5 mm), gravel (crushed stone from Nishijima, particle size: 5 mm or less), an AE water-reducing agent (manufactured by BASF
Pozoris, trade name: MasterPolyheed 15S), and water were
homogeneously mixed together at the mixing ratio shown in Table
1 by using a pan-type forcible mixer (manufactured by OKASAN
Co., Ltd., product number: STR-N2 8H), thereby preparing
concrete. The obtained concrete was poured into 3 metal molds
having a diameter D of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm. After 24
hours, the concrete was released from the molds, thereby
obtaining 3 concrete test pieces. Thereafter, the test pieces
were aged in water at 2000C for 28 days, thereby obtaining
concrete test pieces of each of examples and comparative
examples.
[0041]
[Table 1]
Cement Water W/C Amount of composition (C) Sand Gravel (W) (% by Admixture air 3 (kg/m(kg/ )3) (kg/m3) mass ) (C x %) (%) 305 781 1,022 168 55 0.8 4.5
[0042]
Table 2 shows the results obtainedusing limestones having
different calcite lattice volumes, under the conditions where
the proportions of clinker components calculated by the Bogue's
equation, the amount of gypsum, the amount of limestone, and
the fineness are the same for all the examples and comparative
examples. In Table 2, "11 to 22 pm" means that the particle size
is 11 pm or more and less than 22 pm, and "22 to 44 pm" means
that the particle size is 22 pm or more and less than 44 pm.
[0043]
[Table 2]
Clinker Gypsum Proportion composition (expressedLimestoneCalcite of Mortar Concrete (Bogue's in terms of (% by latticeFineness particles strengthstrengthoc/om 2 equation) volume (cm /g) (%) Om Oc 3 (A ) 2 2 C 3A + (% bymas 11 to22 to (N/mm ) (N/mm
) CAF bypassss) 22 pm44 pm Example 1 367.64 23.5 34.5 58.0 43.6 0.75 Example 2 367.49 23.1 33.7 58.7 44.0 0.75 Example 3 367.24 23.2 32.8 57.0 42.5 0.75 Comparative 366.72 24.4 31.2 62.0 43.6 0.70 Example 1 61.016.019.0 1.5 3.0 3,350 Compaative 366.68 24.3 31.5 57.4 41.3 0.72
[xample 2 Comparative 366.66 23.9 31.7 64.1 43.2 0.67 x ample 3 ___________
[0044]
As is evident from the results in Table 2, the larger the
calcite lattice volume, the higher the concrete/mortar strength
ratio (ac/am) and the smaller the variation. This result tells
that the calcite lattice volume affects the concrete/mortar
strength ratio.
Furthermore, it has been found that as the calcite lattice
volume increases, the proportion of particles having a size of
22 pm or more and less than 44 pm tends to relatively increase
while the proportion of particles having a size of 11 pm or more
and less than 22 pm tends to relatively decrease. From this
result, it was considered that there may be a correlation between
the calcite lattice volume and the particle size distribution
of the cement composition.
[0045]
Table 3 shows the results of Examples 4 to 19 and
Comparative Examples 4 to 12. FIG. 1 shows the relationship between themortar strengthand the concrete strengthinExamples
1 to 19 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12.
[0046]
[Table 3]
Clinker Gypsum . Proportion composition Gpsm Calcite of Mortar Concrete (Bogue's erslatticeFineness particles strengthstrength /(7m 2 0 equation) in terms of (% by volume (cm /g) (%) Om (oc 3 2 2 C 3 Ae+ S03 ) mass) ) 11 to22 to (N/mm ) (N/mm
) C3S C2 S CAF (% by mass) 22 pm44 pm Example 4 62.715.519.1 1.1 2.0 367.71 3,200 23.5 32.4 61.9 47.1 0.76 Example 5 56.620.318.9 1.0 2.1 367.00 3,300 22.5 34.6 58.7 45.2 0.77 Example 6 59.317.218.7 1.7 3.7 367.88 3,290 22.3 34.2 60.6 46.3 0.76 Example 7 61.117.019.2 1.5 4.1 367.53 3,400 22.6 32.5 59.0 44.3 0.75 Example 8 61.417.818.4 2.1 3.3 367.23 3,240 22.0 33.0 65.5 50.2 0.77 Example 9 60.019.118.0 1.7 2.3 367.05 3,430 22.9 33.3 60.4 45.1 0.75 Example 10 58.619.218.3 1.6 2.8 367.62 3,210 22.7 32.7 59.6 44.6 0.75 Example 11 60.517.617.3 1.5 2.7 367.23 3,420 21.9 32.9 59.5 44.2 0.74 Example 12 64.512.518.6 2.3 2.0 366.93 3,360 22.7 32.6 63.1 47.4 0.75 Example 13 52.025.519.2 1.1 2.0 366.90 3,390 22.4 32.5 58.0 42.8 0.74 Example 14 62.017.018.2 1.2 3.1 367.65 3,230 22.9 32.6 60.4 46.9 0.78 Example 15 60.316.419.1 2.5 4.4 367.24 3,270 22.7 32.6 64.2 49.2 0.77 Example 16 61.617.616.5 1.6 4.2 367.63 3,410 22.9 32.0 61.3 47.4 0.77 Example 17 54.123.219.3 1.0 4.4 367.23 3,380 23.3 32.5 60.0 45.3 0.76 Example 18 63.214.517.9 1.3 2.0 366.90 3,290 22.1 33.1 63.0 46.9 0.74 Example 19 56.223.018.0 1.5 1.5 366.82 3,350 23.9 31.6 58.8 43.5 0.74 Comparative 6 4 .7 1 4 .8 1 7 .7 2.5 2.4 366.74 3,340 24.8 30.7 64.3 45.6 0.71 Example 4 Comparative 59.217.818.3 1.1 2.0 366.67 3,250 25.7 31.2 65.9 45.1 0.68 Example 5 Comparative 6 0 .3 1 7 .5 1 7 .8 1.7 2.5 366.54 3,320 25.8 31.3 60.3 36.4 0.60 Example 6 Comparative 5 8 .7 1 8 .7 1 7 . 5 1.9 2.5 366.56 3,330 24.3 31.5 60.5 38.0 0.63 Example 7 Comparative 6 3 .9 1 2 .5 1 8 .7 1.3 2.4 366.50 3,360 24.6 31.7 62.3 38.2 0.61 Example 8 Comparative 6 2 .7 1 5 .2 1 8 .0 2.2 3.2 366.75 3,240 24.0 30.9 58.2 36.3 0.62 Example 9 Comparative 6 1 .5 1 9 .9 1 6 .5 1.1 2.0 366.63 3,430 24.1 31.5 61.0 44.1 0.72 Example 10 Comparative 5 3 .5 2 4 .5 1 9 .2 1.4 2.2 366.68 3,210 26.4 34.8 60.0 41.2 0.69 Example 11 Comparative 6 3 .7 1 2 .6 1 9 .0 1.4 4.4 366.68 3,500 20.5 29.6 61.2 37.6 0.61 Example 12
[0047]
As is evident from the results shown in Tables 2 and 3,
the concrete/mortar strength ratio was 0.74 or higher in all
examples, which was higher than the concrete/mortar strength
ratioin comparative examples. As shownin FIG.1, the variation
in the concrete/mortar strength ratio was smaller in examples
than in comparative examples. These results tell that even in
a case where the clinker composition, the amount of gypsum, the
amount of limestone, and the fineness are changed, there is a
correlation between the calcite lattice volume and ac/am. That
is, in a case where limestone having a calcite lattice volume
of 366.76 A3 or more and 368.00 A3 or less is used, high concrete
strength can be obtained even at the same mortar strength. In
addition, the accuracy of the concrete strength estimated from
the evaluation with mortar can be improved.
[0048]
In all of Examples 1 to 18, the proportion of particles
having a size of 11 pm or more and less than 22 pm was 18.0%
to 26.0%, and the proportion of particles having a size of 22
pm or more and less than 44 pm was 31.8% to 38.0%. From this
result, it was considered that the appropriate distribution of
particles in the cement composition may be one of the factors
improving the concrete/mortar strength ratio in Examples 1 to
18.
Claims (5)
1. A cement composition comprising:
clinker;
gypsum; and
limestone,
wherein acalcite lattice volume ofthe limestone is 366.76
A3 or more and 368.00 A3 or less.
2. The cement composition according to claim 1,
wherein in the clinker, a proportion of 3CaO-SiO2 is 50%
to 75% by mass, a proportion of 2CaO-SiO2 is 8% to 30% by mass,
and a proportion of 3CaO•Al2O3 and 4CaO•Al2O3•Fe2O3 is 15% to 25%
by mass in total, and
each of the proportions is calculated by the Bogue's
equation.
3. The cement composition according to claim 1 or 2,
wherein a proportion of particles having a particle size
distribution of 11 pm or more and less than 22 pm is 18.0% or
higher and 26.0% or lower,
a proportion of particles having a particle size
distribution of 22 pm or more and less than 44 pm is 31.8% or
higher and 38.0% or lower, and
each of the particle size distributions is analyzed by a
Microtrac method.
4. The cement composition according to any one of claims
1 to 3, which has a Blaine specific surface area of 3,200 cm 2 /g
or more and 3,800 cm 2 /g or less.
5. A method for manufacturing a cement composition,
comprising:
a step of crushing and mixing together clinker, gypsum,
and limestone which has a calcite lattice volume of 366.76 A3
or more and 368.00 A3 or less.
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| SU1530594A1 (en) * | 1987-11-27 | 1989-12-23 | Государственный Всесоюзный Проектный И Научно-Исследовательский Институт Цементной Промышленности | Method of producing cement clinker |
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| JP2011190140A (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-29 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Cement clinker fired material and method for producing the same |
| KR101114731B1 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2012-04-17 | 한국세라믹기술원 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING Ca3Co4O9-BASED THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS USING SOLUTION COMBUSTION PROCESS |
| JP4811534B1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-11-09 | 宇部興産株式会社 | CEMENT COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CEMENT COMPOSITION |
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| JP6120613B2 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2017-04-26 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Cement-containing powder composition and hydraulic composition |
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