AU2020104321A4 - Immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- AU2020104321A4 AU2020104321A4 AU2020104321A AU2020104321A AU2020104321A4 AU 2020104321 A4 AU2020104321 A4 AU 2020104321A4 AU 2020104321 A AU2020104321 A AU 2020104321A AU 2020104321 A AU2020104321 A AU 2020104321A AU 2020104321 A4 AU2020104321 A4 AU 2020104321A4
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Classifications
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the technical field of fish feed, and discloses
an immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella
and a preparation method thereof. The immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed is
composed of corn meal, fish meal, soybean cake meal, wheat bran, sweet potato
meal, salt, auxin, calcium hydrophosphate, bentonite, lysine hydrochloride, an
antioxidant, soybean oil, high-gluten wheat flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline
chloride, a mildew preventive, natural xanthophyll, premix, Copperleaf herb,
wormwood, plantain herb, verbena, Chinese gall, Fructus meliae azedarach and a
feed additive. Due to porosity, a volume of the feed in the present invention is
increased, so that the feed can float on water. Due to high processing temperature,
the feed can be well disinfected and sterilized. The feed is partially gelatinized,
maintains nutrition to the utmost extent, and is easily digested and absorbed by
fishes, so that a feed conversion ratio can be greatly increased. Moreover, water
content in the dried feed can be decreased by 6-8 times, and preservation time of
the feed can be effectively prolonged.
Drawings of Description
Preparation of basal feed: step 1: step 1: weighing corn meal, fish meal, soybean cake meal, wheat bran, sweet potato 01
meal and salt; mixing and grinding the materials; adding the materials into a mixer after grinding; and mixing the
materials to obtain coarsely ground raw materials; step 2: re-grinding the coarsely ground raw materials obtained in
the step 1; and adding auxin, calcium hydrophosphate, bentonite, lysine hydrochloride and an antioxidant for
performing secondary mixing to obtain secondary mixed raw materials; step 3: uniformly spraying soybean oil onto
the surfaces of the secondary mixed raw materials by an oil spray machine to obtain the basal feed for later use
S102
Preparation of premix feed: weighing high-gluten flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, a
mildew preventive, an antioxidant, natural xanthophylls and premix; and grinding and mixing the various
components to obtain primary mixed feed; and re-grinding and tempering the primary mixed feed to
obtain the premix feed for later use; grinding and screening the various components such as the
high-gluten wheat flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, the mildew preventive, the
antioxidant, natural xanthophylls and premix by a sieve of 1.5 mm and then mixing; and then re-grinding
the primary mixed feed and screening by a 60-80-mesh sieve, and tempering
Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine premix feed: weighing Copperleafherb, wormwood, plantain
herb, verbena, Chinese gall and Fructus meliae azedarach; and washing, drying and grinding the
components into powder to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine premix feed
Mixing the prepared traditional Chinese medicine premix feed with the basal feed, the premix feed and the feed additive; putting
the mixed feed into twin-screw feed expander; extruding the mixed raw materials by a feed mould under twin-screw extrusion;
regulating a rotation speed of a rotary cutting motor until feed pellets of the same size and length were obtained; putting the feed
pellets into a multilayer oven and drying; uniformly spraying the soybean oil onto the surfaces of the feed pellets by an oil spray
machine; removing hair and burrs on the surfaces of the pellets; and smoothing the surfaces of the feed pellets to obtain the
immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp. A temperature of the oven is 70°C
FIG. 1
1
Description
Drawings of Description
Preparation of basal feed: step 1: step 1: weighing corn meal, fish meal, soybean cake meal, wheat bran, sweet potato 01 meal and salt; mixing and grinding the materials; adding the materials into a mixer after grinding; and mixing the materials to obtain coarsely ground raw materials; step 2: re-grinding the coarsely ground raw materials obtained in the step 1; and adding auxin, calcium hydrophosphate, bentonite, lysine hydrochloride and an antioxidant for performing secondary mixing to obtain secondary mixed raw materials; step 3: uniformly spraying soybean oil onto the surfaces of the secondary mixed raw materials by an oil spray machine to obtain the basal feed for later use
S102 Preparation of premix feed: weighing high-gluten flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, a mildew preventive, an antioxidant, natural xanthophylls and premix; and grinding and mixing the various components to obtain primary mixed feed; and re-grinding and tempering the primary mixed feed to obtain the premix feed for later use; grinding and screening the various components such as the high-gluten wheat flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, the mildew preventive, the antioxidant, natural xanthophylls and premix by a sieve of 1.5 mm and then mixing; and then re-grinding the primary mixed feed and screening by a 60-80-mesh sieve, and tempering
Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine premix feed: weighing Copperleafherb,wormwood, plantain herb, verbena, Chinese gall and Fructus meliae azedarach;and washing, drying and grinding the components into powder to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine premix feed
Mixing the prepared traditional Chinese medicine premix feed with the basal feed, the premix feed and the feed additive; putting the mixed feed into twin-screw feed expander; extruding the mixed raw materials by a feed mould under twin-screw extrusion; regulating a rotation speed of a rotary cutting motor until feed pellets of the same size and length were obtained; putting the feed pellets into a multilayer oven and drying; uniformly spraying the soybean oil onto the surfaces of the feed pellets by an oil spray machine; removing hair and burrs on the surfaces of the pellets; and smoothing the surfaces of the feed pellets to obtain the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp. A temperature of the oven is 70°C
FIG. 1
Description
Technical Field
The present invention belongs to the technical field of fish farming, and particularly relates to an immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, grass carp is one of the most popular freshwater fishes, is a typical category of herbivorous fishes, inhabits in rivers and lakes of plain regions, and generally lives in middle and lower layers of water and offshore aquatic areas. Due to rapid growth and high nutritive value, the grass carp is one of the four major Chinese carps in freshwater aquaculture in China. There is no special compound feed according to nutritional requirements of large-sized grass carp at present. The large-sized grass carp is commonly farmed with commercial feed for adult fish or directly fed with rape seed cakes, maize, green grass and other raw materials which are unbalanced in nutrition during production. The traditional grass carp is mainly farmed with green forage, and the green forage is single in nutritional ingredient and cannot provide total nutritional ingredients needed by growth of the grass carp. Thus, the grass carp is slow in growth and low in survival rate. Therefore, farming time of the grass carp is long; farming cost is high; and the prevailing diseases of the grass carp cannot be prevented and treated effectively. The grass carp easily suffers from various diseases during farming, and the diseases may rapidly spread in grass carp groups, thereby causing widespread illness and death of the grass carp groups. Existing methods for preventing morbidity and mortality of the grass carp groups generally include addition of antibiotics and Chinese herbal medicines. The
Description
antibiotics may easily cause tolerance and safety problems. Since antibiotics and chemicals are frequently used by farmers in the past, and residues of the antibiotics and chemicals remain in animal bodies, the product quality is affected and deteriorated and the human health is subsequently damaged to some extent. A Chinese herbal medicine additive is a relatively safe and prevention-oriented medicine. Many Chinese herbal medicine additives used for grass carp have been developed in recent years. Existing Chinese herbal medicine additives mainly focus on prevention of diseases of the grass carp, while there are few researches on the increase of production. To sum up, the problems in the prior art are as follows: the traditionally farmed grass carp is single in nutritional ingredient; and the total nutritional ingredients needed by growth of the grass carp cannot be provided; and thus the grass carp is slow in growth speed, low in survival rate, long in farming time and high in farming cost.
Summary
With respect to the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp and a preparation method thereof. The present invention is realized as follows: the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 30-60 parts of corn meal, 2-7 parts of fish meal, 1-5 parts of soybean cake meal, 1-5 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of sweet potato meal, 0.5-1 part of salt, 1-2 parts of auxin, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-4 parts of bentonite, 0.1-0.5 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.5-1 part of an antioxidant, 5-10 parts of soybean oil, -15 parts of high-gluten wheat flour, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of a mildew preventive, 0.02-0.04 part of natural xanthophyll, 0.1-0.5 part of premix, 0.001-0.002 part of Copperleafherb,
Description
0.001-0.005 part of wormwood, 0.001-0.005 part of plantain herb, 0.001-0.005 part of verbena, 0.001-0.005 part of Chinese gall, 0.001-0.005 part of Fructus meliae azedarach and 1-1.5 parts of a feed additive; and the feed additive is composed of two or more than two of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.5 part of 12 kinds of genetically engineered bacteria, 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element. Further, the feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.5 part of 12 kinds of genetically engineered bacteria, 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element. Further, the feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element. Further, the feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb and 0.005 part of calcium gluconate. Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp. The preparation method includes preparation of basal feed. Preparation of the basal feed includes: step 1: weighing corn meal, fish meal, soybean cake meal, wheat bran, sweet potato meal and salt; mixing and grinding the materials; adding the materials into a mixer after grinding; and mixing the materials to obtain coarsely ground raw materials; step 2: re-grinding the coarsely ground raw materials obtained in the step 1; and adding auxin, calcium hydrophosphate, bentonite, lysine hydrochloride and an
Description
antioxidant for performing secondary mixing to obtain secondary mixed raw materials; step 3: uniformly spraying soybean oil onto the surfaces of the secondary mixed raw materials by an oil spray machine to obtain the basal feed for later use. Further, the preparation method of the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp further includes preparation of premix feed; and the preparation of the premix feed includes: weighing high-gluten wheat flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, a mildew preventive, an antioxidant, natural xanthophylls and premix; and grinding and mixing the various components to obtain primary mixed feed; re-grinding the primary mixed feed; and tempering to obtain the premix feed for later use. Further, the various components such as the high-gluten wheat flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, the mildew preventive, the antioxidant, natural xanthophylls and premix are ground, screened by a sieve of 1.5 mm and then mixed; and then the primary mixed feed is re-ground, screened by a -80-mesh sieve and then tempered. Further, the preparation method of the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp further includes preparation of traditional Chinese medicine premix feed; and the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine premix feed includes: weighing Copperleafherb, wormwood, plantain herb, verbena, Chinese gall and Fructus meliae azedarach; washing and drying the components and grinding into powder to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine premix feed; mixing the prepared traditional Chinese medicine premix feed with the basal feed, the premix feed and the feed additive and adding the mixed feed into twin-screw feed expander; extruding the mixed raw materials by a feed mould under twin-screw extrusion; and regulating a rotation speed of a rotary cutting motor until feed pellets of the same size and length are obtained; putting the feed pellets into a multilayer oven and drying;
Description
uniformly spraying the soybean oil onto the surfaces of the feed pellets by an oil spray machine; removing hair and burrs on the surfaces of the pellets; and enabling the surfaces of the feed pellets to be smooth, to obtain the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp. Further, a temperature of the oven is 70°C. The present invention has advantages and positive effects as follows: due to high processing temperature, the floating feed for the grass carp can be well disinfected and sterilized. The feed is partially gelatinized, maintains nutrition to the utmost extent, and is easily digested and absorbed by fishes, so that a feed conversion ratio can be greatly increased. Moreover, water content in the dried feed can be decreased by 6-8 times, and preservation time of the feed can be effectively prolonged. The feed can provide most of the nutritional ingredients needed by growth of the grass carp, so that the growth rate of the grass carp can be increased; the survival rate is increased; the farming time is shortened; and the farming cost is decreased. The feed additive includes the antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 12 kinds of genetically engineered bacteria, MaxCitro, Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), virgate wormwood herb, calcium gluconate and the trace element that are all commercially available. Disease resistance and growth promotion: the MaxCitro, proteins, vitamins and immunoactive substances can activate immune systems of the fishes and improve intestinal digestive systems. Thus, the feed utilization ratio is improved; immunity and disease resistance are enhanced; and a growth rate and a survival rate of the fishes are increased. The farming period is shortened by 10-15 days; and quality of the fishes is improved. Water quality regulation: the water is purified for 2-3 days; water quality is effectively improved; transparency of aquatic water is increased; harmful gases such as ammonia, nitrogen and nitrite are prevented from produced; and a pH value is regulated.
Description
Dissolved oxygen in the water body is increased; eutrophication of the aquatic water is avoided; and suspended matters are precipitated. Therefore, the water becomes 'fertile, active, tender and smooth'. Cleaning of the bottom of the pond: hazardous substances such as ammonia nitrogen in the aquatic water are decreased within 3-5 days; residual feed and excrements in culture ponds of fishes and organic matters in the water are rapidly decomposed and utilized; and effects of activating the water, increasing natural feed, maintaining a micro-ecological balance and killing bacteria are achieved. The farming cost is decreased; beneficial microbial floras in intestinal tracts of the fishes can be balanced; and empty stomach phenomena are significantly decreased. Thus, enteritis and other digestive tract diseases are effectively prevented; and drug dosages are decreased. Fertilizing water quality: algal facies is controlled; growth of blue-green algae is inhibited; and due to directed culture of diatom, a water-fertilizing effect is achieved. Stress is effectively prevented; head floating and sudden death of fishes and shrimps in muggy scorching weather are decreased; the increase of dissolved oxygen consumption in the water will not be occurred; and the effect of the feed is not affected even in muggy, stormy and continuous rainy weather. Copperleafherb has another name of Copperleaf herb, Acalypha australis and Moghaniafruticulosa, has a Latin name of AcalyphaaustralisL.,and belongs to Acalypha L. of Euphorbiaceae. The Copperleaf herb is an annual herb of 0.2-0.5 m high, has tall and tender branchlets and is full of soft hair, and the hair is gradually sparse. The leaf is membranous, is long-oval, roughly rhombus-oval or broad-lanceolate, has a length of 3-9 cm and a width of 1-5 cm, is short and tapered in tip and wedge-shaped in base, and is slightly obtuse. The edge of the Copperleafherbis circular saw shaped without hair, while the lower side is full of soft hair along midrib so as to serve as a Chinese herbal medicine. An overground part of the Copperleafherb is taken. The Copperleafherb is cut in summer and autumn and aired into a prepared medicine when impurities are removed. The
Description
Copperleafherb grows in hillsides, ditch sides, wayside or fields, and is almost distributed in all over China, particularly in Yangtze River basin. The Copperleaf herb has major effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, removing dampness and stopping bleeding by astringency, and is used for treating enteritis, dysentery, hematemesis, nosebleed, hemafecia, hematuria, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, as well as external treatment of carbuncle furuncle ulcer, dermatitis and eczema. Wormwood (having a scientific name of ArtemisiaargyiH.Lev.&Vaniot) has an another name of Xiaomao, Bingtai, Artemisia princeps, Folium artemisiae, Chinese mugwort, common rue herb, Artemisia argyi, felon herb, Rubus hirsutus, moxa, moxibustion herb, medical herb, yellow grass and Eanshuin, is a perennial herb or is roughly suffruticose, and the plant has intense aroma. The wormwood has a single stem or a few stems that are brown or grey yellow brown; the base is slightly lignified; the upper part is of yam texture and is full of a few short branches; the leaf is thick and paper-like and is full of grey white short hair; and the base generally has no pseudostipule or has extremely small pseudostipule. The upper leaf and bracts are pinnatifid; capitulum is oval; the corolla is tubulous or goblet-shaped and is full of glandular dots outside; the anther is narrow-line-shaped; and the style is almost isometric to the corolla or is slightly longer than the corolla. The achene is long-oval or long circular. A flowering and fruiting period of the wormwood is in September to October. Whole grass of the wormwood serves as the medicine; and the wormwood has effects of warming meridians, removing dampness, dispelling cold, stopping bleeding, diminishing inflammation, relieving asthma, relieving cough, preventing miscarriage and resisting allergy. The plantain herb is an annual or biennial herb. The taproot is long, has many lateral roots and is less fleshy. The rhizome of the plantain herb is short. The basal leaf is rosette-like and is flat, oblique or upright; the leaf is paper-like and is oval, oval lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, and the petiole base is expanded into a sheath. The peduncle has longitudinal stripes and is sparsely spread with white short hair;
Description
and the spica is in the shape of a thin cylinder. The calyx is hairless; and the corolla is white and hairless. The stamen grows at the near-top of the inner surface of the corolla tube and obviously extends out with the style; the anther is ovate-elliptic or wide elliptic, is white or green-white when fresh, and becomes hazel after dried. The plantain herb has 5 ovules; the capsule is ovate-elliptic and conical ovate; the plantain herb has 4-5 seeds; the seeds are elliptic, are flat in ventral face and are yellowish-brown to black. The cotyledon is arranged back to the ventral face. A flowering period of the plantain herb is in May to July, while a fruiting period is in July to September. The plantain herb is an entire plant of Plantagiaceaeplants such as Asiatic plantain and Plantago depressa, is sweet in taste and cold in nature, and has effects of inducing diuresis, clearing heat, improving eyesight and eliminating phlegm. The verbena (having a Latin name of VerbenaofficinalisL.) is a perennial erect herb, may be 120 cm high, has a lignified base, has simple and opposite leaves, and is oval and long-oval. Two sides of the verbena are spread with hard hair, while hair on the lower surface veins is particularly dense. The terminal or axillary spica has purple blue flowers and is stemless; the calyx is membranous and cylindrical; the corolla is slightly biculiform; and filaments are extremely short. The ovary is hairless; and the fruit is wrapped in the calyx and is nutlet. A flowering and fruiting period is in June to October. The entire plant is medicinal. The verbena is cold in nature and slightly flourishing in taste, and has effects of cooling blood, dissipating blood stasis, restoring menstrual flow, clearing heat, detoxifying, relieving itching, expelling parasites and relieving swelling. The Chinese gall, a traditional Chinese medicine name, is insect gall on leaves of Anacardiaceae plants such as RhuschinensisMill. or RhuspotaniniiMaxim. or Rhuspun jabensis Stew.var.sinica (Diels) Rehd.etWils., and is mainly formed by parasitism of Melaphischinensis (Bell) Baker. The Chinese gall is distributed in places such as Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi and Guangxi, has effects of constraining the lung and decreasing internal heat, relieving diarrhea with astringents, arresting sweating, stopping bleeding, astringing dampness and healing
Description
sore, and is often used for treating lung-deficiency chronic cough, prologed diarrhea and dysentery, spontaneous perspiration, night sweat, consumptive thirst, hemafecia, hemorrhoidal bleeding, bleeding wound, swollen welling-abscess, sore-toxin and skin erosion. Fructus meliae azedarach is a dried mature fruit of a meliaceae plant MeliaazedarachL. An original plant is a deciduous tree and is wild or can be cultivated. The Fructus meliae azedarach is rapid in growth and high in moisture resistance and alkali resistance. The Fructus meliae azedarach and Melia toosendan are plants of different species in the same family and genera. The two fruits have slightly different properties, components and medicinal effects, shall be respectively used as a medicine, and shall not be mixed. The Fructus meliae azedarach has effects of regulating vital energy, relieving pain, clearing damp-heat and expelling parasites. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has advantages as follows: The traditional Chinese medicine additives in the feed for grass carp in the present invention have characteristics of scientific compatibility, small dosage, no toxic or side effect and excellent effect. The traditional Chinese medicine additives in the present invention contain lots of flavones, alkaloids, organic acids, immunopolysaccharides and the like, and can achieve effects of increasing immunologic functions of the grass carp, increasing content of interferon, lysozyme and superoxide dismutase in serum, enhancing constitution of the fishes, increasing disease resistance of the fishes, promoting appetite and increasing the growth rate. The feed for grass carp in the present invention is prepared after demands for lysine, methionine, vitamins and minerals are analyzed; and thus the nutritional needs of the grass carp can be well met, and the grass carp may rapidly grow. The digestive utilization ratio is increased; water quality pollution is slight; and the farming efficiency is increased.
Description of Drawings
Description
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of an immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp provided in embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further understand the summary, characteristics and effects of the present invention, embodiments are illustrated below and described in detail in combination with drawing. The structure of the present invention will be described in detail below in combination with the drawing. An immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp provided in embodiments of the present invention is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 30-60 parts of corn meal, 2-7 parts of fish meal, 1-5 parts of soybean cake meal, 1-5 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of sweet potato meal, 0.5-1 part of salt, 1-2 parts of auxin, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-4 parts of bentonite, 0.1-0.5 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.5-1 part of an antioxidant, 5-10 parts of soybean oil, 10-15 parts of high-gluten wheat flour, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of a mildew preventive, 0.02-0.04 part of natural xanthophyll, 0.1-0.5 part of premix, 0.001-0.002 part of Copperleafherb, 0.001-0.005 part of wormwood, 0.001-0.005 part of plantain herb, 0.001-0.005 part of verbena, 0.001-0.005 part of Chinese gall, 0.001-0.005 part of Fructus meliae azedarach and 1-1.5 parts of a feed additive; and the feed additive is composed of two or more than two of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.5 part of 12 kinds of genetically engineered bacteria, 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element.
Description
The feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.5 part of 12 kinds of genetically engineered bacteria, 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element. The feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element. The feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb and 0.005 part of calcium gluconate. As mentioned in Fig. 1, a preparation method of the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes: S101: preparation of basal feed: step 1: corn meal, fish meal, soybean cake meal, wheat bran, sweet potato meal and salt were weighed; the materials were mixed and ground; the materials were added into a mixer after grinding; and the materials were mixed to obtain coarsely ground raw materials; step 2: the coarsely ground raw materials obtained in the step 1 were re-ground; and auxin, calcium hydrophosphate, bentonite, lysine hydrochloride and an antioxidant were added for performing secondary mixing to obtain secondary mixed raw materials; and step 3: soybean oil was uniformly sprayed onto the surfaces of the secondary mixed raw materials by an oil spray machine to obtain the basal feed for later use; S102: preparation of premix feed: high-gluten wheat flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, a mildew preventive, an antioxidant, natural xanthophylls and premix were weighed; and the various components were ground and mixed to obtain primary mixed feed; and the primary mixed feed was re-ground and tempered to obtain the premix feed for later use; the various components such as the high-gluten wheat flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline
Description
chloride, the mildew preventive, the antioxidant, natural xanthophylls and premix were ground, screened by a sieve of 1.5 mm and then mixed; and then the primary mixed feed was re-ground, screened by a 60-80-mesh sieve and then tempered; S103: preparation of traditional Chinese medicine premix feed: Copperleaf herb, wormwood, plantain herb, verbena, Chinese gall and Fructus meliae azedarach were weighed; and the components were washed, dried and ground into powder to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine premix feed; S104: the prepared traditional Chinese medicine premix feed was mixed with the basal feed, the premix feed and the feed additive; the mixed feed was added into twin-screw feed expander; the mixed raw materials were extruded by a feed mould under twin-screw extrusion; a rotation speed of a rotary cutting motor was regulated until feed pellets of the same size and length were obtained; the feed pellets were put into a multilayer oven and dried; the soybean oil was uniformly sprayed onto the surfaces of the feed pellets by an oil spray machine; hair and burrs on the surfaces of the pellets were removed; and the surfaces of the feed pellets were smoothed to obtain the immune-enhanced expanded pellet feed for grass carp. A temperature of the oven was 70°C. Due to porosity, a volume of the feed is increased, so that the feed can float on water. Due to high processing temperature, the feed can be well disinfected and sterilized. The feed is partially gelatinized, maintains nutrition to the utmost extent, and is easily digested and absorbed by fishes, so that a feed conversion ratio can be greatly increased. Moreover, water content in the dried feed can be decreased by 6-8 times, and preservation time of the feed can be effectively prolonged. The present invention is further described below in combination with specific embodiments. Embodiment 1 The immune-enhanced expanded pellet feed for grass carp provided in embodiments of the present invention is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 30-60 parts of corn meal, 2-7 parts of fish meal, 1-5 parts of soybean cake meal, 1-5 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of sweet potato meal, 0.5-1
Description
part of salt, 1-2 parts of auxin, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-4 parts of bentonite, 0.1-0.5 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.5-1 part of an antioxidant, 5-10 parts of soybean oil, 10-15 parts of high-gluten wheat flour, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of a mildew preventive, 0.02-0.04 part of natural xanthophyll, 0.1-0.5 part of premix, 0.001-0.002 part of Copperleafherb, 0.001-0.005 part of wormwood, 0.001-0.005 part of plantain herb, 0.001-0.005 part of verbena, 0.001-0.005 part of Chinese gall, 0.001-0.005 part of Fructus meliae azedarach and 1-1.5 parts of a feed additive; and the feed additive is composed of two or more than two of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.5 part of 12 kinds of genetically engineered bacteria, 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element. The feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.5 part of 12 kinds of genetically engineered bacteria, 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element. Embodiment 2 The immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp provided in embodiments of the present invention is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 30-60 parts of corn meal, 2-7 parts of fish meal, 1-5 parts of soybean cake meal, 1-5 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of sweet potato meal, 0.5-1 part of salt, 1-2 parts of auxin, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-4 parts of bentonite, 0.1-0.5 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.5-1 part of an antioxidant, 5-10 parts of soybean oil, 10-15 parts of high-gluten wheat flour, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of a mildew preventive, 0.01-0.05 part of an antioxidant, 0.02-0.04 part of natural xanthophyll, 0.1-0.5 part of premix, 0.001-0.002 part of Copperleafherb, 0.001-0.005 part of
Description
wormwood, 0.001-0.005 part of plantain herb, 0.001-0.005 part of verbena, 0.001-0.005 part of Chinese gall, 0.001-0.005 part of Fructus meliae azedarach and 1-1.5 parts of a feed additive; and the feed additive is composed of two or more than two of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.5 part of 12 kinds of genetically engineered bacteria, 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element. The feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element. Embodiment 3 The immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp provided in embodiments of the present invention is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 30-60 parts of corn meal, 2-7 parts of fish meal, 1-5 parts of soybean cake meal, 1-5 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of sweet potato meal, 0.5-1 part of salt, 1-2 parts of auxin, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-4 parts of bentonite, 0.1-0.5 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.5-1 part of an antioxidant, 5-10 parts of soybean oil, 10-15 parts of high-gluten wheat flour, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of a mildew preventive, 0.02-0.04 part of natural xanthophyll, 0.1-0.5 part of premix, 0.001-0.002 part of Copperleafherb, 0.001-0.005 part of wormwood, 0.001-0.005 part of plantain herb, 0.001-0.005 part of verbena, 0.001-0.005 part of Chinese gall, 0.001-0.005 part of Fructus meliae azedarach and 1-1.5 parts of a feed additive; and the feed additive is composed of two or more than two of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.5 part of 12 kinds of genetically engineered bacteria, 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element.
Description
The feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb and 0.005 part of calcium gluconate. Embodiment 4 The immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp provided in embodiments of the present invention is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 30-60 parts of corn meal, 2-7 parts of fish meal, 1-5 parts of soybean cake meal, 1-5 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of sweet potato meal, 0.5-1 part of salt, 1-2 parts of auxin, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-4 parts of bentonite, 0.1-0.5 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.5-1 part of an antioxidant, 5-10 parts of soybean oil, 10-15 parts of high-gluten wheat flour, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of a mildew preventive, 0.02-0.04 part of natural xanthophyll, 0.1-0.5 part of premix, 0.001-0.002 part of Copperleafherb, 0.001-0.005 part of wormwood, 0.001-0.005 part of plantain herb, 0.001-0.005 part of verbena, 0.001-0.005 part of Chinese gall, 0.001-0.005 part of Fructus meliae azedarach and 1-1.5 parts of a feed additive; and the feed additive is composed of two or more than two of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element. The feed for grass carp prepared in embodiments 1-4 of the present invention served as experimental cases 1, 2, 3 and 4 to conduct feeding experiments: Feeding method: juvenile grass carps were tested within 7 d after indoor domestication; stocking density was 1fish per 12 L; a pond had an area of 1000 m 2 and a water depth of 100 cm; the pond was spread with fine sand of 15 cm at the bottom and equally separated into small pools of 20 m 2 with bamboo fences (water can pass through the fences, but the fishes cannot pass); the temperature of water in the pond was averagely 18°C in the whole period; a pH value was 6.5 0.2; and water quality conformed to fishery standards. A daily feeding ratio of the feed was % of the weight of the experimental fish; the feed was regularly quantitatively fed
Description
in a fixed place at a frequency of twice per day; and the rest operations were in line with normal feeding methods of the grass carps. Table 1: Feeding experiments of different feeds Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3 Embodiment 4 Reference 1 Reference 2
Incidence rate 1% 0 1% 0 3% 15%
Mortality rate 0 0 0 0 1% 11%
Average body 130 g 128 g 131 g 132 g 98 g 90
weight one year
later
Average body 3500 g 3480 g 3520 g 3540 g 2980 g 2890 g
weight two years
later
It can be seen from Table 1 that, with the adoption of the feed for grass carp in the present invention, the incidence rate was extremely low, and the mortality rate was 0; with the adoption of flavomycin and the feed, the incidence rate was 3%, and the mortality rate was 1%; and in an experimental group without antibiotics, both the incidence rate and the mortality rate were higher and exceeded %. For the body weight, the lowest weight of the grass carp fed with the feed for grass carp in the present invention may be up to 128 g, and was respectively increased by about 30% and 42% compared with those in Reference 1 and Reference 2. Thus, it can be seen that, the feed for grass carp in the present invention can increase the disease resistance of the grass carp and increase the weight gain, and has extremely high economic value. The above only describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention in any form. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments in accordance with technical essence of the present invention shall belong to the scope of technical solutions in the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp, which is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 30-60 parts of corn meal, 2-7 parts of fish meal, 1-5 parts of soybean cake meal, 1-5 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of sweet potato meal, 0.5-1 part of salt, 1-2 parts of auxin, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-4 parts of bentonite, 0.1-0.5 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.5-1 part of an antioxidant, 5-10 parts of soybean oil, 10-15 parts of high-gluten wheat flour, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of a mildew preventive, 0.02-0.04 part of natural xanthophyll, 0.1-0.5 part of premix, 0.001-0.002 part of Copperleaf herb, 0.001-0.005 part of wormwood, 0.001-0.005 part of plantain herb, 0.001-0.005 part of verbena, 0.001-0.005 part of Chinese gall, 0.001-0.005 part of Fructus meliae azedarach and 1-1.5 parts of a feed additive, wherein the feed additive is composed of two or more than two of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.5 part of 12 kinds of genetically engineered bacteria, 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element.
2. The immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp according to claim 1, wherein the feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.5 part of 12 kinds of genetically engineered bacteria, 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element.
3. The immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp according to claim 1, wherein the feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of antibacterial small bioactive peptides, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb, 0.005 part of calcium gluconate and 0.001 part of trace element.
Claims
4. The immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp according to claim 1, wherein the feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 0.05 part of MaxCitro, 0.05 part of Fructo-oligosaccharide FOS, 0.005 part of virgate wormwood herb and 0.005 part of calcium gluconate.
5. A preparation method of the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp of claim 1, comprising preparation of a basal feed, wherein preparation of the basal feed comprises: step 1: weighing corn meal, fish meal, soybean cake meal, wheat bran, sweet potato meal and salt; mixing and grinding the materials; adding the materials into a mixer after grinding; and mixing the materials to obtain coarsely ground raw materials; step 2: re-grinding the coarsely ground raw materials obtained in the step 1; and adding auxin, calcium hydrophosphate, bentonite, lysine hydrochloride and an antioxidant for performing secondary mixing to obtain secondary mixed raw materials; step 3: uniformly spraying soybean oil onto the surfaces of the secondary mixed raw materials by an oil spray machine to obtain the basal feed for later use.
6. The preparation method of the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp further comprises preparation of a premix feed; and the preparation of the premix feed comprises: weighing high-gluten wheat flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, a mildew preventive, an antioxidant, natural xanthophylls and premix; and grinding and mixing the various components to obtain a primary mixed feed; re-grinding the primary mixed feed; and tempering to obtain the premix feed for later use.
7. The preparation method of the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp according to claim 6, wherein the various components such as the high-gluten wheat flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, the mildew
Claims
preventive, the antioxidant, natural xanthophylls and premix are ground, screened by a sieve of 1.5 mm and then mixed; and then the primary mixed feed is re-ground, screened by a 60-80-mesh sieve and then tempered.
8. The preparation method of the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp according to any one of claims 5-7, wherein the preparation method of the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp further comprises preparation of traditional Chinese medicine premix feed; and the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine premix feed comprises: weighing Copperleafherb, wormwood, plantain herb, verbena, Chinese gall and Fructus meliae azedarach; washing and drying the components and grinding into powder to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine premix feed; mixing the prepared traditional Chinese medicine premix feed with the basal feed, the premix feed and the feed additive and adding the mixed feed into a twin-screw feed expander; extruding the mixed raw materials by a feed mould under twin-screw extrusion; and regulating a rotation speed of a rotary cutting motor until feed pellets of the same size and length are obtained; putting the feed pellets into a multilayer oven and drying; uniformly spraying the soybean oil onto the surfaces of the feed pellets by an oil spray machine; removing hair and burrs on the surfaces of the pellets; and enabling the surfaces of the feed pellets to be smooth, to obtain the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp.
9. The preparation method of the immune-enhanced extruded pellet feed for grass carp according to claim 8, wherein a temperature of the oven is 70°C.
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