AU2018100746A4

AU2018100746A4 - Didactic theodolite measuring instrument which makes it possible to interpret an interactive form the trigonometric and geometric reasoning usable in the pedagogy

Info

Publication number: AU2018100746A4
Application number: AU2018100746A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Giovanny Marcelo Giglio
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-11-02
Filing date: 2018-06-04
Publication date: 2018-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 2024-10-28

Abstract

Measurement instrument that offers a didactic interpretation for trigonometric and geometric reasoning in an interactive way, applied in education, characterized by projecting the opposite, adjacent and hypotenuse legs and orientation references and geographical points so that the user, besides calculating and measure angles, distances in field, can observe the elements that make up to triangulation and the references already mentioned. This instrument consists of two dials, one azimuth and one zenith, which are protractor graduated in three types of angular measurement scales, the vertical dial is characterized by having a laser to measure angles, which is also used as a plumb line when turning it 90 O. It also has a laser pointer, which incorporates a tubular level so that the laser remains horizontal so that a reference can be projected to rethink with respect to it. As for the horizontal dial, it is characterized by using a mirror with an inclination of 45 with respect to the horizontal, by means of the reflection we can project horizontal and vertical points with the same laser and also has a plate on the back of the mirror that is rotated 180 0 and emits lines on a surface in different directions. It also stands out by incorporating a compass on the horizontal limb, which works symmetrically with the dial, which allows us to project the magnetic north through a beam of light to later appreciate a measurement, calculate, and project azimuth and directions.

Description

AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION INNOVATION PATENT

DIDACTIC THEODOLITE MEASURING INSTRUMENT WHICH MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO INTERPRETAN INTERACTIVE FORM THE TRIGONOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC REASONING USABLE IN THE PEDAGOGY

The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me

DIDACTIC THEODOLITE MEASURING INSTRUMENT THAT CAN BE INTERPRETED AN INTERACTIVELY USABLE TRIGONOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC REASONING IN PEDAGOGY

The innovation patent is related to a didactic measuring instrument, which solves the problem that there is in education to understand topics as trigonometry, geometry and topography, with the purpose of interpreting the mathematical reasoning and supplementing the theme in an interactive manner, making users and students understand with greater ease, and increase the level of retention.

State of the art

There are several solutions available. On the market, there is a large range sophisticated instrumentation in the area of the topography that streamline the calculation of distances, heights, and directions, etc but all these instruments have the purpose of reaching a value but they don’t explain how can we get a result. There is also visual and bibliographic material related to this topic, however, there is no invention or process that explains or interprets how it reaches a result. There is a lack of practical procedures that effectively transfer and guarantee the knowledge to the students, and which furthermore can exemplify how can be applied to the geometry and trigonometry in the work environment with the mathematical reasoning in an interactive manner.

For this reason, the need to develop a virtually autonomous educational tool , at a competitive cost arises, which, being used in the classroom or on ground has the great advantage that a large number of users can see results with tangible examples of high dynamic, and also carries out the theory to the practice , in other words, what the students learnt in the classroom. On the other hand, this instrument for learning has application in as the mining of small scale and construction works, and including in the astronomy. It can speed up the work of topography, eg for drawing diagrams of drilling in underground mines, measuring heights and distances of the mine operations, determining the orientation of mineralized bodies and geological structures and in the case of construction works can be applied to the horizontal and vertical level of a building.

The resolution of the proposal is to implement the instrument in education because the instrument is of easy comprehension for the user and very important for the teaching practice and pedagogy, it is also fundamental to know the topographical functions of the instrument, and the principles of pre-calculus and trigonometry.

Detailed description of the invention

This didactic measuring instrument can be mounted in any topographical tripod. It is constituted by a main axis or vertical, which has a spherical level (1) to maintain the instrument horizontal.

This instrument consists of two dials (2) respectively horizontal and vertical; these dials (2) are graduated protractors in sexagesimal degrees (360 °) with an appreciation of up to 15 minutes sexagesimal, having the function of marking a graduation. The dials (2) have 2 bearings sealed and two clamping nuts (3) respectively, which allows rotating both dials, without presenting a deviation, to obtain greater accuracy in the measurements. About the nuts, these are used to fix the laser and the dials at a point determined to appreciate a readout. The vertical dial (2a) has a toric level (4) or water level for maintaining the horizontal;which works independently of the spherical level (1), in addition it possesses several needles (5), which work parallel to a laser (6), this laser (6) replaces the collimation eyewear because that it fulfills the same function of positioning on the object to be measured or “collimate”( in topographic terms),and the needles (5) are responsible for marking the reading of determined object. Optionally the vertical dial (2a) has an astronomical laser (7) more sophisticated with which we can project and measure larger distances, since it has a range of up to 7 km in optimal conditions of visibility, In addition it can be projected adjacent leg and hypotenuse of an object to be measured. In addition, it features an Optical-holographic collimator (8) by way if the laser cannot be displayed on the day; this is used to solve this problem, and adapted to weather conditions and the taste of the user.

The dial (2a) can measure even up to the zenit, without any difficulty and without the need of adding accessories such as spectacle eye bent or eccentric. Optionally other dials (2C) can change the dials (2), having three measurement systems or angular ranges, these graduation ranges are the following: thousandth artillery (a), sexagesimal system (b), centesimal system(c). By using the mentioned dial (2c), we have the great advantage of appreciating the three scales already mentioned simultaneously without having to make a unit conversion.

About the horizontal dial (2b), it is distinguished by sharing the same laser (6) of the other dial, but an accessory is added, which is a mirror (9) with an inclination of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal, using this accessory, the laser that is in vertical position, reflects a point perpendicular to the vertical, managing to project horizontal and vertical points with a single laser, at the same time, in this way we economize materials. “It's where science is ". In addition this mirror (9) has an aluminum plate on its back side which to be rotated 180 ° and the laser converts a point into a vertical or horizontal line projected on a surface

In the upper part of the horizontal dial (2b), it has a compass (10), with which we determine and project the magnetic north by means of a beam of visible light, and therefore we can calculate azimuth and directions or course more effectively by projecting the measurement tracing. This compass (10) works symmetrically with the azimuth dial (2b). But its function is to project the magnetic north and then through the horizontal dial you can see the graduations in the different graduation scales. In this part is where we apply the mirror (9), obtaining exact measurements since the object can be positioned to be measured; a difference if you work only with a compass you determine relative measurements, since a compass is a pocket or hand instrument and is unstable. When using the compass (10) simultaneously, mounted on the dial (2b) we have the advantage that the compass (10) remains stable, without appreciating deviations.

About the plumb, unlike the other instruments that use optical or metallic plumbs, this instrument uses the same laser (6) of the dial rotating 90 ° with respect to the horizontal line. It can be used as a plumb line, which in low visibility conditions makes our work easier, and in windy areas, it also has advantages, since for the laser, the wind is not an obstacle.

It also has an accessory that is a laser with a tubular level (11), which remains horizontal and is projected so that it has a horizontal reference to measure with respect to this reference point in the case that is in a field that is not flat

One of the great advantages is that having a laser (6) facilitates interpretation for pedagogy by exemplifying in a practical and interactive way related to education. In addition, from an industrial perspective this instrument speeds up the readings and plotting of points or coordinates, since the same person who uses it can do all the work without needing an assistant

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION 1. - In the case that we wanted to measure the height of a light pole, we would have to install our instrument, then use the laser plumb and turn it on, to later measure with a tape measure, the horizontal distance of the pole towards the plumb line. After taking this measurement, we position the vertical limb towards the vertex of the post and we take the reading and then with a formula we obtain the height that we are looking for. 2. - Once we have the height we can calculate horizontal distances, inverting the formula 3. - if we want to calculate the azimuth of some object, it will only be enough to look for the magnetic north with the compass, then we will have to collimate the compass (position) with the dial and later aim with the laser towards the object to measure and we take our reading 4. - to calculate directions or course, we have to do the same procedure, but this time our reading will be measured counter clockwise (counterclockwise) 5. - To measure the slope of a street, for example, we use a levelling rod and then, using calculations, we obtain the slope. 6.- to determine the orientation of an object we just have to collimate the compass with the horizontal dial with respect to the magnetic north and then move the laser towards the object to be measured and appreciate the reading on the dial

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1: Represents a left side view of the instrument of the present application

Figure 2: Represents a plant view of the horizontal dial of the instrument of the present application

Figure 3: Represents an isometric view of the instrument

Figure 4: Represents a front view of the vertical dial, next to the optical-holographic collimator, laser and the mirror of the present application

Figure 5: Represents an isometric view of the dials of said instrument.

Figure 6: Represents a right side view of the instrument appreciating all its components including the astronomical laser

Figure 7: Represents an elevation view of the vertical dial with angular measurement systems

Claims

The claims defining the invention are as follows:

1. Measuring instrument didactic that allows to interpret in an interactive way the trigonometric and geometrical reasoning CHARACTERIZED by projecting the adjacent leg and the hypotenuse by means of a beam of light through laser (6) and also to measure long distances which uses a powerful astronomical laser (7) in optimal visibility conditions
2. Measuring instrument didactic that allows interpreting in an interactive way the trigonometric and geometrical reasoning CHARACTERIZED according to claim 1, because this uses the same laser (6) as a plumb line when turning it 90 °.
3. Measuring instrument didactic that allows to interpret in an interactive way the trigonometric and geometrical reasoning CHARACTERIZED according to claim 1, characterized because it allows to appreciate the opening of an angle in different graduation scales in its dials (2)
4. Measuring instrument didactic that allows interpreting in an interactive way the trigonometric and geometrical reasoning. According to claim 1, it characterizes by using a mirror (9) with an inclination of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal, by means of reflection. It is possible to project horizontal and vertical points at the same time, which can also be rotated 180 ° and a point can be converted into an horizontal or vertical line projecting it on a surface, representing an opposite leg and also has a compass (10) in the upper part of the horizontal dial (2b), which works symmetrically with the mentioned limb to project the magnetic north, through a beam of light.
5. Measuring instrument didactic that allows to interpret in an interactive way the trigonometric and geometrical reasoning CHARACTERIZED according to claim 1, characterized by having a laser (10) with a level which remains horizontal so that if you need to work on a non-flat ground this is used as a reference.