AU2015261684B2 - Light-emitting apparatuses for treating and/or diagnosing motor-related neurological conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

-24 Light-emission apparatuses emit light that is tailored to address and/or diagnose at least one motor-related neurological condition. Blue-green light and green light are useful for treating motor-related neurological conditions or their symptoms. 5 Deep red light and near infrared radiation may facilitate the repair of retinal cells and/or neurons that may be responsible for motor-related neurological conditions. Amber, orange and red light enable the early diagnosis of motor-related neurological conditions.

Description

2015261684 27 Nov 2015 10

LIGHT-EMITTING APPARATUSES FOR TREATING AND/OR DIAGNOSING MOTOR-RELATED NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION A claim for priority is hereby made to earlier filed U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/491,864, filed on May 31,2011 and titled “LIGHT-EMITTING APPARATUSES FOR TREATING AND/OR DIAGNOSING MOTOR-RELATED NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS,” the entire disclosure of which is, by this reference, hereby incorporated herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to apparatuses that emit light. In particular, the present invention relates to apparatuses that emit light that is tailored to diagnose and/or have a therapeutic effect on motor-related neurological conditions. A light therapy apparatus of the present invention may be configured to direct light to the eyes of a subject.

SUMMARY A light-emission apparatus of the present invention includes a light source, 20 electrical components for operating the light source, and a housing for carrying the light source and the electrical components. In addition, a light-emission apparatus may include controls, which cooperate with one or more of the electrical components to enable a user to control operation of the light source. The controls may provide a user with basic control over the light source; i.e., the ability to turn the light source on 25 and off. In addition, the controls may provide a user with the ability to perform more complex functions including, but not limited to, one or more of: the ability to adjust the intensity of light emitted by the light source; the ability to adjust the color(s) of light emitted by the light source, including ability to tailor the spectrum (or spectra) of light emitted by the light source; and the ability to control a duration of time the light 30 source operates.

In some embodiments, the controls of a light-emission apparatus of the present invention may comprise one or more processing elements, such as pre-programmed microcontrollers, one or more microprocessors, or the like. The processing element of a light-emission apparatus of the present invention communicates with the electronics -2- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 of the light-emission apparatus and, indirectly, with the light source. Accordingly, the processing element may control operation of the light source. In embodiments where the controls of a light-emission apparatus of the present invention include a processing element, the light-emission apparatus may also include associated input 5 elements and output elements and, in some embodiments, communication elements.

In one aspect, the present invention includes light-emission apparatuses that are configured to emit light tailored to address motor-related neurological conditions. In various embodiments, such a light-emission apparatus may emit visible light having at least one intensity peak at a wavelength that will treat a motor-related 10 neurological condition, a symptom of a motor-related neurological condition and/or facilitate the repair of retinal cells that may contribute to the motor-related neurological condition and/or of neurons that may be responsible for the motor-related neurological condition.

Examples of wavelengths that treat motor-related neurological conditions or 15 their symptoms include, but are not necessarily limited to, blue-green wavelengths of light and green wavelengths light, which are also respectively referred to herein as “blue-green light” and “green light” for the sake of simplicity. Without limiting the scope of the present invention, “green light” refers to narrow bandwidths of light (/. e., light of a single wavelength of visible green light or a narrow range of wavelengths of 20 visible green light), as well as to more broad spectrum light (e.g., white light, other polychromatic (i.e., multi-colored) blends of light, etc.) with intensity peaks at one or more wavelengths of green light. “Blue-green light” also includes narrow bandwidths of light and polychromatic light with intensity peaks at one of more wavelengths of blue-green light. 25 Wavelengths of deep red light and near infrared light (e.g., above 650 nm to 900 nm, etc.) may stimulate mitochondrial repair and, thus, repair of the cells, including retinal cells and/or neurons, of which the mitochondria are a part. By using light to stimulate the repair of retinal cells of the eye and/or neurons of the substantia nigra, light may also address the case of many motor-related neurological conditions. 30 A light-emission apparatus may be configured to emit visible light (e.g., blue-green and/or green light, deep red light and/or near infrared radiation, etc.) at levels (e.g., intensities, photon densities, irradiances, etc.) that treat one or more motor-related neurological conditions or their symptoms. In various embodiments, -3- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 one or more therapeutic wavelengths of light may be administered at levels that exceed the corresponding levels of such wavelengths in standard indoor ambient lighting, which levels are referred to herein as “ambient levels.” In some embodiments, one or more therapeutic wavelengths of light may be administered at 5 levels that exceed the average levels of these wavelengths of light in standard indoor lighting. These average levels are referred to herein as “average ambient levels.” A light-emission apparatus that is configured to provide therapy for one or more motor-related neurological conditions may be configured to emit below-ambient intensities of one or more wavelengths of light that counteract (e.g., enhance, 10 exacerbate, etc.) the symptoms of one or more motor-related neurological conditions. Symptom-exacerbating wavelengths include visible red wavelengths, and could also be considered to include one or more of visible orange and amber wavelengths of light. In some embodiments, such a light-emission apparatus may emit therapeutic light while emitting below-ambient intensities of symptom-exacerbating wavelengths 15 of light. In other embodiments, such a light-emission apparatus may emit therapeutic light without emitting or without substantially emitting one or more symptom-exacerbating wavelengths of light.

In some embodiments where a light-emission apparatus is configured to emit above-ambient levels of one or more therapeutic wavelengths of light, the 20 light-emission apparatus may emit ambient or below-ambient levels of one or more symptom-exacerbating wavelengths of light. In other embodiments, a light-emission apparatus may emit above-ambient levels of one or more wavelengths of therapeutic light while emitting substantially no light of at least one symptom-enhancing wavelength or no light of at least one symptom-enhancing wavelength of light. Thus, 25 the light source may be configured to emit light consisting essentially of, or even consist of, one or more wavelengths of light that address at least one motor-related neurological condition and light that does not enhance or exacerbate symptoms of the at least one motor-related neurological condition.

In another aspect, a light-emission apparatus of the present invention may be 30 configured to facilitate the early diagnosis of a motor-related neurological condition. Various embodiments of such an apparatus emit above-ambient levels of amber, orange and/or red light. Above-ambient levels of one or more symptom exacerbating wavelengths of light may be administered to a subject who exhibits some symptoms -4- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 (including early symptoms) that might be indicative of a motor-related neurological condition, but that do not provide a sure diagnosis of the motor-related neurological condition. When administered to such a subject, the above-ambient levels of one or more wavelengths of symptom exacerbating light may make the subject’s symptoms 5 more pronounced, or may cause the subject to temporarily exhibit previously unexhibited symptoms, which may enable an earlier diagnosis of the motor-related neurological condition. When above-ambient levels of one or more symptom exacerbating wavelengths of light are administered to a subject who is predisposed to one or more motor-related neurological conditions may exhibit symptoms of the at 10 least one motor-related neurological condition, which may enable the diagnosis of a motor-related neurological condition in an otherwise symptom-free subject.

In embodiments where a light emitting apparatus is configured for diagnostic purposes; for example, to emit one or more wavelengths that cause a subject to exhibit symptoms of at least one motor-related neurological condition if the subject is 15 predisposed to or believed to suffer from the at least one motor-related neurological condition, a light source of the diagnostic apparatus may be configured to emit light consisting essentially of, or even consisting of, one of more symptom-enhancing wavelengths of light, along with wavelengths of light that do not counteract the symptom enhancing wavelengths. Such a diagnostic apparatus may emit no 20 wavelengths of light that are therapeutic for the at least one motor-related neurological condition, substantially no wavelengths of light that are therapeutic for the at least one motor-related neurological condition, or even below-ambient amounts of any wavelength of light that is therapeutic for the at least one motor-related neurological condition. 25 Other features and advantages of various aspects of the present invention, as well as other aspects of the present invention, will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art through consideration of the ensuing description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.

30 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a representation of an embodiment of light-emission apparatus according to the present invention, in which the light-emission apparatus is configured -5- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 to deliver light of at least one wavelength that provides a therapeutic effect for subjects that suffer from at least one motor-related neurological condition; FIGs. 2A through 2C illustrate lights sources with different arrangements of light emission elements of different colors or bandwidths; and 5 FIG. 3 depicts an embodiment of light-emission apparatus that includes a light source that emits polychromatic light.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIG. 1 provides a schematic representation of a light-emission apparatus 10 10 that incorporates teachings of the present invention. In general terms, a light-emission apparatus 10 of the present invention includes a light source 30 and one or more controls associated with the light source 30. The light source 30 may include one or more light emission elements 32, each which may comprise any suitable type of light emitting device known in the art (e.g., a light emitting diode (LED), a fluorescent 15 lamp, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), etc.). Collectively, the light emission elements 32 of the light source 30 may be configured to emit light of one or more desired wavelengths, each at an above-ambient intensity or photon density.

The light source 30 of the light-emission apparatus 10 is, in various embodiments, configured to emit above-ambient levels, or intensities, photon 20 densities or irradiances, of one or more wavelengths of light that are tailored to address one or more motor-related neurological conditions. In some embodiments, the light emitted by the light source 30 may be tailored to address one or more primary symptoms of a motor-related neurological condition. The light emitted by the light source 30 may also be tailored to address one or more secondary symptoms of the 25 motor-related neurological condition (e.g., anxiety, depression, insomnia, hypersomnia, etc.). Additionally, the light emitted by the light source 30 may be tailored to exclude, or at least include below-ambient amounts, of wavelengths of light that may exacerbate one or more primary or secondary symptoms of the motor-related neurological condition. 30 By way of reference, levels of various wavelengths of light are considered, for purposes of this disclosure, to be “above-ambient” when they exceed the same levels of the same wavelengths of light present in standard indoor lighting. Conversely, for purposes of this disclosure, levels of various wavelengths of light are considered to be -6- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 “below-ambient” when they are less than the same levels of the same wavelengths of light present in standard indoor lighting. Standard indoor lighting is generally so-called “white light,” which is more accurately referred to as “polychromatic light,” having an intensity of 50 lux to 500 lux. The term "ambient,” when used in the 5 context of levels of one or more wavelengths of light, may refer to the levels of various wavelengths of light present in a particular type of polychromatic light at one ambient intensity (e.g., 50 lux, 500 lux, and intensity between 50 lux and 500 lux, etc.), the average levels of various wavelengths of light present in one or more types of polychromatic light at two or more ambient intensities, or the upper and lower 10 levels of one or more wavelengths of light at the upper and lower ends of a range of ambient intensities of polychromatic light from one or more sources.

At about 50 lux, standard indoor lighting (incandescent and/or fluorescent) has a collective photon density of 3.70 χ 1013 photons/cm2/s and a collective irradiance of 13.2 pW/crn2 (or 1.32 x 10's W/cm2). The blue-to-green (e.g., 460 nm to 570 mn, 15 etc.) portion of the spectrum of about 50 lux standard indoor lighting has a photon density of 1.35 χ 1013 photons/cm2/s and an irradiance of 5.1 pW/cm2. These values, as well as the photon density and irradiance of narrower wavelength ranges in the blue-to-green in standard indoor lighting having an intensity of about 50 lux, are included in the following table: 20 TABLE 1

Standard Indoor Light at About 50 lux Color/Wavelength Range Photon Density (photons/cm2/second) Irradiance (pWatts/cm2) Lux Polychromatic (white) 3.70 χ 10lJ 13.2 47 Blue (460 nm to 500 nm) 3.31 χ 10'z 1.4 2 Green (500 nm to 570 nm) 1.03 χ 10IJ 3.8 22 Blue-to-Green (460 nm to 570 mn) 1.35 χ 1013 5.1 23 490 nm to 565 nm ' 1.02 x 10IJ 3.8 20 520 nm to 565 nm ~ 7.25 χ 1012 2.6 17 525 nm to 555 nm 4.81 χ 10‘z 1.8 11 520 nm to 539 mn 2.68 χ 1012 1.0 6 25

The amber-to-red (e.g., above 570 nm to 640 nm, etc.) portion of the spectrum of about 50 lux standard indoor lighting has an intensity of about 24 lux, a photon density of 2.04 χ 1013 photons/cm2/s and an irradiance of 6.7 pW/cm2. The irradiance 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 -Ι οί amber-to-red light in standard indoor lighting at about 50 lux exceeds the irradiance of the blue-to-green “effective” spectrum of standard indoor lighting at about 50 lux.

At about 500 lux, the collective photon density of standard indoor lighting is 3.69 x 1014 photons/cm2/s and the collective irradiance of standard indoor lighting 5 is 133.5 pW/cm2. At about 500 lux, the blue-to-green portion of the standard indoor lighting spectrum has a photon density of 1.53 x 1014 photons/cm2/s and an irradiance of 58.4 pW/cm2. These values, as well as the photon density and irradiance of narrower wavelength ranges in the blue-to-green in standard indoor lighting having an intensity of about 500 lux, are included in the following table: 10 TABLE 2

Stand arc Indoor Light at Abou 500 lux ColorAVavelength Range Photon Density (photons/cm2/second) Irradiance (pWatts/cm2) Lux Polychromatic (white) 3.69 x 10“* 133.5 479 Blue (460 nm to 500 nm) 4.09 x 101J 16.9 18 Green (500 nm to 570 nm) 1.14 x 1014 42.0 238 Blue-to-Green (460 nm to 570 nm) 1.53 x 1014 58.4 256 490 nm to 565 nm 1.15 x 1014 42.9 223 520 nm to 565 nm 7.79 x 101J 28.5 181 525 nm to 555 nm 5.14 x 101J 18.9 121 520 nm to 539 nm 3.03 x 10IJ 11.4 66

The amber-to-red portion of the spectrum of about 500 lux standard indoor lighting has an intensity of about 225 lux, a photon density 15 of 1.85 x 1014 photons/cm2/s and an irradiance of 60.4 pW/cm2. The irradiance of amber-to-red light in standard indoor lighting at about 500 lux exceeds the irradiance of the blue-to-green “effective” spectrum of standard indoor lighting at about 500 lux.

Based on the foregoing, when “ambient” includes an average of the level of one or more bandwidths of light in polychromatic light of about 50 lux and the level 20 of the same bandwidth(s) of light in polychromatic light of about 500 lux, the ambient levels of the bandwidths set forth in TABLES 1 and 2 may include the ambient values for standard indoor lighting identified in TABLE 3. -8- TABLE 3

Average Ambient Levels of Standard Indoor Light Color/Wavelength Range Photon Density (photons/cm2/second) Irradiance (pWatts/cm2) Lux Polychromatic (white) 2.03 x 10H 73.4 263 Blue (460 nm to 500 nm) 2.21 x 10lJ ’ 9.1 10 Green (500 nm to 570 nm) 6.19 x 10,J 22.9 130 Blue-to-Green (460 nm to 570 nm) 8.35 x 1013 31.8 140 490 nm to 565 nm 6.24 x 101J 23.4 122 520 nm to 565 nm 4.26 x 10lj 15.6 99 525 nm to 555 nm 2.81 x 10,J 10.3 66 520 nm to 539 nm 1.65 x 10IJ 6.2 36 2015261684 27 Nov 2015

The amber-to-red portion of the spectrum of ambient standard indoor lighting has an intensity of about 125 lux, a photon density of 1.03 x 1014 photons/cm2/s and 5 an irradiance of 33.6 pW/cm2. The irradiance of amber-to-red light in standard indoor lighting of average intensity exceeds the irradiance of the blue-to-green “effective” spectrum of standard indoor lighting at average intensity.

As an alternative to defining “ambient” in terms of an average, “ambient” light may include polychromatic light within a range of intensities, photon densities and/or 10 irradiances, or energies, along with the levels of light within various bandwidths of polychromatic light within such a range. Levels of various wavelengths of light may be considered to be “above-ambient” when they exceed the same levels of the same wavelengths of light in an ambient range. Conversely, levels of various wavelengths of light may be considered to be “below-ambient” when they are less than the same 15 levels of the same wavelengths of light present in the ambient range. For purposes of this disclosure, the low end of “ambient” levels may comprise the levels of each wavelength range present in about 50 lux polychromatic light, while the high end of “ambient” levels comprises the levels of various wavelength ranges present in about 500 lux polychromatic light. With this definition of ambient, below-ambient 20 levels would include below-about 50 lux levels, while above-ambient levels would include above-about500 lux levels.

As a point of reference, incandescent indoor lighting, which has a collective ambient intensity of about 50 lux to about 500 lux, is composed primarily of amber and red wavelengths of light, with some green light. Green light makes up only a 25 small portion of the spectrum output by incandescent indoor lighting. Thus, the -9- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 intensity of the green wavelengths present in incandescent indoor lighting is significantly less than 200 lux. Fluorescent indoor lighting has the signature of mercury, with three intensity peaks: a first peak in the indigo-deep blue range (435 nm-436 nm); a second peak in the green-yellow range (540 nm-560 nm); 5 and a third peak at the red wavelength from 580 nm to 640 nm. As with incandescent indoor lighting, the intensity of fluorescent indoor lighting is only about 50 lux to about 500 lux. The deep blue and green-yellow peaks of such light are, of course, less intense than the collective intensity of light output by fluorescent indoor lighting.

When administered to the eyes of a subject (/.<?., ocularly) in above-ambient 10 levels, light within the range of blue wavelengths (e.g., minimum wavelength of460 nm, etc.) to blue-green wavelengths (e.g., minimum wavelength of490 nm, etc.) to green wavelengths (e.g., maximum wavelength of 570 nm, etc.) has a positive, or beneficial, effect on motor-related neurological conditions and their symptoms, including both primary and secondary symptoms. See, e.g., U.S.

15 Provisional Patent Application no. 61/491,860, titled “METHODS FOR PREVENTING AND TREATING MOTOR-RELATED NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS,” filed on May 31,2011 (the “’860 Application”), the entire disclosure of which is, by this reference, hereby incorporated herein. It is believed that the administration of light including above-ambient intensity peaks centered at any 20 location within the blue-green to green range of wavelengths will benefit subjects who suffer from motor-related neurological conditions.

The ocular administration of above-ambient levels of any of these wavelengths of light may stimulate a dopaminergic response in the body of a subject, which may in some instances vary levels or activity of one or more monoamines (e.g., melatonin, 25 serotonin, dopamine, derivatives and/or analogs of the foregoing, etc.), restore a balance of chemicals in the brain of a subject (e.g., moderate (e.g., decrease, etc.) melatonin production by the subject, moderate (e.g., increase, etc.) dopamine and/or serotonin production by the subject, etc.), with the degree of restoration and/or moderation being a function of the wavelength(s) and/or the level(s) of light 30 administered to the subject. Light therapy with an apparatus that incorporates teachings of the present invention stimulate a dopaminergic response, which can restore or provide balance to levels of one or more monoamines (e.g., melatonin, serotonin dopamine, etc.) in a subject’s brain. For the sake of simplicity, the terms 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 -ίο- “melatonin,” “serotonin” and “dopamine,” as used herein, respectively include melatonin and analogs or derivatives of melatonin, serotonin and analogs of serotonin and dopamine and analogs or derivatives of dopamine. Amounts or levels of one or more monoamines within the body of a subject may be adjusted in a manner that 5 addresses a motor-related neurological condition. The adjustment of monoamine levels in the body of a subject includes, but is not necessarily limited to, adjusting or balancing melatonin or serotonin levels at particular times of the day (e.g., late afternoon, early evening, etc.).

Light within the range of amber wavelengths (e.g., wavelengths of more 10 than 570 nm, etc.) to red wavelengths (e.g., maximum wavelength of 650 nm, 750 nm, etc.), when ocularly administered to a subject in above-ambient levels, may exacerbate any motor-related neurological conditions from which the subject may suffer, or at least one of the symptoms of any such motor-related neurological condition. See, e.g., the ’860 Application. Specifically, exposure to amber, orange and 15 red wavelengths of light may cause a subject who is predisposed to a motor-related neurological condition and/or a subject who suffers from, but has not yet clearly exhibited symptoms of one or more motor-related neurological conditions, to exhibit one or more symptoms of the motor-related neurological condition. Moreover, when the eyes of a subject are exposed to above-ambient levels of amber to red wavelengths 20 of light (e.g., light having wavelengths of greater than 570 nm, up to 650 nm; of greater than 570 nm, up to 750 nm; etc.), dopaminergic activity by the subject’s body may be temporarily inhibited (e.g., melatonin production by the subject may be enhanced, dopamine production by the subject may be inhibited, etc,).

Wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation above 650 nm, including visible 25 light and infrared radiation, may promote or stimulate mitochondrial repair. In the eyes, the promotion or stimulation of mitochondrial repair may facilitate the repair of damaged retinal cells, which damage may be at least partially responsible for motor-related neurological conditions, and, thus, at least partial avoidance and/or reversal of the motor-related neurological condition. In the substantia nigra, the 30 promotion or stimulation of mitochondrial repair may facilitate repair of damaged neurons responsible for a motor-related neurological condition and, thus, at least partial reversal of the motor-related neurological condition. -11-

As indicated previously herein, the light source 30 of a light-emission apparatus 10 according to the present invention is configured to emit light of one or more predetermined, and relatively narrow bandwidths, or wavelength ranges. The light source 30 may be configured to address a motor-related neurological condition, or at least one or more primary and/or secondary symptoms of such a condition. In such an embodiment, the light source 30 may be configured to emit, at an above-ambient level, light that addresses the motor-related neurological condition or any of its symptoms in a positive manner (e.g., at least one bandwidth of light with an intensity peak centered in the range of 460 nm to 570 nm, inclusive; in the range of 490 nm to 570 nm, inclusive; in the range of 520 nm to 570 nm, inclusive; etc). Such an embodiment of light source 30 may also be configured to emit ambient or belovv-ambient levels of light that may exacerbate the motor-related neurological condition, or one or more of its symptoms (e.g., bandwidths of light with intensity peaks centered at more than 570 nm to 650 nm, at more than 570 nm to 750 nm, etc.). A light-emission apparatus 10 of the present invention may be configured to stimulate a dopaminergic response, which may moderate levels of one or more monoamines in the body of a subject (e.g., by affecting the production of melatonin, serotonin and/or dopamine by the subject, etc.). The light source 30 of such a light-emission apparatus 10 may be configured to emit light that provides a desired change in the subject’s monoamine levels.

The light source 30 may be configured to emit light that has a therapeutic effect on one or more motor-related neurological conditions or their symptoms. A decrease in certain monoamine levels may result from stimulation of the subject’s body to decrease production of those monoamines or in any other manner. Likewise, an increase in other monoamine levels may result from stimulation of the subject’s body to increase production of those monoamines For example, certain wavelengths of light may stimulate dopamine, serotonin, etc., while suppressing or decreasing the production of melatonin. Without limiting the scope of the present invention, the desired therapeutic effect may be achieved by ocularly exposing a subject to an above-ambient level of at least one bandwidth of light with an intensity peak centered in the range of blue to green light (e.g., 460 mn to 570 nm, inclusive), blue-green to green light (e.g., 490 nm to 570 nm, inclusive) or green light (e.g., 520 nm to 570 mn, inclusive). Further stimulation of a subject’s dopaminergic response may be achieved -12- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 with a light source 30 that is configured to emit ambient or below-ambient levels of light that may inhibit dopaminergic activity by the body of a subject (e.g, light within the range of more than 570 nm to 750 nm, inclusive, etc.). As a non-limiting example, the light emitted by the light source 30 may stimulate a dopaminergic response, which 5 may cause changes in the levels of, or balance the ration of, one or more monoamines (e.g., a decrease in the level of melatonin, an increase in the level of dopamine and/or serotonin, etc.) in the subject’s body.

In some embodiments, such a light source 30 may be configured not to emit above-ambient levels of any wavelength of light that may exacerbate the desired 10 therapeutic effect; for example, by altering levels of monoamines in the body of the subject, such as by increasing melatonin levels or decreasing dopamine or serotonin levels within the body of a subject.

In another aspect, a light-emission apparatus 10 may include a light source 30 configured to exacerbate one or more motor-related neurological conditions or their 15 symptoms experienced by a subject. Without limitation, the light source 30 may be configured to temporarily inhibit a dopaminergic response by a subject (e.g., increase melatonergic activity within the body of a subject, decrease levels of dopamine within the body of the subject, decrease dopaminergic activity, etc.). One or more motor-related neurological conditions may be exacerbated by ocularly exposing the 20 subject to at least one bandwidth of light with a peak centered in the range of more than 570 nm to 750 nm, inclusive. This effect may also be achieved with ambient or below ambient levels of light with at least one bandwidth of light peaking in the range of 570 nm to 750nm, when that light is isolated from or produces a higher ratio of light than the range of 460 - 570 nm. In some embodiments, such a light source 30 25 may be configured not to emit above-ambient levels of light that may be therapeutic for any of the motor-related neurological conditions or their symptoms. In other embodiments, such a light source 30 may be configured to emit light where the ratio of 570nm - 750 nm light is greater than the ratio of 460 - 570 nm light. Any of these concepts may be useful for stimulating melatonin production by the subject and, thus, 30 increasing melatonergic response in the subject’s body.

In yet another example, a light source 30 may be configured to moderate the level of one or more monoamines within the body of a subject by selectively exposing the subject to light that may increase levels of one or more monoamines (while -13- possibly decreasing levels of one or more other monoamines in the subject’s body) within the subject’s body or to light that may decrease levels of one or more monoamines within the subject’s body (while possibly increasing or balancing levels of one or more other monoamines in the subject’s body). A light-emission apparatus 10 may include a light source 30 that enables the early detection of one or more motor-related neurological conditions. As noted above, ocular exposure of a subject to amber to red wavelengths of light (e.g., more than 570 nm to 650 nrn, more than 570 nm to 750 nm etc.) may cause a subject who is predisposed to a motor-related neurological condition or who suffers from, but does not yet clearly exhibit symptoms of, a motor-related neurological condition to exhibit symptoms of that condition. By emitting above-ambient levels of such light, a light source 30 may cause one or more symptoms of a motor-related neurological condition in such a subject to emerge. Thus, a light-emission apparatus 10 of the present invention may include a light source 30 that may enable early diagnosis of a motor-related neurological condition to which a subject is predisposed or a motor-related neurological condition from which the subject already suffers without otherwise exhibiting clear symptoms.

The light source 30 of a light-emission apparatus 10 that incorporates teachings of the present invention may be configured to emit one or more wavelengths of light that may stimulate mitochondrial repair. By stimulating retinal repair, it is currently believed that the wavelength or wavelengths of light emitted by a light-emission apparatus 10 of the present invention may repair damaged retinal cells and/or damaged neurons. It is currently believed that repairing damaged retinal cells may at least partially prevent and/or reverse motor-related neurological conditions. It is also currently believed that repairing damaged neurons, such as the neurons of the substantia nigra, may at least partially reverse motor-related neurological conditions. In some embodiments, such a light source 30 may be configured to emit light having wavelengths of more than 750 nm, which may include deep red (visible) light and some infrared radiation (e.g., wavelengths of infrared radiation of about 900 nm or less, etc.). A light-emission apparatus 10 of the present invention may include a light source 30 that only emits light that will provide a single result (e.g., one of the foregoing functions, etc.). Alternatively, the light source 30 may be configured with -14- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 selectively that enables a user to choose a desired function from a plurality of functions (e.g., any combination of the functions described above, etc.).

In embodiments where the light-emission apparatus 10 is configured to provide a single result, the light source 30 may be configured to emit above-ambient 5 levels of one or more wavelengths of light that may achieve the desired result. These wavelengths of light are referred to herein as “desirable wavelengths.” In addition, the light source 30 may be configured not to emit above-ambient levels of any wavelengths of light that may counteract the desired result (i.e., the light source 30 may emit ambient levels of such wavelengths or below-ambient levels of such 10 wavelengths), which wavelengths of light are referred to herein as “undesirable wavelengths.” In some embodiments, the only wavelengths of light that may be emitted by the light source 30 at above-ambient levels are desirable wavelengths. In other embodiments, the light source 30 may be configured to only emit desirable wavelengths of light. 15 The light emission characteristics of the light source 30 may be defined by the light emission element(s) 32 of the light source 30. A variety of embodiments of light emission elements 32 that emit one or more relatively narrow bandwidths of light may be used in the light source 30 of a light-emission apparatus that incorporates teachings of the present invention. Without limiting the scope of the present invention, the light 20 emission elements 32 may comprise light emitting diodes (LEDs). LEDs may be configured to emit predefined narrow bandwidths of light, including a variety of desirable wavelengths. LEDs may also be configured to not emit undesirable wavelengths of light, to emit undesirable wavelengths of light at below-ambient levels, or to emit undesirable wavelengths of light at levels that do not exceed ambient 25 levels of such wavelengths.

Alternatively, the light emission element(s) 32 may emit desirable wavelengths of light along with light of one or more other wavelengths, Such a light emission element 32 is referred to in the art as a “polychromatic light source.” The other wavelengths of light emitted by the light emission element(s) 32 may include 30 undesirable wavelengths, or they may consist of innocuous and/or other helpful wavelengths of light. In embodiments where the light emission elements) 32 generate(s) light of one or more undesirable wavelengths at undesirably high levels (e.g., any emission of such wavelengths, ambient levels of such wavelengths, -15- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 above-ambient levels of such wavelengths, etc.), the light source 30 may include one or more filters 34 to attenuate the emission of the one or more undesirable wavelengths from the light-emission apparatus 10. As known in the art, filters 34 may be selected on the basis of the wavelengths of light they attenuate. 5 Some embodiments of light-emission apparatuses 10 that incorporate teachings of the present invention are configured to be used for multiple functions (e.g., any combination of the above-described functions, etc.). The light source 30 of such a light-emission apparatus 10 may be configured to enable a user to select a desired function from a plurality of functions. 10 Asa non-limiting example, a light-emission apparatus 10 may include a light source 30 with two or more sets 33a, 33b, etc., of light emission elements 32, as shown in FIG. 2A. Each set 33a, 33b, etc., may include light emission elements 32a, 32b, etc., that perform a different function from the light emission elements 32a, 32b, etc., (collectively, “light emission elements 32”) of every other 15 set 33a, 33b, etc. In the illustrated embodiment, the light emission elements 32 may be organized over an emission surface 31 of the light source 30 in an array, with light emission elements 32a, 32b, etc., from different sets 33a, 33b, etc., respectively, interspersed, or mixed, with one another. Alternatively, as illustrated by FIG. 2B, the light emission elements 32 may be organized in alternating rows or columns, with 20 each row or column consisting of or primarily comprising light emission elements 32a, 32b, etc., of a single type. As another alternative, each different type of light emission elements 32a, 32b, etc., may be grouped together, as depicted by FIG. 2C.

In some embodiments, one set 33a of light emission elements 32a may be 25 configured to address a motor-related neurological condition or one or more symptoms of such a condition. Another set 33b of light emission elements 32b may be configured to facilitate diagnosis of a motor-related neurological condition. Another optional set 33c of light emission elements 32c may be configured to repair cellular damage (e.g., mitochondrial damage, etc.) to retinal cells and/or neurons that may 30 cause the motor-related neurological condition.

As another example, a light-emission apparatus 10 may be configured to moderate levels of one or more monoamines in the body of a subject. Such a light-emission apparatus 10 may include a light source 30 with one set 33a of light -16- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 emission elements 32a that emit light that may treat a motor-related neurological condition or its symptoms, such as by stimulating a dopaminergic response by a subject’s body (e.g., cause a decrease in melatonin levels or melatonergic activity (e.g., by stimulating the body of a subject to suppress or delay the production of 5 melatonin and/or increase serotonin production, etc.); cause an increase in dopamine levels (e.g., by stimulating the subject’s body to increase dopamine production, etc.); etc.) and another set 33b of light emission elements 32b that may exacerbate a motor-related neurological condition or its symptoms (e.g., cause an increase in melatonin levels or melatonergic activity, or diminishing serotonergic activity, etc., 10 (e.g., by stimulating the body of the subject to produce more melatonin and/or reduce serotonin, etc.); cause a decrease in dopamine levels (e.g., by stimulating the body of the subject to cease or slow down dopamine production, etc.); etc.).

The light-emission apparatus 10 may perform different functions at discrete points in time (e.g., diagnose a motor-related neurological condition/address a 15 motor-related neurological condition or its symptoms; increase or decrease levels of certain monoamines; etc.). Alternatively, at least portions of the performance of two or more functions by the light-emission apparatus 10 may be effected simultaneously (e.g., address a motor-related neurological condition/promote cellular repair; etc.).

The manner in which different functions are to be performed by such a light 20 source 30 may be controlled with a processing element 36, such as a microcontroller, of a type known in the art. The processing element 36 of the light source 30 may be pre-programmed to perform a set of defined functions. In some embodiments, parameters of the defined functions (e.g., duration of operation; intensity, photon density and/or irradiance; etc.) may be defined by programming of the processing 25 element 36. In other embodiments, the processing element 36 may be programmed with one or more parameters (e.g., duration of operation; intensity, photon density and/or irradiance; wavelength(s) of light emitted; etc.) that control the manner in which light is emitted by the light source 30 and, thus, the function to be performed by the light-emission apparatus 10. In some embodiments, the processing element 36 30 and the light source 30 may be configured in a manner that enables a light-emission apparatus 10 of the present invention to emit different spectra based on a number of different factors. As a non-limiting example, the processing element 36 and the light source 30 of a light emission apparatus 10 may be configured to cause the -17- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 light-emission apparatus 10 to emit different intensities of different wavelengths of light at different times during a day. A specific embodiment of such a light-emission apparatus 10 may be configured to counteract the effects of natural light at different times of the day (e.g., to generate and emit blue-green and/or green light at 5 increasingly greater intensities as the time of day progresses from afternoon to evening; to generate and emit decreasingly lesser intensities of amber, orange and red light as the time of day progresses from afternoon to evening; etc.). As another example, the processing element 36 and the light source 30 of a light-emission apparatus 10 may be configured to cause the light-emission apparatus 10 to emit 10 different spectra based upon the particular symptom(s) experienced by a subject and/or the severity of each symptom.

Turning now to FIG. 3, an embodiment of light-emission apparatus 10 that includes a light source 30 that generates polychromatic light is depicted. In some embodiments, the polychromatic light may comprise so-called “white” light emitted 15 by one or more light emission elements 32. In other embodiments, light of a plurality of different colors simultaneously emitted by a plurality of differently configured light emission elements 32 may blend to provide the polychromatic light. In any event, the polychromatic light emitted by the light source 30 includes various wavelengths and/or bandwidths that will perform a plurality of desired functions, 20 As those of ordinary skill in the art understand, the specific characteristics of polychromatic light (e.g., the wavelengths of light included in polychromatic light, the wavelengths at which relative intensity peaks of certain colors of light are centered, etc.) depend upon the source(s) (e.g., the light emission elements 32, etc.) of that polychromatic light. These specific characteristics of polychromatic light from 25 various sources may be referred to as the “signature” of the polychromatic light.

The signature of the polychromatic light emitted by the light source 30 of a light-emission apparatus 10 may at least partially define the function or functions that the light-emission apparatus 10 is capable of performing. As an example, a light-emission apparatus 10 that includes a light source 30 that emits polychromatic 30 light with peaks of blue, blue-green and/or green light (i.e., the desirable wavelengths in this example) may be useful for addressing a motor-related neurological condition, for addressing a motor-related neurological condition or its symptoms, or for stimulating a dopaminergic response by the subject, which may cause changes in -18- 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 levels of one or more monoamines within a subject’s body. This is particularly true where the magnitude of a peak of one or more desirable wavelengths exceeds the magnitude of a peak of any undesirable wavelength, or color, of light (e.g, amber, orange or red light) that may counteract the effectiveness of the desirable 5 wavelength(s) (e.g., blue, blue-green and/or green light), and especially where the relative magnitudes of the peaks of desirable and undesirable wavelengths enables the polychromatic light to be delivered in such a way that desirable wavelengths of light are provided at above-ambient levels while undesirable wavelengths of light are provided at ambient levels or below-ambient levels. In some embodiments, the light 10 source 30 of a light-emission apparatus 10 of the present invention may be configured to emit unfiltered polychromatic light.

The function or functions that are to be performed by a light source 30 with light emission elements 32 that emit polychromatic light may also be defined by controlling the wavelength(s) and/or bandwidth(s) of light emitted by the light 15 source 30. Thus, the light source 30 of a light-emission apparatus 10 of the present invention may include one or more filters 34 that at least partially block, or attenuate, any wavelength(s) of light that may counteract the desired function(s), while allowing for the transmission of therapeutic levels of certain desirable wavelengths of light and, thus, the emission of such desirable wavelengths of light from the light source 30. The 20 use of different filters 34 may enable the light-emission apparatus 10 to perform different functions.

With renewed reference to FIG. 1, in addition to a light source 30, a light-emission apparatus 10 of the present invention may include a housing 20. The housing 20 carries the light source 30. In addition, the housing 20 may carry one or 25 more other components of the light-emission apparatus 10, including, but not limited to, controls for operating the light source 30 and a power supply 50. A light-emission apparatus 10 of the present invention may also include any of a variety of other features (e.g., a light transmission lens, features for diffusing the emitted light, features for focusing the emitted light, features for orienting the housing 20, etc.) that 30 may provide it with desired functionality.

The housing 20 of a light-emission apparatus 10 that incorporates teachings of the present invention may have any suitable configuration. In embodiments where the light-emission apparatus 10 is configured to deliver light-emission in controlled 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 -19- conditions (e.g., in a research facility, in a medical clinic, etc.) or is intended for repeated use in substantially the same location, the housing 20 may be relatively large (e.g., so as to accommodate a relatively large light source 30, etc.). Due to its size, such a light-emission apparatus 10 may lack portability. Accordingly, the power 5 supply 50 of such a light-emission apparatus 10 may comprise components that enable the light-emission apparatus 10 to operate under AC power, in a manner known in the art.

In other embodiments, a more portable light-emission apparatus 10 may be desirable. The housing 20 of the light-emission apparatus 10 may be configured to, at 10 least in part, impart the light-emission apparatus 10 with portability and, in some embodiments, enable the light-emission apparatus 10 to perform its desired function(s) as it is held by a user’s hand. In various embodiments, such a housing 20 may be readily transportable, occupy minimal space during transportation and/or storage and be configured to enable the light-emission apparatus 10 to be used in a 15 variety of setting or under a variety of circumstances. In addition to including a small housing 20, a portable light-emission apparatus 10 may include a correspondingly small, even lightweight, light source 30. In some embodiments, the power supply 50 of a portable light-emission apparatus 10 may include one or more batteries, further imparting the light-emission apparatus 10 with portability. Portable embodiments of 20 light emission apparatuses 10 of the present invention may be configured to be positioned on a surface (e.g., a tabletop, the subject’s lap, etc.), to be worn by the subject receiving light therapy (e.g., head-mountable to direct light to the subject’s eyes from above (e.g., like a visor or hat, etc.), from below and/or around the periphery of the subject’s eyes (e.g., like glasses, etc.); etc.) or have any other suitable 25 configuration.

In some embodiments, a light-emission apparatus 10 may include a processing element (e.g., a microprocessor, a microcontroller, etc.) and a light source 30 than that causes light it

In use, a light-emission apparatus 10 of the present invention may be 30 configured to direct light toward the eyes of a subject and, thus, to provide ocular light therapy. In some embodiments, the subject’s eyes may be closed while ocular light therapy is provided. In other embodiments, a subject may open his or her eyes as 2015261684 27 Nov 2015 -20- ocular light therapy is provided. In further embodiments, desired ocular light therapy may be provided regardless of whether the subject’s eyes are open or closed.

Although the foregoing description contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention or of any of the appended claims, 5 but merely as providing information pertinent to some specific embodiments that may fall within the scope of one or more of the appended claims. Other embodiments of the invention may also be devised which lie within the scope of one or more of the appended claims. The scope of each claim is, therefore, limited only by the language recited therein and the legal equivalents to the elements recited thereby. All 10 combinations, additions, deletions and modifications, as disclosed herein, that fall within the meaning and scopes of the claims are to be embraced thereby.

Claims (13)

1. A device for providing light therapy to a subject suffering from a motor-related neurological condition, comprising: at least one light source for emitting light in a manner suitable for ocular administration to a subject, the light including an above-ambient intensity of at least one therapeutic bandwidth having a therapeutic peak at a wavelength that reduces a severity of at least one symptom of a motor-related neurological condition, the wavelength being in a range of 460 nm to 570 nm, with an intensity of the therapeutic peak of the therapeutic bandwidth of visible light exceeding an intensity of each peak of visible light above 570 nm.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the visible light emitted by the at least one light source lacks a symptom-exacerbating peak of an undesirable bandwidth of visible light with an intensity sufficient to exacerbate at least one symptom of the motor-related neurological condition.

3. The device of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the at least one therapeutic bandwidth comprises a plurality of therapeutic peaks of visible light, each therapeutic peak having a wavelength that treats a motor-related neurological condition.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one light source is configured to emit a therapeutic peak at a blue-green wavelength of visible light.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one light source is configured to emit another therapeutic wavelength comprising a therapeutic peak in a range of 460 nm to 570 nm.

6. The device of any one of claims 1, 4 or 5, wherein each symptom-exacerbating peak of the undesirable bandwidth of visible light comprises a symptom-exacerbating peak of at least one of an amber wavelength of visible light, an orange wavelength of visible light, and a red wavelength of visible light.

7. The device of any one of claims 1, 4 or 5, wherein each symptom-exacerbating peak of the undesirable bandwidth of visible light comprises a peak in a range of 575 nm to 750 nm.

8. The device of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one light source includes: at least one polychromatic light source that generates the at least one therapeutic wavelength of visible light and each undesirable bandwidth of visible light; and at least one filter for preventing each undesirable bandwidth of visible light generated by the polychromatic light source from being transmitted id an eye of the subject.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the polychromatic light source comprises a source of white light.

10. The device of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one light source further includes: at least one green light source.

11. The device of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the at least one light source is configured to selectively emit visible light including the symptom-exacerbating peak of visible light at an intensity sufficient to exacerbate at least one symptom of the motor-related neurological condition while emitting a below-ambient intensity or no light of the at least one therapeutic bandwidth of visible light that treats the motor-related neurological condition.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein the below-ambient intensity or no light of the at least one therapeutic bandwidth of visible light that treats the motor-related neurological condition is insufficient to treat the motor-related neurological condition.

13. The device of claim 11, further comprising: a control element for selectively causing the at least one light source to emit only one of visible light including the therapeutic peak and the symptom-exacerbating peak.