AU2011347203A1 - Derivatives of glyco-CF2-serine and glyco-CF2-threonine - Google Patents

Description

Derivatives of glyco-CF₂-serine and glyco-CF₂-threonine

The present invention relates to glycoside-CF₂-serine or glycoside-CF₂-threonine derivatives, useful as glycoside-O-serine or glycoside-O-threonine mimics, as well as their preparation process, their use in peptide synthesis, said peptide and the use of said peptide.

Glycosylation is a co- or post-translational modification present in more than 50 % of all proteins. O-glycosylation on the hydroxyl function of amino acids, such as serine, threonine, tyrosine, hydroxylysine or hydroxyproline, is the most common modification.

Glycoproteins, which are present in the cellular membranes, are implicated in numerous biochemical processes such as fertilisation, embryogenesis, neuronal development, immune responses, inflammatory reactions, intercellular recognition and regulation of the cell growth. Important changes are observed in the structure of sugars present on the surface of cells during the canceration process. Moreover, sugars of host cells are often used by different pathogens to allow their entry into cells.

For all these reasons, glycoproteins are an important key messengers for numerous therapies such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and in particular anticancer therapies.

Cancer represents the first cause of mortality. In a global point of view, a doubling of the number of cancers is expected in the next 30 years. The discovery of novel anticancer compounds is thus a major endeavor.

Several treatments are actually used for treating cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy. However, the 3 first possibilities either are very invasive or lead to side effects such as, for chemotherapy, hair loss, nauseas, diarrheas and diminution of erythrocyte.

New approaches are thus studied to improve the treatments against cancer, notably through "passive" or "active" immunotherapy. The last one seems very promising and consists in the stimulation of the immune response against specific tumoral antigens. Indeed, a modification of mucins expression has been observed on the surface of cancer cells. Those glycoproteins are over-expressed on the surface of tumoral epithelial cells.

Moreover, contrary to healthy cells, cancerous cells have, on their surface, because of abnormal glycosylations, shorter peptide units, which allowed the identification of specific tumoral antigens of saccharide type. Examples of oside epitopes are described below:

-Ser/Thr

antigen TF antigen Tn antigen sTn

The common synthon of these antigens is the moiety Gal-O-Ser/Thr. This moiety is currently being extensively studied towards the development of synthetic anticancer vaccines.

The drawback of such structures is the ease in which the O-glycosyl bond is cleaved by enzymatic systems such as hydrolases.

This prompted numerous research teams to design mimics of natural glycoconjugates in order to improve their stability in a biological medium. In this field, C-glycosides are the most studied, with the replacement of the oxygen atom of the O- glycosyl bond with a methylene group which is less sensitive to circulating enzymes. However, even if the stability is improved, the CH₂ group is not a good oxygen mimic, and access to this compound is not that straightforward.

The inventors of the present invention have thus developed a synthesis of glyco- CF₂-serine or glyco-CF₂-threonine derivatives which also constitute a synthetic challenge. Extensive synthetic methodology development was necessary to successfully synthesize the target compounds.

Indeed, a difluoromethylene moiety (-CF₂-) is a better mimic of an oxygen atom for electronic reasons. The CF₂ group has an electronegativity very closed to the one of the oxygen atom, the two fluorine atoms playing the role of the two electronic doublets of the oxygen. Moreover, the C-F bond is more stable thereby improving the stability of the final molecule. A CF₂ group is thus a better mimic of an oxygen atom than a CH₂ group.

The introduction of such glyco-CF₂-serine or glyco-CF₂-threonine derivatives in peptides or proteins moieties stabilizes the resulting glycopeptides or glycoproteins, notably against glycosidases, proteases and acid or basic conditions.

The present invention relates thus to a com ound of formula (I):

(I)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a tautomer, a stereoisomer or a mixture of stereoisomers in any proportion, in particular a mixture of enantiomers, and particularly a racemate mixture,

wherein:

- Y represents a CN, N0₂, ReR? or CF^ ReR? group,

- Z represents H or CH₃,

- R represents a hydrogen or fluorine atom or a CH₃, CH₂F, CH₂OSiR^alR^blR^cl, CH₂OR₈, CH₂OC(0)R₉, CH₂OCO₂Ri₀, CH₂OC(0) RnRi₂, CH₂OP(0)(ORi₃)₂ or CH₂OS0₃Ri4 group,

- Ri and R₂ represent, independently from one another, a fluorine atom or an OSiR^a2R^b2R^c2, ORis, OC(0)R₁₆, OC0₂Ri₇, OC(0) Ri₈Ri₉, OP(O)(OR₂₀)₂ or

OS0₃R₂i group,

- R₃ represents a fluorine atom or an OSiR^a3R^b3R^c3, OR₂₂, OC(0)R₂₃, OC0₂R₂₄, OCO R₂₅R₂₆, OP(0)(OR₂₇)₂, OS0₃R₂₈, N₃, phtalimidyl, R₂₉R₃₀, R₃iC(0)R₃₂, R₃₃C(0)OR₃₄, N(C(0)R₃₅)C(0)R₃₆, N(C(0)R₃₇)C(0)OR₃₈ and N(C(0)OR₃₉)C(0)OR4o group,

- R4 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or an OSiR^a4R^b4R^c4, OR^, OC(0)R₄₂, OC0₂R₄₃, OCO R₄₄R₄₅, OP(0)(OR₄₆)₂, or OS0₃R₄₇ group, or R and Ri, together with the carbon atoms carrying them, form a cyclic acetal havin the following formula:

and/or (Ri and R₂), (R₂ and R₃), and/or (R₃ and R₄), together with the carbon atoms carr ing them, form a cyclic acetal having the following formula:

R₅ represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a R48, OR49 or R50R51 group,:

5 representing:

- a hydrogen atom,

- a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7- membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-aryl or (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-heteroaryl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO; preferably a (d-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂- C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci-C₆)alkylgroup, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO,

- a C(0)R₅₂ group, or

- a C(0)OR₅₃ group,

R₇ representing:

- a hydrogen atom,

- a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7- membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-aryl or (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-heteroaryl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO; preferably a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂- C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl, group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO,

- a C(0)R₅₂ group,

- a C(0)OR₅3 group, or

- a N-protecting group,

R-8, Ri5, R22 and R41 representing, independently from one another, a hydrogen atom, a O-protecting group or a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C2-C₆)alkenyl, (C2-C₆)alkynyl, (C3- C7)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl, (Ci-Ce)-alkyl-aryl, (Ci-C6)-alkyl-heteroaryl, saccharidic or polysaccharidic group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO; and in particular a hydrogen atom, a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl-(Ci-Ce)alkyl, saccharidic or polysaccharidic group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO,

R₉, Rio, Ri6, Ri7, R23, R24, R32, R34 to R40, R42, R43, R48, R52 and R53 representing, independently from one another, a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C2-C₆)alkenyl, (C2-C₆)alkynyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl, (Ci-Ce)-alkyl-aryl or (Ci-C6)-alkyl-heteroaryl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO; and in particular a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-Ce)alkyl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO,

R11, R12, Ri8, Ri9, R25, R26, R29 to R31, R33, R44, R45, R50 and R51 representing, independently from one another, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C2- C₆)alkenyl, (C2-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci-Ce)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, (Ci-Ce)-alkyl-aryl or (Ci-C6)-alkyl-heteroaryl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO; advantageously a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C2- C₆)alkenyl, (C2-C₆)alkynyl, aryl-(Ci-Ce)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci-C6)alkylgroup, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO; and in particular a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO,

^■ Ri3, Ri4, R20, R21, R27, R28, R46 and R47 representing, independently from one another, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C₆)alkyl group,

■ R49 representing:

- a hydrogen atom,

- a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7- membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-aryl or (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-heteroaryl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among an halogen atom,

OH, COOH and CHO, or

- a O-protecting group,

^■ R^al to R^a4, R^bl to R^M and R^cl to R^c4 representing, independently from one another, a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl group, and

■ R^d and R^e representing, independently from one another, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci- C₆)alkyl group.

For the purpose of the invention, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable" is intended to mean what is useful to the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition, and what is generally safe and non toxic, for a pharmaceutical use.

The term « pharmaceutically acceptable salt » i s intended to mean, in the framework of the present invention, a salt of a compound which is pharmaceutically acceptable, as defined above, and which possesses the pharmacological activity of the corresponding compound. Such salts comprise:

(1) hydrates and solvates,

(2) acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric and phosphoric acid and the like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic, benzenesulfonic, fumaric, glucoheptonic, gluconic, glutamic, glycolic, hydroxynaphtoic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, muconic, 2-naphtalenesulfonic, propionic, succinic, dibenzoyl-L- tartaric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic, trimethylacetic, and trifluoroacetic acid and the like, and (3) salts formed when an acid proton present in the compound is either replaced by a metal ion, such as an alkali metal ion, an alkaline-earth metal ion, or an aluminium ion; or coordinated with an organic or inorganic base. Acceptable organic bases comprise diethanolamine, ethanolamine, N-methylglucamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine and the like. Acceptable inorganic bases comprise aluminium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide.

For the purpose of this invention, "tautomer" is intended to designate the various tautomer forms that the sugar of compound (I) may assume, namely a pyranose (6- membered ring), furanose (5-membered ring) or linear (open form) form.

However, the compounds of the invention can assume various tautomer forms only when the radical R4 represents an OH group, Ri having also to represent an OH group in order that the compounds of the invention can be in the furanose form.

Thus, for example, in the galactose series, the compounds of the invention might a ear under the following various forms:

Furanoses

The anomeric carbon can appear in two different configurations in the closed pyranose and furanose forms.

The compounds of the invention can assume different tautomer forms which can be present in solution in equilibrium, with optionally a major tautomer form relatively to the other(s) tautomer form(s), or the compounds of the invention can assume only one tautomer form, such as only a furanose form, in some cases. In this last case where the sugar assumes only one tautomer form, it is possible to block the configuration of the sugar in this tautomeric form when R4 = OH i s transformed, notably by substitution of the OH group or conversion in a hydrogen or halogen atom.

Within the meaning of this invention, "stereoisomers" is intended to designate diastereoisomers or enantiomers. These are therefore optical isomers. Stereoisomers which are not mirror images of one another are thus designated as "diastereoisomers", and stereoisomers which are non-superimposable mirror images are designated as "enantiomers".

Notably, the sugar moiety of the compounds of the invention can belong to the D or L series, and preferably to the D series.

A carbon atom bond to four non-identical substituents is called a "chiral centre".

An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers is called a racemate mixture.

The term "halogen" as used in the present invention refers to an atom of fluorine, bromine, chlorine or iodine. Advantageously, this is an atom of fluorine.

The term "(Ci-C₆)-alkyl" as used in the present invention refers to a saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl groups.

The term "(C₂-C₆)-alkenyl" as used in the present invention refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising at least one double bond and comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g., such as an ethenyl (vinyl) or propenyl group.

The term "(C₂-C₆)-alkynyl" as used in the present invention refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising at least one triple bond and comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g., such as an ethynyl or propynyl group.

The term "(C3-C7)-cycloalkyl" as used in the present invention refers to a saturated hydrocarbon ring comprising from 3 to 7, advantageously from 5 to 7, carbon atoms, in particular the cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl or cycloheptyl group.

The term "heterocycloalkyl" as used in the present invention refers to a saturated hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 7 members and containing one or more, advantageously one or two, heteroatoms, e.g., such as sulphur, nitrogen or oxygen atoms, e.g., such as the tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1 ,3-dioxolanyl group.

The term "aryl" as used in the present invention refers to an aromatic group preferably comprising from 5 to 10 carbon atoms and including one or more fused rings, e.g., such as a phenyl or naphtyl group. This is advantageously phenyl.

The term "heteroaryl" as used in the present invention refers to any aryl group as defined above wherein one or more carbon atoms have been replaced by one or more heteroatoms, advantageously 1 to 4, and even more advantageously 1 to 2, e.g., such as sulphur, nitrogen or oxygen atoms. Examples of heteroaryl groups are the furyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl or else indyl groups.

The term "aryl-(Ci-C₆)-alkyl" as used in the present invention refers to any aryl group as defined above, which is bound to the molecule by means of a (Ci-C₆)-alkyl group as defined above. In particular, a group such as this can be a benzyl group.

The term "heteroaryl-(Ci-C₆)-alkyl" as used in the present invention refers to mean a heteroaryl group as defined above, which is bound to the molecule by means of a (Ci-C₆)-alkyl group as defined above.

The term "(Ci-C₆)-alkyl-aryl" as used in the present invention refers to a (Ci- C₆)-alkyl group as defined above, which is bound to the molecule by means of an aryl group as defined above. In particular, a group such as this can be a methylphenyl group.

The term "(Ci-C₆)-alkyl-heteroaryl" as used in the present invention refers to a (Ci-C₆)-alkyl group as defined above, which is bound to the molecule by means of a heteroaryl group as defined above.

The term "N-protecting group" as used in the present invention refers to those groups intended to protect an amino group against undesirable reactions during synthetic procedures. Commonly used N-protecting groups are disclosed in Greene, "Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis", (John Wiley & Sons, New York (1981)). N- protecting groups comprise carbamates, amides, N-alkyl derivatives, amino acetal derivatives, N-benzyl derivatives, imine derivatives, enamine derivatives and N- heteroatom derivatives. In particular, N-protecting groups include formyl, acetyl, benzoyl, pivaloyl, phenylsulfonyl, benzyl (Bn), t-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), trichloroethoxycarbonyl (TROC), allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc), fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (FMOC), and the like. In particular, it will be a t- butyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl or fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl group.

The term "O-Protecting group" as used in the present invention refers to a substituent which protects hydroxyl groups against undesirable reactions during synthetic procedures such as those O-protecting groups disclosed in Greene, "Protective Groups In Organic synthesis", (John Wiley & Sons, New York (1981)). O-protecting groups comprise (Ci-C₆)alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, tert-butyl; substituted methyl ethers, for example, methoxymethyl (MOM), benzyloxymethyl, 2- methoxyethoxymethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl) ethoxymethyl, benzyl and triphenylmethyl; tetrahydropyranyl ethers; substituted ethyl ethers, for example, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl; and silyl ethers, for example, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) and t- butyldiphenylsilyl. In particular, it will be a benzyl or methoxymethyl group.

The term "saccharide" as used in the present invention refers to erythrose, threose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose, erythrulose, ribulose, xylulose, psicose, fructose, sorbose or tagatose, in D or L form.

The term "saccharidic group" as used in the present invention refers to a saccharide as defined above bond to the molecule by means of its oxygen atom present at the anomeric centre.

The term "polysaccharide" as used in the present invention refers to a chain comprising at least 2, and preferably 2 to 10 saccharides as defined above bound together by means of an oxygen bridge formed between the OH function at the anomeric position of a saccharide and the OH function not at the anomeric position of another saccharide.

The term "polysaccharidic group" as used in the present invention refers to a polysaccharide as defined above bond to the molecule by means of the oxygen atom present at the anomeric centre of the terminal saccharide.

The compounds of the invention are advantageously based on the following formulas (la) and (Ιβ):

with R, Ri, R₂, R₃, R4, R5, Z and Y as defined above.

R can represent a CH₂OSiR^alR^blR^cl, CH₂OR₈, CH₂OC(0)R₉, CH₂OCO₂Ri₀, CH₂OC(0) RnRi₂, CH₂OP(0)(ORi₃)₂ or CH₂OS0₃Ri₄ group, advantageously a CH₂OSiR^alR^blR^cl, CH₂OR₈ or CH₂OC(0)R₉ group, more advantageously a CH₂OR₈ or CH₂OC(0)R9 group, and even more advantageously a CH₂OR₈ group.

R can represent in particular a CH₂OR₈ group with R₈ representing a hydrogen atom, a O-protecting group or a (Ci-C6)-alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)-alkyl group; or a CH₂OC(0)R9 group with R₉ representing a (Ci-C₆)-alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)-alkyl group.

R can represent more particularly a CH₂OR₈ group with R₈ representing a hydrogen atom or a O-protecting group. For instance, R can represent a CH₂OH or CH₂OBn group.

Ri and R₂ can represent, independently from one another, an OSiR^a2R^b2R^c2,

OR15, OC(0)Ri6, OC0₂Ri7 or OC(0) Ri₈Ri₉ group, advantageously an OSiR^a2R^b2R^c2, OR15 or OC(0)Ri6 group, more advantageously an OR15 or OC(0)Ri₆ group, and even more advantageously an OR15 group.

Ri and R₂ can represent in particular, independently from one another, an OR15 group with R15 representing a hydrogen atom, a O-protecting group or a (Ci-C6)-alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-Ce)-alkyl group; or an OC(0)Ri₆ group Ri₆ representing a (Ci-C₆)- alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)-alkyl group.

Ri and R₂ can represent more particularly, independently from one another, an OR15 group with R15 representing a hydrogen atom or a O-protecting group. For instance, Ri and R₂ can represent an OH or OBn group.

Preferably, Ri and R₂ are identical, and represent notably an OH or OBn group. In particular, R represents a CH₂OR₈ group and Ri and R₂ represent, independentl y from one another, an OR15 group, R₈ and R15 representing advantageously a hydrogen atom or an O-protecting group. R₈ and the two R15 can be identical, such as H or an O-protecting group.

According to another particular embodiment, R = CH₂OH and Ri = R₂ = OH or

R = CH₂OBn and Ri = R₂ = OBn.

According to a first embodiment, R₃ represent an OSiR^a3R^b3R^c3, OR₂₂, OC(0)R₂₃, OC0₂R₂₄, OCO R₂₅R₂₆, R₂₉R₃₀, R₃iC(0)R₃₂, R₃₃C(0)OR₃₄, N(C(0)R₃₅)C(0)R₃₆, N(C(0)R₃₇)C(0)OR₃₈ or N(C(0)OR₃₉)C(0)OR4o group, advantageously an OSiR^a3R^b3R^c3, OR₂₂, OC(0)R₂₃, R₂₉R₃₀, R₃iC(0)R₃₂ or R₃₃C(0)OR₃₄ group, more advantageously an OR₂₂, OC(0)R₂₃ or R₃iC(0)R₃₂ group, and even more advantageously an OR₂₂ or R₃iC(0)R₃₂ group.

R₃ can represent in particular an OR₂₂ group with R₂₂ representing a hydrogen atom, a O-protecting group or a (Ci-C₆)-alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C₆)-alkyl group; an OC(0)R₂₃ group with R₂₃ representing a (Ci-C₆)-alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C₆)-alkyl group; or a R₃iC(0)R₃₂ group with R₃i representing a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C₆)-alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C₆)-alkyl group and R₃₂ representing a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl group.

R₃ can represent more particularly an OR₂₂ group with R₂₂ representing a hydrogen atom or a O-protecting group; or a NR₃iC(0)R₃₂ group with R₃i representing a hydrogen atom and R₃₂ representing a (Ci-C₆)alkyl. For instance, R₃ can represent an OH, OBn, OMOM or HAc group.

According to a second embodiment R₃ can represent an OSiR^a3R^b3R^c3, OR₂₂, OC(0)R₂₃, OC0₂R₂₄ or OCO R₂₅R₂₆ group, advantageously an OSiR^a3R^b3R^c3, OR₂₂ or OC(0)R₂₃ group, more advantageously an OR₂₂ or OC(0)R₂₃ group, and even more advantageously an OR₂₂ group.

R₃ can represent in particular an OR₂₂ group with R₂₂ representing a hydrogen atom, a O-protecting group or a (Ci-C₆)-alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C₆)-alkyl group; or an OC(0)R₂₃ group R₂₃ with representing a (Ci-C₆)-alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C₆)-alkyl group. R-3 can represent more particularly an OR22 group with R₂₂ representing a hydrogen atom or a O-protecting group. For instance, R3 can represent an OH, OBn or OMOM group.

According to a particular embodiment, Ri, R₂ and R3 are identical.

According to another particular embodiment, R represents a CH₂OR₈ group; Ri and R₂ represent, independently from one another, an OR15 group; and R3 represents an OR₂₂ group, R₈, Ri5 and R₂₂ representing advantageously a hydrogen atom or an O- protecting group. R₈ and the two R15 can be identical, such as H or an O-protecting group. R₈, the two R15 and R₂₂ can also be identical, such as H or an O-protecting group.

According to another particular embodiment, R = CH₂OH, Ri = R₂ = OH or Ri =

R₂ = R₃ = OH.

R4 can advantageously represent a hydrogen or halogen atom or an OR41 group, and in particular a hydrogen atom or an OR41 group.

Yet even more advantageously, R4 may represent a hydrogen or halogen atom or an OH, O-protecting, -0-(Ci-Ce)-alkyl, -O-aiyl and -0-(Ci-C6)-alkyl-aryl group, and in particular, a hydrogen atom or an OH, O-protecting, -0-(Ci-C6)-alkyl, -O-aryl and -O- (Ci-C6)-alkyl-aryl group.

R4 can also represent a hydrogen or halogen atom or an OH, -0-(Ci-C6)-alkyl, -O-aryl and -0-(Ci-C6)-alkyl-aryl group, and in particular, a hydrogen atom or an OH, -0-(Ci-C₆)-alkyl, -O-aryl and -0-(Ci-C₆)-alkyl-aryl group.

In particular, R4 can represent a hydrogen or halogen (such as Br, CI, F) atom or an OH or O-protecting group, and advantageously, a hydrogen atom or an OH or O- protecting group, such as H, OH or OBn.

R4 can also represent a hydrogen or halogen (such as Br, CI, F) atom or an OH group, such as H or OH.

According to a particular embodiment, R4 represents a hydrogen atom.

According to a first embodiment, Y represents a N0₂ or ReR₇ group, and notably a NReR₇ group, with 5 and R₇ as defined previously and notably with 5 representing a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C6)alkyl group and R₇ representing:

- a hydrogen atom, - a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl group; in particular a (Ci-Ce)alkyl or aryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl group,

- a C(0)R₅₂ group, with R₅₂ as defined above and representing in particular a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl group,

- a C(0)OR₅3 group, with R₅₃ as defined above and representing in particular a

(Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl group, or

- a N-protecting group.

According to a second embodiment, Y represents a CN or CH₂NR₅R₇ group, and notably a CH₂NR₅R₇ group, with 5 and R₇ as defined previously and notably with 5 representing a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C6)alkyl group and R₇ representing:

- a hydrogen atom,

- a (Ci-C6)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl group; in particular a (Ci-C₆)alkyl or aryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl group,

- a C(0)R₅2 group, with R₅₂ as defined above and representing in particular a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl group,

- a C(0)OR₅₃ group, with R₅₃ as defined above and representing in particular a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl group, or

- a N-protecting group. R₅ represents advantageously an OR49 group, with R49 as defined previously and advantageously representing a hydrogen atom, a (Ci-C₆)alkyl group or a O-protecting group.

According to a particular embodiment (compounds of formula (1-1)), Y represents a NReR₇ or CH₂NR₆R₇ group, and notably a NReR₇ group, and R₅ represents an OR49 group, with:

- 5 and R₇ representing each a hydrogen atom and R49 representing a O- protecting group such as a (Ci-C₆)alkyl group, or

- R49 and 5 representing each a hydrogen atom and R₇ representing a N- protecting group such as a Boc, Cbz or FMOC group.

In this case, R represents preferably a CH₂OR₈ group with R₈ representing a O- protecting group; Ri and R2 represent preferably, independently from one another, an ORi₅ group with Ri₅ representing a O-protecting group; and R₃ represents preferably an OR₂₂ group with R₂₂ representing a O-protecting group or a R₃iC(0)R₃₂ group with R₃i representing a hydrogen atom and R₃₂ representing a (Ci-Ce)alkyl, and notably R₃ represents an OR₂₂ group.

R₄ can represent a hydrogen atom or an OR₄₁ group with R₄₁ representing a O- protecting group, and notably R₄ can represent a hydrogen atom.

According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula (I) can be chosen among:

The present invention relates also to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) as defined above with Z = H, comprising the following successive steps: i) dehydration of a compound of formula (II):

in which R, Ri, R₂, R₃, R4, R5 and Y are as defined above,

to give a compound of formula (III):

in which R, Ri, R₂, R₃, R4, R5 and Y are as defined above, and

ii) hydrogenation of the compound of formula (III) obtained in the previous step to give a compound of formula (I) with Z = H.

Step a):

This step can be carried out by transforming the hydroxy function in a leaving group such as a halogen atom, a sulfate (-OS(0)₂0-Ai), a sulfonate (-OS(O)O-Ai) or a carboxylate (-OC(O)-Ai), with Ai representing a (Ci-Ce)alkyl, aryl, (Ci-C₆)alkyl-aryl or aryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl group, said group being optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. Such a leaving group can be, for example, a mesylate (-OS0₂Me), a tosylate (-OS0₂-PhMe), a triflate (-OS0₂CF₃) or an acetate (-OC(0)CH₃).

The leaving group is then eliminated in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.

For instance, this step can be carried out in the presence of mesyl chloride (MsCl) and a base such as triethylamine.

The elimination step can also be carried out directly from the hydroxy function, i.e. without transforming it first in a leaving group, by reaction with Burgess' reactive or with Martins' persulfane. Step b):

This step can be carried out by hydrogenation methods well known to the person skilled in the art, notably in the presence of a hydride donor such as a borohydride, notably NaBH₄, or by a radical reaction in the presence of Bu₃SnH.

The compound thus obtained can be separated from the reaction medium by methods well known to the person skilled in the art, such as by extraction, evaporation of the solvent or by precipitation or crystallisation (followed by filtration).

The compound can be also purified if necessary by methods well known to the person skilled in the art, such as by recrystallisation, chromatography on a column of silica gel or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

According to a first embodiment of the invention, this process can be carried out with a compound of formula (Hal), which is a compound of formula (II) in which Y = N0₂. The compound of formula (Ial) obtained, i.e. a compound of formula (I) in which Z = H and Y = N0₂, can be then hydrogenated to give a compound of formula (Ibl), i.e. a compound of formula (I) in which Z = H and Y = NH₂. Compounds of formula (Icl), i.e. compounds of formula (I) in which Z = H and Y = ReR-7, at least R₆ or R₇ being not a hydrogen atom, are then obtained by substitution of the amino group of a compound of formula (Ibl).

According to a second embodiment of the invention, this process can be carried out with a compound of formula (IIa2), which is a compound of formula (II) in which Y = CN. The compound of formula (Ia2) obtained, i.e. a compound of formula (I) in which Z = H and Y = CN, can be then hydrogenated or reduced to give a compound of formula (Ib2), i.e. a compound of formula (I) in which Z = H and Y = CH₂NH₂. However, the compound of formula (Ib2) can be also obtained directly in one step from the compound of formula (IIIa2), corresponding to a compound of formula (III) in which Z = H and Y = CN. Compounds of formula (Ic2), i.e. compounds of formula (I) in which Z = H and Y = CH₂NR₆R₇, at least R₆ or R₇ being not a hydrogen atom, are then obtained by substitution of the amino group of a compound of formula (Ib2). Thus, according to a particular embodiment, the process comprises the following successive steps:

al) dehydration of a compound of formula (Ila) corresponding to a compound of formula (II) in which Y = N0₂ or CN to give a compound of formula (Ilia) corresponding to a compound of formula (III) in which Y = N0₂ or

CN,

bl) reduction of the compound of formula (Ilia) obtained in the previous step to give a compound of formula (la) corresponding to a compound of formula (I) in which Z = H and Y = N0₂ or CN, or a compound of formula (lb) corresponding to a compound of formula (I) in which Z = H and Y = NH₂ or

CH₂NH₂,

cl) optionally reduction of the N0₂ or CN function of the compound of formula (la) obtained in the previous step to give a compound of formula (lb) as defined in step bl), and

dl) optionally substitution of the amino function of the compound of formula

(lb) obtained in the previous step to give a compound of formula (Ic) corresponding to a compound of formula (I) in which Z = H and Y = NReR₇ or CH₂NR₆R-7 respectively, with at least R₆ or R₇ being not a hydrogen atom. Step al): see step a).

It is to be noted that the compound of formula (Ila) can be obtained by reaction of a compound of formula

in which R, Ri, R₂, R₃ and R4 are as defined above and A₂ and A₃ represent, independently from one another, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-Ce)alkyl or aryl-(Ci-C6)- alkyl group,

with a compound of formula (V)

Y-CH₂-COR₅ (V) in which R₅ is as defined previously and Y = N0₂ or CN,

in the presence of a base such as HNEt₂.

This reaction is carried out in the Henry's conditions.

The compound of formula (IV) can be obtained by methods well known to the person skilled in the art (see for example the experimental part).

Preferably, R₅ represents a P S or OR49 group, with R48 and R49 as defined above but with the proviso that R49 is not a hydrogen atom.

Step bl): see step b).

Step cl):

This step can be carried out by methods well known to the person skilled in the art.

Notably, this step can be carried out under a hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, at an atmospheric pressure or at a higher pressure. The catalyst can be based on palladium, nickel or platinum, such as palladium on carbon (Pd/C), Raney's nickel or Pt0₂. The reaction can be carried out in the presence of an acid or a base to activate the catalyst.

The reduction of the nitro function can be carried out also in the presence of a borohydride, such as NaBH₄, and a salt of nickel, cobalt, palladium, tin, copper or lanthanide, e.g. NiCl₂, T1CI4, or CoCl₂.

Another method consists in the hydrogenation of the nitro function with hydrogen formed in situ by the action of an acid, such as HC1, AcOH, Me₃SiCl, CF₃COOH or HC0₂H, on a metal chosen among zinc, tin and iron.

The nitro function can also be reduced in an oxime (=N-OH) which is then reduced in an amino group. This method is well known to the person skilled in the art.

The reduction of the nitro functionality into an oxime group can be obtained in the presence of a metal salt such as a tin salt (e.g. SnCl₂ or Sn(Ph)₂), associated or not to Et₃N / PhSH or TMSPhSH / Et₃N. NaN0₂ can also be used in the presence of a proton source such as CH₃COOH or H₂0 in DMSO to reduce the nitro function. These reactions can be carried out at a temperature between 65 and 100°C.

The oxime can then be reduced into an amino function under a hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, at an atmospheric pressure or at a higher pressure. The catalyst can be based on palladium, nickel, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium or iridium, such as palladium on carbon (Pd/C), Pd(OH)₂, Pd on graphite, Raney's nickel, Pt0₂, RuCl₃ or IrCl₃. The reaction can be carried out in the presence of an acid or a base to activate the catalyst.

This reduction can also be carried out in the presence of an aluminum amalgam prepared from aluminum and HgCl₂. The oxime can also be reduced with hydrogen formed in situ by the action of an acid on a metal. Hydrides can also be used, such as NaBH₄ or LiAlH₄.

All these methods are well known to the person skilled in the art. However, other methods known to the person skilled in the art can be used.

Step dl):

The substitution of the amino function can be carried out by methods well known to the person skilled in the art.

The compound thus obtained can be separated from the reaction medium by methods well known to the person skilled in the art, such as by extraction, evaporation of the solvent or by precipitation or crystallisation (followed by filtration).

The compound can also be purified if necessary by methods well known to the person skilled in the art, such as by recrystallisation, chromatography on a column of silica gel or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

The present invention relates also to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) as defined above with Z = CH₃, comprising the following successive steps: i) reaction of a compound of formula (VII):

(VII)

in which R, Ri, R₂, R₃ and R^ are as defined above,

with a compound of formula (V):

Y-CH₂-COR₅ (V)

in which R₅ is as defined previously and Y = N0₂ or CN, a compound of formula (VIII):

(VIII)

ii) in which R, Ri, R₂, R₃, R4 and R₅ are as defined above and Y = N0₂ or CN,optionally reduction of the compound of formula (VIII) obtained in the previous step i) to give a compound of formula (I) with Z = CH₃ and Y = N0₂ or

CN,

iii) optionally reduction of the N0₂ or CN function of the compound of formula (I) obtained in the previous step ii) to give a compound of formula (I) with Z = CH₃ and Y = NH₂ or CH₂NH₂, and

iv) optionally substitution of the amino function of the compound of formula (I) obtained in the previous step iii) to give a compound of formula (I) with Z = CH₃ and Y = NR5R7 or CH₂NReR7, with at least 5 or R₇ being not a hydrogen atom. Step i):

This reaction can be carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid such as T1CI4 and a base such as N-methyl-morpholine (NMM). Tetrahydrofurane, dichloromethane or a mixture thereof can be used as solvent.

The compounds of formula (VII) can be prepared as described in the experimental part below.

Step ii): see step bl).

Step iii): see step cl).

Step iv): see step dl). The compound thus obtained can be separated from the reaction medium by methods well known to the person skilled in the art, such as by extraction, evaporation of the solvent or by precipitation or crystallisation (followed by filtration). The compound can be also purified if necessary by methods well known to the person skilled in the art, such as by recrystallisation, chromatography on a column of silica gel or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). If the two processes described above, to prepare compounds of formula (I) with

Z = H or CH₃ respectively, are carried out from a compound of formula (II) or (VII) with R₅ representing a OR₄₉ group, with R₄₉ as defined above but with the proviso that R₄₉ is not a hydrogen atom, a final compound of formula (I) with R₅ = H or OH can be obtained by reduction or deprotection of the OR₄₉ group in conditions well known to the person skilled in the art.

The OH can thus be halogenated to give access to compounds of formula (I) with R₅ representing a halogen atom, in conditions well known to the person skilled in the art.

Compounds of formula (I) with R₅ representing a NR₅₀R₅₁ group can be obtained by methods well known to the person skilled in the arts from a compound of formula (I) with R₅ = OH, notably by a peptide coupling.

It is to be noted moreover that the compound of formula (I) with Z = H can be obtained directly in one step from compound of formula (IV) and a compound of formula Y-CH₂-COR₅, by carrying out a cascade reaction of olefination and hydrogenation, such as described in Eur. J. org. Chem. 2008, 975.

In the synthesis of compounds of formula (I), R represents preferably a CH₂OR₈ group with R₈ representing a O-protecting group; Ri and R₂ represent preferably, independently from one another, an OR₁₅ group with R₁₅ representing a O-protecting group; and R₃ represents preferably an OR₂₂ group with R₂₂ representing a O-protecting group; or a R₃iC(0)R₃₂ group with R₃i representing a hydrogen atom and R₃₂ representing a (Ci-C₆)alkyl; and notably R₃ represents an OR₂₂ group. R₄ can represent a hydrogen atom or an OR₄₁ group with R₄₁ representing a O-protecting group, and notably R₄ represents a hydrogen atom. The present invention relates also to the use of a compound of formula (I) with Y = H₂ or CH₂ H₂, notably NH₂, and/or R₅ = OH, and in particular a compound of formula (1-1), i.e. a compound of formula (I) for which Y represents a R₆R-7 or CH2 R6R7 group, and notably a R6R7 group, and R₅ represents an OR49 group, with: - R5 and R₇ representing each a hydrogen atom and R49 representi ng a O- protecting group such as a (Ci-Ce)alkyl group, or

- R49 and 5 representing each a hydrogen atom and R₇ representing a N- protecting group such as a Boc or Cbz group,

in the synthesis of a peptide, in place of an amino acid such as a serine or a threonine.

The term "amino acid" as used in the present invention refers to natural a-amino acids (e.g. Alanine (Ala), Arginine (Arg), Asparagine (Asn), Aspartic acid (Asp), Cysteine (Cys), Glutamine (Gin), Glutamic acid (Glu), Glycine (Gly), Histidine (His), Isoleucine (He), Leucine (Leu), Lysine (Lys), Methionine (Met), Phenylalanine (Phe), Proline (Pro), Serine (Ser), Threonine (Thr), Tryptophan (Trp), Tyrosine (Tyr) and Valine (Val)) in the D or L form, as well as non-natural amino acid (e.g. β-alanine, allylglycine, tert-leucine, 3-amino-adipic acid, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminobutanoic acid, 4-amino-l-carboxymethyl piped dine, 1 -amino- 1-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid, 4-aminocyclohexaneacetic acid, 1 -amino- 1- cyclohexanecarboxyilic acid, (lR,2R)-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, (\R,2S)-2- aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, (l,S',2R)-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, (l,S',2₎S)-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4- aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, (lR,2R)-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid, (lR,2,S)-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxyilic acid, 1 -amino- 1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, 1 -amino- 1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 4-(2-aminoethoxy)-benzoic acid, 3- aminomethylbenzoic acid, 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid, 2-aminobutanoic acid, 4- aminobutanoic acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid, 1-aminoindane-l-carboxylic acid, 4- aminomethyl-phenylacetic acid, 4-aminophenylacetic acid, 3-amino-2-naphtoic acid, 4- aminophenylbutanoic acid, 4-amino-5-(3-indolyl)-pentanoic acid, (4R,5,S)-4-amino-5- methylheptanoic acid, (R)-4-amino-5-methylhexanoic acid, (R)-4-amino-6- methylthiohexanoic acid, (,S)-4-amino-pentanoic acid, (R)-4-amino-5-phenylpentanoic acid, 4-aminophenylpropionic acid, (R)-4-aminopimeric acid, (4R,5R)-4-amino-5- hyroxyhexanoic acid, (R)-4-amino-5-hydroxypentanoic acid, (R)-4-amino-5-(p- hydroxyphenyl)-pentanoic acid, 8-aminooctanoic acid, (2,S',4R)-4-amino-pyrrolidine-2- carboxylic acid, (2,S',4₎S)-4-amino-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, ( 2,S',4R)-4-benzyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, (S)-4,8-diaminooctanoic acid, tert-butylglycine acid, γ-carboxyglutamate, β-cyclohexylalanine, citrulline, 2,3-diamino propionic acid, hippuric acid, homocyclohexylalanine, moleucine, homophenylalanine, 4-hydroxyproline, indoline-2-carboxylic acid, isonipecotic acid, a-methyl-alanine, nicopetic acid, norleucine, norvaline, octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid, ornithine, penicillamine, phenylglycine, 4-phenyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, pipecolic acid, propargylglycine, 3-pyridinylalanine, 4-pyridinylalanine, l-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, sarcosine, statines, tetrahydroisoquinoline-l-carboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, or tranexamic acid). Preferably, it will be a natural or non-natural a-amino acid and preferably a natural a-amino acid.

The term "peptide" as used in the present invention refers to a chain comprising at least 2, and notably 2 to 30, amino acids as defined above (and preferably natural a- amino acid) bound together by means of peptide bounds (i.e. amide function). It can be in particular an oligopeptide having in particular 2 to 20 amino acids.

The synthesis of the peptide will be carried out by classical methods well known to the person skilled in the art, using notably steps of protection / deprotection and peptide coupling.

The peptide can notably be an oligopeptide comprising 2 to 20 amino acids.

The present invention concerns also a peptide of formula (VI) in which at least one amino acid, such as a serine or a threonine, has been replaced with a compound of formula (I) in which Y = HR₇ or CH₂ HR₇, and notably HR₇, and/or R₅ = OH, and in particular with Y = H₂ or CH₂ H₂, and notably H₂, and R₅ = OH, the Y and/or R₅ group being linked to an amino acid of the peptide by means of peptide bond (i.e. an amide bond).

This means that the hydrogen of the NHR₇ or CH₂ HR₇ moiety of Y is replaced by a bond with a C(=0) moiety derived from the acid function of an amino acid, and/or the OH moiety of R₅ is replaced by a bond with a nitrogen derived from the amino function of another amino acid.

The groups R, Ri, R₂, R3 and R4 of the compound of formula (I) are moreover as defined previously.

The peptide can notably be an oligopeptide comprising 2 to 20 amino acids. It can be chosen notably among the following oligopeptides:

21

PCT/EP2011/073822

30

The invention relates also to a peptide (VI) as defined previously for use as medicament, notably for the treatment or the prevention of viral, bacterial or inflammatory diseases.

The invention concerns also the use of a peptide (VI) in the manufacture of a medicament, intended notably for the treatment or the prevention of viral, bacterial or inflammatory diseases.

More specifically, the invention concerns al so a method for treating or preventing viral, bacterial or inflammatory diseases comprising the administration to a person in need thereof of a sufficient quantity of a peptide (VI).

The invention concerns also a method for cosmetic treatment comprising the administration to a person in need thereof of a sufficient quantity of a peptide (VI).

The invention relates also to a peptide (VI) as defined previously for use as cancer vaccine.

The invention concerns also the use of a peptide (VI) in the manufacture of a medicament, intended notably for use as cancer vaccine.

More specifically, the invention concerns also a method for preventing cancer comprising the administration to a person in need thereof of a sufficient quantity of a peptide (VI).

Indeed, the compound of formula (I) integrated in the peptide (VI) represents a mimic of antigen Tn.

In this case, advantageously R = CH₂OH and Ri = R₂ = OH. R4 can also represent advantageously a hydrogen atom. R₃ will be in particular an OH or NHAc group, preferably a NHAc group.

Advantageously, the Y group of the compound of formula (I) integrated in the peptide (VI) will be a NH₂ group not bound to another amino acid of the peptide (VI). The cancer in question can be in particular breast, lung, prostate or colon cancer.

The present invention relates thus also to the use of a compound of formula (I) according to the present invention as a mimic of antigen Tn.

In this case, advantageously R = CH₂OH and Ri = R₂ = OH. R4 can also represent advantageously a hydrogen atom. R₃ will be in particular an OH or NHAc group, preferably a NHAc group. Advantageously, Y will represent a NH₂ group.

The present invention relates also to pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions comprising at least one peptide (VI) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Said pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be a hapten, a protein, a chemical scaffold or a carrier matrix.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be intended to oral, sublingual, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, transdermal, local or rectal administration. The active ingredient can be admini stered in unit forms for administration, mixed with conventional pharmaceutical carriers, to animals or to humans. Suitable unit forms for administration compri se the form s for oral administration, such as tablets, gelatin capsules, powders, granules and oral solutions or suspensions, the forms for sublingual and buccal administration, the forms for subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intranasal or intraoccular administration and the forms for rectal administration.

The cosmetic compositions of the invention can be intended to oral, sublingual, cutaneous, topical, transdermal or local administration. The active ingredient can be administered in unit forms for administration, mixed with conventional pharmaceutical carriers, to animals or to humans. Suitable unit forms for administration comprise the forms for oral administration, such as tablets, gelatin capsules, powders, granules and oral solutions or suspensions, the forms for sublingual and buccal administration, the forms for topical, cutaneous, transdermal or local administration. When a solid composition is prepared in the form of tablets, the main active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical vehicle such as gelatin, starch, lactose, magnesium stearate, talc, gum arabic and the like. The tablets may be coated with sucrose or with other suitable materials, or they may be treated in such a way that they have a prolonged or delayed activity and they continuously release a predetermined amount of active principle.

A preparation in gelatin capsules is obtained by mixing the active ingredient with a diluent and pouring the mixture obtained into soft or hard gelatin capsules.

A preparation in the form of syrup or elixir may contain the active ingredient together with a sweetener, an antiseptic, or also a taste enhancer or a suitable coloring agent.

The water-dispersible powders or granules may contain the active ingredient mixed with dispersing agents or wetting agents, or suspending agents, and with flavor correctors or sweeteners.

For rectal administration, suppositories are used which are prepared with binders which melt at rectal temperature, for example cocoa butter or polyethylene glycols.

For parenteral, intranasal or intraoccular administration, aqueous suspensions, isotonic saline solutions or sterile and injectable solutions which contain pharmacologically compatible dispersing agents and/or wetting agents are used.

The active principle may also be formulated in the form of microcapsules, optionally with one or more carrier additives.

The compounds of the invention can be used in a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition at a dose ranging from 0.01 mg to 1000 mg a day, administered in only one dose once a day or in several doses along the day, for example twice a day. The daily administered dose is advantageously comprises between 5 mg and 500 mg, and more advantageously between 10 mg and 200 mg. However, it can be necessary to use doses out of these ranges, which could be noticed by the person skilled in the art.

The present invention relates also to the use of a peptide (VI) in the preservation of biological materials, such as cells, tissues and organs, notably below 37°C, such as below 0°C, notably for the cryopreservation of biological materials (human organs or tissues (e.g. for transplant) or cells), and the preservation of food.

The present invention relates also to the cosmetic use of a peptide (VI), especially its cosmetic use in anti-aging applications. Indeed the study of fish present in the iced water of the polar area shown that they resist to temperatures below 0°C because of the presence in their blood and in their organism of particular proteins protecting them against frost (Chem. Rev. 1996, 16, 2).

These proteins are called anti-freeze glycoprotein (AFGP), they contain a repetitive moiety consisting of a glycosylated peptide containing 3 amino acids (threonine - alanine or proline - alanine) and can have the following structure:

n=4-55

In this case, the peptide will advantageously respond to the following formula and in articular (IXa):

in which R, Ri, R₂, R3, R4 and Z are as defined above (including the preferred embodiments), R54 represents a hydrogen atom or a N-protecting group such as Cbz and R55 represents a hydrogen atom or an O-protecting group such as Bn.

Advantageously, R = CH₂OH, Ri = R₂ = R₃ = OH and R₄ = H or OH. R₅₄ and R55 each represent advantageously a hydrogen atom. Z can be also a hydrogen atom.

It will be in particular a peptide chosen from examples VI- 1 to VI- 12. Examples of such compound preparations of the present invention, as well as results of their biological activity are described below for non-limiting and illustrative purposes. FIGURES

Figures la to 6b represent mass spectra (ESI+) of the following compounds:

- figure la: compound Adl without β-Galactosidase,

- figure lb: compound Adl with β-Galactosidase,

- figure 2a: compound Ad2 without β-Galactosidase,

- figure 2b: compound Ad2 with β-Galactosidase,

- figure 3a: compound Cdl without a-Galactosidase,

- figure 3b: compound Cdl with a-Galactosidase,

- figure 4a: compound Cd2 without a-Galactosidase,

- figure 4b: compound Cd2 with a-Galactosidase,

- figure 5a: compound Ddl without a-Galactosidase,

- figure 5b: compound Ddl with a-Galactosidase,

- figure 6a: compound Dd2 without α-Galactosidase, and

- figure 6b: compound Dd2 with a-Galactosidase.

Figure 7 represents the evolution of the percentage of fibroblast viability for 7 days after serum deprivation.

EXAMPLES I - Preparation of the compounds according to the invention

The features of the devices used to conduct analyses of all of the compounds described in this application are indicated below:

The ¹⁹F NMR spectra were recorded on BRUKER DPX 300 and DPX 600 spectrometers. The internal reference used is fluorotrichloromethane (CFC1₃). Chemical shifts are expressed in parts per million (ppm) and coupling constants (J) in Hertz (Hz).

The following abbreviations were used: s for singlet, bs for a broad singlet, d for doublet, t for triplet, qdt for quartet, m for multiplet or massive, dd for doublet of doublets, etc.

The mass spectra were obtained on a spectrophotometer Micromass TOF-SPEC E 20 kV, a-cyano type, for MALDI ionization and JEOL AX500, 3 kV, Canon FAB JEOL, Xe, 4 kV, 10 μΑ limiting current, Gly- BA 50:50 for FAB ionization.

Separations via column chromatography are carried out under light pressure on Kieselgel 60 silica (230-400 Mesh, Merck).

Monitoring of reactions is performed by thin-layer chromatography (Kieselgel 60F-254-0.25-mm plates). The ratio of the migration distance of a compound on a given support to the migration distance of an eluent is called the retardation factor.

The compounds have been numbered by assigning the symbol a to the alpha derivatives and β to the beta derivatives, and when necessary by assigning the letter G to the galactose derivatives and the letter T to the talose derivatives. Synthesis of compound 2f$

To a cooled (-78°C) solution of compound lji (1.03g; 1.60mmol; leq.), synthesized according to Synlett 2005, 17, 2627-2630 and Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 757-759 - see also WO 2004/014928, WO 2007/125203 and WO 2007/125194, in anhydrous toluene (40 mL) was added a solution of diisobutylaluminium hydride (1.2 M in toluene; 2.00 mL; 2.40 mmol; 1.5eq.) and the resultant mixture was stirred for 1 h at this temperature. The reaction was then quenched with ethanol (10 mL) and the solution was warmed to -20°C for 10 min. A Rochelle's salt solution (20 %, 45 mL) was then added and the solution was vigorously stirred for 1 h. The reaction medium was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to give compound 2f$ (1.03g; yellow oil).

2β: C38H42F2O7 M=648.73g.mol^"1 Mass (ESI⁺): 666.51(M+H₂0); 671.43(M+Na)

Synthesis o compound 2(a)a

1(a) 2(a)a

To a cooled (-78°C) solution of compound l(a)a (0.112 g, 0.157 mmol, 1 eq), (synthesized according to Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 2477-2480 with the use of Al(OiPr)₃/ iPrOH in refluxing DCM for the reducing step, in anhydrous toluene (4.1 mL) was added a solution of diisobutylaluminium hydride (1.2 M in toluene; 0.211 mL; 0.253 mmol; 1.6eq.) and the resultant mixture was stirred for 1 h at this temperature. The reaction media was warmed to -20°C for 10 min and then quenched with ethanol (5 mL). A Rochelle's salt solution (20 %, 10 mL) was then added and the solution was vigorously stirred for lh. The reaction medium was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to give compound 2(a)a (0.1 OOg) which was used in the next step without any further purification.

2(a)a: C₄₃H44F₂07 M=710.80g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 728.20=[M+H₂O]⁺; 733.33=[M+Na]⁺ Synthesis of compound 2(b)

l(b) 2(b)

To a cooled (-78°C) solution of compound l(b)a (0.248 g, 0.404 mmol, 1 eq), synthesized according to Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 2477-2480 with the use of Al(OiPr)₃/ iPrOH in refluxing DCM for the reducing step, in anhydrous toluene (9 mL) was added a solution of diisobutylaluminium hydride (1 M in toluene; 0.600 mL; 0.605 mmol; 1.5 eq.) and the resultant mixture was stirred for 1 h at this temperature. The reaction medium was warmed to -20°C for 10 min and then quenched with ethanol (2 mL). A Rochelle's salt solution (20 %, 10 mL) was then added and the solution was vigorously stirred for 1 h. The reaction medium was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to give compound 2(b) (0.244 g) which was used in the next step without further purification.

2(b) : C₃₄H₄₂F₂0₈ M=616.69 g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 639.20[M+Na]⁺; 1255.07[2M+Na]⁺ Synthesis of compounds 3(b) and 3f$

2(b)a (R = MOM; R' = zPr) 3(b)a (R = MOM)

2f$ (R = Bn; R' = Et) 3J (R = Bn)

Compound 3β: Diethylamine (246 μΐ.; 2.39 mmol; 1.5 eq.) was added to a solution of compound 2f$ (1.03 g) and ethyl nitroacetate (264 μΐ.; 2.39 mmol; 1.5 eq.) in THF (5 mL) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 3h, then at 0°C, ethyl acetate (5 mL) and HC1 (0.5N, 5 mL) were added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to produce compound 3f$ (1.19 g; yellow oil). Compound 3f$ was used in the next step without further purification.

3J: C40H43F2NO10 M=735.77 g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 753.00(M+H₂O); 758.13(M+Na)

Compound 3(b) : This compound (145 mg) was prepared from compound 2(b) (244 mg) following the same procedure as for compound3f$.

3(b) C35H41F2NO11 M=689.70 g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 707.33(M+H₂O)

Synthesis of compounds 4(b) et 4f$

3(b) (R = MOM) 4(b) (R = MOM)

3β (R=Bn) 4J (R=Bn)

Compound 4β: To a chilled (0°C) solution of compound 3fi (1.19g) in THF (30 mL) was added mesyl chloride (377 μΐ.; 4.87 mmol) and triethylamine (684 μΐ.; 4.87 mmol). After stirring for 4 h, water was added (20 mL) and the mixture was extracted with Et₂0. The combined organic phase was dried (MgS0₄), filtered, and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 100/0 to 80/20) to give compound4f$ (0.50g; 0.70 mmol, yellow oil) as a diastereomeric mixture (50/50 ratio as measured by ¹⁹F MR).

4β: C40H41F2NO9 M=717.75 g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 735.33(M+H₂0); 740.33(M+Na)

Compound 4(b) : This compound (55 mg) was prepared from compound 3(b) (64 mg) following the same procedure as for compound 4β.

4(b) C35H39F2NO10 M=671.68 g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 689.13(M+H₂0)

Synthesis o compounds 5(b) and 5f$

4(b) (R=MOM) 5(b) (R=MOM)

4J (R=Bn) 5β (R=Bn)

Compound 5β: To a chilled (0°C) solution of compound 4f$ (3.90 g; 5.43 mmol) in THF (150 mL) and ethanol (150 mL) was added NaBH₄ (410 mg; 10.84 mmol; 2 eq.). The reaction mixture was quenched with HC1 2N and was extracted with Et₂0. The combined organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was then purified by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 95/5 to 60/40) to give compound 5f$ as a diastereomeric mixture (2.49 g; 3.46 mmol; yellow oil) with a yield of 64 %. The two diastereomers were present in a 50/50 ratio as measured by ¹⁹F NMR.

5β: C₄₀H₄₃F₂NO₉ M=719.77 g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 737.13(M+H₂0); 742.20(M+Na)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5 MHz) (with H coupled): -101.9/-103.7 (4 m, 2F); -107.1/-108.7 (4 m, 2F).

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5 MHz) (without H coupled): -102.5 (d, J=258 Hz, IF); -103.2 (d, J=258Hz, IF); -107.7 (d, J=258Hz, IF); -108.2 (d, J=258Hz, IF).

Compound 5(b)a: This compound (25 mg; 0.04 mmol; yellow oil) was prepared from compound 4(b) (53 mg) following the same procedure as for compound 5β.

5(b) C35H41F2NO10 M=673.70 g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 691.13(M+H₂0)

Synthesis o compounds 5(a)a and 5(b)a

2(a)a (R=R'=Bn) 5(a) (R=Bn)

2(b)a (R=MOM, R'=iPr) 5(b) (R=MOM)

Compound 5(a)a: To a mixture of compound 2a(a) (0.100 g, 0.142 mmol, 1 eq), L- proline (L-Pro) (0.5 eq) and Hantzsch ester (1.3 eq) in ethanol (1 ml) was added ethyl nitroacetate (1.5 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at 60°C. Ether (15 ml) was added and the organic phase was washed with water (3x10 ml), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was then purified by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyle acetate 97/3 to 40/60) to give compound 5(a)a (68.4 mg, n=0.095 mmol, yield 67%)

5(a) : C₄₀H₄₃F₂NO₉ M= 719.77 g/mol

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃) 282,5MHz (with H coupled): -96.7Λ98.5 (2F; 3m); -107.5/-108.7 (2F; 2m) MR¹⁹F (CDCI₃) 282.5 MHz (without H coupled): -97.2 (IF; d; J=260Hz); -97.9 (IF; d; J=260Hz); -108.1 (IF; d; J=257Hz); -108.2 (IF; d; J=257Hz);

Mass (ESI⁺): 742.20=[M+Na]⁺

Compound 5(b)a: This compound (3.55 g, 5.27 mmol, yield 47 %) was prepared from compound 2(b) (6.96 g, 11.29 mmol) following the same procedure as for compound 5(a)q.

Mass (ESI⁺): 691.13(M+H₂0) Synthesis of compounds 5(c)B

2β

Compound 5(ε)β: This compound (yield=43 %) was prepared from compound 2f$ (213 mg) and ethylcyanoacetate (52 μΐ., 0.49 mmol) following the same procedure as for compound 5(a)a

5(c)a: C₄₁H₄₃F₂NO₇ M=699.78 g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 700.29[M+H]⁺; 722.27[M+Na]⁺.

MR ¹⁹F (CDCI_3, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -103.3 (d, J=256Hz, IF, CF₂); -103.6 (d, J=256Hz, IF, CF₂); -107.1 (d, J=256Hz, IF, CF₂); -108.1 (d, J=256Hz, IF, CF₂).

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI_3, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -102.8/ -104.1 (4m, 2F, CF₂); -106.6/ -108.5 (3m, 2F, CF₂). Synthesis o compounds 6β_ f6Bdl+6 Bd2), 6(a)a and 6(b) (6(b)adl/6(b)ad2

5Ji_(R=Bn) 6Ji_(R=Bn)

5(a)a (R=Bn) 6(a)a (R=Bn)

5(b)a (R=MOM) 6(b)a (R=MOM)

Compound 6β: To a solution of compound 5f$ (1.53 g; 2.13 mmol) in THF (7 mL), water (10 mL) and acetic acid (10 mL), was added Zn dust (2.9 g; 44 mmol; 20 eq.). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and concentrated. A solution of H₄OH was added to adjust the pH of the aqueous layer to pH8, and the resultant aqueous layer was then extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was dried (MgS0₄), filtered, and concentrated. The crude mixture was purified by chromatography on silica gel (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 90/10 to 20/80) to give compounds 6β (6pdl/6pd2 (50/50)) (0.91 g; 1.32 mmol, yellow oil) 62 % yield. Each diastereomer (6βά1 and 6pd2) was obtained separately.

6Bdl+6 Bd2: C₄₀H₄₅F₂NO₇ M=689.78 g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 690.53(M+H)

MR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled):

6Bdl: -103.2/-104.2 (2m, IF); -104.2/ -105.2 (2m, IF).

6Bd2: -102.6/ -103.7 (2m, IF); -105.0/ -106.0 (2m, IF).

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled):

6Bdl: -103.8 (d, J=256Hz, IF); -104.7 (d, J=256Hz, IF).

6Bd2: -103.1 (d, J=255Hz, IF); -105.5 (d, J=255Hz, IF).

Compound 6(a)a: This compound (m= 44.9 mg, n=0.065 mmol, yield= 47 %) was prepared from compound 5(a)a (100 mg, 0.139 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 6β.

6(a)a: C40H45F2NO7 M= 689.78 g/mol

Mass (ESI⁺): 690.33=[M+H]⁺

Compound 6(b) . This compound was obtained as a mixture of diastereomer in a proportion 50/50 from compound 5(b)a (3.55 g, 5.27 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for 6f$. Each diastereomer has been isolated 6(b)adl (m = 1.03 g, n = 1.60 mmol, yield = 30 %) and 6(b)ad2 (m = 1.06 mg, n = 1.60 mmol, yield = 31 %).

6(b)adl/ 6(b)ad2: C₃5H43F₂N0₈ M= 643.71 g/mol

6(b) dl

Mass (ESI⁺): 644.5 [M+H]⁺, 666.5 [M+Na]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDC1₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -101.1 (IF; d; J=258Hz); -106.2 (IF; d; J=258Hz)

6(b) d2

Mass (ESI⁺): 644.5 [M+H]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDC1₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -99.4 (IF; d; J=256Hz); -106.1 (IF; d; J=256Hz)

Synthesis of compound 7β

5β 7β

To a solution of compound 5f$ (54 mg; 0.075 mmol) in ethanol, SnCl₂.2H₂0 (170 mg;

0.75 mmol; 10 eq.) was added. The mixture was then stirred for 24 h and concentrated.

The residue was then diluted in ethyl acetate and a solution of KOH (2M) was added.

The aqueous layer was further extracted with portions of ethyl acetate and the combined organic phase was washed with brine and water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by chromatography

(cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 90/10 to 40/60) to give compounds 7f$ in 56 % yield.

7β: C₄₀H₄₃F₂NO₈ M=703.77g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 721.47(M+H₂0); 726.46(M+Na)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDC1₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -100.0/ -101.0 (2m, IF); -103.8 /-104.6

(2m, IF).

NMR ¹⁹F (CDC1₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -100.5 (d, J=253Hz, IF); -104.2 (d, J=253Hz, IF). Synthesis o compounds 5β_ r8Bdl/8Bd2), 8(a)a and S(b) (8(b)adl/8(b)ad2)

6Bdl/6Bd2 (R=Bn) 8Bdl/8Bd2(R=Bn)

6(a)a (R=Bn) 8(a)a (R=Bn)

6(b)adl/6(b)ad2 (R=MOM) 8(b)adl/8(b)ad2 (R=MOM)

Compound 8β: To a chilled (0°C) solution of compound 6Bdl (810 mg; 1.18 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added benzyl chloroformate (420 μΐ.; 2.95 mmol; 2.5 eq.) and triethylamine (247 μΐ.; 1.77 mmol; 1.5 eq.). The resultant mixture was stirred for 12 h and thenextracted with ethyl acetate, washed with a saturated aqueous NaHC0₃ solution, dried (MgS0₄), filtered and evaporated. The crude residue was purified by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 90/10 to 40/60) to give compound 8Bdl (792 mg; 0.96 mmol) as a yellowish solid 81 % yield.

Compound 8Bd2 (773 mg; 0.94 mmol) in the form of yellow oil, was prepared following the same procedure but starting from compound 6Bd2 (718 mg; 1.04 mmol).

8Bdl+8 Bd2: C₄₈H₅₁F₂NO₉ M=823.92g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺):824.27(M+H); 841.47(M+H₂0); 846.47(M+Na)

MR ¹⁹F (CDC1₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled):

8Bdl: -102.0/ -103.0 (2m, IF); -103.5/ -104.6 (2m, IF).

8Bd2: -101.0/ -102.1 (2m, IF); -104.0/ -105.1 (2m, IF).

NMR ¹⁹F (CDC1₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled):

8Bdl: -102.5 (d, J=257Hz, IF); -104.1 (d, J=257Hz, IF).

8Bd2: -101.5 (d, J=258Hz, IF); -104.6 (d, J=258Hz, IF).

Compound 8(a)a: This compound (m= 27 mg, n = 0.033 mmol, yield = 52 %) was prepared from compound 6(a)a (44 mg, 0.064 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 8β.

S(a) C48H51F2NO9 M=823.92g.mol^"1

Masse (ESI⁺): 846.3 (M+Na); 862.3 (M+K) Compound 8(b)a: The compound 8(b)adl (m = 847 mg, n = 1.09 mmol, yield = 100 %) was prepared from compound 6(b)adl (700 mg, 1.09 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 8J$.

The compound 8(b)ad2 (m = 847 mg, n = 1.09 mmol, yield = 100 %) was prepared from compound 6(b)ad2 (700 mg, 1.09 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 8β.

8(b)adl/8(b)ad2: C₄₃H₄₉F₂NO₁₀ M=777.85 g.mol^"1

8(b)adl

Mass (ESI⁺): 778.4 [M+H]⁺; 795.4 [M+H₂0]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -100.5/-101.8 (IF; 2m); -104.9/-106.2 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -101. 1 (IF; d; J=258Hz); -105.6

(IF; d; J=258Hz)

8(b)ad2

Mass (ESI⁺): 778.3 [M+H]⁺, 795.4 [M+H₂0]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -98.0/-99.2 (IF; 2m); -106.2/-107.6 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -98.5 (IF; d; J=259Hz); -106.9 (IF; d; J=259Hz)

Synthesis o compounds 9β i9Bdl/9Bd2) and 9(b) (9(b)adl/9(b)ad2)

8Bdl/8Bd2 (R=Bn) 9Bdl/9Bd2 (R=Bn)

8(b)adl/8(b)ad2 (R=MOM) 9(b)adl/9(b)ad2 (R=MOM)

Compound 9β: To a solution of compound 8Bdl (800 mg; 0.97 mmol) in THF (30 mL) and water (1.7 mL) was added LiOH (70 mg; 2.91 mmol). The solution was stirred for 12 hours then quenched with IN HCl aqueous solution. The reaction mixture was then extracted with dichloromethane, dried over sulfate magnesium, filtered and evaporated to give compound 9Bdl (680 mg; 0.86 mmol, yellow oil) in89 % yield. Compound 9Bd2 (703 mg; 0.88 mmol) was prepared in 97 % yield from compound

8β Ι2 (750 mg; 0.91 mmol) following the same procedure as for compound 9Bdl.

9Bdl/9 Bd2: C46H47F2NO9 M=795.86 g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 796.04(M+H); 818.39(M+Na)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled):

9Bdl: -98.3/ -99.3 (2m, IF); -100.4/ -101.4 (2m, IF).

9Bd2: -100.0/ -101.3 (2m, IF); -103.4/ -104.7 (2m, IF).

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled):

9Bdl: -98.8 (d, J=262Hz, IF); -100.9 (d, J=262Hz, IF).

9Bd2: -100.8 (d, J=259Hz, IF); -104.0 (d, J=259Hz, IF).

Compound 9(b) : The compound 9(b)adl (m = 818 mg, n =1.09 mmol, yield= 100 %) was prepared from compound 8(b)adl (847 mg, 1.09 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 9Bdl.

The compound 9(b)ad2 (m = 818 mg, n = 1.09 mmol, yield= 100 %) was prepared from compound 8(b)ad2 (847 mg, 1.09 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound9Bdl.

9(b)adl/9(b)ad2: C41H45F2NO10 M=749.79g.mol^"1

9(b)adl

Mass (ESI⁺): 750.3 [M+H]⁺, 767.3 [M+H₂0]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -99.9/-101.1 (IF; 2m); -103.6/-105.0 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -100.4 (IF; d; J=258Hz); -104.2

(IF; d; J=258Hz)

9(b)ad2

Mass (ESI⁺): 750.3 [M+H]⁺, 767.3 [M+H₂0]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -96.5Λ97.7 (IF; 2 m); -105.6/-107.0 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -97.1 (IF; d; J=261Hz); -106.3 (IF; d; J=261Hz)

Synthesis of compounds lO flOBdl/10Bd2) and 10(b)a q0(b)adl/10(b)ad2)

a. CF₃C0₂-+₃HN-Ala-Ala-OBn; PyBOP/NMM; DMF

9Bdl/9Bd2 (R=Bn) 10Bdl/10Bd2 (R=Bn)

9(b)adl/9(b)ad2 (R=MOM) 10(b)adl/10(b¼d2 (R=MOM)

Compound 10β: To a solution of compound 9Bdl (672 mg; 0.85 mmol) in DMF (9 mL) was added CF₃COO^{" +}H₃NAlaAlaOBn (340 mg; 1.10 mmol), PyBOP (953 mg; 1.83 mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (284 μΐ_^; 2.58 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 48 h. Brine was then added and the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with an aqueous acid citric (10 %) solution, water and aqueous NaHC0₃ (5 %) solution. The organic layer was then dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The crude residue was purified by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 90/10 to 40/60) to give compound lOBdl (630 mg; 0.61 mmol), in 72 % yield as a yellowish oil.

Compound 10Bd2 (594 mg; 0.58 mmol) was prepared from compound 9Bd2 (686 mg;

0.86 mmol) in 67 % yield as a white solid, following the same procedure as for compound lOBdl.

lOgdllO : C₅9H₆₃F₂N₃Oii M=1028.14g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 1028.19(M+H); 1050.44(M+Na)

MR ¹⁹F (CDC1₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled):

lOBdl: -101.4/ -102.3 (2m, IF); -102.4/ -103.5 (2m, IF).

10Bd2: -98.5/ -99.5 (2m, IF); -102.9/ -104.0 (2m, IF).

MR¹⁹F (CDC1₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled):

lOBdl: -102.0 (d, J=258Hz, IF); -103.0 (d, J=258Hz, IF).

9Bd2: -99.0 (d, J=258Hz, IF); -103.4 (d, J=258Hz, IF).

Compound 10(b)a: The compound 10(b)adl (m = 910 mg, n = 0.93 mmol, yield = 85 %) was prepared from compound 9(b)adl (818 mg, 1.09 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound lOBdl. The compound 10(b)ad2 (m= 845 mg, n= 0.86 mmol, yield= 79 %) was prepared from compound 9(b)ad2 (818 mg, 1.09 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound lOBdl.

lQ(b)adl/10(b)ad2: C₅₄H₆₁F₂N₃O₁₂ M=982.07g.mol^"1

10(b)adl

Mass (ESI⁺): 982.4 [M+H]⁺, 999.5 [M+H₂0]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -97.9A99.2 (IF; 2m); -103.4/-104.6 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -98.6 (IF; d; J=261Hz); -104.0 (IF; d; J=261Hz)

10(b)ad2

Mass (ESI⁺): 982.4 [M+H]⁺, 999.5 [M+H₂0]⁺, 1004.4 [M+Na]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -97.5/-98.8 (IF; 2m); -104.4/-105.6 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI3, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -98.1 (IF; d; J=260Hz); -105.0 (IF; d; J=260Hz)

Synthesis of compounds ϋβ fliPdl/llBd2)

Compound lOBdl (395 mg; 0.38 mmol) dissolved in a mixture of THF (12 mL) and HCl IN (1,4 mL) and in the presence of Pd/C 10 % was placed under a hydrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred for 48 h, then Millipore-filtered and evaporated to give compound llBdl (182 mg, 0.38 mmol, yield 100 %) quantitatively as a white solid.

Compound HBd2 (187 mg, 0.39 mmol, yield 100 %) was prepared as a white solid in quantitative yield from compound 10Bd2 (399 mg; 0.39 mmol) following the same procedure as forcompound llBdl.

llBdl/llBd2: C16H28CIF2N3O9 M=479.86g.mol^"1

Mass (EST): 442.1(M-HC1)

NMR ¹⁹F (D₂0, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled):

llBdl: -102.2/ -103.3 (m, IF); -108.4/ -109.5 (m, IF).

llBd2: -102.8/ -103.7 (m, IF); -107.4/ -108.4 (m, IF).

NMR ¹⁹F (D₂0, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled):

llBdl: -102.7 (d, J=258Hz, IF); -108.9 (d, J=258Hz, IF)

HBd2: -103.3 (d, J=257Hz, IF); -107.9 (d, J=257Hz, IF).

Synthesis of compounds 12(b)a (12(b)adl/12(b)ad2)

Compound 12(b)a: Trifluoroacetic acid (3.4 mL, 45.6 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of compound 10(b)adl (675 mg, 0.687 mmol, 1 eq) in dichloromethane (3.4 mL) under inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h and was then poured into a NaHC0₃ saturated aqueous solution. The obtained solution was extracted two times with dichloromethane and the combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification of the crude residue by flash column chromatography (cyclohexane/AcOEt 65/35 to 25/75) afford. compound 12(b)adl (m = 385 mg, n = 0.41 mmol, yield = 60 %) as a white solid.

The compound 12(b)ad2 (m = 368 mg, n = 0.39 mmol, yield = 60 %) was prepared from compound 10(b)ad2 (642 mg, 0.654 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 12(b)adl. 12(b)adl/12(b¼d2: C₅₂H₅₇F₂N₃O₁₁ M=938.02g.mol^"1

12(b)adl

Mass (ESI⁺): 938.4 [M+H]⁺, 955.4 [M+H₂0]⁺, 960.4 [M+Na]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -97.3Λ98.6 (IF; 2m); -101.6/-102.7 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -97.9 (IF; d; J=262Hz); -102.1 (IF; d; J=262Hz

12(b)ad2

Mass (ESI⁺): 938.4 [M+H]⁺ 955.4 [M+H₂0]⁺, 960.4 [M+Na]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): 97.3Λ98.5 (IF; 2m); -103.6/-104.7 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -97.9 (IF; d; J=259Hz); -104.1 (IF; d; J=259Hz) Synthesis of compounds 13(b)a (13(b)adl/13(b)ad2)

Compound 13(b)a: Compound 12(b)adl (395 mg, 0.42 mmol, 1 eq) dissolved in a mixture of THF (13.2 mL) and HCl IN (1.5 mL) and in the presence of Pd/C 10 % (112 mg, 0.25 eq) was placed under a hydrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred for 24 h, then Millipore-filtered and evaporated to give compound 13(b)adl (m = 197 mg, n = 0.41 mmol, yield = 97 %)

The compound 13(b)ad2 (m = 172 mg, n = 0.36 mmol, yield = 100 %) was prepared from compound 12(b)ad2 (338 mg, 0.36 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compoundl3(b)adl.

13(b)adl/13(b)ad2: Ci₆H₂₈ClF₂N30₉ M=479.86 g.mol^"

13(b)adl

Mass (ESI⁺): 444.2 [M-HC1+H]⁺' 466.2 [M-HCl+Na]⁺' 482.1 [M-HC1+K]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -97.2A98.4 (IF; 2m); -101.8/-103.0

(IF; 2m) NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -97.8 (IF; d; J=256Hz); -102.4 (IF; d; J=256Hz)

13(b)ad2

Mass (ESI⁺): 444.2 [M-HC1+H]⁺' 466.2 [M-HC1 +Na]⁺' 482.1 [M-HC1 +K]

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -97.7Λ98.8 (IF; 2m); -100.5/-101.8 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -98.2 (IF; d; J=257Hz); -101.0 (IF; d; J=257Hz)

Synthesis o compounds

14 15

Compound 15: Compound 14 (3g, 4.50 mmol, 1 eq) obtained from a process described in Synlett 2005, 17, 2627-2630 - see also WO 2004/014928, WO 2007/125203 and WO 2007/125194 was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (45 mL). The solution was cooled to 0°C and sodium hydride (129 mg, 5.40 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added portion wise. After 45 min. stirring at 0°C, benzyl bromide (1.1 mL, 9 mmol, 2 eq.) was added drop wise. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred 5 h 30. A saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride was added and the mixture was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water, then with brine before being dried and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 98/2 to 75/25) afford compound 15 (m = 2.61 mg, n = 3.47 mmol, yield = 77 %).

15: C45H46F2O8 M=752.84g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 775.4 [M+Na]⁺, 791.3 [M+K]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -1 11.4 (IF; d; J=265Hz); -1 16.1 (IF; d; J=265Hz) ; -112.0 (IF; d; J=263Hz); -115.3 (IF; dd; J=265Hz ; J=3Hz Synthesis of compounds 16

15 16

To a cooled (-78°C) solution of Compound 15 (1.34 g, 1.78 mmol, 1 eq) in anhydrous toluene (18 mL) was added a solution of diisobutylaluminium hydride (1.2M in toluene; 2.15 mL; 2.58 mmol; 1.45 eq.) and the resultant mixture was stirred for 5 h at this temperature. The reaction was then quenched with methanol (4 mL) and the solution was warmed to -20°C for 10 min. A Rochelle's salt solution (20 %) was then added and the solution was vigorously stirred for 1 h. The reaction medium was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to give compound 16 (m = 1.3 g, yellow oil). Compound 16 was used in the next step without further purification.

16: C45H48F2O8 M=754.85g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 777.4 [M+Na]⁺, 793.3 [M+K]⁺

Synthesis o compounds 17dl/17d2

Compound 17: To a mixture of compound 16 (1.56 g, 2.07 mmol, 1 eq), L-proline (L- Pro) (119 mg, 1.04 mmol, 0.5 eq) and Hantzsch ester (70 mg, 2.69 mmol, 1.3 eq) in ethanol (20 ml) was added ethyl nitroacetate (0.3 mL, 3.11 mmol, 1.5 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred 20 hours at 60°C. Ether was added and the organic phase was washed three times with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was then purified by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyle acetate 80/20) to give compound 17 (17dl/17d2 60/40) (m = 1.3 g, 1.57 mmol, yield = 75 %, yellow solid) as a mixture of diastereomer. 17dl/17d2: C47H49F2NO10 M=825.89g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 843.4 [M+H₂0]⁺, 848.3 [M+Na]⁺, 864.3 [M+K]⁺

Synthesis of compounds 18dl/18d2

17dl/17d2 18dl/18d2

Compound 18: To a solution of compound 17dl/17d2 (17dl/17d2 60/40) (1 .23 g, 1.55 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (4.9 rnL), water (7.3 mL) and acetic acid (7.3 mL), was added Zn dust (2.1 g; 32.5 mmol; 21 eq.). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and concentrated. A solution of NaHC0₃ was added to adjust the pH of the aqueous layer to pH8, and the resultant aqueous layer was then extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was dried (MgS0₄), filtered, and concentrated. The crude mixture was purified by chromatography on silica gel (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 80/20) to give compound 18 (18dl/18d260/40) (m = 780 mg, n = 0.98 mmol, yield = 63 %).

18dl/18d2: C47H51F2NO8 M=795.91g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 796.4 [M+H]⁺, 818.4 [M+Na]⁺, 834.4 [M+K]⁺

Synthesis of compounds 19dl/19d2

18dl/18d2 19dl/19d2

Compound 19: To a chilled (0°C) solution of compound 18 (18dl/18d2 60/40) (658 mg, 0.827 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (8 mL) was added benzyl chloroformate (300 μΐ_^; 2.07 mmol; 2.5 eq.) and triethylamine (290 μΐ_^; 2.07 mmol; 2.5 eq.). The resultant mixture was stirred for 24 h and then extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with a saturated aqueous NaHC0₃ solution, dried (MgS0₄), filtered and evaporated. The crude residue was purified by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 2/98 to 80/20) to give compound 19 (19dl/19d2 60/40) (m = 592 mg, n = 0.637 mmol, yield = 77 %).

19dl/19d2: C55H57F2NO10 M=930.04g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 947.44 [M+NH₄]⁺, 953 [M+Na]⁺, 968.37 [M+K]⁺

Synthesis of compounds 20dl/20d2

19dl/19d2 20dl/20d2

Compound 20: To a solution of compound 19 (19dl/19d2 60/40) (575 mg, 0.618 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (6 mL) was added LiOH 2N solution (0.93 mL; 1.85 mmol, 3 eq.). The solution was stirred for 12 hours then quenched with IN HCl aqueous solution. The reaction mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to give compound 20 (20dl/20d2 55/45) as a white solid (m = 526 mg, n =0.583 mmol, yield = 94 %).

20dl/20d2: C53H53F2NO10 M=901.99g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 919.4 [M+H₂0]⁺, 924.4 [M+Na]⁺, 940.3 [M+K]⁺

Synthesis of compounds 21dl/21d2

a. CF₃CO₂-+₃HN-Ala-Ala-OBn; PyBOP/NMM; DMF

20dl/20d2 21dl/21d2

Compound 21 : To a solution of compound 20 (20dl/20d2 55/45) (432 mg, 0.477 mmol, 1 eq) in DMF (4.6 mL) was added CF₃COO^{" +}H₃NAlaAlaOBn (223 mg; 0.612 mmol, 1.3 eq.), PyBOP (510 mg; 1 mmol, 2.1 eq.) and N-methylmorpholine (160 μί; 1.43 mmol, 3eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h. Brine was then added and the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with an aqueous acid citric (10 %) solution, water and aqueous NaHC0₃ (5 %) solution. The organic layer was then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The crude residue was purified by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 4/96 to 60/40) to give compound 21 (21dl/21d2 55/45) as a colourless oil (m= 453mg, n=0.4mmol, yield= 84%).

2idl/21d2: C₆6H69F2N₃Oi2 M=1134.26g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 1134.5 [M+H]⁺, 1151.5 [M+H₂0]⁺, 1156.5 [M+Na]⁺, 1172.5 [M+K]⁺ NMR ¹⁹F (CDC1₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -102.9 (IF ; d ; J=259Hz) ; -103.2 (IF ; d ; J=259Hz), -104.6 (IF ; d ; J=259Hz) ; -104.8 (IF ; d ; J=259Hz) esis of compounds 22dl/22d2

21dl/21d2 22dl/22d2

Compound 22: Compound 21 (21dl/21d255/45) (51 mg; 0.045 mmol) dissolved in a mixture of THF and HCl IN (590 μΐ.) and in the presence of Pd/C 10 % was placed under a hydrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred for 48h, then Millipore-filtered and evaporated to give compound 22 (m = 22 mg, n = 0.044 mmol, yield = 99 %).

22dl/22d2: Ci₆H28ClF₂N₃Oio M=495.86g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 459.2[M-HC1 +H]⁺, 477.2 [M-HC1 +H₂0]⁺

Synthesis of compounds 23dl/23d2

22dl/22d2 23dl/23d2

Compound 23d1 (174 mg, 0.24 mmol, yield 52 %) was prepared from compound 8(b)adl (m = 355 mg, n = 0.46 mmol) following the same procedure as for compound 12(b)a Compound 23d2 (228 mg, 0.3 1 mmol, yield 60 %) was prepared from compound 8(b)ad2 (m = 402 mg, n = 0.52 mmol) following the same procedure as for compound 12(b)a

23dl/23d2: C₄₁H₄₅F₂NO₉ M=733.79g.mol^"1

23dl

Masse (ESI⁺): 756.4 [M+Na]⁺, 772.4 [M+K]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -102.3/-103.5 (IF; 2m); -103.5/-104.7 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -102.9 (IF; d; J=259Hz); -104.2 (IF; d; J=259Hz)

23d2

Mass (ESI⁺): 756.4 [M+Na]⁺, 772.4 [M+K]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -99.3/-100.6 (IF; 2m); -104.9/-106.2 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -99.9 (IF; d; J=254Hz); -105.5 (IF; d; J=254Hz)

Synthesis of compounds 24dl/24d2

23dl/23d2 24dl/24d2

Compound 24dl (77 mg, 0.1 1 mmol, yield 100 %) was prepared from compound 23dl (m = 80 mg, n = 0.1 1 mmol) following the same procedure as for compound 9(b)adl.

Compound 24d2 (77 mg, 0.1 1 mmol, yield 100 %) was prepared from compound 23dl (m = 80 mg, n = 0.1 1 mmol) following the same procedure as for compound 9(b)adl. 24dl/24d2: C₃₉H₄₁F₂NO₉ M=705.74g.mol^"1

24dl

Masse (ESI⁺): 706.3 [M+H]⁺, 723.3 [M+H₂0]⁺, 728.3 [M+Na]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -100.8/-101.9 (IF; 2m); -102.2/-103.4 (IF; 2m) NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -101.3 (IF; d; J=262Hz); -102.9

(IF; d; J=262Hz)

24d2

Mass (ESI⁺): 706.3 [M+H]⁺, 723.3 [M+H₂0]⁺, 728.3 [M+Na]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI3, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -98.2Λ99.3 (IF; 2m); -104.4/-105.7 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI3, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -98.7 (IF; d; J=260Hz); -105.0 (IF ; d ; J=260Hz) Synthesis of compounds 25dl/25d2

24dl/24d2 25dl/25d2

Compound 25dl (35 mg, 0.1 1 mmol, yield 100 %) was prepared from compound 24dl (m = 74 mg, n = 0.11 mmol) following the same procedure as for compound 13(b)a.

Compound 25d2 (32 mg, 0.09 mmol, yield 93 %) was prepared from compound 24dl (m = 72 mg, n = 0.10 mmol) following the same procedure as for compound 13(b)a. 25dl/25d2: Ci₀Hi₈ClF₂NO₇ M=337.70g.mol^"1

25dl

Masse (ESI⁺): 302.1 [M-HC1+H]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -97.2/-98.3 (IF; 2m); -101.9/-103.0 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI3, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -97.7 (IF; d; J=256Hz); -102.4 (IF; d; J=256Hz)

25d2

Mass (ESI⁺): 302.1 [M-HC1+H]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI3, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -97.9 (IF; d; J=257Hz); -100.9 (IF; d; J=257Hz) Synthesis o compounds 27

26 27

Compound 26 (24.2 g, 43.6 mmol, 1 eq) obtained from a process described in Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 2477-2480 was dissolved in acetonitrile (58 mL) and the obtained solution was added to a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (5.46 g, 78.5 mmol, 1.8 eq) and sodium acetate (7.15 g, 87.2 mmol, 2 eq) in water (58 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight before being evaporated and purified by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 100/0 to 70/30) to give compound 27 (m = 11.59 g, n = 20.3 mmol, yield = 47 %) as a yellow oil.

-1

27: C31H33F2NO7 M=569.59g.mol

Mass (ESI⁺): 570.2 [M+H]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDC1₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -109.5 (IF; dd; J=255Hz; J=9Hz); -113.1 (IF; dd; J=255Hz J=23Hz)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -109.5 (IF; d; J=255Hz); -113.1 (IF; d; J=255Hz)

Synthesis of compounds 28G/28T

27 28G/28T

A solution of compound 27 (5.5 g, 9.66 mmol, 1 eq) in diethyl ether (250 mL) was added drop wise to a suspension of lithium aluminium hydride (3.67 g, 96.6 mmol, 10 eq) in diethyl ether (150 mL) under inert atmosphere. The suspension was stirred for lOmin at room temperature and then refluxed overnight before being cooled to 0°C. A Rochelle's salt aqueous solution was carefully added drop wise. The mixture was then warmed to room temperature and filtered through a pad of Celite. The pad was washed with diethyl ether. The layers were separated and the aqueous one was extracted with diethyl ether. The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The yellow crude residue obtained was dissolved in methanol (700 mL) and acetic anhydride (10.8 mL, 1 15 mmol, 12 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h, then evaporated to give a mixture of two diastereomers (28T/28G 70/30). Each diastereomer has been isolated by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 60/40 to 35/65) of the crude residue 28T (m = 1.65 g, n = 2.97 mmol, yield = 31 %) and 28G (m = 516 mg, n = 0.93 mmol, yield = 10 %).

28T/28G: C31H35F2NO6 NL-555.61g.mol^"1

28T

Mass (ESI⁺): 562.3 [M+Li]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -109.5/-110.7 (IF; 2m); -112.9/-114.6 (IF, 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -1 10.1 (IF; d; J=261Hz); -113.7 (IF; d; J=261Hz)

28G

Mass (ESI⁺): 562.3 [M+Li]⁺ 578.2 [M+Na]⁺

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI3, 282.5MHz) (with H coupled): -112.2/-113.7 (IF; 2m); -120.3/-121.7 (IF; 2m)

NMR ¹⁹F (CDCI3, 282.5MHz) (without H coupled): -1 12.8 (IF; d; J=269Hz); -120.8 (IF; d; J=269Hz)

Synthesis of compounds 29G

28G 29G

Compound 28G (200 mg, 0.36 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in dichloromethane (1 mL) under inert atmosphere and Dess Martin periodinane (458 mg, 1.08 mmol, 3 eq) was added . The reacti on mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Dichloromethane and water were added and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate. Evaporation and purification by chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol 90/10 to 85/15) afford compound 29G (m = 45 mg, n = 0.079 mmol, yield = 22 %)

29G: C31H33F2NO7 M=569.59g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 570.2 [M+H]⁺, 592.2 [M+Na]⁺, 608.1 [M+K]⁺

Synthesis o compounds 30G

29G 30G

Thionyl chloride (21 μΐ., 0.278 mmol, 3.6 eq) was added to a solution of compound 29G (44 mg, 0.077 mmol, 1 eq) in ethanol (510 μΐ.). The reaction mixture was refluxed 1 h, then cooled and slowly added to an aqueous saturated solution of sodium hydrogenocarbonate. The solution was extracted two times with diethyl ether and the combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate. Evaporation and purification by chromatography afford compound 30G (m = 6 mg, n = 0.01 mmol, yield =13 %) 30G: C33H37F2NO7 M=597.65g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 598.3 [M+H]⁺, 620.2 [M+Na]⁺, 636.2 [M+K]⁺ Synthesis of compounds 31G

30G 31G

The compound 31G (m = 702 mg, n = 1.17 mmol, yield = 89 %) was prepared from compound 30G (790 mg, 1.32 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 16. The crude mixture containing compound 31G is used in the next step without further purification and without characterization. Synthesis of compounds 32Gdl/32Gd2

31G 32Gdl/32Gd2

The compound 32Gdl/32Gd2 (m = 365 mg, n = 0.54mmol, yield = 47 %) was prepared from compound 31G (702 mg, 1.17 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 17.

32Gdl/32Gd2: C35H40F2N2O9 M=670.70g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 693.3 [M+Na]⁺, 709.3 [M+K]⁺

Synthesis of compounds 33Gdl/33Gd2

32Gdl/32Gd2 33Gdl/33Gd2

The compound 33Gdl/33Gd2 (m = 332 mg, n = 0.52 mmol, yield = 96 %) was prepared from compound 32Gdl/32Gd2 (362 mg, 0.54 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 18. At this stage, both diastereomers could be isolated by purification on chromatography.

33Gdl/33Gd2: Cssi^F.NzO? M=640.71g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 641.4 [M+H]⁺, 663.4 [M+Na]⁺, 679.4 [M+K]⁺

Synthesis of compounds 34Gdl/34Gd2

33Gdl/33Gd2 34Gdl/34Gd2 The compound 34Gdl/34Gd2 (m = 5 1 mg, n = 0.066 mmol, yield = 28 %) was prepared from compound 33Gdl/33Gd2 (150 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 19.

34Gdl/34Gd2: C43H48F2N2O9 M=774.85g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 775.3 [M+H]⁺, 792.3 [M+H₂0]⁺, 797.3 [M+Na]⁺, 813.3 [M+K]⁺

Synthesis of compounds 35Gdl/35Gd2

34Gdl/34Gd2 35Gdl/35Gd2

The compound 35Gdl/35Gd2 (m = 48 mg, n = 0.065 mmol, yield = 100 %) was prepared from compound 34Gdl/34Gd2 (50 mg, 0.65 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 20.

35Gdl/35Gd2: C41H44F2N2O9 M=746.79g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 747.3 [M+H]⁺, 764.3 [M+H₂0]⁺, 769.3 [M+Na]⁺, 785.3 [M+K]⁺

Synthesis of compounds 36Gdl/36Gd2

35Gdl/35Gd2 36Gdl/36Gd2

The compound 36Gdl/36Gd2 (m = 24 mg, n = 0.065 mmol, yield = 100 %) was prepared from compound 35Gdl/35Gd2 (48 mg, 0.065 mmol, 1 eq) following the same procedure as for compound 13(b)a.

36Gdl/36Gd2: C12H21CIF2N2O7 M=378.75g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 343.2 [M-HC1+H]⁺, 360.2 [M+ H₄]⁺, 365.2 [M+Na]⁺ S nthesis of compound 38

37 38

Into a round-bottom flask, under an inert atmosphere, BuLi (1,5 M, 1.6 mL, 5.7 eq.) is added carefully at -78°C to a solution of Weinreb amine (122 mg; 1.25 mmol; 3 eq) in THF anhydrous (2.5 mL). The mixture is left under agitation for 20 minutes, with the media put back at room temperature. The compound 37 (271 mg; 0.420 mmol; 1 eq.) in THF (0.5 mL) is then added at -78°C. Then the media is allowed to get back to room temperature, and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture is hydrolyzed with HC1 IN to obtained pH 7, extracted three times with Et₂0, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and then evaporated. The crude mixture containing compound 38 is used in the next step without further purification.

38: C38H41F2NO7 M=661.73g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 684.4 (M+Na).

Synthesis of compound 39

38 39

Into a round-bottom flask, under an inert atmosphere, MeLi (1.6 M solution in Et₂0, 0.9 mL, 4 eq.) was added at -78°C to a solution of crude compound 38 (226 mg) in THF (5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Then, a saturated aqueous solution of NH₄CI was added and the mixture was extracted with Et₂0. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. Then the residue was purified by chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 93/7 to 40/60) to give compound 39 (120 mg, 0.20 mmol).

39: C37H38F2O6 M=616.69g.mol^"1

Mass (ESI⁺): 634.3 [M+H₂0]⁺, 639.3 [M+Na]⁺, 655.2 [M+K]⁺ .

MR¹⁹F (CDCI₃, 282.5MHz): -1 15.5 (IF, dd, J=257Hz, J=l lHz); -1 19.6 (IF, ddd, J=257Hz, J=l lHz, J=3Hz).

Synthesis of compound 40

Under an inert atmosphere, a solution of ethyl nitroacetate (0.036 mL, 0.32 mmol) and compound 39 (100 mg, 0.16 mmol) in CH₂C1₂ (1.5 mL) was added to a stirred solution of TiCl₄ (1M solution in CH₂C1₂, 0.3 ml, 0.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF (2 mL) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 15 min at 0°C and a solution of N-methyl morpholine (NMM) (0.071 mL, 0.65 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added. Then the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional time of 15 min. at 0°C, allowed to warm to room temperature for 15 h and heated at 60°C for 15 h. Then H₂0 was added and the mixture was extracted with Et₂0. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated.

40: C₄iH₄3F₂N0₉ M=731.78g.mol^"1

Mass (EST ): 732.28 [M+H]⁺; 749.33 [M+H₂0]⁺.

II - Stability of pseudo glycosidic bond

Compound HBdl. llBd2. 12(b)adl. 12(b)ad2. 25dl and 25d2 have all been neutralized using the following process before to be used in the stability test described below.

Compound llBdl (196 mg, 0.41 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (3 mL). Ion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-67 weakly basic, previously washed with water, then with methanol) was added and the suspension thus obtained was stirred for 30 min. The mixture was filtered and the resin washed with methanol (10 mL). Evaporation, dissolution in water (25 mL) and freeze drying afford compound Adl (120 mg, 0.27 mmol, yield 66 %) as a white solid.

Using the previous process, compound llBd2 leads to compound Ad2, compound 12(b)adl leads to compound Ddl, compound 12(b)ad2 leads to compound Dd2, compound 25dl leads to compound Edl and compound 25d2 leads to compound Ed2.

• Stability of β-Gal-CF -Ser pseudo-glycosidic bond

The enzymatic stability has been performed with compound Adl and Ad2 according to the invention and compound B used as a reference compound to control the efficacy of the β-galactosidase. Both compounds have been treated with β-galactosidase. The stability of compound Adl and Ad2 has been assessed by mass spectrum (MS) analysis after incubation with β-galactosidase. The samples have been injected and ionized by electrospray (ES) (in positive and negative mode). The procedure has been adapted from Maljaars et al. J Comb. Chem. 2006, 8, 812-819.

Ad2

Test compound Adl (12 μπιοΐ, 5.3 mg) in 1.5 mL ammonium acetate buffer (10 mM, pH 7) was kept 24h at 37°C in the presence and absence of β-galactosidase (4.5 U, 32 μΐ. of a 1 mg.mL^"1 solution in ammonium acetate buffer,(48275 sigma, 140 U per mg)). 300 μΐ. of the sample was filtered through a 3-kDa-cutoff centrifugal filter (Millipore), and the filter was washed with H₂0 (2 x 300 /L). The obtained solutions were diluted in water/methanol 1 : 1 (3 μΙ_, in lmL).

Test compound Ad2 (12 μπιοΐ, 5.3mg) has been treated in the presence and absence of β-galactosidase following the same process.

These samples of compound Adl and Ad2 in presence of β-galactosidase have been submitted to mass spectra and compared to the mass spectra of compound Adl and Ad2 in absence of β-galactosidase. For both compound Adl (Figures la and lb) and Ad2 (Figures 2a and 2b), the spectra show that no hydrolysis occurs and that both compounds remain intact.

The two samples were also analyzed by F- MR to confirm that the test compound Adl and Ad2 were not cleaved by the β-galactosidase.

In parallel, p-nitrophenyl^-galactoside (compound B, 12 μπιοΐ, 3.6 mg) in 1.5 mL ammonium acetate buffer (10 mM, pH 7) was kept 24 h at 37°C in the presence and absence of β-galactosidase (4.5 U, 32 μΙ_, of a 1 mg.mL^"1 solution in ammonium acetate buffer (48275 sigma, 140U per mg)).

During the process in the presence of β-Galactosidase, a yellow coloration was observed that underlines the decomposition of compound B.

The optical density (OD) of the two samples was measured at 420 nm to verify that the β-galactosidase is working and that degradation occurs on compound B (OD₄₂o with β- galactosidase = 1.5786 / OD₄₂₀ without β-galactosidase = 0.0465).

• Stability of a-Gal-CF?-Ser pseudo-glycosidic bond

The enzymatic stability has been performed with compounds Cdl, Cd2, Ddl and Dd2 according to the invention and compound F was used as a reference compound to control the efficacy of the a-galactosidase. All the compounds have been treated with a- galactosidase. The stability of compounds Cdl, Cd2, Ddl and Dd2 has been assessed by MS analysis after incubation with α-galactosidase. The procedure has been adapted from Maljaars et al. J Comb. Chem. 2006, 8, 812-819.

Test compound Cdl (6 μιηοΐ, 1.8 mg) in 0.75 mL ammonium acetate buffer (10 mM, pH 7) was kept 24 h at 37°C in the presence and absence of a-galactosidase (2.25 U, 41 μΙ_, of a 3.7 mg.mL^"1 suspension in ammonium sulphate (G8507 sigma, 14.7 U/mg)). 300 μΙ_, of the samples were filtered through a 3-kDa-cutoff centrifugal filter (Millipore) and the filter was washed with H₂0 (2 x 300 μΌ). The resultant solutions were diluted in water/methanol 1 : 1 (3 μΙ_, in lmL);

Test compound Cd2 (12 μηιοΐ, 5.3 mg) has been treated in the presence and absence of α-galactosidase following the same process.

The samples of compound Cdl and Cd2 in presence of α-galactosidase have been analyzed by mass spectrometry and their spectra compared to the mass spectra of compound Cdl and Cd2 in absence of α-galactosidase. For both compound Cd l (Figures 3a and 3b) and Cd2 (Figures 4a and 4b), the spectra underline that no hydrolysis occurs and that both compounds remain intact.

The two samples were also analyzed by F- MR to confirm that the test compounds Cdl and Cd2 were not cleaved by a-galactosidase.

The same procedure was applied to compound Ddl (6 μηιοΐ, 2.6 mg) and Dd2 (6 μηιοΐ, 2.6 mg).

The samples of compound Ddl and Dd2 in presence of α-galactosidase have been submitted to mass spectra and compared to the mass spectra of compound Ddl and Dd2 in absence of a-galactosidase. For both compounds Ddl (Figures 5a and 5b) and Dd2 (Figures 6a and 6b), the spectra underline that no hydrolysis occurs on both compounds that remain intact.

The two samples were also analyzed by F-NMR to confirm that the test compounds Ddl and Dd2 were not cleaved by a-galactosidase.

In parallel, p-nitrophenyl-a-galactoside (compound F, 6 μπιοΐ, 1.8mg) in 0.75mL of ammonium acetate buffer (10 mM, pH 7) was kept 24h at 37°C in the presence and absence of α-galactosidase 2.25U, 41 μΙ_, of a 3.7 mg.mL^"1 suspension in ammonium sulphate ((G8507 sigma) 14.7 U/mg). The OD of the two samples was measured at 420 nm to verify that the α-galactosidase is working and that degradation occurs on compound F (OD₄₂o with α-galactosidase = 1.6303 / OD₄₂o without α-galactosidase = 0.0124). In conclusion, we showed in these experiments that the CF₂ bond is stable and does not undergo hydrolysis in the presence of galactosidase. To the contrary the O-glycosidic bound has been shown to undergo hydrolysis in the presence of galactosidases (vide supra) and as described in the literature (vide infra). Indeed O-glycosidic amino acid such as O-glycosidic serine and threonine can be cleaved by glycosidases (cf Maljaars et al. J Comb. Chem. 2006, 8, 812-819 and Allen et al. Biochem. J. 1978, 171, 665- 674).

Ill - Effect of glycopeptides 13(b)adl and 13(b)ad2 on the preservation of neonatal skin fibroblast under starvation conditions

Materials and Methods

Subculturing

• The neonatal human skin fibroblasts (Cell line: CCD-27SK, ATCC number CRL- 1475) were grown with DMEM medium supplemented with Fetal Bovine Serum 10 % final, antibiotics (Penicillin/Streptomycin) 1 % final and Amphotericin B 0.1 % final. • Fibroblasts were grown in 75 cm² culture flask to 80 % confluence, in 37°C and 10 % C0₂ incubator. The medium was changed every two days by 37°C preheated fresh medium.

Starvation medium

· This medium was composed of 45 % subculture medium without Fetal Bovine Serum mixed with 55 % of Phosphate Buffer Saline IX containing EDTA (final concentration of 0.45 mM). This was referred to as serum free or starvation medium. Product preparation

• The compounds 13(b)adl and 13(b)ad2 (M = 479.9 g/mol) were diluted in starvation medium to 5 mg/ml final and pH was adjusted at 7.4 by addition of NaOH IN.

General Experimental procedure

Assays on 96 well plates

• Fibroblast cells were concentrated to 2.10⁵ cells/ml and ΙΟΟμΙ of cell suspension was added in wells of a 96-well plate and incubated in 37°C and 10 % C0₂ incubator for 4 hours.

• After cell adhesion the medium was changed and plates were incubated (37°C-10 % CO₂) to perform the assay as follow:

o 1 plate for each sampling times: days DO, D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7

o 3 wells for each condition (triplicate count) added with 120μ1 of culture medium, starvation medium, 13(b)adl solution (5 mg/ml) or 13(b)ad2 solution

(5 mg/ml)

Viability assay

Cell Viability was evaluated by the Trypan blue exclusion technique based on the principle that live cells possess intact cell membranes that exclude the Trypan blue dye. So, only the dead cells are blue at microscopic observation.

For sampling, 110 μΐ of Trypan Blue (SIGMA T8154) was added to 110 μΐ of trypsinated cell suspension of matching well for counting.

200 μΐ of the trypan blue/cell mixture are dropped to a hemacytometer. Cells are counting by using a Neubauer-counting chamber. The unstained (viable) and stained (nonviable) cells are counted separately on 9 area of a large square (1 mm²) and added to obtain the total number of cells per sample. An average of three counts was used to calculate the viability percentage as: [number of viable cells / total number of cells]* 100

The cell viability percentages from cultures under starvation conditions were compared with control culture for several days after their addition (DO, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7).

Results

The results were plotted in the histogram of figure 7 which represents the evolution of fibroblast viability in vitro during a 7 day period while deprived of nutrients.

The viability of 13(b)adl and 13(b)ad2 treated cells remained around 95 % up to 7 days of incubation whereas the cell viability in the nutrient deprivation control decreased from 94 % after 4 days to 89 %, 38 % and 8 % after 5, 6 and 7 days, respectively.

Compounds 13(b)adl and 13(b)ad2 showed thus a preservative effect on skin fibroblasts since cells have been maintained in a healthy state under unfavorable conditions for growth.

ABBREVIATIONS

Ala Alanin

Bn Benzyl

Cbz Benzyloxycarbonyl

de Diastereomeric excess

DIB AH Diisobutylaluminium hydride

DMF Dimethylformamide

DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide

eq. Equivalent

Et Ethyl

g Gram

Hz Hertz

mg Milligram

MHz MegaHertz

Min Minute

mL Mililitre mmol Millimole

μηιοΐ Micromole

MOM Methoxymethyl

Ms Mesyl

NMM N-methylmorpholine

nmol Nanomole

NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

PyBOP ( 1 H-Benzotriazol- 1 -yloxy )tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate

Rf Retardation factor

THF Tetrahydrofuran

TLC Thin Layer chromatography

TMS Trimethylsilyl

Claims (21)

1. A compound of formula I):

(I)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a tautomer, a stereoisomer or a mixture of stereoisomers in any proportion, in particular a mixture of enantiomers, and particularly a racemate mixture,

wherein:

- Y represents a CN, N0₂, ReR_? or CHi ReR_? group,

- Z represents H or CH₃,

- R represents a hydrogen or fluorine atom or a CH₃, CH₂F, CH₂OSiR^alR^blR^cl, CH₂OR₈, CH₂OC(0)R₉, CH₂OCO₂Ri₀, CH₂OC(0) RnRi₂, CH₂OP(0)(ORi₃)₂ or CH₂OS0₃Ri4 group,

- Ri and R₂ represent, independently from one another, a fluorine atom or an OSiR^a2R^b2R^c2, ORis, OC(0)R₁₆, OC0₂Ri₇, OC(0) Ri₈Ri₉, OP(O)(OR₂₀)₂ or

OS0₃R₂i group,

- R₃ represents a fluorine atom or an OSiR^a3R^b3R^c3, OR₂₂, OC(0)R₂₃, OC0₂R₂₄, OCO R₂₅R₂₆, OP(0)(OR₂₇)₂, OS0₃R₂₈, N₃, phtalimidyl, R₂₉R₃₀, R₃iC(0)R₃₂, R₃₃C(0)OR₃₄, N(C(0)R₃₅)C(0)R₃₆, N(C(0)R₃₇)C(0)OR₃₈ and N(C(0)OR₃₉)C(0)OR4o group,

- R4 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or an OSiR^a4R^b4R^c4, OR^, OC(0)R₄₂, OC0₂R₄₃, OCO R₄₄R₄₅, OP(0)(OR₄₆)₂ or OS0₃R₄₇ group,

or R and Ri, together with the carbon atoms carrying them, form a cyclic acetal having the following formula:

and/or (Ri and R₂), (R₂ and R₃), and/or (R₃ and R₄), together with the carb carr ing them, form a cyclic acetal having the following formula:

- R₅ represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a R48, OR49 or R50R51 group, with:

^■ 5 representing:

- a hydrogen atom,

- a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7- membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-aryl or (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-heteroaryl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO,

- a C(0)R₅₂ group, or

- a C(0)OR₅₃ group,

■ R₇ representing:

- a hydrogen atom,

- a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7- membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-aryl or (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-heteroaryl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom,

OH, COOH and CHO,

- a C(0)R₅₂ group,

- a C(0)OR₅₃ group, or

- a N-protecting group,

■ R₈, Ri₅, R₂₂ and R₄₁ representing, independently from one another, a hydrogen atom; an O-protecting group; or a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl, (Ci-Ce)-alkyl-aryl, (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-heteroaryl, saccharidic or polysaccharidic group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO, ^■ R₉, Rio, Ri6, Ri7, R23, R24, R32, R34 to R40, R42, R43, R48, R52 and R53 representing, independently from one another, a (Ci-Ce)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl, (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-aryl or (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-heteroaryl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO,

^■ R11, R12, Ri8, Ri9, R25, R26, R29 to R31, R33, R44, R45, R50 and R51 representing, independently from one another, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C₂- C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci-Ce)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, (Ci-Ce)-alkyl-aryl or (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-heteroaryl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among a halogen atom, OH, COOH and CHO,

^■ Ri3, Ri4, R20, R21, R27, R28, R46 and R47 representing, independently from one another, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C₆)alkyl group,

■ R49 representing:

- a hydrogen atom,

- a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, 5- to 7- membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Ci- C₆)alkyl, (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-aryl or (Ci-C₆)-alkyl-heteroaryl group, this group being possibly substituted with one or more groups chosen among an halogen atom,

OH, COOH and CHO, or

- a O-protecting group,

^■ R^al to R^a4, R^bl to R^M and R^cl to R^c4 representing, independently from one another, a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C₆)alkyl group, and

■ R^d and R^e representing, independently from one another, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci- C₆)alkyl group.

2. The compound according to claim 1, characterized in that it corresponds to a compound of formulas (la) or (Ιβ):

with R, Ri, R₂, R₃, R4, R5, Z and Y as defined in claim 1.

3. The compound according to any of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that R represents a CH₂OR₈ group; Ri and R₂ represent, independently from one another, an

OR15 group; and R3 represents an OR₂₂ or R₃iC(0)R3₂ group, R₈, R15 and R₂₂ representing advantageously a hydrogen atom or an O-protecting group, R31 representing advantageously a hydrogen atom and R3₂ representing a (Ci-Ce)alkyl group.

4. The compound according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that R4 represents a hydrogen atom or an OR41 group, R41 representing advantageously a hydrogen atom or an O-protecting group.

5. The compound according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that Y represents a NR₅R₇ or CH₂ R₆R₇ group, with 5 and R₇ as defined in claim 1 and notably with 5 representing a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-Ce)alkyl group and R₇ representing:

- a hydrogen atom,

- a (Ci-Ce)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl group,

- a C(0)R₅₂ group, with R₅₂ as defined above and representing in particular a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl group,

- a C(0)OR₅3 group, with R₅₃ as defined above and representing in particular a (Ci-C₆)alkyl, aryl or aryl-(Ci-C6)alkyl group, or

- an N-protecting group.

6. The compound according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that R₅ represents an OR49 group, with R49 as defined in claim 1 and advantageously representing a hydrogen atom, a (Ci-C₆)alkyl group or an O-protecting group.

7. The compound according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that Y represents a R6R-7 or CH2 R6R7 group and R₅ represents an OR49 group, with:

- R₆ and R₇ representing each a hydrogen atom and R49 representing an O- protecting group such as a (Ci-Ce)alkyl group, or

- R49 and 5 representing each a hydrogen atom and R₇ representing a N- protecting group.

8. The compound according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is chosen among the following compounds:

9. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I) according to any of cl to 8 with Z = H, comprising the following successive steps:

a) dehydration of a compound of formula (II):

in which R, Ri, R₂, R₃, R4, R₅ and Y are as defined in claim 1,

to give a compound of formula (III):

in which R, Ri, R₂, R₃, R4, R₅ and Y are as defined in claim 1, and b) hydrogenation of the compound of formula (III) obtained in the previous step to give a compound of formula (I) with Z = H.

10. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I) according to any of claims 1o 8 with Z = CH₃, comprising the following successive steps:

i) reaction of a compound of formula (VII):

in which R, Ri, R₂, R₃ and R4 are as defined in claim 1,

with a compound of formula (V):

in which R₅ is as defined in claim 1 and Y = N0₂ or CN,

to give a compound of formula (VIII):

in which R, Ri, R₂, R₃, R4 and R₅ are as defined in claim 1 and Y = N0₂ or CN, ii) optionally reduction of the compound of formula (VIII) obtained in the previous step i) to give a compound of formula (I) with Z = CH₃ and Y = N0₂ or CN, iii) optionally reduction of the N0₂ or CN function of the compound of formula (I) obtained in the previous step ii) to give a compound of formula (I) with Z = CH₃ and Y = NH₂ or CH₂NH₂, and

iv) optionally substitution of the amino function of the compound of formula (I) obtained in the previous step iii) to give a compound of formula (I) with Z = CH₃ and Y = NR₅R₇ or CH₂NReR₇, with the proviso that at least 5 or R₇ is not a hydrogen atom.

11. The use of a compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 with Y = NH₂ or CH₂ H₂ and/or R₅ = OH, and in particular a compound of formula (I) according to claim 7, in the synthesis of a peptide, in place of an amino acid such as a serine or a threonine.

12. A peptide (VI) in which at least one amino acid, such as a serine or a threonine, has been replaced with a compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 in which Y = HR₇ or CH₂ HR₇, and notably HR₇, and/or R₅ = OH, the Y and/or R₅ group being linked to an amino acid of the peptide by means of peptide bond.

13. The peptide according to claim 12 selected from the following compounds:

14. A peptide (VI) according to claim 12 for use as medicament.

15. A peptide (VI) according to claim 12 for use as medicament intended for the treatment or the prevention of viral, bacterial or inflammatory diseases or for use as cancer vaccine.

16. A peptide (VI) according to claim 15 for use as cancer vaccine, characterized in that the compound of formula (I) integrated in the said peptide represents a mimic of antigen Tn.

17. The use of a compound of formula (I) according to any of claims 1 to 8 as a mimic of antigen Tn.

18. A pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition comprising at least one peptide (VI) according to claim 12 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for example a hapten, protein, chemical scaffold or carrier matrix.

19. The use of a peptide (VI) according to claim 12 in preservation of biological materials such as cells, tissues and organs, notably at a temperature below 37°C, such as a temperature below 0°C.

20. The cosmetic use of a peptide (VI) according to claim 12.

21. The cosmetic use according to claim 20 for skin anti-aging applications.