AU2011226926A1 - Alzheimer's disease treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

Alzheimer's Disease Treatment Method The invention relates to antibodies which are used in the preparation of a 5 medicament for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. More specifically, yhe invention relates to the use of an antibody specifically recognizing any one of the predominant variants of the amyloid beta peptide, Ab40 and Ab42, in the preparation of a medicament that is used to prevent and/or treat Alzheimer's disease.

Description

Australian Patents Act 1990 - Regulation 3.2 ORIGINAL COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Invention Title: Alzheimer's disease treatment method The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me: P/00/01 l 5951 1. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TREATMENT METHOD The present invention relates to a method for treatment and/or prevention of diseases associated with the presence of amyloid deposits, which include 5 Alzheimer's disease. STATE OF THE ART Certain facts are known about the biochemical and metabolic phenomena 10 associated with the presence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Two structural and histopathological changes observed in the brains of those with AD are neurofibrillar tangles (NFT) and amyloid deposits. Intraneuronal neurofibrillar tangles are also present in other neurodegenerative diseases, but the presence of amyloid deposits both in the intraneuronal spaces (neuritic plaques) and 15 close to the microvasculature (vascular plaques) seems to be characteristic of AD. Of these, neuritic plaques seem to be the most common (Price, D.L., and co-workers, Drug Development Research (1985) 5:59-68). The main component of these amyloid plaques Is a peptide of 40-42 amino 20 dcids denominated amyloid peptide Ap4. The amyloid peptide Ap4 is a polypeptide that originates from proteolysis from membrane glycoproteins denominated amyloid peptide Ap4 precursor proteins (pAPP). These proteins, precursors of amyloid peptide, consist of 695 to 770 25 amino acids, all of them being coded by the same gene. Two main variants of amyloid peptide A4 have been identified, peptide Ap40 and A042, containing 40 and 42 amino acids, respectively, which present different tissue distributions in both physiological and pathological conditions. 30 The variant of 42 amino acids is the predominant form in the amyloid plaques located in the brains of patients with AD. Until present, different possible solutions have been proposed to provide a possible vaccine against AD. 35 2 In EP52651 1, the administration of homeopathic doses of As to patients with pre-established AD is proposed. However, due to the doses used, the levels of circulating endogenous AP in plasma hardly vary, and so no therapeutic benefit is expected. 5 Schenk et al., (Nature, 1999; 400:173-177) describe immunization of transgenic mice PDAPP with AP42, which overexpress human mutant APP, thus preventing the formation of amyloid plaques, neurotic dystrophy and astrogliosis. 10 In W09927944 (Schenk D.), a treatment for AD is described by administration to a patient of AP42. A phase Ill clinical trial in 360 patients diagnosed with medium to moderate AD 15 in 4 European countries and the United States, in which amyloid peptide Ap42 was used as an antigen, was discontinued after encephalitis was reported in some of the patients (Scrip Daily Online, 25 Feb 2002, S007455320, The Scientist 16 [7]: 22, April 1, 2002). 20 The problem of using an endogenous protein as a vaccine (or a protein present naturally in the animal that is being vaccinated), as is the case of peptide Ap42, the organism responds by making antibodies against Ap42 and against smaller fractions that may also have as yet unknown physiological functions, among some of the possible problems we could mention is the possible development of 25 autoimmune diseases due to the generation of antibodies against the endogenous protein, difficulty in the generation of a immune response due to failure of the immune system for recognizing endogenous antigens, and possible development of an acute inflammatory response. 30 The present invention is aimed at treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other amyloid diseases by administration of a peptide, of the C-terminus part of AP, conjugated with a protein, which in a preferred embodiment of the present invention said protein is the keyhole limpet hemocyanin. 35 EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION 2a In a first aspect there is provided a use of a peptide conjugated to a protein in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain of a patient wherein the peptide acts as an immunogen for the production of antibodies able to specifically recognize any of the predominant variants of the beta amyloid peptides Ap40 and Ap42 and wherein the peptide is selected from the group consisting of: - a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence SEQ ID No 4; - a peptide truncated by one or more amino acids at the N-terminal and/or C-terminal compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4; and - a peptide having one or more additional amino acids compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4, wherein the one or more additional amino acids are appropriate for conjugating the protein to the peptide. In a second aspect there is provided use of an antibody, or an active fragment or derivative of an antibody that specifically recognizes any of the predominant variants of the beta amyloid peptides AS40 and A042 in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain of a patient, and wherein the antibody, or the active fragment or derivative of the antibody is obtained from a peptide selected from the group consisting of: - a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No 4; - a peptide truncated by one or more amino acids at the N-terminal and/or C-terminal compared to a peptide comprising a sequence SEQ ID No 4; and - a peptide having one or more additional amino acids compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4, wherein the one or more additional amino acids are appropriate for conjugating the protein to the peptide. In a third aspect there is provided a method of preventing and/or treating a disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain of a patient, the 2b method comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a peptide conjugated to a protein, wherein the peptide acts as an immunogen for the production of antibodies able to specifically recognize any of the predominant variants of the beta amyloid peptides Ap40 and Ap42, wherein the peptide is selected from the group consisting of: - a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID No 4; - a peptide truncated by one or more amino acids at the N-terminal arid/or C-terminal compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4; and - a peptide having one or more additional amino acids compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4, wherein the one or more additional amino acids are appropriate for conjugating the protein to the peptide. In a fourth aspect there is provided a method of preventing and/or treating a disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain of a patient, the method comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of an antibody or an active fragment or derivative of an antibody that specifically recognizes any of the predominant variants of the beta amyloid peptides Ap40 and AP42 wherein the peptide is selected from the group consisting of - a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No 4; - a peptide truncated by one or more amino acids at the N-terminal and/or C-terminal compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4; and - a peptide having one or more additional amino acids compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4, wherein the one or more additional amino acids are appropriate for conjugating the protein to the peptide.

3 The present invention relates to a vaccine for the prevention and/or treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other related amyloid diseases. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a vaccine is 5 provided for the prevention and/or treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other related diseases, which overcomes the disadvantages associated with using peptides, proteins or endogenous immunogens. Examples of other diseases characterized by amyloid deposits are Islandic 10 hereditary syndrome, multiple myeloma, and spongiform encephalitis, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The introduction of an immune response can be active such as when an immunogen is administered to induce antibodies that react with Ap in a patient, 15 or passive, such as when an antibody is administered that reacts by itself with As in a patient. For the alms of the present Invention, the following terms are defined as follows: 20 the term "related amyloid diseases" Includes diseases associated with the accumulation of amyloid which can be restricted to one organ, localized amyloidosis, or spread throughout several organs, systemic amyloidosis. Secondary amyloidosis can be associated with chronic infections (such as, for example, tuberculosis) or chronic inflammation (for example, rheumatoid 25 arthritis), familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and other types of systemic amyloidosis found in patients in the long-term treatment of hemodialysis. Localized forms of amyloidosis include, but are not limited to, type Il diabetes and any other disease related thereto, neurodegenerative diseases with scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Alzheimer's 30 disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The term "passive immunization" is used to relate to the administration of antibodies or fragments thereof to an individual with the intention of conferring immunity on that Individual. 35 4 in the first aspect, the invention provides the use of either a peptide that acts as an immunogen or as an antibody, in the preparation of a medication for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits. Said methods consist of the induction of an immune response 5 against a peptide component of the amyloid deposits in the patient. Said induction could be active through administration of an immunogen or passive through administration of an antibody or an active fragment or derivative of an antibody. 10 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the disease is Alzheimer's disease. The medication obtained can be used both in asymptomatic patients such as those who show symptoms of the disease. 15 In accordance with the presence of the present invention, the compositions able to provoke an immune response directed against certain components of the amyloid plaques are effective for treatment or prevention of diseases related to amyloid deposits. In particular, in accordance with an aspect of the present 20 invention, it is possible to prevent the progress of, reduce the symptoms of and/or reduce the deposition process of amyloid in an individual, when an immunostimulatory dose of a peptide or of an antibody obtained therefrom, is administered to the patient. . 25 In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, the antibodies are obtained by immunization of mammals or birds by use of a peptide conjugated to a protein as an immunogen. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mammals 30 used for immunization can be ruminants, equines, lagomorphs, carnivores, primates, or any other animal that allows adequate quantities of serum to be extracted therefore for antibody. Among the birds used for immunization, we can mention, but in no way limit to, Galliformes, Anseriformes and Columbiformes, among others. 35 5 According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this provides the use of a peptide conjugated to a protein that acts as an immunogen to produce antibodies able to specifically recognize any of the predominant variants of the beta amyloid peptide Ap40 and Ap42 in the preparation of a medicament for the 5 prevention and/or treatment of a disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain of a patient. According to the most preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protein used for conjugation with the peptide is keyhole limpet protein. 10 In accordance with an even more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the peptide is selected from a group that consists of the peptide of SEQ ID No 1, the peptide of SEQ ID No 2, the.peptide of SEQ ID No 3, the peptide of SEQ ID No 4, the peptides resulting from cutting by elimination of 15 amino acid residues from the N-terminal ends and/or C-terminal ends of SEQ ID No 1, SEQ ID No 2, SEQ ID No 3 or SEQ ID No 4, and the peptides resulting from lengthening by addition of the residues to any of the peptides of SEQ ID No 1, SEQ ID No 2, SEQ ID No 3 or SEQ ID No 4. 20 in accordance with another preferred embodiment, the peptide is selected from a group that comprises peptide SEQ ID No 1, the peptides with a sequence resulting from elimination of residues of N-terminal and/or C-terminal amino acids from SEQ ID No I and the peptides resulting from adding to any of the preceding sequences, the residues of amino acids necessary for protein 25 conjugation. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the peptide Is selected from among the group made up by the peptide of SEQ ID No 2, the peptides with a sequence resulting from elimination of residues of N-terminal 30 and/or C-terminal amino acids from SEQ ID No 2 and the peptides resulting from the addition to any of the preceding sequences, the residues of amino acids necessary for protein conjugation. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the peptide is 35 selected from among the group made up by the peptide of SEQ ID No 3, the peptides with a sequence resulting from elimination of residues of N-terminal 6 and/or C-terminal amino acids from SEQ ID No 3 and the peptides resulting from the addition to any of the preceding sequences, the residues of amino acids necessary for protein conjugation. 5 In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the peptide is selected from among the group made up by the peptide of SEQ ID No 4, the peptides with a sequence resulting from elimination of residues of N-terminal and/or C-terminal amino acids from SEQ ID No 4 and the peptides resulting from the addition to any of the preceding sequences, the residues of amino 10 acids necessary for protein conjugation. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, this provides the use of an antibody or an active fragment or derivative of an antibody that specifically recognizes any of the predominant variants of the beta amyloid 15 peptide, Ap40 and AP42 in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain of a patient. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the antibody or 20 en active fragment or derivative of the antibody that specifically recognizes any of the predominant variants of the peptide As is obtained from a peptide selected from a group that consists of SEQ ID No 1, SEQ ID No 2, SEQ ID No 3, SEQ ID No 4, optionally shortened by elimination of the amino acid residues from the N-terminal and/or C-terminal ends, and optionally lengthened by 25 addition of amino acid residues appropriate for protein conjugation. In another more preferred embodiment, said antibody or active fragment or antibody derivative is obtained by immunization of mammals or birds with a peptides selected from a group made up of the peptide of SEQ ID No 1, 30 peptides with a sequence resulting from elimination of N-terminal and C terminal amino acid residues of SEQ ID No 1 and peptides resulting from addition of the residues of amino acids necessary for protein conjugation to any of the preceding sequences. 35 In another more preferred embodiment, said antibody or active fragment or antibody derivative is obtained by immunization of mammals or birds with a 7 peptides selected from a group made up of the peptide of SEQ ID No 2, peptides with a sequence resulting from elimination of N-terminal and C terminal amino acid residues of SEQ ID No 2 and peptides resulting from addition of the residues of amino acids necessary for protein conjugation to any 5 of the preceding sequences. In another more preferred embodiment, said antibody or active fragment or antibody derivative is obtained by immunization of mammals or birds with a peptides selected from a group made up of the peptide of SEQ ID No 3, 10 peptides with a sequence resulting from elimination of N-terminal and C terminal amino acid residues of SEQ ID No 3 and peptides resulting from addition of the residues of amino acids necessary for protein conjugation to any of the preceding sequences. i5 In another more preferred embodiment, said antibody or active fragment or antibody derivative is obtained by Immunization of mammals or birds with a peptides selected from a group made up of the peptide of SEQ ID No 4, peptides with a sequence resulting from elimination of N-terminal and C terminal amino acid residues of SEQ ID No 4 and peptides resulting from 20 addition of the residues of amino acids necessary for protein conjugation to any of the preceding sequences. In this application, the amino acids are abbreviated using the single-letter codes accepted in the field, as indicated below: 25 A = Ala = alanine C = Cys = cysteine D = Asp = aspartic acid E = Glu = glutamic acid F = Phe = phenylalanine G = Gly = glycine H = His = histidine I = lIe = isoleucine K = Lys = lysine L = Leu = leucine M = Met = methionine 8 N = Asn = asparagine P = Pro proline Q = Gin = glutamine R = Arg arginine S = Ser = serine T = Thr = threonine V = Val = valine W= Trp = tryptophane Y= Tyr = tryosine The sequences described previously in the present invention, and identified as SEQ ID no 1, SEQ ID no 2, SEQ ID no 3, SEQ ID no 4, correspond to the following amino acid sequences: 5 SEQ IDNO1 LVFFAEDV SEQ ID NO 2 GLMVGGVV SEQ ID NO 3 GLMVGGVVIA SEQ ID NO 4 RHDSGYEVHHQK 10 The antibodies obtained from the previous peptides are given the codes SAR-1, SAR-2, SAR-3 and SAR-4 corresponding to those that are shown below: SEQ ID NO 1 SAR-2 15 SEQ ID NO 2 SAR-3 SEQ ID NO 3 SAR-4 SEQ ID NO 4 SAR-1 The information relating to identification of the peptide sequences, described in 20 the present invention, that accompany the present document in a computer readable format, is indicated in the list of sequences that is presented along with this document. 25 9 EXAMPLES The present invention is illustrated by means of the following examples. 5 Example 1. Generation of polyclonal antibodies. The four polyclonal antibodies against the four peptides conjugated with KLH that were used as immunogen were generated by immunization in New Zealand 10 white rabbits. Each immunogen was injected into two rabbits, with five injections in each rabbit: the first intradermal injection of the peptide-KLH conjugate in PBS and emulsified in complete Freud adjuvant and four more intramuscular injections, 15 af a booster dose on days 14, 28, 49 and 80, of the same peptide-KLH conjugate in PBS but this time emulsified in incomplete Freud adjuvant, with the blood letting done at 90 days to detect the presence of antibodies. After collecting blood, the serum was separated and pre-purified by desalination 20 and then the antibodies were purified by affinity in a matrix comprising 1.5 ml of EMD-Epoxy activated material (Merck) to which 5 mg of the corresponding peptide was added. The purified fractions were packed in 0.1% BSA (Sigma) and stored at 4 0 C, and glycerol 20-50% could be added as a cryoprotector. 25 Example 2. WESTERN-BLOT for AP 1. Electrophoresis 30 35 10 The Laemmli method was used, described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1998, modified by improve the separation of small peptides. 5 The apparatus used was a Miniprotean 3 from Bio-Rad. A 15% acrylamide gel was used, mixed with the following components: STOCK SOLUTIONS SEPARATING GEL STACKING GEL (15%) 40% acrylamide 3.75 ml 500 pl Tris 3 M, pH = 8.45 3.3 ml 250 lA Glycerol 1.05 ml Water 1.9 ml 4.2 pl SDS 20% 501pl 18.6 pl APS 10% 50 ld 25 pl TEMED ' 10p 5pl 10 Initial stock solutions of peptide Ap40 and 42 of 1 mg/ml were used (dissolved in PBS). The volume necessary was taken of these solutions for each one of the samples and made up to 20 pl with SBLT (SBL + Tris base 2 M). The samples were then boiled for 5 minutes to denature the peptides and eliminate 15 possible proteases. The center of the cuvette was filled with cathode buffer and the outside with anode buffer, the composition of these buffers being as follows: 20 Anode buffer 24.2 g Tris base (0.2 M final concentration) Dilute to 1 litre with H 2 0 Adjust of pH 8.9 with concentrated HCI Store at 4 0 C for up to 1 month 25 Cathode buffer 12.11 g Tris base (0.1 M final concentration) 11 17.92 g tricine (0.1 M final concentration) I g SDS (0.1% final concentration) Dilute to 1 litre with H 2 0 Do not adjust pH 5 Store at 4 0 C for up to I month Finally, the samples were loaded into the wells: 20 Il/well. Using the Polypeptide Standard Kaleidoscope from Blo-Rad as a marker, migration started at low voltage (30 V), and then the voltage was raised to 100 V, after 10 approximately 1 hour of electrophoresis. 2.- MEMBRANE TRANSFER . The proteins separated in the gel were transferred to the PVDF membrane by 15 electroblotting. In the transfer booklets the following were placed Black side -sponge- 3 Whatmann papers (or filter papers) -gel- -membrane- -3 Whatmann papers- -sponge- -transparent side. 20 The cuvette was then filled with electroblotting buffer: Glycine 38 nM Tris base 50 mM Methanol 40% 25 The transfer was done for 2 hours at 200 mA. During the transfer, the buffer was kept stirring with the magneti stirrer. 3- INCUBATION WITH ANTIBODIES 30 The antibodies and the powder milk were dissolved in PBS-t (PBS + 0.5% Tween 20), carrying out the washing with PBS-T also. After the transfer, the surface of the membrane was blocked with 5% solution of 35 powder milk for 1 hour with stirring and at room temperature (RT) 12 After this, the membrane was washed for 2 x 5 minutes at RT. Then, it was incubated with primary antibody (SAR-1, SAR-2, SAR-3 or SAR-4) for 1 hour at RT at least diluted 1:500 in PBS-T. 5 The membrane was washed: 3 x 10 minutes at RT. Then, it was incubated with secondary antibody: goat anti-rabbit-HRP for 1 hour at RT (1:10,000 in all cases). 10 The washing of the membrane was repeated once again: 3 x 10 minutes at RT. 4.- DEVELOPMENT After the last washing, the membrane was incubated with the solution of the 15 chemoluminescence kit, using the ECL kit+Plus from Pharmacia. The membrane was wrapped in cellophane and exposed to double-emulsion film (Hyperfilm MP from Amersham), for different times of between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. 20 Example 3. Immunohistochemistry with SAR-1, SAR-2, SAR-3 and SAR-4 antibodies in the tissue of human brain. The sections of tissue were fixed in paraffin following the following steps: 25 a) fixation in neutral formol at 10% b) dehydration by successive steps in increasing concentrations of alcohol c) passes through xylol and paraffin, this latter step in an oven at 60-62 0 C. d) carrying out of paraffin blocks, which were cut to 4 microns and mounted in slides. 30 The sections were then deparaffinized by passing through the following solutions: Xylol 100% 10 minutes 35 Xylol 100% 10 minutes Ethanol 100% 5 minutes 13 Ethanol 100% 5 minutes Ethanol 96% 5 minutes Ethanol 90% 5 minutes Ethanol 70% 5 minutes 5 PBS 5 minutes x 3 times Afterwards, they were treated in the following way: a) 96% formic acid for 3 minutes in a fume cupboard and with stirring b) Rapid washing with water 10 c) Washing in PBS 2 x 5 minutes d) Block of the endogenous peroxidases for 15 minutes in a solution made up of 70 ml of PBS, 30 ml of methanol and 1 ml of H 2 0 2 e) Washing in PBS 3 x 5 minutes f) Washing In PBS/T (Triton or Tween-20 at 0.5% in PBS) 3 x 5 minutes 15 g) Block of the non-specific binding with goat serum (Normal Goat Serum) diluted 10:100 in PBS/T for two hours h) Incubation of the primary antibodies all night at 40C in a moisture chamber: 20 Sar-1... Dilution 1:150 in PBS Sar-2... Dilution 1:1500 in PBS Sar-3... Dilution 1:1500 in PBS Sar-4... Dilution 1:2000 in PBS 25 i) Washing in PBS/T 3 x 5 minutes j) Incubation in secondary antibody (anti-rabbit goat) diluted 1:200 In PBS during 45 minutes k) Washing in PBS 4 x 5 minutes I) Incubation of ABC (avidin-biotin complex) of Vector Labs at a dilution of 30 1:100 in PBS/T for 45 minutes in darkness, keeping these conditions until development was complete m) Washing in PBS 3 x 5 minutes n) Development in diaminobenzidine (DAB) 35 The time was controlled empirically under a stereoscopic microscope. For this, first, a washing was done in a solution of Tris-HCI 0.5 M for 10 minutes with 14 shaking, to then continue with incubation with a diaminobenzidine substrate (DAB) diluted in Tris-HCI 0.05M and to which is added 0.5 pl./ml of H 2 0 2 at 4 0 C. Once the reaction was finished, three washes were done in PBS at 4"C for 5 minutes each time and then dehydration in ethanol was done at 70%, 90% and 5 100% for 2 minutes each time, passing through xylol for 4 minutes and a further pass through xylol for 2 minutes, until they were mounted with Eukitt for observation under the microscope. List of sequences. 10 NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 4 INFORMATION ON SEQUENCE 1: CHARACTERISTiCS OF THE SEQUENCE: 15 LENGTH:8 TYPE: amino acid TYPE OF MOLECULE: peptide SOURCE: Chemical synthesis SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: 20 SEQ ID NO 1 Leu Val Phe Phe Ala Glu Asp Val 1 5 25 INFORMATION ON SEQUENCE 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF fHE SEQUENCE: LENGTH: 8 TYPE: amino acid 30 TYPE OF MOLECULE: peptide SOURCE: Chemical synthesis SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO 1 35 Gly Leu Met Val Gly Gly Val Val 1 5 15 INFORMATION ON SEQUENCE 3: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEQUENCE: 5 LENGTH: 10 TYPE: amino acid TYPE OF MOLECULE: peptide SOURCE: Chemical synthesis SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: 10 SEQ ID NO 1 Gly Leu Met Val Gly Gly Val Val lIe Ala 1 5 10 15 INFORMATION ON SEQUENCE 4: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEQUENCE: LENGTH: 12 TYPE: amino acid 20 ~ TYPE OF MOLECULE: peptide SOURCE: Chemical synthesis SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO4 25 Arg His Asp Ser Gly Tyr Glu Val His His Gin Lys 1 5 10 15a Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or 5 group of integers or steps. The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that the prior publication 10 (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates.

Claims (8)

1. Use of a peptide conjugated to a protein in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain of a patient wherein the peptide acts as an immunogen for the production of antibodies able to specifically recognize any of the predominant variants of the beta amyloid peptides Ap40 and Ap42 and wherein the peptide is selected from the group consisting of: - a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence SEQ ID No 4; - a peptide truncated by one or more amino acids at the N-terminal and/or C-terminal compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4; and - a peptide having one or more additional amino acids compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4, wherein the one or more additional amino acids are appropriate for conjugating the protein to the peptide.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the disease is Alzheimer's disease.

3. The use according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the protein is keyhole limpet protein (KLH).

4. Use of an antibody, or an active fragment or derivative of an antibody that specifically recognizes any of the predominant variants of the beta amyloid peptides Ap40 and Ap42 in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain of a patient, and wherein the antibody, or the active fragment or derivative of the antibody is obtained from a peptide selected from the group consisting of: - a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No 4; - a peptide truncated by one or more amino acids at the N-terminal and/or C terminal compared to a peptide comprising a sequence SEQ ID No 4; and - a peptide having one or more additional amino acids compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4, wherein the one or more additional amino acids are appropriate for conjugating the protein to the peptide.

5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the disease is Alzheimer's disease. 17

6. The use according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein said antibody, active fragment or antibody derivative is obtained by immunization of a mammal or a bird.

7. A method of preventing and/or treating a disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain of a patient, the method comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a peptide conjugated to a protein, wherein the peptide acts as an immunogen for the production of antibodies able to specifically recognize any of the predominant variants of the beta amyloid peptides AP40 and Ap42, wherein the peptide is selected from the group consisting of: - a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID No 4; - a peptide truncated by one or more amino acids at the N-terminal and/or C-terminal compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4; and - a peptide having one or more additional amino acids compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4, wherein the one or more additional amino acids are appropriate for conjugating the protein to the peptide.

8. A method of preventing and/or treating a disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain of a patient, the method comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of an antibody or an active fragment or derivative of an antibody that specifically recognizes any of the predominant variants of the beta amyloid peptides Ap40 and Ap42 wherein the peptide is selected from the group consisting of - a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No 4; - a peptide truncated by one or more amino acids at the N-terminal and/or C-terminal compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4; and - a peptide having one or more additional amino acids compared to a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID No 4, wherein the one or more additional amino acids are appropriate for conjugating the protein to the peptide. 2011226926 28 Sep 2011 2011226926 28 Sep 2011